The World Factbook INDIA

4/30/2015
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SOUTHASIA:: INDIA
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Introduction:: INDIA
Background:
T heIndus Valley c iv iliz ation,oneofthewor ld's oldes t,flour is heddur ingthe3r dand2ndmillenniaB.C.andex tended
intonor thwes ter nIndia.Ar y antr ibes fr omthenor thwes tinfiltr atedtheIndians ubc ontinentabout1500B.C.their mer ger
withtheear lier Dr av idianinhabitants c r eatedthec las s ic alIndianc ultur e.T heMaur y aEmpir eofthe4thand3r dc entur ies
B.C. whic hr eac hedits z enithunder ASHO KA unitedmuc hofSouthAs ia.T heG oldenAgeus her edinby theG upta
dy nas ty ( 4thto6thc entur ies A.D.) s awaflower ingofIndians c ienc e,ar t,andc ultur e.Is lams pr eadac r os s the
s ubc ontinentov er aper iodof700y ear s .Inthe10thand11thc entur ies ,T ur k s andAfghans inv adedIndiaandes tablis hed
theDelhiSultanate.Intheear ly 16thc entur y ,theEmper or BABURes tablis hedtheMughalDy nas ty whic hr uledIndiafor
mor ethanthr eec entur ies .Eur opeanex plor er s beganes tablis hingfootholds inIndiadur ingthe16thc entur y .By the19th
c entur y ,G r eatBr itainhadbec omethedominantpolitic alpower onthes ubc ontinent.T heBr itis hIndianAr my play edav ital
r oleinbothWor ldWar s .Year s ofnonv iolentr es is tanc etoBr itis hr ule,ledby Mohandas G ANDHIandJ awahar lalNEHRU,
ev entually r es ultedinIndianindependenc e,whic hwas gr antedin1947.Lar ge s c alec ommunalv iolenc etook plac ebefor e
andafter thes ubc ontinentpar titionintotwos epar ates tates IndiaandPak is tan.T heneighbor ingnations hav efoughtthr ee
war s s inc eindependenc e,thelas tofwhic hwas in1971andr es ultedinEas tPak is tanbec omingthes epar atenationof
Banglades h.India's nuc lear weapons tes ts in1998emboldenedPak is tantoc onduc tits owntes ts thats amey ear .In
Nov ember 2008,ter r or is ts or iginatingfr omPak is tanc onduc tedas er ies ofc oor dinatedattac k s inMumbai,India's financ ial
c apital.Des pitepr es s ingpr oblems s uc has s ignific antov er population,env ir onmentaldegr adation,ex tens iv epov er ty ,and
wides pr eadc or r uption,ec onomic gr owthfollowingthelaunc hofec onomic r efor ms in1991andamas s iv ey outhful
populationar edr iv ingIndia's emer genc eas ar egionalandglobalpower .
Location:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/theworldfactbook/geos/in.html
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G eography:: INDIA
Souther nAs ia,bor der ingtheAr abianSeaandtheBay ofBengal,betweenBur maandPak is tan
Geographiccoordinates:
2000N,7700E
Mapreferences:
GOTOP
As ia
Area:
total: 3,287,263s qk m
land: 2,973,193s qk m
water: 314,070s qk m
countrycomparisontotheworld: 7
Areacomparative:
s lightly mor ethanone thir dthes iz eoftheUS
Areacomparisonmap:
Landboundaries:
total: 13,888k m
bordercountries(6): Banglades h4,142k m,Bhutan659k m,Bur ma1,468k m,China2,659k m,Nepal1,770k m,Pak is tan
3,190k m
Coastline:
7,000k m
Maritimeclaims:
territorialsea: 12nm
contiguouszone: 24nm
exclusiveeconomiczone: 200nm
continentalshelf: 200nmor totheedgeofthec ontinentalmar gin
Climate:
v ar ies fr omtr opic almons oonins outhtotemper ateinnor th
Terrain:
uplandplain( Dec c anPlateau) ins outh,flattor ollingplainalongtheG anges ,des er ts inwes t,Himalay as innor th
Elevationextremes:
lowestpoint: IndianO c ean0m
highestpoint: Kanc henjunga8,598m
Naturalresources:
c oal( four th lar ges tr es er v es inthewor ld) ,ir onor e,manganes e,mic a,baux ite,r ar eear thelements ,titaniumor e,
c hr omite,natur algas ,diamonds ,petr oleum,limes tone,ar ableland
Landuse:
arableland: 52.54%
permanentcrops: 4.31%
other: 43.16% ( 2012es t.)
Irrigatedland:
663,340s qk m( 2008)
Totalrenewablewaterresources:
1,911c uk m( 2011)
Freshwaterwithdrawal(domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 761c uk m/y r ( 7% /2% /90% )
percapita: 613c um/y r ( 2010)
Naturalhazards:
dr oughts flas hfloods ,as wellas wides pr eadanddes tr uc tiv efloodingfr ommons oonalr ains s ev er ethunder s tor ms
ear thquak es
volcanism: Bar r enIs land( elev .354m) intheAndamanSeahas beenac tiv einr ec enty ear s
Environmentcurrentissues:
defor es tations oiler os ionov er gr az ingdes er tific ationair pollutionfr omindus tr ialeffluents andv ehic leemis s ions
water pollutionfr omr aws ewageandr unoffofagr ic ultur alpes tic ides tapwater is notpotablethr oughoutthec ountr y huge
andgr owingpopulationis ov er s tr ainingnatur alr es our c es
Environmentinternationalagreements:
partyto: Antar c tic Env ir onmentalPr otoc ol,Antar c tic Mar ineLiv ingRes our c es ,Antar c tic T r eaty ,Biodiv er s ity ,
ClimateChange,ClimateChange Ky otoPr otoc ol,Des er tific ation,Endanger edSpec ies ,Env ir onmentalModific ation,
Haz ar dous Was tes ,LawoftheSea,O z oneLay er Pr otec tion,ShipPollution,T r opic alT imber 83,T r opic alT imber 94,
Wetlands ,Whaling
signed,butnotratified: noneofthes elec tedagr eements
Geographynote:
dominates SouthAs ians ubc ontinentnear impor tantIndianO c eantr ader outes Kanc henjunga,thir dtalles tmountainin
thewor ld,lies onthebor der withNepal
PeopleandSociety:: INDIA
Nationality:
noun: Indian( s )
adjective: Indian
Ethnicgroups:
Indo Ar y an72% ,Dr av idian25% ,Mongoloidandother 3% ( 2000)
Languages:
Hindi41% ,Bengali8.1% ,T elugu7.2% ,Mar athi7% ,T amil5.9% ,Ur du5% ,G ujar ati4.5% ,Kannada3.7% ,Malay alam
3.2% ,O r iy a3.2% ,Punjabi2.8% ,As s ames e1.3% ,Maithili1.2% ,other 5.9%
note: Englis henjoy s thes tatus ofs ubs idiar y offic iallanguagebutis themos timpor tantlanguagefor national,politic al,and
c ommer c ialc ommunic ationHindiis themos twidely s pok enlanguageandpr imar y tongueof41% ofthepeoplether ear e14
other offic iallanguages :Bengali,T elugu,Mar athi,T amil,Ur du,G ujar ati,Malay alam,Kannada,O r iy a,Punjabi,As s ames e,
Kas hmir i,Sindhi,andSans k r itHindus taniis apopular v ar iantofHindi/Ur dus pok enwidely thr oughoutnor ther nIndiabutis
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notanoffic iallanguage( 2001c ens us )
Religions:
Hindu80.5% ,Mus lim13.4% ,Chr is tian2.3% ,Sik h1.9% ,other 1.8% ,uns pec ified0.1% ( 2001c ens us )
Population:
1,236,344,631( J uly 2014es t.)
Agestructure:
014years: 28.5% ( male187,016,401/female165,048,695)
5564years: 7% ( male43,625,668/female43,175,111)
65yearsandover: 5.8% ( male34,133,175/female37,810,599) ( 2014es t.)
populationpyramid:
Dependencyratios:
totaldependencyratio: 51.8%
youthdependencyratio: 43.6%
elderlydependencyratio: 8.1%
potentialsupportratio: 12.3% ( 2014es t.)
Medianage:
total: 27y ear s
male: 26.4y ear s
female: 27.7y ear s ( 2014es t.)
Populationgrowthrate:
1.25% ( 2014es t.)
Birthrate:
19.89bir ths /1,000population( 2014es t.)
Deathrate:
7.35deaths /1,000population( 2014es t.)
Netmigrationrate:
0.05migr ant( s ) /1,000population( 2014es t.)
Urbanization:
urbanpopulation: 32.4% oftotalpopulation( 2014)
rateofurbanization: 2.38% annualr ateofc hange( 2010 15es t.)
Majorurbanareaspopulation:
NEWDELHI( c apital) 24.953millionMumbai20.741millionKolk ata11.766millionBangalor e9.718millionChennai
9.62millionHy der abad8.67million( 2014)
Sexratio:
atbirth: 1.12male( s ) /female
014years: 1.13male( s ) /female
65yearsandover: 0.91male( s ) /female
totalpopulation: 1.08male( s ) /female( 2014es t.)
Mother'smeanageatfirstbirth:
19.9( 2005/06es t.)
Maternalmortalityrate:
200deaths /100,000liv ebir ths ( 2010)
Infantmortalityrate:
total: 43.19deaths /1,000liv ebir ths
male: 41.9deaths /1,000liv ebir ths
female: 44.63deaths /1,000liv ebir ths ( 2014es t.)
Lifeexpectancyatbirth:
totalpopulation: 67.8y ear s
male: 66.68y ear s
female: 69.06y ear s ( 2014es t.)
Totalfertilityrate:
2.51c hildr enbor n/woman( 2014es t.)
Contraceptiveprevalencerate:
54.8% ( 2007/08)
Healthexpenditures:
4% ofG DP( 2012)
Physiciansdensity:
0.7phy s ic ians /1,000population( 2012)
Hospitalbeddensity:
0.7beds /1,000population( 2011)
Drinkingwatersource:
improved:
ur ban:96.7% ofpopulation
r ur al:90.7% ofpopulation
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total:92.6% ofpopulation
unimproved:
total:7.4% ofpopulation( 2012es t.)
Sanitationfacilityaccess:
improved:
total:36% ofpopulation
unimproved:
total:64% ofpopulation( 2012es t.)
HIV/AIDSadultprevalencerate:
0.26% ( 2013es t.)
HIV/AIDSpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDS:
20.797million( 2013es t.)
HIV/AIDSdeaths:
127,200( 2013es t.)
Majorinfectiousdiseases:
degreeofrisk: v er y high
foodorwaterbornediseases: bac ter ialdiar r hea,hepatitis AandE,andty phoidfev er
vectorbornediseases: denguefev er ,J apanes eenc ephalitis ,andmalar ia
watercontactdisease: leptos pir os is
animalcontactdisease: r abies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1av ianinfluenz ahas beenidentifiedinthis c ountr y itpos es anegligibler is k withex tr emely
r ar ec as es pos s ibleamongUSc itiz ens whohav ec los ec ontac twithbir ds ( 2013)
Obesityadultprevalencerate:
1.9% ( 2008)
Childrenundertheageof5yearsunderweight:
43.5% ( 2006)
Educationexpenditures:
3.2% ofG DP( 2011)
Literacy:
definition: age15andov er c anr eadandwr ite
totalpopulation: 74%
male: 82.1%
female: 65.5% ( 2011es t.)
Schoollifeexpectancy(primarytotertiaryeducation):
total: 12y ear s
male: 12y ear s
female: 11y ear s ( 2011)
Childlaborchildrenages514:
totalnumber: 26,965,074
percentage: 12% ( 2006es t.)
Unemployment,youthages1524:
total: 10.7%
male: 10.4%
female: 11.6% ( 2012es t.)
G overnment:: INDIA
Countryname:
conventionallongform: Republic ofIndia
conventionalshortform: India
locallongform: Republic ofIndia/Bhar atiy aG anar ajy a
localshortform: India/Bhar at
Governmenttype:
feder alr epublic
Capital:
name: NewDelhi
geographiccoordinates: 2836N,7712E
timedifference: UT C+5.5( 10.5hour s aheadofWas hington,DC,dur ingStandar dT ime)
Administrativedivisions:
29s tates and7unionter r itor ies *AndamanandNic obar Is lands *,Andhr aPr ades h,Ar unac halPr ades h,As s am,Bihar ,
Chandigar h*,Chhattis gar h,Dadr aandNagar Hav eli*,DamanandDiu*,Delhi*,G oa,G ujar at,Har y ana,Himac halPr ades h,
J ammuandKas hmir ,J har k hand,Kar natak a,Ker ala,Lak s hadweep*,Madhy aPr ades h,Mahar as htr a,Manipur ,Meghalay a,
Miz or am,Nagaland,O dis ha,Puduc her r y *,Punjab,Rajas than,Sik k im,T amilNadu,T elangana,T r ipur a,Uttar Pr ades h,
Uttar ak hand,Wes tBengal
note: althoughits s tatus is thatofaunionter r itor y ,theoffic ialnameofDelhiis NationalCapitalT er r itor y ofDelhi
Independence:
15Augus t1947( fr omtheUK)
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Nationalholiday:
Republic Day ,26J anuar y ( 1950)
Constitution:
pr ev ious 1935( pr eindependenc e) lates tdr aftc ompleted4Nov ember 1949,adopted26Nov ember 1949,effec tiv e26
J anuar y 1950amendedmany times ,las tin2013( 2013)
Legalsystem:
c ommonlaws y s tembas edontheEnglis hmodels epar ateper s onallawc odes apply toMus lims ,Chr is tians ,and
Hindus judic ialr ev iewoflegis lativ eac ts
Internationallaworganizationparticipation:
ac c epts c ompuls or y ICJ jur is dic tionwithr es er v ations non par ty s tatetotheICCt
Suffrage:
18y ear s ofageuniv er s al
Executivebranch:
chiefofstate: Pr es identPr anabMUKHERJ EE( s inc e22J uly 2012) Vic ePr es identMohammadHamidANSARI( s inc e
11Augus t2007)
headofgovernment: Pr imeMinis ter Nar endr aMO DI( s inc e26May 2014)
cabinet: UnionCounc ilofMinis ter s appointedby thepr es identonther ec ommendationofthepr imeminis ter
elections: pr es identelec tedby anelec tor alc ollegec ons is tingofelec tedmember s ofbothhous es ofPar liamentandthe
legis latur es ofthes tates for afiv e y ear ter m( noter mlimits ) elec tionlas theldinJ uly 2012( nex ttobeheldinJ uly 2017)
v ic epr es identelec tedby bothhous es ofPar liamentfor afiv e y ear ter melec tionlas theldinAugus t2012( nex ttobeheldin
Augus t2017) pr imeminis ter c hos enby par liamentar y member s ofthemajor ity par ty followinglegis lativ eelec tions
electionresults: Pr anabMUKHERJ EEelec tedpr es identper c entofv ote Pr anabMUKHERJ EE69.31% ,Pur noSANG MA
30.69%
Legislativebranch:
description: bic amer alPar liamentor Sans adc ons is ts oftheCounc ilofStates or Rajy aSabha( 245s eats 233
member s indir ec tly elec tedby s tateandter r itor ialas s emblies by pr opor tionalr epr es entationv ote,and12member s appointed
by thepr es identmember s s er v e6 y ear ter ms ) andthePeople's As s embly or Lok Sabha( 545s eats 543member s dir ec tly
elec tedins ingle s eatc ons tituenc ies by s implemajor ity v oteand2appointedby thepr es identmember s s er v e5 y ear ter ms )
elections: People's As s embly las theldApr il May 2014in10phas es ( nex tmus tbeheldby May 2019)
electionresults: People's As s embly per c entofv oteby par ty NA,s eats by par ty BJ P282,INC44,AIADMK37,
AIT C34,BJ D20,SS18,T DP16,T RS11,CPI( M) 9,YSRC9,LJ P6,NCP6,SP5,AAP4,RJ D4,SAD4,independents 3,
other 31
Judicialbranch:
highestcourt(s): Supr emeCour t( thec hiefjus tic eand25as s oc iatejus tic es ) note par liamentappr ov edan
additional5judges in2008
judgeselectionandtermofoffice: jus tic es appointedby thepr es identtos er v euntilage65
subordinatecourts: HighCour ts Dis tr ic tCour ts Labour Cour t
note: inmid 2011,Indias Cabinetappr ov edthe"NationalMis s ionfor J us tic eDeliv er y andLegalRefor m"toeliminate
judic ialc or r uptionandr educ ethebac k logofc as es
Politicalpartiesandleaders:
AamAadmiPar ty or AAP[Ar v indKEJ RIWAL]
AllIndiaAnnaDr av idaMunnetr aKaz hagamor AIADMK[J .J AYALALIT HAA]
AllIndiaT r inamoolCongr es s or AIT C[MamataBANERJ EE]
BahujanSamajPar ty or BSP[MAYAWAT I]
Bhar atiy aJ anataPar ty or BJ P[AmitSHAH]
BijuJ anataDalor BJ D[Nav eenPAT NAIK]
Communis tPar ty ofIndiaor CPI[Sur av ar amSudhak ar REDDY,Sec r etar y G ener al]
Communis tPar ty ofIndia Mar x is tor CPI( M) [Pr ak as hKARAT ]
Dr av idaMunnetr aKaz hagamor DMK[M.KARUNANIDHI]
IndianNationalCongr es s or INC[SoniaG ANDHI]
J anataDal( United) or J D( U) [Shar adYADAV]
Lok J ans hak tiPar ty ( LJ P) [RamVilas PASWAN]
Nationalis tCongr es s Par ty or NCP[Shar adPAWAR]
Ras htr iy aJ anataDalor RJ D[LaluPr as adYADAV]
Ras htr iy aLok Dalor RLD[AjitSING H]
SamajwadiPar ty or SP[Mulay amSinghYADAV]
Shir omaniAk aliDalor SAD[Par k as hSinghBADAL]
Shiv Senaor SS[Uddhav T HACKERAY]
T eleganaRas htr aSamithi( T RS) [K.Chandr as hek ar RAO ]
T eluguDes amPar ty or T DP[Chandr ababuNAIDU]
YSRCongr es s ( YSRC) [J aganmohanREDDY]
note: Indiahas doz ens ofnationalandr egionalpolitic alpar ties
Politicalpressuregroupsandleaders:
AllPar ties Hur r iy atConfer enc eintheKas hmir Valley ( s epar atis tgr oup)
Bajr angDal( r eligious or ganiz ation)
IndiaAgains tCor r uption[AnnaHAZ ARE]
J amiatUlema eHind[MahmoodMADANI]( r eligious or ganiz ation)
Ras htr iy aSway ams ev ak Sangh[MohanBHAG WAT ]( nationalis tor ganiz ation)
Vis hwaHinduPar is had[As hok SING HAL]( r eligious or ganiz ation)
other: hundr eds ofs oc ialr efor m,anti c or r uption,andenv ir onmentalgr oups ats tateandloc allev elnumer ous r eligious or
militant/c hauv inis tic or ganiz ations v ar ious s epar atis tgr oups s eek inggr eater c ommunaland/or r egionalautonomy
Internationalorganizationparticipation:
ADB,AfDB( nonr egionalmember ) ,Ar c tic Counc il( obs er v er ) ,ARF ,ASEAN( dialoguepar tner ) ,BIMST EC,BIS,BRICS,
C,CD,CERN( obs er v er ) ,CICA,CP,EAS,F AO ,F AT F ,G 15,G 20,G 24,G 5,G 77,IAEA,IBRD,ICAO ,ICC( national
c ommittees ) ,ICRM,IDA,IF AD,IF C,IF RCS,IHO ,ILO ,IMF ,IMO ,IMSO ,Inter pol,IO C,IO M,IPU,ISO ,IT SO ,IT U,IT UC
( NG O s ) ,LAS( obs er v er ) ,MIG A,MINURSO ,MO NUSCO ,NAM,O AS( obs er v er ) ,O ECD,O PCW,Pac ific Allianc e( obs er v er ) ,
PCA,PIF ( par tner ) ,SAARC,SACEP,SCO ( obs er v er ) ,UN,UNCT AD,UNDO F ,UNESCO ,UNHCR,UNIDO ,UNIF IL,UNISF A,
UNIT AR,UNMISS,UNO CI,UNWT O ,UPU,WCO ,WF T U( NG O s ) ,WHO ,WIPO ,WMO ,WT O
DiplomaticrepresentationintheUS:
chiefofmission: ambas s ador ( v ac ant) Char ged'Affair es T ar anjitSinghSANDHU( s inc e9F ebr uar y 2015)
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chancery: 2107Mas s ac hus etts Av enueNW,Was hington,DC20008note Cons ular Wingloc atedat2536Mas s ac hus etts
Av enueNW,Was hington,DC20008
telephone: [1]( 202) 939 7000
FAX: [1]( 202) 483 3972
consulate(s)general: Atlanta,Chic ago,Hous ton,NewYor k ,SanF r anc is c o
DiplomaticrepresentationfromtheUS:
chiefofmission: Ambas s ador Ric har dRahulVERMA( s inc e16J anuar y 2015)
embassy: Shantipath,Chanak y apur i,NewDelhi110021
mailingaddress: us eembas s y s tr eetaddr es s
telephone: [91]( 11) 2419 8000
FAX: [91]( 11) 2419 0017
consulate(s)general: Chennai( Madr as ) ,Hy der abad,Kolk ata( Calc utta) ,Mumbai( Bombay )
Flagdescription:
thr eeequalhor iz ontalbands ofs affr on( s ubduedor ange) ( top) ,white,andgr een,withabluec hak r a( 24 s pok ed
wheel) c enter edinthewhitebands affr onr epr es ents c our age,s ac r ific e,andthes pir itofr enunc iationwhites ignifies
pur ity andtr uthgr eens tands for faithandfer tility thebluec hak r as y mboliz es thewheeloflifeinmov ementanddeathin
s tagnation
note: s imilar totheflagofNiger ,whic hhas as mallor angedis k c enter edinthewhiteband
Nationalsymbol(s):
theLionCapitalofAs hok a,whic hdepic ts four As iatic lions s tandingbac k tobac k mountedonac ir c ular abac us ,is the
offic ialemblemBengaltiger lotus flower nationalc olor s :s affr on,white,gr een
Nationalanthem:
name: "J ana G ana Mana"( T houAr ttheRuler oftheMinds ofAllPeople)
lyrics/music: Rabindr anathT AG O RE
note: adopted1950Rabindr anathT AG O RE,aNobellaur eate,als owr oteBanglades h's nationalanthem
1:03
Economy:: INDIA
Economyoverview:
Indiais dev elopingintoanopen mar k etec onomy ,y ettr ac es ofits pas tautar k ic polic ies r emain.Ec onomic
liber aliz ationmeas ur es ,inc ludingindus tr ialder egulation,pr iv atiz ationofs tate ownedenter pr is es ,andr educ edc ontr ols on
for eigntr adeandinv es tment,beganintheear ly 1990s ands er v edtoac c eler atethec ountr y 's gr owth,whic hav er aged
under 7% per y ear fr om1997to2011.India's div er s eec onomy enc ompas s es tr aditionalv illagefar ming,moder nagr ic ultur e,
handic r afts ,awider angeofmoder nindus tr ies ,andamultitudeofs er v ic es .Slightly les s thanhalfofthewor k for c eis in
agr ic ultur e,but,s er v ic es ar ethemajor s our c eofec onomic gr owth,ac c ountingfor near ly two thir ds ofIndia's outputwith
les s thanone thir dofits labor for c e.Indiahas c apitaliz edonits lar geeduc atedEnglis h s peak ingpopulationtobec omea
major ex por ter ofinfor mationtec hnology s er v ic es ,bus ines s outs our c ings er v ic es ,ands oftwar ewor k er s .India's ec onomic
gr owthbegans lowingin2011bec aus eofadec lineininv es tment,c aus edby highinter es tr ates ,r is inginflation,and
inv es tor pes s imis maboutthegov er nment's c ommitmenttofur ther ec onomic r efor ms andabouttheglobals ituation.T he
outlook for India's long ter mgr owthis moder ately pos itiv eduetoay oungpopulationandc or r es pondinglowdependenc y
r atio,healthy s av ings andinv es tmentr ates ,andinc r eas ingintegr ationintotheglobalec onomy .Howev er ,Indiahas many
c hallenges thatithas y ettofully addr es s ,inc ludingpov er ty ,c or r uption,v iolenc eanddis c r iminationagains twomenand
gir ls ,anineffic ientpower gener ationanddis tr ibutions y s tem,ineffec tiv eenfor c ementofintellec tualpr oper ty r ights ,
dec ades longc iv illitigationdoc k ets ,inadequatetr ans por tandagr ic ultur alinfr as tr uc tur e,limitednon agr ic ultur al
employ mentoppor tunities ,highs pendingandpoor ly tar geteds ubs idies ,inadequateav ailability ofquality bas ic andhigher
educ ation,andac c ommodatingr ur al to ur banmigr ation.G r owthin2014felltoadec adelow,as India's ec onomic leader s
s tr uggledtoimpr ov ethec ountr y 's widefis c alandc ur r entac c ountdefic its .Ris ingmac r oec onomic imbalanc es inIndiaand
impr ov ingec onomic c onditions inWes ter nc ountr ies ,ledinv es tor s tos hiftc apitalaway fr omIndia,pr omptingas har p
depr ec iationofther upee.Howev er ,inv es tor s 'per c eptions ofIndiaimpr ov edinear ly 2014,duetoar educ tionofthec ur r ent
ac c ountdefic itandex pec tations ofpos t elec tionec onomic r efor m,r es ultinginas ur geofinboundc apitalflows and
s tabiliz ationofther upee.
GDP(purchasingpowerparity):
$7.277tr illion( 2014es t.)
note: dataar ein2014USdollar s
GDP(officialexchangerate):
GDPrealgrowthrate:
5.6% ( 2014es t.)
5% ( 2013es t.)
4.7% ( 2012es t.)
GDPpercapita(PPP):
$5,800( 2014es t.)
$5,500( 2013es t.)
$5,300( 2012es t.)
note: dataar ein2013USdollar s
Grossnationalsaving:
30.1% ofG DP( 2014es t.)
29.7% ofG DP( 2013es t.)
30% ofG DP( 2012es t.)
GDPcomposition,byenduse:
householdconsumption: 57%
governmentconsumption: 12%
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TheWorldFactbook
investmentinfixedcapital: 27.4%
investmentininventories: 6.6%
exportsofgoodsandservices: 26.1%
importsofgoodsandservices: 29.1%
( 2014es t.)
GDPcomposition,bysectoroforigin:
agriculture: 17.9%
industry: 24.2%
services: 57.9% ( 2014es t.)
Agricultureproducts:
r ic e,wheat,oils eed,c otton,jute,tea,s ugar c ane,lentils ,onions ,potatoes dair y pr oduc ts ,s heep,goats ,poultr y fis h
Industries:
tex tiles ,c hemic als ,foodpr oc es s ing,s teel,tr ans por tationequipment,c ement,mining,petr oleum,mac hiner y ,s oftwar e,
phar mac eutic als
Industrialproductiongrowthrate:
3.8% ( 2014es t.)
Laborforce:
502.2million( 2014es t.)
Laborforcebyoccupation:
agriculture: 49%
industry: 20%
services: 31% ( 2012es t.)
Unemploymentrate:
8.6% ( 2014es t.)
9.1% ( 2013es t.)
Populationbelowpovertyline:
29.8% ( 2010es t.)
Householdincomeorconsumptionbypercentageshare:
lowest10%: 3.6%
highest10%: 31.1% ( 2005)
DistributionoffamilyincomeGiniindex:
36.8( 2004)
37.8( 1997)
Budget:
revenues: $185.7billion
expenditures: $288.8billion( 2014es t.)
Taxesandotherrevenues:
9.1% ofG DP( 2014es t.)
Budgetsurplus(+)ordeficit():
5% ofG DP( 2014es t.)
Publicdebt:
51.3% ofG DP( 2014es t.)
51.4% ofG DP( 2013es t.)
note: datac ov er c entr algov er nmentdebt,andex c ludedebtins tr uments is s ued( or owned) by gov er nmententities other
thanthetr eas ur y thedatainc ludetr eas ur y debtheldby for eignentities thedataex c ludedebtis s uedby s ubnational
entities ,as wellas intr a gov er nmentaldebtintr a gov er nmentaldebtc ons is ts oftr eas ur y bor r owings fr oms ur plus es inthe
s oc ialfunds ,s uc has for r etir ement,medic alc ar e,andunemploy mentdebtins tr uments for thes oc ialfunds ar enots oldat
public auc tions
Fiscalyear:
1Apr il 31Mar c h
Inflationrate(consumerprices):
8% ( 2014es t.)
10% ( 2013es t.)
Centralbankdiscountrate:
7.75% ( 31Dec ember 2013)
8% ( 31Dec ember 2010)
note: this is theIndianc entr albank 's polic y r ate ther epur c has er ate
Commercialbankprimelendingrate:
10.3% ( 31Dec ember 2014es t.)
10.33% ( 31Dec ember 2013es t.)
Stockofnarrowmoney:
$364billion( 31Dec ember 2014es t.)
$308.9billion( 31Dec ember 2013es t.)
Stockofbroadmoney:
$1.664tr illion( 31Dec ember 2014es t.)
Stockofdomesticcredit:
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TheWorldFactbook
Marketvalueofpubliclytradedshares:
$1.015tr illion( 31Dec ember 2011)
Currentaccountbalance:
$42.99billion( 2014es t.)
Exports:
Exportscommodities:
petr oleumpr oduc ts ,pr ec ious s tones ,mac hiner y ,ir onands teel,c hemic als ,v ehic les ,appar el
Exportspartners:
US12.4% ,UAE10.2% ,China4.7% ,Singapor e4.3% ,HongKong4.1% ( 2013)
Imports:
Importscommodities:
c r udeoil,pr ec ious s tones ,mac hiner y ,fer tiliz er ,ir onands teel,c hemic als
Importspartners:
China11% ,SaudiAr abia7.8% ,UAE7.1% ,Switz er land5.5% ,US4.8% ,Ir aq4.3% ( 2013)
Reservesofforeignexchangeandgold:
Debtexternal:
Stockofdirectforeigninvestmentathome:
Stockofdirectforeigninvestmentabroad:
Exchangerates:
Indianr upees ( INR) per USdollar
60.3( 2014es t.)
58.598( 2013es t.)
53.44( 2012es t.)
46.671( 2011es t.)
45.726( 2010es t.)
Energy:: INDIA
Electricityproduction:
974.9billionk Wh( 2011es t.)
Electricityconsumption:
Electricityexports:
128millionk Wh( 2011es t.)
Electricityimports:
Electricityinstalledgeneratingcapacity:
223.3millionk W( 31Mar c h2012es t.)
Electricityfromfossilfuels:
67.9% oftotalins talledc apac ity ( 31Mar c h2012es t.)
Electricityfromnuclearfuels:
Electricityfromhydroelectricplants:
Electricityfromotherrenewablesources:
Crudeoilproduction:
8/11
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TheWorldFactbook
759,300bbl/day ( 2013es t.)
Crudeoilprovedreserves:
5.591billionbbl( 1J anuar y 2014es t.)
Refinedpetroleumproductsproduction:
4.433millionbbl/day ( 2013)
Refinedpetroleumproductsconsumption:
3.158millionbbl/day ( 2013es t.)
Refinedpetroleumproductsexports:
1.38millionbbl/day ( 2013es t.)
Refinedpetroleumproductsimports:
312,000bbl/day ( 2013es t.)
Naturalgasproduction:
36billionc um( 2013es t.)
Naturalgasconsumption:
53.98billionc um( 2013es t.)
Naturalgasexports:
0c um( 2012es t.)
Naturalgasimports:
17.98billionc um( 2013es t.)
Naturalgasprovedreserves:
1.427tr illionc um( 1J anuar y 2014es t.)
Carbondioxideemissionsfromconsumptionofenergy:
1.831billionMt( 2012es t.)
Communications:: INDIA
Telephonesmainlinesinuse:
31.08million( 2012)
Telephonesmobilecellular:
893.862million( 2013)
Telephonesystem:
generalassessment: s uppor tedby r ec entder egulationandliber aliz ationoftelec ommunic ations laws andpolic ies ,
Indiahas emer gedas oneofthefas tes tgr owingtelec ommar k ets inthewor ldtotaltelephones ubs c r iber s hipbas eex c eeded
900millionin2011,anov er allteledens ity ofr oughly 75% ,ands ubs c r iber s hipis c ur r ently gr owingmor ethan20millionper
monthur banteledens ity nowex c eeds 100% andr ur alteledens ity is s teadily gr owing
domestic: mobilec ellular s er v ic eintr oduc edin1994andor ganiz ednationwideintofour metr opolitanar eas and19telec om
c ir c les eac hwithmultiplepr iv ates er v ic epr ov ider s andoneor mor es tate owneds er v ic epr ov ider s inr ec enty ear s
s ignific anttr unk c apac ity addedinthefor moffiber optic c ableandoneofthewor ld's lar ges tdomes tic s atellites y s tems ,the
IndianNationalSatellites y s tem( INSAT ) ,with6s atellites s uppor ting33,000v er y s mallaper tur eter minals ( VSAT )
international: c ountr y c ode 91anumber ofmajor inter nationals ubmar inec ables y s tems ,inc ludingSea Me We 3with
landings ites atCoc hinandMumbai( Bombay ) ,Sea Me We 4withalandings iteatChennai,F iber O ptic Link Ar oundthe
G lobe( F LAG ) withalandings iteatMumbai( Bombay ) ,SouthAfr ic a F ar Eas t( SAF E) withalandings iteatCoc hin,thei2i
c ablenetwor k link ingtoSingapor ewithlandings ites atMumbai( Bombay ) andChennai( Madr as ) ,andT ataIndic omlink ing
Singapor eandChennai( Madr as ) ,pr ov ideas ignific antinc r eas einthebandwidthav ailablefor bothv oic eanddatatr affic
s atelliteear ths tations 8Intels at( IndianO c ean) and1Inmar s at( IndianO c eanr egion) 9gateway ex c hanges oper ating
fr omMumbai( Bombay ) ,NewDelhi,Kolk ata( Calc utta) ,Chennai( Madr as ) ,J alandhar ,Kanpur ,G andhinagar ,Hy der abad,and
Er nak ulam( 2011)
Broadcastmedia:
Door dar s han,India's public T Vnetwor k ,oper ates about20national,r egional,andloc als er v ic es alar geand
inc r eas ingnumber ofpr iv ately ownedT Vs tations ar edis tr ibutedby c ableands atellites er v ic epr ov ider s by 2011,mor e
than100millionhomes hadac c es s toc ableands atelliteT Voffer ingmor ethan700T Vc hannels gov er nmentc ontr ols AM
r adiowithAllIndiaRadiooper atingdomes tic andex ter nalnetwor k s news br oadc as ts v iar adioar elimitedtotheAllIndia
RadioNetwor k s inc e2000,pr iv ately ownedF Ms tations hav ebeenper mittedandtheir number s hav einc r eas edr apidly
( 2007)
Radiobroadcaststations:
AM149,F M171,s hor twav e54( 2009)
Televisionbroadcaststations:
1,400( 2009)
Internetcountrycode:
.in
Internethosts:
6.746million( 2012)
Internetusers:
61.338million( 2009)
Airports:
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TheWorldFactbook
Transportation:: INDIA
346( 2013)
Airportswithpavedrunways:
total: 253
over3,047m: 22
2,438to3,047m: 59
1,524to2,437m: 76
914to1,523m: 82
under914m: 14( 2013)
Airportswithunpavedrunways:
total: 93
over3,047m: 1
2,438to3,047m: 3
1,524to2,437m: 6
914to1,523m: 38
under914m:
45( 2013)
Heliports:
45( 2013)
Pipelines:
c ondens ate/gas 9k mgas 13,581k mliquidpetr oleumgas 2,054k moil8,943k moil/gas /water 20k mr efined
pr oduc ts 11,069k m( 2013)
Railways:
total: 64,600k m
broadgauge: 55,956k m1.676 mgauge
narrowgauge: 6,347k m1.000 mgauge2,297k m0.762 mgaugeand0.610 mgauge( 2012)
Roadways:
total: 4,689,842k m
note: inc ludes 79,116k mofnationalhighway s andex pr es s way s ,155,716k mofs tatehighway s ,and4,455,010k mof
other r oads ( 2013)
Waterways:
14,500k m( 5,200k monmajor r iv er s and485k monc anals s uitablefor mec haniz edv es s els ) ( 2012)
Merchantmarine:
total: 340
bytype: bulk c ar r ier 104,c ar go78,c hemic altank er 22,c ontainer 14,liquefiedgas 11,pas s enger 4,pas s enger /c ar go15,
petr oleumtank er 92
foreignowned: 10( China1,HongKong2,J er s ey 2,Malay s ia1,UAE4)
registeredinothercountries: 76( Cy pr us 4,Dominic a2,Liber ia8,Malta3,Mar s hallIs lands 10,Niger ia1,Panama24,
SaintKitts andNev is 2,Singapor e21,unk nown1) ( 2010)
Portsandterminals:
majorseaport(s): Chennai,J awahar alNehr uPor t,Kandla,Kolk ata( Calc utta) ,Mumbai( Bombay ) ,Sik k a,
Vis hak hapatnam
containerport(s)(TEUs): Chennai( 1,558,343) ,J awahar alNehr uPor t( 4,307,622)
LNGterminal(s)(import): Dahej,Haz ir a
Military:: INDIA
Militarybranches:
Ar my Nav y ( inc ludes nav alair ar m) Air F or c eCoas tG uar d( 2011)
Militaryserviceageandobligation:
16 18y ear s ofagefor v oluntar y militar y s er v ic e( Ar my 171/2,Air F or c e17,Nav y 161/2) noc ons c r iptionwomen
may joinas offic er s ,butfor nonc ombatr oles only ( 2012)
Manpoweravailableformilitaryservice:
malesage1649: 319,129,420
femalesage1649: 296,071,637( 2010es t.)
Manpowerfitformilitaryservice:
malesage1649: 249,531,562
femalesage1649: 240,039,958( 2010es t.)
Manpowerreachingmilitarilysignificantageannually:
male: 12,151,065
female: 10,745,891( 2010es t.)
Militaryexpenditures:
2.4% ofG DP( 2013)
2.5% ofG DP( 2012)
2.6% ofG DP( 2011)
2.7% ofG DP( 2010)
TransnationalIssues:: INDIA
Disputesinternational:
s inc eChinaandIndialaunc hedas ec ur ity andfor eignpolic y dialoguein2005,c ons olidateddis c us s ions r elatedtothe
dis puteov er mos toftheir r ugged,militar iz edboundar y ,r egionalnuc lear pr olifer ation,Indianc laims thatChinatr ans fer r ed
mis s iles toPak is tan,andother matter s c ontinueKas hmir r emains thes iteofthewor ld's lar ges tandmos tmilitar iz ed
ter r itor ialdis putewithpor tions under thedefac toadminis tr ationofChina( Ak s aiChin) ,India( J ammuandKas hmir ) ,and
10/11
4/30/2015
TheWorldFactbook
Pak is tan( Az adKas hmir andNor ther nAr eas ) IndiaandPak is tanr es umedbilater aldialogueinF ebr uar y 2011after atwo
y ear hiatus ,hav emaintainedthe2003c eas e fir einKas hmir ,andc ontinuetohav edis putes ov er water s har ingoftheIndus
Riv er andits tr ibutar ies UNMilitar y O bs er v er G r oupinIndiaandPak is tanhas maintainedas mallgr oupofpeac ek eeper s
s inc e1949Indiadoes notr ec ogniz ePak is tan's c edinghis tor ic Kas hmir lands toChinain1964todefus etens ions and
pr epar efor dis c us s ions onamar itimeboundar y ,IndiaandPak is tans eek tec hnic alr es olutionofthedis putedboundar y in
Sir Cr eek es tuar y atthemouthoftheRannofKutc hintheAr abianSeaPak is tanimaps c ontinuetos howits J unagadh
c laiminIndianG ujar atStatePr imeMinis ter Singh's September 2011v is ittoBanglades hr es ultedinthes igningofa
Pr otoc oltothe1974LandBoundar y Agr eementbetweenIndiaandBanglades h,whic hhadc alledfor thes ettlementof
longs tandingboundar y dis putes ov er undemar c atedar eas andtheex c hangeofter r itor ialenc lav es ,butwhic hhadnev er
beenimplementedBanglades hr efer r edits mar itimeboundar y c laims withBur maandIndiatotheInter nationalT r ibunalon
theLawoftheSeaJ ointBor der CommitteewithNepalc ontinues toex aminec ontes tedboundar y s ec tions ,inc ludingthe
400s qk mdis puteov er thes our c eoftheKalapaniRiv er Indiamaintains as tr ic tbor der r egimetok eepoutMaois t
ins ur gents andc ontr olillegalc r os s bor der ac tiv ities fr omNepal
Refugeesandinternallydisplacedpersons:
refugees(countryoforigin): 109,015( T ibet/China) 65,373( Sr iLank a) 12,625( Bur ma) 10,438( Afghanis tan)
( 2014)
IDPs: atleas t531,000( about250,000ar eKas hmir iPandits fr omJ ammuandKas hmir ) ( 2014)
Illicitdrugs:
wor ld's lar ges tpr oduc er oflic itopiumfor thephar mac eutic altr ade,butanundeter minedquantity ofopiumis div er ted
toillic itinter nationaldr ugmar k ets tr ans itpointfor illic itnar c otic s pr oduc edinneighbor ingc ountr ies andthr oughout
Southwes tAs iaillic itpr oduc er ofmethaqualonev ulner abletonar c otic s money launder ingthr oughthehawalas y s temlic it
k etamineandpr ec ur s or pr oduc tion
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