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PROBLEM SOLUTIONS: Chapter 1

Problem 1.1
Part (a):
Rc =

lc
lc
=
=0
Ac
r 0 Ac

A/Wb

Rg =

g
= 1.017 106
0 Ac

A/Wb

part (b):
=

NI
= 1.224 104
Rc + Rg

Wb

part (c):
= N = 1.016 102

Wb

part (d):
L=

= 6.775 mH
I

Problem 1.2
part (a):
Rc =

lc
lc
=
= 1.591 105
Ac
r 0 Ac

Rg =

g
= 1.017 106
0 Ac

A/Wb

A/Wb

part (b):
=

NI
= 1.059 104
Rc + Rg

Wb

part (c):
= N = 8.787 103

Wb

part (d):
L=

= 5.858 mH
I

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2
Problem 1.3
part (a):
N=

Lg
= 110 turns
0 Ac

part (b):
I=

Bcore
= 16.6 A
0 N/g

Problem 1.4
part (a):
N=

L(g + lc 0 /)
=
0 Ac

L(g + lc 0 /(r 0 ))
= 121 turns
0 Ac

part (b):
I=

Bcore
= 18.2 A
0 N/(g + lc 0 /)

Problem 1.5
part (a):

part (b):
3499
= 730
r = 1 + p
1 + 0.047(2.2)7.8
I=B

g + 0 lc /
0 N

= 65.8 A

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3
part (c):

Problem 1.6
part (a):
Hg =

NI
;
2g

Bc =

Ag
Ac



x
Bg = Bg 1
X0

part (b): Equations

2gHg + Hc lc = N I;

Bg Ag = Bc Ac

and
Bg = 0 Hg ;

Bc = Hc

can be combined to give

N
I
N
I
=

  
 

Bg =
Ag
0
x
2g + 0
2g
+
1

(l
+
l
)
(l
+
l
)
c
p
c
p
Ac

X0
Problem 1.7
part (a):

part (b):

g+

I = B

(lc + lp )

0 N

= 2.15 A



1199
= 0 1 +
= 1012 0
1 + 0.05B 8

I = B

g+

(lc + lp )

0 N

= 3.02 A

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4
part (c):

Problem 1.8
g=

0 N 2 Ac
L

lc = 0.353 mm

Problem 1.9
part (a):
lc = 2(Ro Ri ) g = 3.57 cm;

Ac = (Ro Ri )h = 1.2 cm2

part (b):
Rg =

g
= 1.33 107
0 Ac

A/Wb;

Rc = 0

A/Wb;

part (c):
L=

N2
= 0.319 mH
Rg + Rg

part (d):
I=

Bg (Rc + Rg )Ac
= 33.1 A
N

part (e):
= N Bg Ac = 10.5 mWb
Problem 1.10
part (a): Same as Problem 1.9
part (b):
Rg =

g
= 1.33 107
0 Ac

A/Wb;

Rc =

lc
= 3.16 105
Ac

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A/Wb

5
part (c):
N2
= 0.311 mH
Rg + Rg

L=
part (d):
I=

Bg (Rc + Rg )Ac
= 33.8 A
N

part (e): Same as Problem 1.9.

Problem 1.11

Minimum r = 340.
Problem 1.12
L=

0 N 2 Ac
g + lc /r

Problem 1.13
L=

0 N 2 Ac
= 30.5 mH
g + lc /r

Problem 1.14
part (a):
Vrms =

N Ac Bpeak

= 19.2 V rms
2

part (b):
Irms =

Vrms
= 1.67 A rms;
L

Wpeak = 0.5L( 2 Irms )2 = 8.50 mJ

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6
Problem 1.15
part (a):
R3 =
part (b):
L=

q
R12 + R22 = 4.27 cm

0 Ag N 2
  = 251 mH
g + 0 lc

part (c): For = 260 rad/sec and peak = N Ag Bpeak = 0.452 Wb:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

Vrms = peak = 171 V rms

Vrms
Irms =
= 1.81 A rms
L
Wpeak = 0.5L( 2Irms )2 = 0.817 J

part (d): For = 250 rad/sec and peak = N Ag Bpeak = 0.452 Wb:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

Vrms = peak = 142 V rms

Vrms
Irms =
= 1.81 A rms
L
Wpeak = 0.5L( 2Irms )2 = 0.817 J

Problem 1.16
part (a):

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7
part (b):
Emax = 4f N Ac Bpeak = 345 V
Problem 1.17
part (a):
N=

LI
= 99 turns;
Ac Bsat

g=

0 N I
0 lc
= 0.36 mm

Bsat

part (b): From Eq.3.21

Wgap =

2
Ac gBsat
= 0.207 J;
20

Wcore =

2
Ac lc Bsat
= 0.045 J
2

Thus Wtot = Wgap + Wcore = 0.252 J. From Eq. 1.47, (1/2)LI 2 = 0.252 J.
Q.E.D.
Problem 1.18
part (a): Minimum inductance = 4 mH, for which g = 0.0627 mm, N =
20 turns and Vrms = 6.78 V
part (b): Maximum inductance = 144 mH, for which g = 4.99 mm, N =
1078 turns and Vrms = 224 V
Problem 1.19
part (a):
L=

0 a2 N 2
= 56.0 mH
2r

part (b): Core volume Vcore (2r)a2 = 40.0 m3 . Thus

 2
B
W = Vcore
= 4.87 J
20
part (c): For T = 30 sec,
di
(2rB)/(0 N )
=
= 2.92 103
dt
T
v=L

A/sec

di
= 163 V
dt

Problem 1.20
part (a):
Acu = fw ab;

Volcu = 2ab(w + h + 2a)

part (b):

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B = 0

Jcu Acu
g

part (c):
Jcu =

NI
Acu

part (d):
2
Pdiss = Volcu Jcu

part (e):
Wmag = Volgap

B2
20

= gwh

B2
20

part (f):
L
=
R

1
2
2
LI
1
2
2 RI

0 whA2cu
Wmag
2Wmag


=
=
Pdiss
gVolcu
Pdiss

1
2

Problem 1.21
Using the equations of Problem 1.20
Pdiss = 115 W
I = 3.24 A
N = 687 turns
R = 10.8
= 6.18 msec
Wire size = 23 AWG
Problem 1.22
part (a):

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

B1 =

0 N1 I1
;
g1

B2 =

0 N1 I1
g2
0 N12

1 = N1 (A1 B1 + A2 B2 ) =
 
A2
I1
2 = N2 A2 B2 = 0 N1 N2
g2

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A1
A2
+
g1
g2

I1

9
part (b):

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

B1 = 0;

B2 =

0 N2 I2
g2


A2
1 = N1 A2 B2 = 0 N1 N2
I2
g2
 
A2
2 = N2 A2 B2 = 0 N22
I2
g2


part (c):

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

0 N1 I1
0 N2 I2
+
g2
g
 

 2
A2
A2
A
1
2
+
1 = N1 (A1 B1 + A2 B2 ) = 0 N1
I1 + 0 N1 N2
I2
g1
g2
g2
 
 
A2
A2
2 = N2 A2 B2 = 0 N1 N2
I1 + 0 N22
I2
g2
g2
B1 =

0 N1 I1
;
g1

B2 =

part (d):
L11 = N12

A1
A2
+
g1
g2

L22 = 0 N22

A2
g2

L12 = 0 N1 N2

Problem 1.23

RA =

lA
;
Ac

R1 =

l1
;
Ac

R2 =

l2
;
Ac

Rg =

g
0 Ac

part (a):
L11 =

N12 Ac
N12
=
R1 + R2 + Rg + RA /2
l1 + l2 + lA /2 + g (/0 )

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A2
g2

10

LAA = LBB =



N 2 Ac
lA + l1 + l2 + g (/0 )
N2
=
RA + RA ||(R1 + R2 + Rg )
lA
lA + 2(l1 + l2 + g (/0 ))

part (b):
LAB = LBA



N 2 Ac
N 2 (R1 + R2 + Rg )
l1 + l2 + g (/0 )
=
=
RA (RA + 2(R1 + R2 + Rg ))
lA
lA + 2(l1 + l2 + g (/0 ))

LA1 = L1A = LB1 = L1B =

N N1
N N1 Ac
=
RA + 2(R1 + R2 + Rg )
lA + 2(l1 + l2 + g (/0 ))

part (c):
v1 =

d
d
[LA1 iA + LB1 iB ] = LA1 [iA iB ]
dt
dt

Q.E.D.
Problem 1.24
part (a):
L12 =

0 N1 N2
[D(w x)]
2g

part (b):

v2



N1 N2 0 D dx
d2
dL12
= I0
=
dt
dt
2g
dt


N1 N2 0 D  w 
=
cos t
2g
2

Problem 1.25
part (a):
H=

N1 i1
N1 i1
=
2(Ro + Ri )/2
(Ro + Ri )

v2 =

d
dB
[N2 (tn)B] = N2 tn
dt
dt

part (b):

part (c):
vo = G

v2 dt = GN2 tnB

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11
Problem 1.26
Rg =

g
= 4.42 105
0 Ag

A/Wb;

Rc =

lc
333
=
A/Wb
Ag

Want Rg 0.05Rc 1.2 104 0 . By inspection of Fig. 1.10, this will be

true for B 1.66 T (approximate since the curve isnt that detailed).
Problem 1.27
part (a):
N1 =

Vpeak
= 57 turns
t(Ro Ri )Bpeak

part (b):
(i)
(ii)

Vo,peak
= 0.833 T
GN2 t(Ro Ri )
V1 = N1 t(Ro Ri )Bpeak = 6.25 V, peak

Bpeak =

Problem 1.28
part (a): From the M-5 magnetization curve, for B = 1.2 T, Hm = 14 A/m.
Similarly, Hg = B/0 = 9.54 105 A/m. Thus, with I1 = I2 = I
I=

Hm (lA + lC g) + Hg g
= 38.2 A
N1

part (b):
Wgap =

gAgap B 2
= 3.21 Joules
20

part (c):
= 2N1 AA B = 0.168 Wb;

L=

= 4.39 mH
I

Problem 1.29
part (a):

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12
part (b): Area = 191 Joules
part (c): Core loss = 1.50 W/kg.
Problem 1.30
Brms = 1.1 T and f = 60 Hz,
Vrms = N Ac Brms = 46.7 V
Core volume = Ac lc = 1.05 103 m3 . Mass density = 7.65 103 kg/m3 .
Thus, the core mass = (1.05 103 )(7.65 103 ) = 8.03 kg.
At B = 1.1 T rms = 1.56 T peak, core loss density = 1.3 W/kg and rms
VA density is 2.0 VA/kg. Thus, the core loss = 1.3 8.03 = 10.4 W. The total
exciting VAfor the core is 2.0 8.03 = 16.0 VA. Thus, its reactive component
is given by 16.02 10.42 = 12.2 VAR.
The rms energy storage in the air gap is
Wgap =

2
gAc Brms
= 3.61 Joules
0

corresponding to an rms reactive power of

VARgap = Wgap = 1361 Joules
Thus, the total rms exciting VA for the magnetic circuit is
VArms = sqrt10.42 + (1361 + 12.2)2 = 1373 VA
and the rms current is Irms = VArms /Vrms = 29.4 A.
Problem 1.31
part(a): Area increases by a factor of 4. Thus the voltage increases by a
factor of 4 to e = 1096cos377t.
part (b): lc doubles therefore so does the current. Thus I = 0.26 A.
part (c): Volume increases by a factor of 8 and voltage increases by a factor
of 4. There I,rms doubles to 0.20 A.
part (d): Volume increases by a factor of 8 as does the core loss. Thus
Pc = 128 W.
Problem 1.32
From Fig. 1.19, the maximum energy product for samarium-cobalt occurs at
(approximately) B = 0.47 T and H = -360 kA/m. Thus the maximum energy
product is 1.69 105 J/m3 .
Thus,


0.8
Am =
2 cm2 = 3.40 cm2
0.47
and

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13

lm = 0.2 cm

0.8
0 (3.60 105 )

= 0.35 cm

Thus the volume is 3.40 0.35 = 1.20 cm3 , which is a reduction by a factor
of 5.09/1.21 = 4.9.
Problem 1.33
From Fig. 1.19, the maximum energy product for neodymium-iron-boron
occurs at (approximately) B = 0.63 T and H = -470 kA/m. Thus the maximum
energy product is 2.90 105 J/m3 .
Thus,


0.8
2 cm2 = 2.54 cm2
Am =
0.63
and
lm = 0.2 cm

0.8
0 (4.70 105 )

= 0.27 cm

Thus the volume is 2.54 0.25 = 0.688 cm3 , which is a reduction by a factor
of 5.09/0.688 = 7.4.
Problem 1.34
From Fig. 1.19, the maximum energy product for samarium-cobalt occurs at
(approximately) B = 0.47 T and H = -360 kA/m. Thus the maximum energy
product is 1.69 105 J/m3 . Thus, we want Bg = 1.2 T, Bm = 0.47 T and
Hm = 360 kA/m.




Bg
Hg
hm = g
= g
= 2.65 mm
Hm
0 Hm
Am = Ag

Bg
Bm

Rm =

= 2Rh

Bg
Bm

= 26.0 cm2

Am
= 2.87 cm

Problem 1.35
From Fig. 1.19, the maximum energy product for neodymium-iron-boron occurs at (approximately) Bm = 0.63 T and Hm = -470 kA/m. The magnetization
curve for neodymium-iron-boron can be represented as
Bm = R Hm + Br
where Br = 1.26 T and R = 1.0670. The magnetic circuit must satisfy

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14

Hm d + Hg g = N i;

Bm Am = Bg Ag

part (a): For i = 0 and Bg = 0.5 T, the minimum magnet volume will occur
when the magnet is operating at the maximum energy point.


Bg
Am =
Ag = 4.76 cm2
Bm
d=

Hg
Hm

g = 1.69 mm

part (b):

i=

h 
dA
Bg R Agm +

g
0

Br d
R

For Bg = 0.75, i = 17.9 A.

For Bg = 0.25, i = 6.0 A.
Because the neodymium-iron-boron magnet is essentially linear over the operating range of this problem, the system is linear and hence a sinusoidal flux
variation will correspond to a sinusoidal current variation.

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