tsaMMMbahan (Report-long activity.

Random questions that has minimum(or nothing at all) relation

to the topic being discussed. Objective: to lighten up the mood). Parts are marked here as (***)
Thermobimetal
Thermobimetals are composite materials composed of two or more layers of metals, each having
different coefficients of thermal expansion given ambient temperature conditions.
They are usually used in manufacturing temperature sensing elements in automatic control
equipments and instruments for temperature control, temperature compensation, current restriction
and temperature indication.
***Golden Question: (Show Combi commercial) Watch the video closely.
Anong kulay ng O sa logo ng Combi?
Structure
arrangement of materials internal components
Manganese, the main constituent of the master layer, is a transition metal with a body-centered cubic
crystal structure. Its edge lengths a, b and c all measure 891.25 pm while its inter-axial angles are all equal
to 90.
***Question 1: Ang mangga ang pambansang prutas ng Pilipinas. In the manga Fruits Basket, what did Kyo give
Tohru when they were at the Sohma summer house?
M. a hat
A. a banana
T. a hermit crab
E. a pebble
Nickel, the primary component of the passive layer, is a face centered cubic with edge length 352.4 pm and inter axial
angle 90. Because of the face centered structure of nickel, it tends to be ductile and malleable, making it suitable for
the production of the thin metal sheets.
***Question 2:
Cathie Jung (show picture) has set a world record last 2011 for having a waist about the size of a regular mayonnaise
bottle. To achieve this very thin waist size, she had to wear a corset 24 hours a day. What is Jungs vital statistics?
M. 38-14-40
A. 39-15-39
T. 38-16-38
E. 39-15-40
Properties

As thermobimetals being made from metals, the smart material exhibit similar properties as its
counterpart individual components. It should be noted, however, that the metals to be used for the
production of this material is compatible with one another in relation to the actual use of

thermobimetals (e.g. rusting, thermal expansion coefficients). Metals are usually alloyed with
impurities to improve on its properties. A good exhibit of these properties is the Bloom.
***Question 3: Alin sa mga sumusunod ang hindi kabilang sa number prefixes ng Smart subscribers?
M. 0943
A. 0947
T. 0989
E. 0998
The Bloom is an architectural application of thermobimetals where the material acts as a automatic
ventilation system such that when the material reaches a certain amount of heat energy enough to
cause bending of the material, and then forming back to its passive state, as it cools down. This is
caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of its components.
Doris Kim Sung, the conceiver of the product, in particular used manganese and nickel bimetals with
iron impurities.
***Question 4: In the movie Finding Nemo, Dory the fish was voiced by Ellen DeGeneres. When was
Ellen born?
M. January 26, 1958
A. November 19, 1959
T. May 15, 1958
E. February 2, 1957
The active/master layer is made of Manganese, which has the higher thermal expansion coefficient
compared with passive layers material which is Nickel.
Manganese is usually alloyed with iron and nickel or with nickel and copper as it tends to be very
reactive when pure. Addition of nickel makes manganese more corrosion resistant as well. Meanwhile,
the nickel in the passive layer is usually alloyed with iron or cobalt and iron to further enhance its
properties.
Performance
ability to function efficiently for the intended application
Thermobimetals have been used since the beginning of the industrial revolution. A lamination of two
metals together with different thermal expansion coefficients, it simply deforms when heated or
cooled. As the temperature rises, one side of the laminated sheet will expand more than the other. The
result will be a curved or curled piece of sheet metal. Reacting with outside temperatures, this smart
material has the potential to develop selfactuating intake or exhaust for facades. Available in the form
of strips, disks or spirals, thermobimetals are commonly used today in thermostats as a measurement
and control system and in electrical controls as components in mechatronic systems. So far, however,
few applications in architecture have been documented. Automatically opening and closing ventilation
flaps have been developed and installed in greenhouses and for use as selfclosing fire protection flaps,
but nothing has been published on the development of this material for building skins.

***Question 5: Seryoso na. If blooms are selfactuating ventilation systems, how young is Sir Vincent?

M. 21
A. 22
T. 23
E. young til 70
Processing
In the processing of thermobimetals, component metals are first melted in high-frequency furnaces.
Samples are taken from each melt to verify the composition of the metals. The resistivity and
expansion properties of each metal is determined.
The metal strips are joined together by cold bonding. Special measures are done to ensure that the
joint is free from defects. Microscopic and mechanical tests are done to check the quality of the
combined metal.
The bonded metal is then rolled in cold-rolling mills to reduce its thickness. Between various rolling
processes, the metal strips are heat-treated in annealing furnaces in a controlled atmosphere.
Sequence of annealing and rolling affects the properties of the bimetal.
Cold-rolled strips are then provided with respective quality designation marks and the edges are slit
and deburred. Markings are also placed to distinguish the part which expands faster.
Below is a sample process flow of the Bimetal-fabricating company, KANTHAL
***Rai Velasco won as our ESC Chairperson. Who won as Food Tech Representative to the College of
Home Economics Student Council?
M. Francis Magtibay
A. Dazzle Mercado
T. Erika Balankig
E. Pauline Candelaria
Fabrication of Bimetals according to KANTHAL
1.) Stamping, Cutting, Bending and Coiling Bimetal Strip
a.) Stamping and Cutting
b.) Bending
c.) Coiling
2.) Stress-Relieving (Ageing)
3.) Mounting
4.) Spot Welding
Characterization
Thermobimetals are essentially bi-layered materials made from two different metals/metal alloys of
different thermal expansion coefficients. For the case of the bimetal material in bloom, Manganese
comprises the master layer, with a high expansion coeffient, 21.7x10-6m/mC, while passive layer has
Nickel as its main component with 13.3x10-6m/mC expansion coeffient. The coefficients of thermal
expansion were determined using a quartz system dilatometer.

The curvature (K) of the bimetal (when it bends) is given from the elasticity of the two materials and
the thickness and the misfit strain (E), which is given by the difference in thermal expansion and the
temperature difference from the reference temperature i.e. when the metal has no flexure.

6 E 1 E2 (h1 +h 2 )h1 h2
E h + 4 E1 E 2 h 31 h2 +6 E 1 E2 h21 h22+ 4 E 1 E2 h1 h32 + E22 h42

2
1

4
1

where

=( 1 2) T

The bending is predefined by the different metals used, as the curvature , is directly related to the
Youngs modulus of the material. So the curvature is always the same and can therefore easily be
modelled.
***Question 7. Taylor series is a representation of a function as an infinite sum of terms that are calculated from
the values of the function's derivatives at a single point.
How many times did Taylor Swift say Shake it off, in her song Shake it off?
M. 41
A. 39
T. 36
E. 42

References
http://www.kanthal.com/Global/Downloads/Materials%20in%20wire%20and%20strip
%20form/Thermostatic%20bimetal/Bimetal%20handbook%20ENG.pdf //processing, book about
thermobimetals!! :)
http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/82/1/Howard.pdf
http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/214574/214574.pdf
https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=YA13AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA89&lpg=PA89&dq=thermobimetal+fabrication+technique&source=bl&ots=j
JqtBKU9E&sig=QSaRFvDhay1KzW6mPFvAysR098E&hl=fil&sa=X&ei=5uM4VZjRD4XSoAT3moDADw&ved=0CD
0Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=thermobimetal%20fabrication%20technique&f=false
http://www.builderonline.com/products/exteriors/responsive-metal-alloy-may-revolutionize-passivesystems_o
https://www.google.com/patents/US1993020

Quiz Questions (15 points)

1.) Of the five basic materials taught in MatE 10, thermobimetals is best categorized
under which category? Why? (2 points)

2.) True or False. Brass (copper + zinc) is a bimetal (1 point)

3.) Give at least two applications of thermobimetals (2 points)
4.) True or False. The coefficients of thermal expansion of the two metals from which the
bimetal is produced must be close to each other (1 point)
5.) Having knowledge about blooms,
a.) Explain briefly the mechanism behind the thermobimetal Bloom as a
selfactuating ventilation system (4 points - 1 point for identifying the main metal
components/constituents, 3 points for the explanation of mechanism)
b.) What is the structure of the main constituent of the master layer in
Bloom? (1 point)
c.) Give the 4 general steps in fabricating bimetals according to
KANTHRAL (4 points)