PDVSA

ENGINEERING DESIGN MANUAL

VOLUME 9I
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA N

TITLE

PDVSA INSTRUMENTATION INTRODUCTION

K300

FEB.99

GENERAL REVISION

Y. K.

A. A.

J. E. R.

AUG 94

FOR APPROVAL

57

L.T.

E.J.

A.N.

APPD.

APPD.

DATE

FEB. 99

REV.

DATE

APPD.BY Alexis Arvalo

E PDVSA, 1983

DESCRIPTION
DATE

PAG. REV.

FEB. 99 APPD.BY Jess E. Rojas

ESPECIALISTAS

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA

PDVSA INSTRUMENTATION
INTRODUCTION

PDVSA K300
REVISION

DATE

FEB.99

Page
Men Principal

Indice manual

Indice volumen

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Index
1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 CODES, STANDARDS AND PRACTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1
3.2
3.3

Venezuelan National Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

International Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3
3
3

4 INSTRUMENT SYMBOLS, FORMS, DOCUMENTS AND LOOP

IDENTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.1
4.2
4.3

Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Standard Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Instrument Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3
3
3

5 LANGUAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT, SCALE AND CHART . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7 INSTRUMENT SIGNAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8 INSTRUMENT PROCESS CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9 INSTRUMENT ENCLOSURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10 MEASUREMENT ACCURACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.1 Flow and Weight Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.2 Level Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.3 Temperature, Pressure, Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8
8
8

11 PDVSA INSTRUMENT/CONTROL SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS . .

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA

PDVSA INSTRUMENTATION
INTRODUCTION

PDVSA K300
REVISION

DATE

FEB.99

Page
Men Principal

Indice manual

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SCOPE
This document contains guidelines for the application of instrumentation
engineering standards, practices and design philosophy of instruments and
control systems. Range of application includes new installations as well as
replacements, repairs or modifications of existing installations.
It is intended to ensure consistent good engineering practice, optimum operating
conditions, a safe environment and that equipment and plants conform to the
latest quality control and quality assurance standards.

GENERAL
These guidelines are to be complemented by any other applicable specification,
as outlined in paragraph 3.
The instrumentation and control systems shall be kept as simple as possible with
a minimum number of components and incorporate latest field proven
technological advances to ensure measurements with high accuracy, advanced
control systems for the specified application and an efficient final control element
with the required characteristics and rangeability.
The operational philosophy is to control the entire plant from one central control
room with minimum operator intervention. Hence all necessary and sufficient
process measurements, control loops and protection system facilities shall be
provided to operate the plant safely and efficiently at optimum design capacities
and product specifications.
Satellite control centres shall be provided to operate onshore or offshore water
injection units, compression plants, water treatment plants, oil or gas gathering
stations, loading or unloading facilities, compressors, electrical substations, etc.
These satellite control centres shall be equipped with redundant remote
transmission systems and communicate with the central control room mentioned
in the previous paragraph. All necessary process measurement information shall
be available to the operator in the central control room in order to enable him to
monitor remotely and take appropriate actions in the event of any equipment
malfunction and/or process deviation.
Local control panels shall be provided as necessary. However these systems
shall be designed so that all necessary process measurement information is also
available in the central control room to enable the operator to take appropriate
actions, as previously mentioned.

CODES, STANDARDS AND PRACTICES

The requirements in the latest editions of the following documents shall be
explicitly complied to in all phases from initial design through to final

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA

PDVSA INSTRUMENTATION
INTRODUCTION

PDVSA K300
REVISION

DATE

FEB.99

Page
Men Principal

Indice manual

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commissioning and routine maintenance activities. The contents of these

documents shall supplement the PDVSA K Series specifications
(Instrumentation).
Exceptions are permissible only with written approval by PDVSA.

3.1

Venezuelan National Standards

Comisin Venezolana de Normas Industriales (COVENIN)
Cdigo Elctrico Nacional

3.2

International Standards
International Standards Organisation (ISO)
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation (CENELEC)

3.3

Other Standards
American Gas Association (AGA)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
American Petroleum Institute (API)
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Instrument Society for Measurement and Control (ISA)
National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE)
National Electric Code (NEC)
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

4
4.1

INSTRUMENT SYMBOLS, FORMS, DOCUMENTS AND LOOP

IDENTIFICATION
Standards
ISA Standards S 5.1 to 5.5, both inclusive, covering symbols, identification and
loop diagrams shall be complied to.

4.2

Standard Forms
ISA standard forms shall be used to specify all instrumentation and process
control equipment.

4.3

Instrument Index
ISA standard instrument index shall be used to correlate the instrument TAG No.
with the P.&I.D., specification sheets and installation drawings.

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA

PDVSA INSTRUMENTATION
INTRODUCTION

PDVSA K300
REVISION

DATE

FEB.99

Page
Men Principal

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LANGUAGE
Language of engineering or equipment documents shall be agreed with
Engineering Contractor or Equipment Supllier.
For key items listed below, written descriptions or narratives shall be preferably
in Spanish:
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

Nameplates
Annunciator Engravings
Tags
System Operation
Process Operation
Interlock and Protection System Operations
Advanced Control Loops (Ratio, Split Range, Feed Forward, LeadLag, etc.)
Analyzer Sampling Systems
Process Analyzers / Chromatographs
Rotating Equipment Control & Protection Systems

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA

PDVSA INSTRUMENTATION
INTRODUCTION

PDVSA K300
REVISION

DATE

FEB.99

Page
Men Principal

Indice manual

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UNITS OF MEASUREMENT, SCALE AND CHART

MEASUREMENT
VARIABLE
FLOWLIQUID

UNIT
M3/HOUR

SCALE

CHART

010 SQ.RT. OR LINEAR, DIRECT READING PREFERABLY

DEPENDING ON THE PRIMARY MEASURING ELEMENT

LITRES/HOUR

IDEM

IDEM

METRIC TONS

IDEM

IDEM

SCFH @ 60F AND 14.7

PSIA

IDEM

IDEM

NM3/HOUR @ 0C AND 1
BAR G
M3/HOUR @ 20C AND 1
BAR G

IDEM

IDEM

IDEM

IDEM

METRIC TONS

IDEM

IDEM

METRIC TONS/HOUR

IDEM

IDEM

KILOGRAMS/HOUR

IDEM

IDEM

DIRECT READING

0100 UNIFORM

KILOGRAMS

IDEM

IDEM

C AND F

IDEM

IDEM

ABOVE ATMOSPHERIC

BAR G

IDEM

IDEM

NEAR ATMOSPHERIC

PSIG
MILLIMETRES OF WATER

IDEM
IDEM

IDEM
IDEM

ABSOLUTE

INCHES OF WATER
BAR A

IDEM
IDEM

IDEM
IDEM

PSI A
MILLIMETRES OF
MERCURY
MILLIMETRES

IDEM
IDEM

IDEM
IDEM

IDEM

IDEM

GAS

STEAM

WEIGHT

METRIC TONS

TEMPERATURE
PRESSURE

VACUUM
LEVEL (DEPENDING
ON SIZE OF TANK AND
APPLICATION)

ANALYSIS

Notes:

METRES
PERCENTAGE
DIRECT READING IN
UNITS OF TYPE OF
ANALYSER VARIABLE

IDEM

IDEM

0100%

IDEM

DIRECT READING

IDEM

Other units can be utilised to suit each individual installation: Barrels, USGPM, etc. subject to PDVSA
approval. The ultimate objective is to adapt to the SI Units System.

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA

PDVSA INSTRUMENTATION
INTRODUCTION

PDVSA K300
REVISION

DATE

FEB.99

Page
Men Principal

Indice manual

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INSTRUMENT SIGNAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

All signal transmission to and from local panels or the control room shall be
electrical with electric to pneumatic convertors to operate only pneumatic final
control elements.
Pneumatic transmitters shall be used where absolutely necessary and if their use
is unavoidable. No process fluid except for instrument air shall enter local panels
or control rooms.
The signal system shall be as follows:
Electronic

4 to 20 mA D.C.
Digital communications standard in accordance with
ISA SP50 Committee
Milivolts (from thermocouples)
Pulses (0 10 KHz minimum range)
Others as requiered by propietary control systems
manufacturer with PDVSA Engineer approval only, e.g
PLC Internal Communication Buses, Servo Valves
and Governor Communications, etc.
Pneumatic
3 to 15 P.S.I.G.
Discrete signals
At 24 volts D.C.
The design shall ensure that instruments are capable of communicating with all
other interconnected components.

INSTRUMENT PROCESS CONNECTIONS

All instrument connections on piping, vessel and equipment shall conform with the
corresponding vessel and/or piping specification. The table below is a guide only
and special attention shall be given to the size and location of instrument
connections of each item during detailed engineering, taking into account the fluid
phase or phases, and physical chemical / corrosion properties of fluids.
The detailed design shall also be compatible with PDVSA piping specification
HF201 Instrument piping design and instrument installation.
Connections shall be made either on the side or top of process equipment, not
at the bottom. This requirement applies to both pipe and vessel taps. Low lateral
connections shall be sufficiently high to prevent plugging due to dirt or suspended
solids. The connection shall be short and without pockets.
Temperature sensors and analyzer sampling probes shall be located where there
is flow and rapid response, for example in an elbow against flow direction, rather
than where fluid is stagnant. Analyser sampling probes shall ensure a true
representation of the fluid to be analyzed.

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA

PDVSA INSTRUMENTATION
INTRODUCTION

PDVSA K300
REVISION

DATE

FEB.99

Page
Men Principal

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The insertion lengths and construction details of thermowell and analyzer

sampling probes shall be designed to resist high fluid velocities and physical /
corrosion impact.
Pressure sensing points (for pressure, differential pressure or level measurement)
shall be situated well away from locations where measurements can be affected
by local impact and velocity variations.
Lead lines between the first block valve and the instrument shall be kept as short
as possible. All instruments shall be mounted closecoupled and on vibration free
supports.

Type of
measurement

Analysis
Flow
Level screwed d/p cell
Flanged d/p cell
Displacer
Gauge glass
Bridle system
Pressure
Thermowells

Connection sizes on vessel/piping

Threaded
flanged
RTJ
To be used only when
To be used only when
permitted by piping
required by piping or
spec. and fluid corrovessel specification.
sion properties.
3/4
11/2
11/2
1/2

1
1

3 min
3 min

2
2

1
1

2
2
3/4
1
1
1
1
1

INSTRUMENT ENCLOSURES
All items shall be apropriate for the service conditions (pressure, temperature,
corrosion, erosion, etc.) and housed in enclosures adecuate to withstand the most
severe ambient conditions to be expected at the installation site (Rain, marine
atmosphere, dust, wind, electrical or magnetic noise, etc.).
All electronic instruments shall be in compliance with area classification
requirements in accordance with the National Electric Code. See ISA Standards
S12.1, S12.10 and S12.2 for additional details.
If an instrument is not available either intrinsically safe or as an explosionproof
item, a purged system with inert gas or air shall be considered in accordance with
NFPA 496. All such applications are subject to PDVSA approval.

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA

PDVSA INSTRUMENTATION
INTRODUCTION

PDVSA K300
REVISION

DATE

FEB.99

Page
Men Principal

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10 MEASUREMENT ACCURACY
10.1

Flow and Weight Systems

Each system performance requirement shall be classified as listed below during
the design stage. The system includes primary elements such as an orifice plate
or turbine meter or load cell, a local readout device or transmitter and necessary
pressure, temperature and component analysis measurements to correct the
primary element reading for varying physical parameters.
Measurement Clasification

Maximum System Error

1
2
3

Less than 1.0%

Less than 2.0%
> 2.0%

All custody transfer meters shall be class 1 and the custody transfer metering
systems shall be designed to meet ISO5167/AGA/PTB and/or
ANSI/APIMPMS5.1 to 5.587 standards.
All other measurements are class 3 except those identified as class 2 by process
engineers.

10.2

Level Systems

10.2.1

The API storage tank level measurement systems shall be designed in

accordance with API standard 2545 to comply with custody transfer requirements
for either reception or despatch of tank contents.

10.2.2

Level measurement error on all other applications shall be less than 2%.

10.3

Temperature, Pressure, Analysis

The systems shall be designed to ensure the least possible error consistent with
the application requirement.

11 PDVSA INSTRUMENT/CONTROL SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

SPECIFICATION
N_ PDVSA K
300
301
302
303
304
305

TITLE
Introduction
Pressure instrumentation
Flow instrumentation
Level instrumentation
Temperature instrumentation
Process analyzers

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA

PDVSA INSTRUMENTATION
INTRODUCTION

PDVSA K300
REVISION

DATE

FEB.99

Page
Men Principal

SPECIFICATION
N_ PDVSA K
306
307
308
309
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
339
360
362
369

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TITLE
Sample conditioning systems
Electronic and pneumatic instrumentation
Distributed control systems
Scada systems
Control panels and consoles
Instrumentation power supply
Control valves
Valve actuators
Instrumentation and T/C Ext. cables
Packaged unit instrumentation
Safety Instrumented Systems
Furnace & Boiler Instrumentation systems
Rotating equipment instrumentation
Programmable logic controllers
Control Networks
Quality assurance/control

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