Computer Engineering System Design

(ECE 503)
Product Design Process

Noorfadzli bin Abdul Razak

Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Sistem
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik,
Elektrik, UiTM Shah Alam

Concept Design
The idea and concept of a product are realized in the first and second
stage of the project duration. The main intention is to provide a clear
first hand impression about the product, especially to those who have
direct interest in the whole project.
It is more on the functionality rather than the engineering aspects.
Detailed design specification is produced which contains critical written
statement about what the product should be and should do.

Concept Design
From the specifications, it is further transformed into a concept with
more inclusive diagrammatical and descriptive information. The
engineering aspect should gradually be visible from here.
Example: Autonomous line-following mobile robot based on video camera
Analog Video
Signal is sent to a
processor

Analog Video
Camera captures
images of a line
or object

Commands to
navigate robot

Need 2 motors, The drive motor

one for drive should be able to
and another
produce torque
one for steering for a minimum
Motors
speed of 20 cm/s

Process & analyze image, to

decide how to navigate the vehicle
to move along a line or objects on Should implement low end
the floor,
floor through commands to the
microcontroller
motors

Concept Design
From the specifications, it is further transformed into a concept with
more inclusive diagrammatical and descriptive information. The
engineering aspect should gradually be visible from here.
The level of details of the concept
p mayy varied.
Example: Autonomous line-following mobile robot based on video camera

Product Design
The next design process would be to realize the concept into a product,
where detailed system requirements are defined.
Every aspects of the system engineering will be designed in great detail
and it will g
go through
g development,
p
, testing
g and implementation
p
stages.
g
It is usually the longest phase in the project life cycle and it consumes
the most energy and the most resources.
Always be guided by what is stated in the project plan.
Every aspect of the designing process must be governed by the scope
of cost, time and resources.

Product Design
Perform the system design based on the tasks as distributed through
the work breakdown structure.
Example:

Product Design
The basic design is expanded with more details by putting logical
information in the form of engineering data and statements.
Video signal is basically more The video signal need to
complex as compared to
be segregated before can
signal from IR sensor
be processed.

Example:

CM26N/P

LM1881

LM1881 can do this task

quite good enough.

NTSC or PAL video format is

well established and widely
available with very affordable
price. Interfacing for its output
signal should be easy and
there are various interface
chips available in the market.
CM-26N/P is picked for this
purpose

And always remember that, design is in writing, not just

in the head or verbal. Document your design as much as
possible.
A logbook must be made available all the time, for this
purpose.
7

Product Design
L298 can provide a drive current

The basic design is expanded withof up

more
by
to 4.0A.details
It is suitable
for putting logical
the RS-380ST DC motor that we
information in the form of engineering
data
and
statements.
are using. The speed can be
Video signal is basically more The video signal need to
complex as compared to
be segregated before can
signal from IR sensor
be processed.

Example:

CM26N/P

controlled with PWM technique

ue
RS-380ST
PIC18F4550
+ SK40C

LM1881

LM1881 can do this task

quite good enough.

NTSC or PAL video format is

well established and widely
available with very affordable
price. Interfacing for its output
signal should be easy and
there are various interface
chips available in the market.
CM-26N/P is picked for this
purpose

To process video signal

signal, a
slightly high performance
controller is needed. For the
purpose of this project, the 16bit PIC18F4550 microcontroller
has all the features to
accomplish this. It may be
used with SK40C module

L298

SC08A

C55S

SC08A has 8 PWM

channels which is more
than enough to drive the
single RC servo motor for
steering the robot. There
are many RC servo can be
used and we choose the
C55S model.

Product Design
L298 can provide a drive current

Continue putting in more engineering

details.
of up to 4.0A.
It is suitable for
Video signal is basically more The video signal need to
complex as compared to
be segregated before can
signal from IR sensor
be processed.

Example:

CM26N/P

the RS-380ST DC motor that we

are using. The speed can be
controlled with PWM technique
ue
RS-380ST
PIC18F4550
+ SK40C

LM1881

LM1881 can do this task

quite good enough.

NTSC or PAL video format is

well established and widely
available with very affordable
price. Interfacing for its output
signal should be easy and
there are various interface
chips available in the market.

To process video signal

signal, a
slightly high performance
controller is needed. For the
purpose of this project, the 16bit PIC18F4550 microcontroller
has all the features to
accomplish this. It may be
used with SK40C module

CM-26N/P is picked for this

purpose

L298

SC08A

C55S

SC08A has 8 PWM

channels which is more
than enough to drive the
single RC servo motor for
steering the robot. There
are many RC servo can be
used and we choose the
C55S model.

Product Design
Continue putting in more engineering details.

RS-380ST

Example:

L298
CM26N/P

LM1881

SC08A

C55S

10

Product Design
Continue putting in more engineering details.

Example:
CM26N/P

LM1881

Power supply requirements:

The mobile robot requires a battery to supply adequate source of energy to all
the components.
By referring to their technical documents, requirements for each component is
as follows;
- CM26N/P video camera
5-15 volts
- LM1881 chip
5 volts
- PIC18F4550 on SK40C
7-15 volts
- L298 motor driver
5 volts (Vss) and up to 50 volts (Vs)
- SC08A motor driver
5 volts (Vdd) and motor power (JP2)
11

Product Design
Continue putting in more engineering details.

Example:
CM26N/P

LM1881

Power supply requirements:

The mobile robot requires a battery to supply adequate source of energy to all
the components.
By referring to their technical documents, requirements for each component is
as follows;
- CM26N/P video camera
5-15 volts
- LM1881 chip
5 volts
- PIC18F4550 on SK40C
7-15 volts
- L298 motor driver
5 volts (Vss) and up to 50 volts (Vs)
- SC08A motor driver
5 volts (Vdd) and motor power (JP2)

Basically we need a 5 volts

supply for CM26N/P,
LM1881, L298 and SC80A
And we also need a 12
volts supply for
PIC18F4550+SK40C
12

Product Design
Continue putting in more engineering details.

Example:
CM26N/P

LM1881

Power supply requirements:

LiPo 11.1V
2200mAh

Use a standard 7805

voltage regulator chip
LM7805C
Basically we need a 5 volts
supply for CM26N/P,
LM1881, L298 and SC80A

A rechargeable
Li-Polymer
battery is suitable

And we also need a 12

volts supply for
PIC18F4550+SK40C
13

Product Design
Continue putting in more engineering details.

Example:
CM26N/P

LM1881

Power supply requirements:

LiPo 11.1V
2200mAh

Use a standard 7805

voltage regulator chip
LM7805C
LM7805C

A rechargeable
Li-Polymer
battery is suitable

Basically we need a 5 volts

supply for CM26N/P,
LM1881, L298 and SC80A
And we also need a 12
volts supply for
PIC18F4550+SK40C
14

Product Design
Continue putting in more engineering details.

Example:
CM26N/P

LM1881

Power supply requirements:

LiPo 11.1V
2200mAh

Use a standard 7805

voltage regulator chip
LM7805C
LM7805C

A rechargeable
Li-Polymer
battery is suitable

Up to this stage, you have produced quite a

considerable amount of information
information, which can
allow you to implement them into corresponding
hardware and software solution.
But dont forget to first write up all the information
into a proper document.
List out the components adequately and acquire
them.

15

Product Design
With the well prepared design information, next is to test the design.
Acquire all the components and assemble them into loose circuitry by
means of bread boarding or wire wrapping.

16

Product Design
With the well prepared design information, next is to test the design.
Acquire all the components and assemble them into loose circuitry by
means of bread boarding or wire wrapping.
Perform functional test on the hardware,, analyze
y the outcomes of the
test and review the design appropriately.
The functional test may
also need some
implementation from the
software design part.

17

Product Design
For the software design, describe the flow of the software.

Example;
p ;
From a standard NTSC or PAL composite video signal, the sync separator chip
could separate and produces individual sync signals, namely the composite sync, vertical
sync, odd/even period, and burst/back porch period. The composite sync and odd/even
period signals are utilized by feeding them into the PIC18F4550 microcontroller, for the
purpose of generating two external interrupts. First interrupt routine is triggered by the rising
edge of the odd/even period signal, which resets a composite pulse counter. Second
interrupt is triggered when a falling edge of the composite sync pulse occurs, which in turn
increments the composite pulse counter on every pulse received. Consequently it also
counts
t the
th video
id lilines. Th
The counter
t value
l b
became th
the primary
i
reference
f
point
i t tto d
determine
t
i
the specific video line that being targeted.

18

Product Design
Draw a simple flow diagram.
RB2

RB0

AN0

19

Product Design
Draw a proper flow chart.

20

10

Product Design
Develop the software using appropriate development tools specific to
the hardware design configuration.
Integrate the software program with the hardware. Perform functional
test and analyze
y the results.

21

Product Design
Make amendment to the design if necessary.

22

11

Product Design
When everything is in place and working as what was specified, the
product is near to its final prototyping stage. Next is to integrate with
any mechanical requirements.

23

Documentation
At the end of the development period, the knowledge and information
about every aspect of the product must be properly documented.
It includes the design with schematic, block diagrams, flow charts, and
with adequate
q
descriptions.
p
And a closing report.

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12

Thank You

25

13