eTeacher HEBREW

Online Language Academy

Ulpan Adults 2
Units 1-19

eTeacherGROUP
Online Language Academy

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 :
:

2012 ,
eTeacher LTD. -
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, , , , , ,
, ,
.
, '

Dear Student,

Michal Wilder
Project Manager for
Syllabus Development;
Senior Instructor
eTeacherHebrew.com

Welcome to course A Advanced, the second level beginners

course and the continuation of course A Beginners.
This course will focus more on grammar than the previous course.
We will not focus on vocabulary (although your vocabulary will
grow to a large extent during the course) but more on a better
understanding of Hebrew grammar and on acquiring skills for
independent management of your Hebrew.
I hope that at the end of the course you will feel comfortable
making an educated guess about an unfamiliar word according to
its position in the sentence, its root and other clues.
In this course we will drill into different types of verbs and at the
end of it you will have a better understanding of the Hebrew verb
system. You will also learn the past (and present) tense of many
verb groups and will acquire many new verbs which will enrich
your vocabulary.
Just like in the previous course, every study unit in your textbook
includes a dictionary, selected slides and homework. Using your
textbook along with the online unit will enhance your learning.
At the end of each section you will find your homework. Answers
for the homework exercises can be found in your file, located in
your Student Locker On Campus.
I wish you a pleasant and challenging course that will satisfy your
intellectual and linguistic curiosity.
I am confident that at the end of the course you will feel more
confident in your ability to express yourself in Hebrew in a more
accurate and eloquent manner, and that your Hebrew
comprehension will also improve greatly.
Sincerely,
Michal Wilder
Project Manager for Syllabus Development; Senior Instructor
eTeacherHebrew.com

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No. Unit Name

11 A Night Out in the
Restaurant
12

Israel

13

The students are

excellent

14

The excellent students

are sitting on small
chairs
Vegetable salad and
fruitcake

15

16

17

Danny says that

theres nothing in the
house no coffee, and
not even sugar!
Its Useful to Learn
Hebrew

18

For You and Me

19

Me You

Unit Description
Well learn how to order in a restaurant, how to read a
menu and converse with your waiter and even to order a
special meal. Be-te'avon!
This will serve as a review of previous units. You
already know Hebrew. Now all you have to do is come
visit Israel.
In this unit we'll learn to understand and say sentences
without verbs. In Hebrew, the verb "to be" doesn't exist
in present tense. What do we do?
Study of verbless sentences will broaden our expressive
ability and comprehension in Hebrew.
In this unit well continue further and deeper into the
subject of matching an adjective to a noun.

Page
111

In this unit we'll learn about combining noun constructs.

Understanding noun constructs and the ability to create
them will broaden and enrich our manner of expression
in Hebrew.
In this unit we'll study double negative expressions
(never, nothing) and how to use them in Hebrew.

155

It's useful to learn Hebrew.

No smoking!
It's impossible to ski in Jerusalem.
In this unit we will learn about infinitive-combinations,
and by the end we will be able to construct similar
sentences in Hebrew.
In this unit we will learn the inflection of the
preposition "...", as well as verbs and expressions that
require using this inflection.
By the end of the unit we will be able to say in plain
Hebrew: "He has no time!" or "Perhaps you can help
me?"
How do you say in Hebrew "I love you"? In this unit we
will learn the inflection of the preposition "".

173

123

133

141

163

179

187

Table of Contents
Units 1-19
No. Unit Name
1
Welcome to second
course

Doctor, Can You Help

Me?

What Do You Like?

The Marketplace 1
Vegetables

The Marketplace 2
Fruits

Time

Itamar's Day

In the Clothing Store

Transportation

10

A Walking Tour of
Jerusalem

Unit Description
In this unit well get acquainted with the teacher and
with our classmates, and then well enter into the happy
and festive environment of Hebrew studies.
Then, this unit will introduce the different parts of the
body, as well as adjectives used for describing people.
Here well learn how to set up a doctors appointment
and how to communicate in Hebrew with the doctor
including describing symptoms and how to order the
appropriate medicines from the pharmacy.
Infinitives (to learn, to read, etc.). In this class well
learn for the first time how to use infinitives in a
sentence and well learn many new verbs.
Israeli culture thrives on the back and forth negotiations
in the marketplace. This unit will teach you how to
engage in conversation on your next trip to the Israeli
shuk (marketplace.) Youll learn the sentences and
dialogue that will help you get the best deal. Well also
learn a bit of slang that might give you the upper hand
during the bargaining process.
In this unit well be reviewing our knowledge of
vegetables and learning about Israels fruits. Well
travel to the market and coffeehouse, all in Hebrew.
From hour to yearWell learn more about the clock
and the names of the months. Well learn how to answer
the question How old are you? and some other
questions.
A daily description of a boy, Itamar. Itamar goes to
kindergarten. Well join him in learning some grammar
and more vocabulary.
This unit will teach you some of the words that will
help you in the clothing store and in describing the
clothes you wear.
Whens the next bus to Jerusalem? When does the train
leave for Hertsliya? Taxi!!! In this unit well learn about
all the different forms of public transit to help you get
around Israel in the best and quickest ways possible.
How do I get to the Western Wall? Where can I find the
Knesset? Can you recommend a restaurant in the Old
City? This unit will prepare you for a day trip around
Israels capital.

Page
1

11

23

35

47

55

69

77

87

99

1
Unit 1

2
Welcome to the second course
Unit Description:
In this unit well get acquainted with the teacher and with our classmates, and then well enter
into the happy and festive environment of Hebrew studies.
Then, this unit will introduce the different parts of the body, as well as adjectives used for
describing people.

Unit 1
1


Dictionary
English

How to say

Cursive

Print

class / unit

shi'ur

land / country

erets
artsot

(. )

city / town

ir

time

arim
zman

(. )

day

yom

(. )

(. )

(. )
(. )

(. )

yamim
week

shavu'a
shavu'ot

hour

sha'a

party

mesiba

family

mishpaxa
lev

heart
neck

tsavar

stomach / tummy

beten

hand

yad
yadayim

(. )

leg / foot

regel
raglayim
panim
ozen
oznayim
a'yin
einayim

(. )

(. / . )

(. )

(. )

(. )

(. )
(.. )

face
ear
eye
nose
mouth
hair
tooth

af
apim
pe

se'arot
shen

shinayim

Unit 1
2

(. )

Nouns

English
see / look

How to say

Cursive

ro'e

Print

ro'a
listen

makshiv
makshiva

bring

mevi
mevi'a

near / by / next to

leyad

Unit 1
3

Verbs

More Words


Slides from the Unit

Unit 1
4

Unit 1
5


Grammatical Remarks
1. The Dual Form of the Noun
Besides a singular and a plural form of the noun, Hebrew also has a dual form, which is
marked by the suffix ( just like the ending of the number two: shtayim). As
opposed to the Arabic language, where the dual form is commonly used, in Hebrew this
form is quite rare. Mostly it is used in nouns that refer to body members that come in pairs
as well as to apparel related to them, for example: ( yadayim, hands) and
(oznayim, ears). Also, it is used in time expressions such as ( yomayim, two
days). The dual form may sometime refer to a plural object, for example:
(shinayim, teeth).
The dual form exists in Hebrew strictly in nouns. An adjective or a verb referring to a noun
in its dual form would appear in its plural form. For example:
beautiful eyes

einayim yafot

2. The Adjective
The letter in the adjective is not a vowel marker as in the adjectives and , but
a consonant. Therefore, it is retained in all the forms of this adjective. Notice that in the
masculine singular form the accented syllable is the one second to last (vo), while in the
feminine singular form it is the final syllable (ha).
Plural

Singular

Feminine

Masculine

Feminine

Masculine

gvohot

gvohim

gvoha

gavoha

tall

3. The Root and the Template (Mishkal)

Most Hebrew words contain a root (, shoresh), i.e. a combination of letters (usually
three) that carries a basic meaning. For example, the root composed of the letters '' '
carries the meaning of studying. The root may be arranged according to different fixed
templates (, mishkal) in order to create different words which relate to each other by
the common basic meaning. For instance, from the root ' ' ' derive the verb ( lomed,
study) and the noun ( talmid, student). The templates are composed of
consonants and vowels. For example, in the word , the template is xxx, while the
template of the word is xxx( the xs represent the three letters of the root).

Unit 1
6

4. The Template of Colors

Some templates may carry a certain meaning. For example, many adjectives of the template
(mishkal) xxx refer to colors. This includes ( shaxor, black), ( adom, red),
( tsahov, yellow), ( yarok, green) and ( kaxol, blue). There may be
words of this template which do not refer to colors, for instance: the word ( arox,
long). Also, there may be color names which do not belong to this template, for instance:
( lavan, white) and ( xum, brown).
In the table below, the conjugation of the words belonging to the template xxx is
represented by the adjective . The conjugation of the adjective displays some
variations from the normal conjugation of this template: the vowel u in the feminine
singular form and in both plural forms is replaced by the vowel o. Notice the vowel
change in the conjugation of the adjectives and , which is caused by the guttural
letter . Notice also the change in pronunciation of the last letter of the root, when this is
either one of the letters , , or ( for example, in the adjectives and ).
Plural

Singular

Feminine

Masculine

Feminine

Masculine

kxulot

kxulim

kxula

kaxol

blue

shxorot

shxorim

shxora

shaxor

black

adumot

adumim

aduma

adom

red

tsehubot

tsehubim

tsehuba

tsahov

yellow

arukot

arukim

aruka

arox

long

Unit 1
7

5. Feminine Nouns
The Hebrew nouns do not always have a definite gender marker. Therefore, it is necessary
to learn and memorize the gender of each noun. However, there are some rules that make it
easier sometimes to tell the gender of a noun. Below is a description of some groups of
feminine nouns:
1. Nouns ending in an accented syllable ( -a). For instance: ( uga, cake).
2. Most nouns ending in ( -it), ( -et) or ( -ut). For instance: ( meltsarit,
waitress), ( maxberet, notebook), ( taut, mistake).
3. The nouns ( erets, country) and ( ir, city), as well as all names of
countries and cities except for the Vatican ().
4. Most body members which have a dual form.
5. Miscellaneous feminine nouns with no gender-marker, such as ( beten,
stomach), ( shemesh, sun both masculine and feminine), ( panim,
face both masculine plural and feminine plural).

Unit 1
8


Homework
.1 "" "":
1. Insert the appropriate preposition
" in front of the noun:" " or"
.

Unit 1
9

? .2

2. Identify the body part that is

indicated with the red arrows:

Unit 1
10

2
Unit 2

! ,
Doctor, Can You Help Me?
Unit Description:
Here well learn how to set up a doctors appointment and how to communicate in Hebrew with
the doctor including describing symptoms and how to order the appropriate medicines from the
pharmacy.

Unit 2
11


Dictionary
English

How to say

Cursive

Print

soup

marak

clinic

mirpa'a

(. )

doctor

rofe

(. )
(. )

rof''a
nurse

axot

medicine / medication

trufa

(. )

throat

garon

(. )

line / queue
heat / fever
hurt

tor
xom

ko'ev

(. )
(. )

sleep

yashen

yeshena
can / is able

yaxol
yexola

see / look

ro'e

Nouns

Verbs

ro'a
listen

makshiv

cold

makshiva
xam
xama
kar

fat

shamen

hot

shmena
thin / skinny

raze

raza
tall / high

gavoha
gvoha

short / low

namux
nemuxa

long

arox
aruka

Unit 2
12

Adjectives

English
short

How to say

Cursive

katsar

Print

ktsara
black

shaxor
shxora

white

lavan

brown

levana
xum

xuma
red

adom

aduma
yellow

tsahov
tsehuba

blue

kaxol
kxula

green

yarok

bad

yeruka
ra

more or less

be-erex

this way

kaxa

already
What happened?

kvar

sick

xole

ma kara?

!
!
!

xola
healthy

bari
bri'a

get well!

targish tov!
targishi tov!
targishu tov!

Unit 2
13

Adjectives

More Words


Slides from the Unit

Unit 2
14

Unit 2
15

Unit 2
16

Unit 2
17


Grammatical Remarks
1. The Construction ... ...
The Hebrew way to express the idea of my stomach hearts, her head hearts, your ears
heart, and so on, is by using the construction ... ...( koev le ha).
For example:
Daniels stomach hurts.

Koevet le-Daniel ha-beten.

Your (f.) head hurts.

Koev lax ha-rosh.

My legs hurt.

Koavot li ha-raglayim.

Its a pity for her.

Koev la ha-lev.

(literally: Her heart hurts).

Notice that the verb ( koev, hurt) in these sentences conjugates according to the body
part that hurts and not according to the person suffering. The table below demonstrates this
point:
ha-rosh
ha-gav

le ...

ha-garon

(le-Dani, le-Ruti ... ,)

li

ha-beten
ha-ozen
ha-raglayim
ha-shinayim

lexa

ha-yad

koev

lax

lo

la

koevet

koavot

ha-oznayim
2. Verb Conjugations The Verbs and
The conjugation of the verb ( yashen, sleep) in the present tense does not correspond to
any of the conjugations presented so far:
/ /

/ /

/ /

/ /

yeshenot

yeshenim

yeshena

yashen

Unit 2
18

sleep

Another new conjugation is that of the verb ( yaxol, can):

/ /

/ /

/ /

/ /

yexolot

yexolim

yexola

yaxol

can

3. Abbreviated Words
One way to abbreviate a Hebrew word in writing is to use inverted commas. For instance,
the abbreviated written form of the title ( doctor, MD) is ". The pronunciation of
the word stays unchanged.

Unit 2
19


Homework
.1
:

1. Complete the conversations using the

sentences below:

:
:

:
:

:
:

:
:

:
:

? - : ,
, . .

:
.1 : , , .
.2 : . .
.3 : .
.4 : , .
.
.5 : . . ?
.6 : , .

Unit 2
20

 .2
2. Complete the sentences using the
) (words in the list below (Please note :
that not all words will be used):
, , , , , , , , ,
.
.

.
.

. , , =

.3/ ./ /
.

.e-mail-
:

3. Imagine that you are sick and need to

describe your symptoms and explain how
you are feeling to the doctor. Please send
me your sample conversation via e-mail.
Include the following words in your
conversation:

, , , , , , ) ( , ,.

Unit 2
21

3
Unit 3

?
What Do You Like?
Unit Description:
Infinitives (to learn, to read, etc.). In this class well learn for the first time how to use infinitives
in a sentence and well learn many new verbs.

Unit 3
23


Dictionary
English
bus
life

How to say

otobus
xayim
boxer
boxeret

Cursive

Print

(. )

(. . )

Nouns

return

xozer

dream

xolem

wear

lovesh

find

motse

ride / go

nose'a

close

soger

count

sofer

help

ozer

stands

omed

open

pote'ax

special

meyuxad

Adjectives

easy

meyuxedet
kal

difficult / hard

kashe

Adverbs

sure!

betax

every

kol

enough

here

maspik
po

there

sham

for example

lemashal

choose

Unit 3
24

Verbs

More Words


Slides from the Unit

Unit 3
25

Unit 3
26

Unit 3
27

Unit 3
28

Unit 3
29

Unit 3
30


Grammatical Remarks
1. The Infinitive of the Verb Group of
Infinitive ( , shem poal) is the basic form of a verb. In English it contains the
word to (for instance: to write). In Hebrew, it is marked by an initial letter ( for
instance: , lixtov).
The infinitives of the verbs belonging to the verb group of take the form xxx.
Nevertheless, some vowel changes may occur in the infinitive on account of the existence of
guttural root letters, as demonstrated in the chart below:

infinitive

he
i

lixtov

kotev

write

oxel

eat

The first letter of the root is

xoshev

think

The first letter of the root is

oved

work

The first letter of the root is

ee
leexol
a
laxshov
aa
laavod

The verb ( omer, say) has an irregular infinitive: ( lomar).

Hebrew infinitives, just like their counterparts in English, may follow other verbs. Since
infinitives are not related to a certain person or tense, they do not conjugate.
He wants

She wants

They (m.) want

to eat salad.

They (f.) want

Unit 3
31

2. Phonetic Changes in Verbs Containing the Letter as the Third Letter of

Their Root
When the third letter of the root is ( and also and ), there may be phonetic changes in
the different forms of the verb. Often, the letter , and sometimes its neighboring letters as
well, take the vowel a. Below is the conjugation of the verb ( linsoa, ride)
compared with the conjugation of the verb ( lixtov, write):
//

Present Tense
//
//

ee
kotvot kotvim kotevet
aa
nosot

nosim nosaat

Unit 3
32

//

Infinitive

kotev

lixtov

write

a
nosea

a
linsoa

ride


Homework
.1
1. Write and say the infinitive form
:
of the following verbs:

.2
) (
:

2. Complete the sentences with the

correct infinitive verb:

. ' .

' .

)= ,(taxi
.

, '.

, .

. ?
.

: ?
.

Unit 3
33

 .3
:

3. Match the infinitives with the

illustrations:

Unit 3
34

4
Unit 4

? :
The Marketplace 1 Vegetables
Unit Description:
Israeli culture thrives on the back and forth negotiations in the marketplace. This unit will teach
you how to engage in conversation on your next trip to the Israeli shuk (marketplace.) Youll
learn the sentences and dialogue that will help you get the best deal. Well also learn a bit of
slang that might give you the upper hand during the bargaining process.

Unit 4
35


Dictionary
English
vegetable

How to say

lettuce

yerek
yerakot
batsal
gezer
xasa

cabbage

kruv

cauliflower

kruvit

onion
carrot

Cursive

Print

(. )

(. )

kruviyot
cucumber

melafefon

tomato

agvani'ia

mushroom

pitri'ia

(. )

pitriyot
pepper

pilpel

zucchini

kishu

potato

tapu'ax adama

(. )

(. )

tapuxei adama
parsley
marketplace

petrozilia
shuk
shvakim

1/100 of Israeli shekel

agora

shekel

shekel
kone
kona
meshalem
meshalemet

buy
pay

Unit 4
36

Nouns

Verbs

English
cheap

How to say

Cursive

zol

Print

!
!
!

zola
expensive

yakar
yekara

tasty

ta'im
te'ima

need
give me!

tsarix
tsrixa
ten li!
tni li!
tnu li!

somebody

mishehu

something

mashehu

altogether

be-yaxad

more

yoter

enough

maspik

20

esrim

30

shloshim

40

arba'im

50

xamishim

60

shishim

70

shiv'im

80

shmonim

90

tish'im

100

me'a

Unit 4
37

Adjectives

More Words


Slides from the Unit

Unit 4
38

Unit 4
39

Unit 4
40


Grammatical Remarks
1. The Numbers 20-100
Just like the small numbers, numbers higher than 20 also match the noun they precede in
gender. For example:
24 boys

24 girls

esrim vearbaa yeladim

esrim vearba yeladot

Below is a chart that looks at the numbers 20-100 in both genders. Notice that the round
numbers (20, 30) have the same form in masculine and in feminine. Notice also that the
numbers ending with 2 (22, 32) use the form ( shnayim) and ( shtayim) rather
than ( shney) and ( shtey).
Feminine

Masculine
esrim

20

esrim ve-axat

esrim ve-exad

21

esrim u-shtayim

esrim u-shnayim

22

shloshim
shloshim ve-xamesh
arbaim

30

shloshim va-xamisha

35

40

50

shishim

60

shivim

70

shmonim

80

xamishim

tishim

tishim ve-tesha

tishim ve-tisha
mea

90
99
100

Notice that the conjunctive letter sometimes changes its vowel. Normally, it is pronounced
ve (like in the number 21), but sometimes it is pronounced u (like in the number 22) or
va (like in the masculine form of the number 25).

Unit 4
41

2. The Conjugation of the Verb

Here is the conjugation of the verb ( tsarix, need) is as follows:
/ /

/ /

/ /

/ /

tsrixot

tsrixim

tsrixa

tsarix

need

3. The Words and

The word ( mashehu, something) is composed of the components ( ma, what) +
...( she, that/which) + ( hu, he). It refers only to objects. The word
(mishehu, somebody), which is composed of ( mi, who) + ...( she, that/which) +
( hu, he), refers only to people.
When writing the word , it is important to spell it with the letter in order to
distinguish it from the word .

Unit 4
42


Homework
? .1

1. Using cursive script, identify the items

in the pictures:

Unit 4
43

 .2
:

2. Write the correct form of the

noun and the numbers in words:

(23) .

(96) .

(35) .

(64) .

(10) .

(59) .

(47) .

(81) .

(78) .

(63) .

.3 "" "":

":" " or" 3. Write

." : , ?"

" :

." : , ?"

" :

.4/ ./ /
.
.email-
:

4. Imagine that you are at the market

place and want to do some
shopping. Please send me your
dialogue with the seller via e-mail.
Include the following words in
your conversation (you may
change their form):

, , , , , , /

Unit 4
44

".
".

 .5
) ,,
(... :

5. Translate the dialogue below to

your native language (English,
Spanish, German, etc.). Then, in a
couple of days, work on translating
it back into Hebrew:

Hebrew -

Your language

: , ?
.
?
: , . :,
-
, ...
: ?
: , .
! .
: . ?
: : , ,
.
: ?

Unit 4
45

 Hebrew -

Your language

: . .
.
: .15:00
.
: , ?
: , 30 . ,.
30 : ?

: . . .

Unit 4
46

5
Unit 5

? :
The Marketplace 2 Fruits
Unit Description:
In this unit well be reviewing our knowledge of vegetables and learning about Israels fruits.
Well travel to the market and coffeehouse, all in Hebrew.

Unit 5
47


Dictionary
English
fruit

How to say

Cursive

pri

Print

(. )

perot
watermelon

avati'ax

grapefruit

eshkolit

(. )

eshkoliyot
banana

banana

lemon

limon

grapes

anavim

pomegranate

rimon

fig

te'ena

strawberry

te'enim
tut

(. )

orange

tapuz

apple

tapu'ax

beginning

end

hatxala
sof

tasty

ta'im

!
!
!

te'ima
fresh

tari
triya

sweet
give me!

matok
metuka
ten li!
tni li!
tnu li!

altogether

be-yaxad

more

yoter
kmo

like / as
How much does it
cost?

Kama ze ole?

Unit 5
48

Nouns

Adjectives

More Words


Slides from the Unit

Unit 5
49

Unit 5
50


Grammatical Remarks
1. The Imperative
The expression give me! in Hebrew uses the imperative (i.e. commanding) form of the
verb ( noten, give). Hebrew verbs have three imperative forms, all of which are in the
second person (i.e. you): masculine singular, feminine singular and plural. Hence, there
are three forms of the expression give me!
plural

feminine singular

masculine singular

tnu li! !

tni li! !

ten li! !

give me!

2. Feminine Nouns Singular and Plural Endings

Some feminine nouns in Hebrew have fixed endings that not only mark their gender but also
make it easier to make the shift from the singular form to the plural form and vice versa.
The chart below lists six different feminine endings:
Examples

Endings

Plural

Singular

translation

yeladot

yalda

girl

maxbarot

maxberet

miklaxot

Plural
1

Singular

x-

x-

notebook

x-

x-

miklaxat

shower

x-

x-

eshkoliyot

eshkolit

grapefruit

x-

x-

agvaniyot

agvaniya

tomato

x-

x-

tauyot

taut

mistake

x-

x-

Note for the table:

1

Some feminine nouns that end with x in the singular form do not end with x in the
plural form. For instance: ( teena, fig) ( teenim, figs).

Unit 5
51


Homework
? .1

1. Using cursive script, identify the items in

the pictures:

Unit 5
52

 .2
:

2. Write the correct form of the

noun and the numbers in words:

(45) .

(61) .

(22) .

(68) .

(10) .

(73) .

(56) .

(34) .

(92) .

(87) .

.3
) (:

3. Write and say the plural form of the

following words (this list includes
words that you haven't learned):

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Unit 5
53

 .4
),
, (...
:

4. Translate the dialogue below to your

native language (English, Spanish,
German, etc.). Then, in a couple of days,
work on translating it back into Hebrew:

Hebrew -

Your language

:! ! !
: ?
: , .
. .
: .
9 :.
: . ?
: .
: .
, ,
.
: ? . !
: ?
: . -!
: ?
28 : 40-.
: , !

Unit 5
54

6
Unit 6

Time
Unit Description:
From hour to yearWell learn more about the clock and the names of the months. Well learn
how to answer the question How old are you? and some other questions.

Unit 6
55


Dictionary
English

How to say

Cursive

Print

minute

daka

month

xodesh
shana
shanim
safa
tseva
rahit
geshem
ru'ax
anan
ananim
sheleg
ona
onot

autumn \ fall
winter

year
language
color
furniture
rain
wind
cloud
snow
season

spring
summer
heat-wave
degree
happy
sad
strong
weak
pleasant \ nice

(. )

(. )

(. )

(. )

(. )

stav

(. )

xoref
aviv
kayits
xamsin
ma'ala
ma'alot
same'ax
smexa
atsuv
atsuva
xazak
xazaka
xalash
xalasha
na'im
ne'ima

(. )

(. )

(. )

(. )

(. )

Nouns

Unit 6
56

Adjectives

English
is able \ can

How to say

Cursive

?
?

?
?

yaxol

yexola
how old are you? ben kama ata?
bat kama at?

Print

singular

yaxid

plural

rabim

January

February

yanu'ar
febru'ar

March

merts \ mars

April

april

May

mai

June

December

yuni
yuli
ogust
september
october
november
detsember

every

kol

mazal tov!

mazal tov!

July
August
September
October
November

More Words

(a singular indefinite noun + )+ *

Unit 6
57


Slides from the Unit

!
!

?
_____.
?
____.

.1 : , ? ?
? !19:00
: _________ ,
. = _________
.2 ________ ,
.

.3 _________ ,
.
.4 _________ ,
.
.5 : , .
________ ?
: . .

Unit 6
58

.1 __________ 3-:
, .
.2 ________ , .
.3 ________ - , .
.4 _______ ' , .
.5 _________ ,100 .9
.6 : ?
:? ________
... .

.7 : , ____________ ?1:00-
:! !12:00-

'

.
.

Unit 6
59

Unit 6
60

Unit 6
61


Grammatical Remarks
1. Telling the Time Feminine and Masculine Numbers
Both feminine and masculine numbers are used in telling the time. The numbers used for
the hours are always feminine. However, the numbers used for the minutes vary: if the
number is followed by the word ( dakot, minutes), it is always feminine; if the
number is not followed by , it is sometimes feminine and sometimes masculine. The
chart below gives examples for different ways of telling the time:
Alternative Ways to Express the Time

Time

axat ve-xamesh dakot

axat va-xamisha

1:05

shmone ve-eser dakot

shmone va-asara

8:10

16:15

arba va-xamesh esre dakot

arba va-reva

axat ve-esrim

13:20

eser esrim ve-xamesh

10:25

shtem esre u-shloshim shtem esre va-xetsi

12:30

sheva shloshim ve-xamesh

esrim va-xamisha li-shmone

shesh ve-arbaim

Esrim le-sheva

6:40

tesha arbaim ve-xamesh

reva le-eser

9:45
15:50

shalosh va-xamishim

eser dakot le-arba

asara le-arba

sheva xamishim ve-xamesh

xamesh dakot li-shmone

xamisha li-shmone

Unit 6
62

19:35

7:55

2. The Dual Form of the Noun Nouns Referring to Time

Some of the nouns referring to time have a dual form. For example:
Plural

Dual

Singular

shaot

shaatayim

shaa

hour

yamim

yomayim

yom

day

shavuot

shvuayim

shavua

week

xodashim

xodshayim

xodesh

month

shanim

shnatayim

shana

year

Notice that when the singular word ends with , the letter becomes in the dual form
(like in the words hour and year). Notice also the irregular plural forms of the words
week (the ending for a masculine noun) and year (the ending for a feminine
noun), as well as the phonetic changes in the plural form of the word day (the elimination
of the vowel o, along with the letter ).

3. Telling Ones Age

The phrase for telling ones age contains the word ( ben, here in the sense of possessor
of) for male and ( bat) for female, followed by a gender-neutral cardinal number
(which, you may recall, takes the form of a feminine number):
Yosi is 21 years old.

Yosi ben esrim ve-axat.

For one year old and two years old, the words ( shana) and ( shnatayim) are
used respectively. For example:
Dina is 2 years old.

Dina bat shnatayim.

The question for inquiring about someones age is:

How old are you? (m.)

Ben kama ata?

How old are you? (f.)

Bat kama at?

Unit 6
63

4. The Words , and

The Hebrew language contains full sentences made of one word. One kind of words that
can make a full sentence on their own is certain adjectives, such as , and .
For example:
It is cold.

Kar.

This one-word Hebrew sentence already contains the idea of it is and may not take words
such as ( ze, this is). However, other elements may be added to the sentence. For
example:
It is nice in Jerusalem
during the summer.

Naim bi-Yerushalaim ba-kayits.

It may be noted that sentences of this kind are subjective, i.e. sentences that express a
feeling, a thought or an opinion. The sentence It is cold, for instance, may be thought of
as a short version of the sentence I feel it is cold.
The idea of I am hot, You are cold, David has a nice feeling, and so on is expressed
not with the pronouns (, , , and so on) but with the preposition .... For example:
I am hot.

Xam li.

You (f.) are hot.

Xam lax.

Ruti is hot.

Xam le-Ruti.

Unit 6
64

5. Question Words Preceded by a Preposition

The first word of interrogative sentences is usually a question word. However, sometimes
the question word may be preceded by a preposition. Below are some examples of
questions and their respective answers. Notice that when the interrogative question contains
a preposition, it is always the same preposition that appears in the answer.
Answer

Question

Ani lomedet Ivrit.

Ma at osa?

I study Hebrew.

What are you doing?

Ani kotev mixtav le-Yosi.

Le-mi ata kotev mixtav?

I am writing a letter to Yosi.

To whom are you writing a letter?

Anaxnu medabrim im ha-mora.

Im mi atem medabrim?

We are talking to the teacher.

Who are you talking to?

Hi xoshevet al ha-avoda.

Al ma hi xoshevet?

She is thinking of work.

What is she thinking of?

Unit 6
65


Homework
.1
:

1. Based on the provided answers, say and

write what the answers should be:

,.

Unit 6
66

 .2 ? :

2. Read the hours out loud and write

them down:

9:25 .
10:35 .
12:15 .
1:30 .
8:45 .
7:05 .
2:10 .
3:50 .
4:55 .
6:00 .

.3 "" +
:

3. Complete the sentences using the

" plus the appropriate" preposition
words from the list below:

/ / / /
.

, , .
.

. ,
.
.
.

, )= (.
.
, .

Unit 6
67

7
Unit 7

Itamar's Day
Unit Description:
A daily description of a boy, Itamar. Itamar goes to kindergarten. Well join him in learning
some grammar and more vocabulary.

Unit 7
69


Dictionary
English

How to say

kindergarten

gan

kindergarten teacher

ganan

Cursive

Print

(. )

ganenet
place \ space

makom
mekomot

thing

davar

(. )

dvarim
color

play

tseva
tsva'im
sipur
mitlabesh
mitlabeshet
mesaper
mesaperet
mesaxek

move

zaz

fly

zaza
tas

rest

nax

fast

tsam

quarrel \ fight

rav

early

mukdam

late

me'uxar

alone

levad

together

be-yaxad

before

lifnei

after

axarei

always

tamid

sometimes

li-f'amim

the most

haxi

story
get dressed
tell

Unit 7
70

Nouns

Verbs

More Words


Slides from the Unit

Unit 7
71

Unit 7
72


Grammatical Remarks
1. The Infinitive of the Verb Group of and
The infinitive of the verb ( gar, dwell) takes the form xx,
while the infinitive of the verb
( shar, sing) takes the form xx.

Other verbs with infinitive similar to that of include: ( kam, get up), ( rats, run),
( nax, rest), ( zaz, move), ( tas, fly in an airplane) and ( ba, come). There is a
pronunciation change in the infinitive of the verb : the vowel u is replaced by o. The
change is caused by the guttural root letter .
Verbs with infinitive similar to that of include: ( rav, quarrel), ( sam, put).

infinitive
he
u
live
lagur
gar
o
come
lavo
ba
The last letter of the root is
i
sing
lashir
shar
2. The Time Expressions , , and
The words and both carry the meaning of before. The difference between the
two words is the place they take in the sentence. The word comes before a noun, while
the word comes before a sentence. The same is true for the words and ,
both of which carry the meaning of after. The rule is:

(noun) + (... )+

(sentence) +

For example:
First I get up. Then I eat.
. .
Kodem ani kama. Axar kax ani oxelet.
She studies before the meal. After the meal, she watches a movie.
. .
Hi lomedet lifney ha-aruxa. Axarey ha-aruxa hi roa seret.

Unit 7
73


Homework
.1
:
.

1. Read the story and fill in the

missing words:

5 .

. ,

( .
, , ,

) ,(!100 )

( , , .

) (.

.
: , , . , ,
. , . , " :
. ".
. , . .
. , .
,,

: .

.
, .
. ,

,.

Unit 7
74

 .2 :

2. Choose the correct word:

) ,(14:00-

) /(

).(11:00-

. .17:00-

, ,19:00- .

) /(

.
.

) /(

.
) ,
) /(

(
. ,3

: ,,

.
.

) /(

) / (

) /(

Unit 7
75

8
Unit 8

In the Clothing Store

Unit Description:
This unit will teach you some of the words that will help you in the clothing store and in
describing the clothes you wear.

Unit 8
77


Dictionary
English
garment \ clothes
cupboard, closet
sweater
coat
pants \ trousers
shirt
dress
scirt
store
color
to try on
turn
answer
rise \ go up
to be
special
fit \
be appropriate
a lot \ many
too \ overly
after

How to say

Cursive

begged
begadim
aron
aronot
sveder
me'il
mixnasayim
xultsa
simla
xatsa'it
xatsa'iyot
xanut
xanuyot
tseva
tsva'im
moded
modedet
po'ne
pona
o'ne
o'le
lihiot
meyuxad
meyuxedet
mat'im
mat'ima
hamon
midai
axarei

Unit 8
78

Print

(. )

(. )

(. )

(. )

(.. )

(. )

(. )

(. )

(. )

(. )

Nouns

Verbs

Adjectives

More Words


Slides from the Unit

Unit 8
79

Unit 8
80


Grammatical Remarks
1. The Infinitive of the Verb Group of
The infinitives of the verbs belonging to the verb group of take the form xx.
Nevertheless, some vowel changes may occur in the infinitive on account of the existence of
guttural root letters, as demonstrated in the chart below:

infinitive
i
liknot
a
laxlot
aa
laasot

he
kone

buy

xole

get sick

The first letter of the root is

ose

do

The first letter of the root is

Unit 8
81


Homework
? .1

1. Using cursive script, identify the items in

the pictures:

Unit 8
82

 .2
:

2. Choose the correct word and write

it in the correct form:

" : ,

!"

) /(

) /(

" ,

) /(

, .
?"

) /(

" . ".

.3 :
..
..
) , ,( ) , ,(

3. Complete the verbs in the chart

below:

..
) , ,(

..
) , ,(

Unit 8
83

4. Imagine you need to buy some clothing.

You will need to ask the seller questions
and get some information about the
clothing. Using these general
guidelines and the word list below (you
may change their form,) please create a
sample conversation and send it to me
via e-mail.

. / .4
/ /
.
.email-
:

, , ,?.... ,... , , , , , , , ,

.5
, , )
:( ...

5. Translate the dialogues below to

your native language (English,
Spanish, German, etc.). Then, in a
couple of days, work on translating
it back into Hebrew:

.
Hebrew -

Your language

? . :
, . :
!
? ? :
!
. ,

Unit 8
84

 Hebrew -

Your language

: '!
' .
!
: ? ,
,?
: !
.
: ?
?
: .
?

Unit 8
85

.
Hebrew -

Your language

: , ?
: .
.
: . ?
.
?
: , .
, .
.

5...

: , ?
: .
?

Unit 8
86

9
Unit 9

Transportation
Unit Description:
Whens the next bus to Jerusalem? When does the train leave for Hertsliya? Taxi!!! In this unit
well learn about all the different forms of public transit to help you get around Israel in the best
and quickest ways possible.

Unit 9
87


Dictionary
English
train

How to say

Cursive

rakevet

(. )

(. )

(. )

(. )

(. )

rakavot
taxi \ cab

monit
moniyot

bus

otobus

airplane

matos

car

mexonit

Print

mexoniyot
station \ stop

taxana

(. )

ticket

kartis

(. )

clerk

pakid

(. )

pkidim
cash box

kupa

(. )

place \ space \ seat

makom

(. )

(.. )

(. )

mekomot
Information (office)

modi'in

hotel

malon
melonot

platform

ratsif

(. )

driver

nahag

arrive

magi'a

(. )
(. )

magi'a
sit

yoshev

yoshevet
descend \ go down

yored

go out \ exit

yotse

take

loke'ax

lokaxat
stop

otser

Unit 9
88

Nouns

Verbs

English
central

How to say

Cursive

merkazi

merkazit
far

raxok

Print

rexoka
close \ near

karov

straight

krova
yashar

to the right

yamina

to the left

smola

here

kan

In a (time)

be-od

next \ coming

ha-ba

Mr. \ sir

adoni

Unit 9
89

Adjectives

More Words


Slides from the Unit

Unit 9
90

Unit 9
91

Unit 9
92


Grammatical Remarks
1. The Verb System in Hebrew: The Binyan
All Hebrew verbs belong, according to their form, to one of seven groups called
(binyanim) [in singular: ( binyan)]. Of these seven binyanim, three have been
introduced so far:
( binyan Paal), which includes the verbs of the group of ( kotev, write);
( binyan Piel), which includes the verbs of the group of ( medaber, talk);
and ( binyan Hifil), which includes the verbs of the group of ( mazmin,
invite).
The verbs in each binyan follow a fixed conjugation. However, modifications may occur in
the conjugation of certain verbs within each binyan. This happens when one of the root
letters of the verb is a weak letter, i.e. a letter that is susceptible to phonetic changes as
well as to being omitted. There are five letters that, depending on their position within the
root, may be weak: , , , and . Two examples for verbs with weak letters are given
in article 2 below.
2. Binyan Paal The Verb Groups of and of
The verbs ( yoshev, sit) and ( kone, buy) both belong to binyan Paal, i.e. to
the binyan of the verb ( kotev, write). However, due to their weak letters, their
conjugations are different than that of the latter verb. The three conjugations are presented
in the table below.
The root of the verb is '' ' . The letter is a weak letter when it functions as the
first letter of a root. Consequently, it is omitted in the infinitive form of the verb.
The root of the verb is '' ' . The letter is a weak letter when it functions as the
third letter of a root. It is omitted in the infinitive form and in all forms of the present tense.

Unit 9
93

//

Present Tense
//
//

kotvot

kotvim

kotevet

yoshvot

yoshvim

yoshevet

konot

konim

kona

//
xxx
kotev

xxx
yoshev

xx
kone

Infinitive
xxx
lixtov

xx
lashevet

xx
liknot

write
sit
buy

The verb group of also includes the verbs ( yored, descend), ( yotse, exit)
and ( yodea, know). The verb ( holex, walk/go) also belongs to this group,
even though the first letter of the root is rather than .
The verb group of also includes the verbs ( roe, see), ( rotse, want),
(pone, turn), ( ose, do), ( ole, rise) and ( one, answer).
3. The Final Letter Denoting Direction
The letter may be added at the end of certain nouns to denote the direction to. For
instance:
right
to the right

yamin

yamina

left
to the left

Unit 9
94

smol

smola


Homework
.1 ?

1. Using cursive script, identify the items

in the pictures:

.2 :
..

..

) , ,( ) , ,(

2. Complete the verbs in the chart below:

..

..

) , ,(

) , ,(

Unit 9
95

 .3
:

3. Fill in the missing terms (use the

words found below each dialogue).
Use the correct form:

.:
: .

: .480
:
:

?
5.

: . .
: .

, , , , , ,
*************************************************************************************
.:
: . ?
:.
:

: .
:

: .
, , ,
*************************************************************************************

Unit 9
96

 . :

. !

*************************************************************************************
. :

? . /

*************************************************************************************
. :

: .

?
.

, , ,
*************************************************************************************
. : , ?
:
:

.
?

/
/

: 5 . .

.4/ ./
/ ,
.

.e-mail-
:

4. Imagine you need to take a bus

ride. You will need to ask
questions at the information booth,
converse with the ticket sales clerk
and with the people on the bus.
Using these general guidelines and
the word list below, please create a
sample conversation and send it to
me via e-mail.

, , , , , , , , , ,

Unit 9
97

10
Unit 10

A Walking Tour of Jerusalem
Unit Description:
How do I get to the Western Wall? Where can I find the Knesset? Can you recommend a
restaurant in the Old City? This unit will prepare you for a day trip around Israels capital.

We thank JerusalemShots.com for the pictures of Jerusalem.

Unit 10
99


Dictionary
English

How to say

Cursive

Print

hike \ walk

Tiyul

(. )

map

Mapa

camera

Matslema

guide

Madrix

mosque

Misgad

(. )

church

Knesiya

man

gever
Gvarim
tayar
Tayeret
petek
Ptakim

(. )

(. )
(. )

(. )

(. )

tourist
note
religion

dat
Datot

important

xashuv
Xashuva

holy

kadosh
Kdosha

interesting

me'anyen
me'anyenet

religious

dati
datiya

secular

xiloni
Xikonit

Jew \ Jewish

yehudi
Yehudiya

Christian

notsri
Notsriya

Muslim

muslemi
Muslemit

Unit 10
100

Nouns

Adjectives

English
pray

How to say
mitpalel

Cursive

mitpalelet
Lehitpalel
to photograph

Print

metsalem
metsalemet
Letsalem
Mesader

Metayel

Menagen

everybody

Kulam

about \
approximately
capital city

be'erex

time \ once

pa'am
pe'amim
Teva
midbar
Midbariyot

(. )

(. )

put in order \
organize
travel \
go for a walk
play (music)

nature
desert

ir bira

Unit 10
101

Verbs

More Words


Slides from the Unit

Unit 10
102

Unit 10
103

Unit 10
104

Unit 10
105

Unit 10
106


Grammatical Remarks
1. Binyan Piel
The table below presents the conjugation of the verb ( medaber, talk), which belongs
to binyan Piel, in the present tense as well as the infinitive.
//

medabrot

Present Tense
//
//

medabrim

medaberet

//
xxx

medaber

Infinitive
xxx

ledaber

Some other verbs in Binyan Piel include ( mesaxek, play), ( meshalem,

pay), ( mesaper, tell), ( mesader, organize), ( metsalem,
photograph), ( mexapes, search) and ( metayel, travel).

Unit 10
107

talk


Homework
.1 :
.

1. Fill in the missing terms:

, , , .

: , , ,

, . ,
; ,

.
.

.2
:
.
.

2. Choose the correct word and

write it in the correct form:
/ /

/ /
/ /

. .
.

Unit 10
108

/ /
/ /

 .3 :
..

..

) , ,( ) , ,(

3. Complete the verbs in the chart below:

..

..

) , ,(

) , ,(

.4 ,
-.
:

) (:

" that you " 4. Write about a

had, and send it to me via e-mail.
OR:
Write about your home town \ city (you
may use the text below as an example):

?
.
, ) (.
, .
, , , ,
, .
.
, .

Unit 10
109

11
Unit 11

A Night Out in the Restaurant

Unit Description:
Well learn how to order in a restaurant, how to read a menu and converse with your waiter and
even to order a special meal. Be-te'avon!

Unit 11
111


Dictionary
English

How to say

Cursive

Print

tsalaxat

tsalaxot
kos

(. )

(. )

(. )

(. / . )

(. )

(.. )

menu

tafrit

plate
glass \ cup

kosot
fork

mazleg
mazlegot

knife

sakin

chicken

sakinim
of

Nouns

ofot
rice

explain

orez
gvina
masbir
masbira
lehasbir

agree

maskim

believe

ma'amin

stop

mafsik

continue

mamshix

disturb

mafri'a

decide

maxlit

recommend

mamlits

celebrate

xogeg

smoke

me'ashen

get excited

mitragesh

cheese

mitrageshet
clean

naki
nekiya

dirty

meluxlax

meluxlexet

Unit 11
112

Verbs

Adjectives

English

How to say

Cursive

Print

First course

mana rishona

Main course

mana ikarit

Final Course/
Dessert
Dessert

mana axrona

Seconds (as in
more food)
side dish
instead

tosefet

(. )

bimkom

Bon appetite!

be-te'avon

kinu'ax
tosafot

Unit 11
113

More Words


Slides from the Unit

Unit 11
114

Unit 11
115

Unit 11
116

Unit 11
117

Unit 11
118

Unit 11
119


Grammatical Remarks
1. Binyan Hifil
The conjugation of the verbs in binyan Hifil is represented in the chart below by the verb
( mazmin, invite). Some other verbs in Binyan Hifil include ( matxil, start),
( masbir, explain), ( mafsik, stop), ( maskim, agree) and
(maamin, believe).
Two sub-groups within binyan Hifil are represented in the chart by the verbs ( makir,
know/be acquainted with) and ( mevin, understand).
The root of the verb is '' ' . The letter is omitted throughout the conjugation of the
verb in present tense as well as the infinitive. Another verb in this group is ( magia,
arrive). Notice the final vowel a of the letter in the infinitive and singular masculine
form of this verb.
The root of the verb is '' ' . The letter is omitted throughout the conjugation of the
verb in present tense as well as the infinitive. (The letter in these forms of the verb is not
part of the root but rather part of the binyan). Notice the change in the vowel of the initial
letter : from a (in )to e (in ).
//

Present Tense
//
//

mazminot

mazminim

mazmina

makirot

magiot

makirim

magiim

makira

magia

mevinot

mevinim

mevina

Unit 11
120

//
xxx

mazmin
xx

makir

magia
xx

mevin

Infinitive
xxx

lehazmin
xx

lehakir

lehagia
xx

lehavin

invite

know
arrive

understand


Homework
.1
1. Choose the correct word and
:
write it in the correct form:
. .

/ /

, .

/ /

/ /

.
.

: .
20.

. ,

..

..

) , ,( ) , ,(

/ /

.2 :

/ /

/ /

2. Complete the verbs in the chart below:

..

..

) , ,(

) , ,(

Unit 11
121

12
Unit 12

Israel
Unit Description:
This will serve as a review of previous units. You already know Hebrew. Now all you have to do
is come visit Israel.

Unit 12
123


Dictionary
English

How to say

passport

darkon

suitcase

mizvada

flight

tisa

host \ steward

dayal

Cursive

Print

(. )

(. )

(. )

(. )

dayelet
key

mafte'ax
maftexot

swimming pool

brexa

(. )

class \ unit

shi'ur

(. )

idea

ra'ayon

(. )

(. )

(. )

(. )

(. )

ra'ayonot
Channukah lamp

xanukiya

mezuzah

mezuza

airport

sde te'ufa

gym

xadar kosher

time \ once

pa'am
pe'amim
mitkarev
mitkarevet
lehitkarev

(. )

to get married

mitxaten

to get dressed

mitlabesh

to wash (oneself)

mitraxets

pleasant \ nice

na'im

to become close to

ne'ima
comfortable

no'ax

no'xa
up

lemala

down

lemata

Unit 12
124

Nouns

Verbs

Adjectives

More Words


Slides from the Unit

Unit 12
125

Unit 12
126

Unit 12
127

Unit 12
128

Unit 12
129


Grammatical Remarks
1. Binyan Hitpael
The table below presents the conjugation of the verb ( mitlabesh, get dressed),
which belongs to binyan Hitpael, in the present tense as well as the infinitive.
//

mitlabshot

Present Tense
//
//

mitlabshim

mitlabeshet

//
xxx

mitlabesh

Infinitive
xxx

lehitlabesh

get
dressed

Some other verbs in Binyan Hitpael include ( mitragesh, get excited),

(mitxaten, get married), ( mitkarev, approach) and ( mitraxets, wash up).

Unit 12
130


Homework
.1 :
1. Complete the verbs in the chart below:
..

..

) , ,( ) , ,(

..

..

) , ,(

) , ,(

.2 :
/
.

2. Please write dialogue: Abraham go

home and tell a friend / family member
on the trip to Israel.

Unit 12
131

13
Unit 13

The students are excellent
Unit Description:
In this unit we'll learn to understand and say sentences without verbs. In Hebrew, the verb "to
be" doesn't exist in present tense. What do we do?
Study of verbless sentences will broaden our expressive ability and comprehension in Hebrew.

Unit 13
133


Dictionary
English
car

How to say

Cursive

mekhonit

Print

(. )

mekhoniot
way

derekh
drakhim

(. )

bag

tiq

package

xavila

quiet \ silence

sheqet
xanut
xanuyot
xayim
shamayim
nexmad
nexmada
arokh
aruka
arukim
arukot
qatsar
qtsara
gavoha
gvoha
namukh
nemukha
shamen
shmena
raze
raza

(.. )

(. )

(.. )

(.. )

store
life
sky
nice
long

short
high
short \ low
fat
thin \ skinny
cheap

zol

zola
interesting

me'anyen
me'anyenet
Unit 13
134

Nouns

Adjectives

English
old (animate)

How to say

Cursive

Print

katom

ktuma

zaqen
zqena

young

tsa'ir
tse'ira

special

meyuxad

quiet \ silent

meyuxedet
shaqet
shqeta

fresh

tari
triya

orange

sagol

sgul

always

tamid

noun

shem etsem

adjective

shem to'ar

sentence

mishpat

museum

muze'on

discotheque

disqoteq

purple \ violet

Unit 13
135

Adjectives

More words


Slides from the Unit

Unit 13
136

Unit 13
137


Grammatical Remarks
1. The Nominal Clause
A nominal clause is a sentence that does not have a verb as its predicate. In the Hebrew
language, there are different types of nominal clauses which contain different types of
predicates. Some examples for possible predicates in a nominal clause include: a noun, an
adjective, a prepositional phrase, etc. Another type of a nominal clause is a /sentence. In other languages, such as English, the equivalent sentences often contain the
verb to be.
For example:

David is an ulpan-teacher.

The book is excellent.

The parents are not at home.

There is a problem.

Notice that when the predicate is a noun or an adjective, it has to agree with the subject in
gender and number.
For example:
Plural

Singular

Feminine

Masculine

Feminine

Masculine

Notice, also, that when the predicate in a nominal clause is an adjective, the noun and the
adjective do not agree in definiteness: while the noun is definite, the adjective must be
indefinite.
For example:

The apartment is new.

In this example, the noun, which functions as the subject of the sentence, is definite (),
while the adjective, which functions as the predicate of the sentence, is indefinite ().
In a noun-adjective compound, on the other hand, the noun and the adjective must agree in
definiteness.
For example:

We are buying a new apartment.

We love the new apartment.

Unit 13
138

.
.


Homework
.1 :
1. Complete the sentences using the
correct word:
.

.
.

Unit 13
139

14
Unit 14

The excellent students are sitting on
small chairs
Unit Description:
In this unit well continue further and deeper into the subject of matching an adjective to a noun.

Unit 14
141


Dictionary
English
dress

How to say

Cursive

simla

Print

(. )

smalot
coat

me'il

pants \ trousers

mikhnasayim

shirt

xultsa

skirt

xats'it

xatsa'iyot
undershirt

gufiya
gufiyot

movie \ film
long

short
high
short \ low
fat
thin \ skinny

seret
sratim
arokh
aruka
arukim
arukot
qatsar
qtsara
gavoha
gvoha
namukh
nemukha
shamen
shmena
raze
raza

cheap

zol
zola

expensive

yaqar

yeqara
happy

same'ax
smexa

Unit 14
142

Nouns

Adjectives

English
sad

How to say

Cursive

atsuv

Print

atsuva
interesting

me'anyen
me'anyenet

boring

mesha'amem
mesha'amemet

smart \ wise

xakham
xakhama

stupid

tippesh
tipsha

old (animate)

zaqen
zqena

young

tsa'ir
tse'ira

this (m.)
this (f.)
these

ha-ze

next \ coming

ha-ba

ha-zot

ha-elle

ha-ba'a

ha-ba'im

Unit 14
143

Adjectives

More
Words


Slides from the Unit

Unit 14
144

Unit 14
145

Unit 14
146


Grammatical Remarks
1. The Correspondence between Nouns and Adjectives: Gender and Number
The adjectives in Hebrew follow the nouns they modify and always correspond to them in
gender and number.
For example:

new apartment
big rooms

When the plural form of the noun is irregular (i.e. a masculine plural ending to a feminine
noun or vice versa), the adjective keeps its regular form according to the nouns gender.
For example:

young women
expensive tables

2. Feminine Nouns
The Hebrew nouns do not always have a definite gender marker. Therefore, it is necessary
to learn and memorize the gender of each noun. However, there are some rules that make it
easier sometimes to tell the gender of a noun. Below is a description of some groups of
feminine nouns:
1. Nouns ending with an accented syllable . For instance: ( girl),
(family), ( class).
2. Most nouns ending with , / , or . For instance: ( car),
(notebook), ( plate), ( mistake).
3. The nouns ( country) and ( city), as well as all the names of countries and
cities except for the Vatican ().
4. Most body members which have a dual form. For instance: ( hand), ( leg/foot),
( eye).
5. Miscellaneous feminine nouns with no gender marker. For instance: ( stomach),
( cup), ( time, as in: three times).

Unit 14
147

3. The Demonstrative Pronouns , and

Demonstrative pronouns are words that indicate the entities to which the speaker refers to
and distinguish them from other entities. For instance: the English words this and these
function as demonstrative pronouns. The Hebrew equivalents of these English words are
( for singular masculine nouns), ( for singular feminine nouns) and ( for
plural nouns, either masculine or feminine). These Hebrew pronouns behave like
adjectives, i.e.: they follow the noun they refer to and they correspond to it in gender,
number and definite article.
For example:

this guy

this girl

these guys/girls

Notice that the demonstrative pronouns in everyday Hebrew contain a definite article
() . In contrast to this, in English, it is impossible to add the definite article
the to the demonstrative pronouns this and these.
4. The Correspondence between Adjectives and Nouns: Definite Article
The adjectives in Hebrew correspond to the nouns they modify not only in gender and
number, but also in definiteness.
For example:

an interesting movie

the interesting movie

Unit 14
148

5. The Prepositions ..., ... and ... Combined with the Definite Article
When the preposition ...( in/at) is followed by the definite article ... , it merges with
the definite article and becomes ... . The same is true for the preposition ...( to/for),
which, together with the definite article, becomes ... . However, the preposition ...
(from) does not merge with the definite article. Instead, it joins it to form the combination
... . For example:
.

We study in a classroom.
We study in the new classroom.

I am going to a movie.
I am going to the movie of Spielberg.

.
.
.

Yosi is coming from yoga class.

Yosi is coming from the class in the university.

6. The Vowels in Hebrew

There are five vowels in standard Modern Hebrew: a, e, i, o, u. The written vowel system in
Hebrew, called nikkud (), consists of a set of lines and dots above, below or inside
the letters. Each one of the five Hebrew vowels may be represented by several nikkud signs.
In addition to these vowel-signs, there is a sign denoting a no-vowel, which may be applied
to a final consonant in a syllable.
Most texts in Modern Hebrew are written without nikkud, which is mostly used now in
religious texts, poetry and childrens books. It is almost not used at all in handwriting. The
nikkud system follows a complicated set of rules. It is unnecessary to learn how to use nikkud,
as most native Hebrew speakers do not know how to use it correctly. Nevertheless, it is
important to learn to recognize the different signs of the nikkud system, because they are often
used to clarify the correct pronunciation in words that might be difficult or ambiguous.

Unit 14
149

Below are the nikkud signs, arranged by the vowels they represent:
Example

The signs name

The nikkud
sign

The vowel and its

pronunciation

there

kamats

also

patax

xataf patax

yes

tsere

boy

segol

wonderful

xataf segol

where to

shva 1

with

xirik xaser

man

xirik male

as in eat

no

xolam xaser

good

xolam male

as in more

all

kamats katan 2

noon

xataf kamats

cake

shuruk

table

kubuts

as in noon

student

shva 1

Notes for the table:

1

The shva may indicate either no-vowel or the vowel e.

There is no shape difference between the signs kamats and kamats katan.

Unit 14
150

as in up

e
as in bet

no vowel


Homework
.1 :
.

1. Complete the sentences using

the correct adjectives:

) / / /(

) / / /(
) / / /(

.
.

. '
.

.
.

) / / /(

) / / /(
) / ) / (le) / (la (...

.
.

) / / /(
) / / /(

.
.

) / / /(

) ) / (be )((ba
) / ) / (be ) / (ba )((le
) / ) / (le) / (la(...

.2 :

2. Write the opposites:

Unit 14
151

 .3 :

3. Write and say in plural form:

.4 :
.

/
/

.
.

4. Complete the sentences using the

correct word:

.
.

.
.
.

Unit 14
152

 .5 :

5. Write and say in singular form:

. .
.

. .
.

. .
.

. .
.

. .
.

Unit 14
153

15
Unit 15

Vegetable salad and fruitcake
Unit Description:
In this unit we'll learn about combining noun constructs. Understanding noun constructs and the
ability to create them will broaden and enrich our manner of expression in Hebrew.

Unit 15
155


Dictionary
English

How to say

soup

maraq

ice cream

glida

cake

uga

bottle

baqbuq

Cursive

Print

baqbuqim
cheese

gvina
gvinot

cream

shamenet

Talmudic college

yeshiva

shoe

na'al
na'alayim
aruxa
perax
praxim
matana
qibuts
kartis
gever
gvarim

(. )

(. )

(. )

(. )

meal
flower
gift \ present
kibbutz
ticket
man
tree \ wood

ets
etsim

land \ earth \ ground

adama

hike \ trip

tiyul
xag

holiday
olive
love

zayit
zeitim
ahava

Unit 15
156

Nouns


Slides from the Unit

Unit 15
157

Unit 15
158


Grammatical Remarks
1. The Construct Chain
A construct chain (in Hebrew: )is a phrase combined of two (or more) consecutive
nouns. The first noun is the kernel of the construct chain, and it is modified by the second
noun. Phrases of this kind exist in English, too, albeit in a reversed order: the first word
modifies the second word, which is the kernel of the phrase.
For example:

apple pie

In this example, the phrase, as a whole, is referring to a pie ( )the first word of the
Hebrew phrase. The word ( apples) modifies the word by indicating what
kind of pie it is, or more specifically what it is made of () . There are
different ways in which the second noun of the construct chain may modify the first noun.
Here are some examples:
a book for children

children book

a song about love

love song

morning stroll

a stroll in the morning

The two nouns in a construct chain do not necessarily agree with each other in number or in
gender. In the examples above, the word is singular, while the word is plural;
and the word is masculine, while the word is feminine.
The first noun in a construct chain may display some changes. For instance, if the noun, in
its absolute state form, ends with , it ends with in its construct state form.
For example:

pie apple pie

Unit 15
159


Homework
.1
1. Match the construct states to the
:
corresponding expressions.
) (1

)(

) (2

)(

) (3

)(

) (4

)(

) (5

)(

) (6

)(

) (7

)(

) (8

)(

) (9

)(

.2
:

2. Write the construct states and say

them out loud:

/'

Unit 15
160

 .3 ) + (
+ ?

3. Construct state (noun +noun) or

?noun + adjective

Unit 15
161

16
Unit 16

! ,
Danny says that theres nothing in the
house no coffee, and not even sugar!
Unit Description:
In this unit we'll study double negative expressions (never, nothing) and how to use them in Hebrew.

Unit 16
163


Dictionary
English

How to say

Cursive

Print

exercise

targil

search \ look for

mexapes

mexapeset
lexapes
to photograph

metsalem

be late

me'axer

sleep

yashen

yeshena
lishon
agree

maskim
maskima
lehaskim

last

axaron
axrona

apparently \ probably

kanir'e

even

afilu

nothing

shum davar

never

af pa'am

nobody

af exad

tired

ayef
ayefa

hungry

ra'ev
re'eva

thirsty

tsame
tsme'a

Unit 16
164

Nouns

Verbs

More
Words


Slides from the Unit

Unit 16
165

Unit 16
166

Unit 16
167

Unit 16
168


Grammatical Remarks
1. Negative Clauses Containing the Words , or
The words , and appear always in negative clauses, i.e.: in
sentences that express negation. These words must always be accompanied by a negation
word, such as or . For example:
Why dont you say anything?

There is nobody here. (literally: There isnt anybody here.)

I never smoke.

The positive counterpart of is ;and of . For Example:

I want to do something.

I dont want to do anything.

Somebody ate the cake.

Nobody ate the cake.

When , or appears in a context, e.g. in a conversation, the

negation word may be omitted. In such a case, the negation is understood from the context.
For example:
What do you want to drink?

"? "

Nothing. (=I dont want to do anything.)

(." )= . "

2. Indirect Speech
Indirect speech may be expressed, in Hebrew, by the conjunction ... .
For example:

She says that Yosi is at work.

When transforming direct speech into indirect speech, it is sometimes necessary to modify
the pronouns, the verbs or the prepositions in the quote. For example:
Roni said: I am from Haifa.

." " :

Roni said that he is from Haifa.

The kids say: we went to the movies.

." " :

The kids say that they went to the movies.

You said: we dont have time.

." " :

You said that you dont have time.

Unit 16
169


Homework
.1 :
1. Complete the sentences using the
. .

correct word:
/ /

. .

. .

/ /
/ /

. ,
,

. ,18:00- .19:00

/ /
/ /

.
/ /

. .

/ /

.
. , ?

/ /

. ,

.2 :

/ /

2. Change the sentences to indirect speech:

. : .
.
. : .
.
. : .
.
. : , .
.
. : .
.

Unit 16
170

 . : .
.
. : .
.
. : .
.
. : , .
.

.3 :

3. Change the sentences to direct speech:

.
.
.
. .
.
. .
.
. .
.
. .
.
. , .
.
. .
.

Unit 16
171

17
Unit 17

Its Useful to Learn Hebrew
Unit Description:
It's useful to learn Hebrew.
No smoking!
It's impossible to ski in Jerusalem.
In this unit we will learn about infinitive-combinations, and by the end we will be able to
construct similar sentences in Hebrew.

Unit 17
173


Dictionary
English

How to say

(. )

Asur

mutar

Kdai
lo kdai

Gil

forbidden
allowed
worthwhile

famous

Print

age

(im)possible

Cursive

Efshar
ee-efshar

mefursam

mefursemet
expensive

Yakar

cheap

yekara
Zol

...

zola
marry

Mitxaten
mitxatenet
lehitxaten

wash (oneself)

mitraxets

photograph

Metsalem

metsalemet
letsalem
to be late

me'axer

smoke
(verb)
drive
(a vehicle)

me'ashen

Noheg
noheget
linhog

shout

tso'ek

laugh

Tsoxek

Unit 17
174

Nouns

More Words

Adjectives

Verbs

English
sleep

How to say

Cursive

Print

Yashen
yeshena
lishon

buy

Kone
kona
liknot

Unit 17
175

Verbs


Slides from the Unit

Unit 17
176


Grammatical Remarks
1. The Infinitive Combinations: Impersonal Clauses
An impersonal clause is a sentence where the doer of the action is not specified. For
example, the sentence It is said that the show must go on presents only what is being said
(the show must go on) while leaving the speaker unspecified (it is said).
There are several syntactic structures in Hebrew which express the idea of an impersonal
subject. One of them is the infinitive combination. There are several words which may
be followed by an infinitive in order to produce an infinitive combination. Some of these
words are: , , , , , , , and .
For example:
It is impossible to see anything.

Is it allowed to smoke here?

These two sentences are impersonal, since they do not specify the doer of the action: the
first sentence does not indicate who is unable to see anything, while the second sentence
does not indicate who is allowed to smoke.
Notice that while the English sentences begin with the words it is, no such addition is
necessary before the infinitive combination in the Hebrew sentences. In other words: one
may not add the word in the beginning of these sentences.

Unit 17
177


Homework
.1 :
1. Choose the correct answer:
.

/ /

/ /

/ /

, .

/ /

.18

/ /

/ /
/ /

/ /

/ /

. ,

.2 :
:

/ /

2. Check yourself: Write the correct

letter from the answers you selected:

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

1 ,

1 ,

2 ,

1 ,

1 ,

4 ,

5 ,

1 ,

1 ,

4 ,

2 ,

3 ,

.3
.

3. Review the dictionaries from previous

units.

Unit 17
178

18
Unit 18

For Me and You
Unit Description:
In this unit we will learn the inflection of the preposition "...", as well as verbs and expressions
that require using this inflection.
By the end of the unit we will be able to say in plain Hebrew:
"He has no time!" or "Perhaps you can help me?"

Unit 18
179


Dictionary
English

How to say

Cursive

Print

vacation

xufsha

idea

ra'ayon

(. )

ra'ayonot
explain

masbir
masbira

fit

mat'im

bring

mevi

make \ prepare

mexin

find

motse

motset
limtso
hurt

ko'ev

exit \ go out

yotse

latset
answer \ reply

one
ona

wait

mexake
mexaka

Unit 18
180

Nouns

Verbs


Slides from the Unit

Unit 18
181


Grammatical Remarks
1. The Inflection of the Preposition ...( To/For)
The prepositions in Hebrew are declined according to the different pronouns (, , ,
etc. The
etc.). For example, the inflection of the preposition ...( to/for) is: , , ,
table below presents the full inflection of this preposition.
Feminine

Masculine

1st person
Singular: 2nd person
3rd person

1st person
Plural:

2nd person
3rd person

Notice that the pronunciation of the form ( to him) is identical to that of the word
( no). Since the two words are very common in Hebrew, one should mind their
spelling.
Below is an example of the usage of the preposition ...: in the first sentence, this
preposition is not declined, while in the second one it is declined. As demonstrated in this
example, a change in the word order of the sentence may occur when converting the
prepositional phrase (e.g. )into the declined form of the preposition (e.g. ).
. -

I am writing an e-mail to Lea.

.-

I am writing her an e-mail.

2. Expressions Containing the Preposition ...

There are several expression in Hebrew which contain the preposition ....
Here are some of them:

I have / I dont have

My name is (colloquial)

... / ...
( )...

I am hot. / I am cold.

. / .

I feel like (colloquial)

( )...

I am bored. (colloquial)

( ).

suits/fits me.
Unit 18
182

...

The word in the examples above may be replaced with any other form of the
preposition ..., either declined or not declined.
For example:
Black really suits you.

The clerk does not have time now.

Shai is bored. He wants to do something interesting.

Unit 18
183

. .


Homework
.1
:
.

.
.

/ /

/ /

.
.

1. Choose the suitable preposition:

/ /
/ /

/ /

. -
.
.

/ /

/ /

/ /

.
.

/ /

/ /
/ /

/ /

/ /

/ /

Unit 18
184

 .2 ...
:

2. Complete the sentences with the

suitable form of the preposition:

) : ,... , ,(...
. .
. .
.
.

? ?
. .

. . ,

.
.

. ,
. ?
. , ?!

.
?

. ,
...

Unit 18
185

19
Unit 19

-
Me You
Unit Description:
How do you say in Hebrew "I love you"? In this unit we will learn the inflection of the
preposition "".

Unit 19
187


Dictionary
English
shoe

How to say

Cursive

Print

na'al
na'alayim

find

motse

(. )

Nouns

Unit 19
188

Verbs


Slides from the Unit

Unit 19
189


Grammatical Remarks
1. The Inflection of the Preposition
As explained in unit 14 (item 2 of the grammatical remarks), the prepositions
precedes
the definite direct object in a sentence.
For example:

I invited my friends.

Like all the other prepositions in Hebrew, the preposition

is declined according to the
different persons (, , , etc.).
For example:

I invited them.

The vowel of the preposition

is e. However, in its inflection, the vowel of this
preposition changes to o, and there is an additional letter that marks this vowel (, ,
, etc.). There are two exceptions to this rule: in the 2nd person plural forms ( and
) , the vowel is e, just like in the non-declined form of the preposition: , and there
is no letter .
The 3rd person plural forms of the preposition
do not contain the letter like their
counterparts in the inflections of the prepositions ... and ( compare the forms

to the forms , , and ) .

and
The table below presents the full inflection of the preposition .

Feminine

Masculine

1st person
Singular: 2nd person
3rd person

1st person
Plural:

2nd person
3rd person

Unit 19
190


Homework
.1 :

1. Complete the dialogue:

: , , ,... ,
.

: ,

?
.

:
: .

, .
: . .
: .

: ?

: . . .

.2 :

2. Choose the correct answer:

.

. .
. ,

) / /(

) / /(

.
. ,

) / /(

) / /(

Unit 19
191

) / /(

? ?

) / /(

) / /(

. ?
. ,

) / /(

) / /(

) / /(

) / /(

. . .
) / /(

. ?
) / /(

. , .
. : ,

: ,

) / /(
) / ( /
) / /(

. ?
) / /(

.

, .
. .

. ,

Unit 19
192

) / /(
) / /(