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1.Dry Bulb Temperature(tdb)-mixture of dry air and water vapor superheated 2. Wet Bulb Temperature(twb) mixture of dry air and water vapor saturated 3.Dew Point Temperature(ts) condense if air cooling under
constant pressure. 4. Humidity Ratio =m(water)/m(air)=0.622P(water)/P(air) 5. Relative Humidity =
P(water)/P(air)
Air-conditioning Processes: Cooling and Dehumidification, Re-heating, Adiabatic Mixing, Fan, Part Load Control
Sensible Heat Change (no change in water vapor content) Qs=m(hx-h1)= mCp(tdbx-tdb1) ; Latent Heat Change
Qt=m(hx-h1)=mh(x-1) ;
Determination of Sensible and Latent Cooling Loads (all unit in W NOT kW)
1.Mean Solar Heat Gain = ---- directly through the window
Mean Solar heat gain(W) Mean Solar Intensity(W/m) S Solar gain factor of glazing Sunlit area of
glazing (m)
2.Mean Casual Heat Gain = all source x using time / 24 --- 3. = +
COP = 41 =
12
(1 4 )
1 2
; Refrigeration effect RE = 41 = 1 4
2 1
2 1
; S2 = S1 ,actual S2 > S1
Rankine Cylcle
= (1 2 ) = (1 2 ) , = 0.001/
Feed water pump (1-2): 12
= (3 2 ) , heat input to steam boiler
Boiler and super-heater (2-3): 23
= (4 3 ) , S1 = S2 , high pressure expands to low pressure
Steam Turbine (3-4): 34
= (1 4 ) , heat rejected , constant low pressure
Condenser (4-1): 41
Performance: n =
+12
34
23
4 3 +1 2
3 2
3600
, SSC =
3600
34 +12
= (5 4 ) ->
if (3-4) high pressure steam turbine, -> re-heater (4-5): 45
= (5 6 ) , S5 = S6 ->
Low pressure steam turbine (5-6): 56
= (1 6 )
Condenser (6-1): 61
Performance: n =
+56
+12
34
+45
23
, SSC =
3600
3600
+12
34 +56
= 3 4
3
T4 = T3 3
4
4
3
, P4 = P3 3 ,
4
Thermal efficiency n =
0.9167v=0.9167RT/P
Air Standard Otto Cycle-gasoline
Compression Process (1-2): same to Diesel ;
T4 = T3 3
4
, P4 = P3 3
4
23 +41
1 2
, V=
= 1 + 41
, R=0.287kJ/kgK
23
Heat Transfer
conduction
4
1
1
1 2
2
(1 2 ) ; for cylinder: = 2 (1 2 )
1
1 1
+
1
Newtons Law of cooling for convection: = ( ) ; R =
1
1 1
+ 1
1 2
A(14 24 )
Convection
1. Find formula by using the description, cal the h valve
Combustion
Write down the formula, balance the equation to fulfill 79/21=N2/O2, write down molar mass x molar number,
say the fuel 1kg, cal other component, find Cp valve, (room temp+low temp)/2 + 273K ; (room temp+high
temp)/2 + 273K; find table, =T ave/ 1000, cal each Cp, use equation.