remember uncertainity of the apparatus

\Metre rule -> +/- 0.5mm

Vernier callipers +/-0.1mm
Micrometre Screwgauge +/-0.01mm
Stop watch +/- 0.1s
Making measurements
-Note for zero error
-Tabulate measurement
When repeating exp & getting the average, draw a graph in order to min random errors
NOTE - when finding average, random errors are ignored.
Systematic errors caused by
-Zero error
-Poor callibration
-Parallex reading
% uncertainity = [(Range/2)/average]*100

Explain why the variable resistor has been included in the circuit
A variable resistor is required to limit/vary/control the current,
so temperature/resistance (of wire) doesnt change,
to give different readings,
to plot a graph

what the student should do to make her measurements as accurate as

Possible. In measuring refractive index of a glass
Use of paper/pins to trace path of ray
Ensure there is a thin ray (from the ray box).
Comment on using centre of block
Normal drawn (at A) / measure from normal
Mark the ray, then measure the angle
Use large angles of incidence/wide range
Repeat and take average
Work in a dark room.

Criticise her results.

There is a missing unit.
There are only five sets of results/too few results.
No repeats/mean shown.
Inconsistent increase in angle / large gap between first two readings
Small range
There is inconsistent precision in incidence and/or refraction.
Inconsistent significant figure

Which of the following would minimise parallax error when timing the
ball bearing as it falls through a fixed distance in the oil?
Ans...Ensure that the observer is at eye level with the ball bearing
Explain how plotting a graph should improve his result
Graph enable average result to be taken
Graph will shoe anomalies
Graph will show if resistance changes
Advantage and disadvantage of stopwatch and data logger

The students value of g is less than the accepted value of 9.81 m s2.
Air resistance / drag
Collision with sides
Friction with side
Velocity calculated is an average rather than instantaneous
The experiment has been done in an area of the world where g is lower /
different.
Systematic errors that would lead to a low value of g
e.g.
The timer had a zero error so t was too large giving a low value of
g.
The measurement of the length of the cylinder was too large so t
was too large, giving low g.
s was too large e.g. measured to the bottom of the light gate,
giving low g
Give reason for the choice of ammeter and voltmeter
P.d. voltmeter Or multimeter on voltage range
with appropriate scale stated suitable for reading 5 V
(e.g. 5 V, 6 V, 10 V, 12 V, 15 V, 20 V, 30 V)
Ammeter Or multimeter on current range
with appropriate scale stated suitable for reading up to 100 mA
(e.g. 100 mA,150 mA, 200 mA, 300 mA, 500 mA, 600 mA, 1 A)

Comment on safety while doing experiment with circuit

Low p.d./current/power, so no danger of shock
Solar cell / variable resistor / protective resistor / lamp may get hot, so
handle with care.