ARDUINOS MODULE

What is Arduino?
Arduino is a tool for making computers that can sense and control more of the physical world
than your desktop computer. It's an open-source physical computing platform based on a
simple microcontroller board, and a development environment for writing software for the
board.
Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches
or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs. Arduino
projects can be stand-alone, or they can communicate with software running on your
computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP.) The boards can be assembled by hand or
purchased preassembled; the open-source IDE can be downloaded for free.

Why Arduino?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Inexpensive assembled by hand or pre-assembled

Cross-platform Microsoft, Macintosh, Linux OS
Simple-clear programming environment Processing, IDE
Open source and extensible software the language expanded through C++
Open source and extensible hardware extending the microcontroller board

Arduinos Family

UNO

Leonardo

Due

Yun

Mega
ADK

Mega
2560

Ethernet

Esplora

Nano

Pro Mini

Lilypad

Lilypad
Simple

Inside this KIT

(Check your kit)

Arduino
UNO R3

Jumper wire

Red LED

Resistor
330ohm

Buzzer

Yellow LED

Button

Photoresistor

Green LED

Temperature
Sensor (LM35)

Potentiometer

RGB

Relay

Transistor
P2N2222

LCD 1602

Servo motor

Arduino UNO
Digital Pin

Power Input

Analog Pin
Summary
Microcontroller
Operating Voltage
Input Voltage (recommended)
Input Voltage (limits)
Digital I/O Pins
Analog Input Pins
DC Current per I/O Pin
DC Current for 3.3V Pin
Flash Memory
SRAM
EEPROM
Clock Speed

ATmega328
5V
7-12V
6-20V
14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
6
40 mA
50 mA
32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
2 KB (ATmega328)
1 KB (ATmega328)
16 MHz

Each of the 14 digital pins

It operates at 5 volts.
Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA
Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data.
PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite()
function.
SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK).
LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH
value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.
The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide 10 bits of
resolution

TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI communication using the Wire
library.
AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs.
Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller.

Ground (gnd)
Voltage (vcc)

Breadboard

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

1. Download from http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
2. Choose your version and OS, whether Classic (1.0.5) or Beta (1.5.7) and Microsoft or
Macintosh X or Linux.
3. Install Done
4. Connect your UNO via USB cable given
5. Check your UNO port from Windows > Devices and Printers > Unspecified
6. Click your Arduino IDE icon
7. IDE display (figure below)
New
Save

Verify

Upload

Open

8. Select the right board and port

Tools > Board > Arduino UNO and Tools > Port > COM1

9. Start upload the code, go to

(File > Examples > 01.Basics > Blink) then click upload
10. You can see that LED will be blinking

11. Now you can start do the tutorial given below, Enjoy it !

BLINK LED
Led blinking 1 second (1 second ON, 1 second OFF, then repeat)
Parts required
1. Red LED x 1
2. Resistor 330ohm x 1
3. Jumper wires

//Coding = File > Examples > Basics > Blink

int led = 13;
// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
void setup() {
// initialize the digital pin as an output.
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}
// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
void loop() {
digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000);
// wait for a second
digitalWrite(led, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000);
// wait for a second
}

PUSH BUTTON
Parts required
1. Push button x 1
2. Resistor 330ohm x 1
3. Resistor 10kohm x 1
4. Jumper wires

//Coding = File > Examples > Digital > Button

const int buttonPin = 8; // the number of the pushbutton pin
const int ledPin = 13; // the number of the LED pin
// variables will change:
int buttonState = 0;
// variable for reading the pushbutton status
void setup() {
// initialize the LED pin as an output:
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
// initialize the pushbutton pin as an input:
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
}
void loop(){
// read the state of the pushbutton value:
buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
// check if the pushbutton is pressed.
// if it is, the buttonState is HIGH:
if (buttonState == HIGH) {
// turn LED on:
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
}
else {
// turn LED off:
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
}
}

BUZZER
Create the melody using the coding given. Make the tone faster and slower.
Parts required
1. Buzzer

2. Jumper wires

//Coding = File > Example > Digital > toneMelody

#include "pitches.h"
// notes in the melody:
int melody[] = {
NOTE_C4, NOTE_G3,NOTE_G3, NOTE_A3, NOTE_G3,0, NOTE_B3, NOTE_C4};
// note durations: 4 = quarter note, 8 = eighth note, etc.:
int noteDurations[] = {
4, 8, 8, 4,4,4,4,4 };
void setup() {
// iterate over the notes of the melody:
for (int thisNote = 0; thisNote < 8; thisNote++) {
// to calculate the note duration, take one second
// divided by the note type.
//e.g. quarter note = 1000 / 4, eighth note = 1000/8, etc.
int noteDuration = 1000/noteDurations[thisNote];
tone(2, melody[thisNote],noteDuration);
// to distinguish the notes, set a minimum time between them.
// the note's duration + 30% seems to work well:
int pauseBetweenNotes = noteDuration * 1.30;
delay(pauseBetweenNotes);
// stop the tone playing:
noTone(2);
}
}
void loop() {
// no need to repeat the melody.
}

PHOTORESISTOR
Parts required
1. Red led x 1
2. Photoresistor x 1
3. Resistor 330ohm x 1
4. Resistor 10kohm x 1
5. Jumper wires

//photoresistor
int photoPin = 1; // select the input pin for the photoresistor
int ledPin = 13; // select the pin for the LED
int val; // variable to store the value coming from the sensor
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // declare the ledPin as an OUTPUT
}
void loop() {
val = analogRead(photoPin); // read the value from the sensor
Serial.println(val);
//val=map(val, 0, 1023,0, 255); // val=map(variable, min, max,0, 255);
analogWrite(ledPin, val); // turn the ledPin brightness
}

POTENTIOMETER
Control the LED brightness
Parts required
1. Potentiometer x 1
2. Red LED
3. Jumper wire

//potentiometer
int potPin = 0; // select the input pin for the potentiometer
int ledPin = 11; // select the pin for the LED
int val = 0; // variable to store the value coming from the sensor
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // declare the ledPin as an OUTPUT
}
void loop() {
val = analogRead(potPin); // read the value from the sensor
Serial.println(val);
val=map(val, 0, 1023,0, 255);
analogWrite(ledPin, val); // turn the ledPin brightness
}

RGB
Parts required
1. RGB
2. Resistor 330ohm
3. Jumper wires

//Coding
int ledcolor = 0;
int a = 1000; //this sets how long the stays one color for
int red = 11; //this sets the red led pin
int green = 10; //this sets the green led pin
int blue = 9; //this sets the blue led pin
void setup() { //this sets the output pins
pinMode(red, OUTPUT);
pinMode(green, OUTPUT);
pinMode(blue, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
int ledcolor = random(7); //this randomly selects a number between 0 and 6
switch (ledcolor) {
case 0: //if ledcolor equals 0 then the led will turn red
analogWrite(red, 51);
delay(a);
analogWrite(red, 255);
break;
case 1: //if ledcolor equals 1 then the led will turn green
digitalWrite(green, LOW);
delay(a);
digitalWrite(green, HIGH);
break;
case 2: //if ledcolor equals 2 then the led will turn blue
digitalWrite(blue, LOW);
delay(a);
digitalWrite(blue, HIGH);
break;
case 3: //if ledcolor equals 3 then the led will turn yellow
analogWrite(red, 95);
digitalWrite(green, LOW);
delay(a);
analogWrite(red, 255);
digitalWrite(green, HIGH);
break;
case 4: //if ledcolor equals 4 then the led will turn cyan
analogWrite(red, 168);

digitalWrite(blue, LOW);
delay(a);
analogWrite(red, 255);
digitalWrite(blue, HIGH);
break;
case 5: //if ledcolor equals 5 then the led will turn magenta
digitalWrite(green, LOW);
digitalWrite(blue, LOW);
delay(a);
digitalWrite(green, HIGH);
digitalWrite(blue, HIGH);
break;
case 6: //if ledcolor equals 6 then the led will turn white
analogWrite(red, 155);
digitalWrite(green, LOW);
digitalWrite(blue, LOW);
delay(a);
analogWrite(red, 255);
digitalWrite(green, HIGH);
digitalWrite(blue, HIGH);
break;
}
}

TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Display the environment temperature in Serial monitor
Parts required
1. Temperature Sensor LM35 x 1
2. Jumper wires

//temperature
float temp;
int tempPin = 2;
int led = 2;

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(led,OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
temp = analogRead(tempPin);
temp = temp * 0.48828125;
if(temp>27){
digitalWrite(led,HIGH);
}
else{
digitalWrite(led,LOW);
}
Serial.print("TEMPERATURE = ");
Serial.print(temp);
Serial.print(char(176));
Serial.print("C");
Serial.println();
delay(1000);
}

RELAY
Parts required
1. Green LED
2. Yellow LED
3. Relay
4. Transistor P2N2222
5. Resistor 330ohm
6. Diode 1N4148
7. Jumper wire

int relayPin = 4;

// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:

void setup() {
// initialize the digital pin as an output.
pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);
}
// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
void loop() {
digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000);
// wait for a second
digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000);
// wait for a second
}

SERVO MOTOR
Sweep servo motor from 0o to 180o and back to 0o, then repeat again.
Parts required
1. Servo motor
2. Jumper wire

//Coding = File > Examples > Servo > Sweep

#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo
// a maximum of eight servo objects can be created
int pos = 0; // variable to store the servo position
void setup()
{
myservo.attach(9); // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object
}
void loop()

{
for(pos = 0; pos < 180; pos += 1) // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
{
// in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(pos);
// tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
// waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position
}
for(pos = 180; pos>=1; pos-=1) // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees
{
myservo.write(pos);
// tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
// waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position
}
}

LCD 1602
Parts required
1. LCD 1602
2. Potentiometer
3. Jumper wires

//Coding = File > Examples > LiquidCrystal > HelloWorld

// include the library code:
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);
void setup() {
// set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:
lcd.begin(16, 2);
// Print a message to the LCD.
lcd.print("hello, world!");
}
void loop() {
// set the cursor to column 0, line 1

// (note: line 1 is the second row, since counting begins with 0):
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
// print the number of seconds since reset:
lcd.print(millis()/1000);
}

Task 1
TRAFFIC LIGHT
Please develop traffic light led blinking using three different led colour. Start with green led,
followed by yellow and red led.

Task 2
WARNING LED
Develop a code to turn on led after the sensor reach more than 30 degrees.
Parts required
1. Red LED x 1
2. Resistor 330ohm x 1
3. Temperature sensor LM35 x 1
4. Jumper wire

Task 3
TEMPERATURE LCD DISPLAY