Primer On Quantitative Aptitude

1.Tenyearsago,PwashalfofQinage.
Iftheratiooftheirpresentagesis3:4,whatwillbethetotalof
theirpresentages?
A.45
B.40
C.35
D.30
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Hereistheanswerandexplanation
Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
LetthepresentageofPandQbe3xand4xrespectively.
Tenyearsago,PwashalfofQinage
=>(3x10)=(4x10)
=>6x20=4x10
=>2x=10
=>x=5
totaloftheirpresentages=3x+4x=7x=75=35
2.FatherisagedthreetimesmorethanhissonSunil.After8years,hewouldbetwoandahalftimesof
Sunil'sage.Afterfurther8years,howmanytimeswouldhebeofSunil'sage?
A.4times
B.4times
C.2times
D.3times

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
AssumethatSunil'spresentage=x.
Thenfather'spresentage=3x+x=4x
After8years,fathersage=2timesofSunils'age
=>(4x+8)=2(x+8)
=>4x+8=(5/2)(x+8)
=>8x+16=5x+40
=>3x=4016=24
=>x=24/3=8
Afterfurther8years,
Sunil'sage=x+8+8=8+8+8=24
Father'sage=4x+8+8=48+8+8=48
Father'sage/Sunil'sage=48/24=2
3.Aman'sageis125%ofwhatitwas10yearsago,but831/3%ofwhatitwillbeafterten10years.
Whatishispresentage?
A.70
B.60
C.50
D.40

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Lettheagebefore10years=x
Then125x/100=x+10
=>125x=100x+1000
=>x=1000/25=40
Presentage=x+10=40+10=50
4. A man is 24 years older than his son. In two years, his age will be twice the age of his son. What is
thepresentageofhisson?
A.23years
B.22years
C.21years
D.20years
Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Letthepresentageoftheson=xyears
Thenpresentagetheman=(x+24)years
Given that in 2 years, man's age will be twice the age of his
son
=>(x+24)+2=2(x+2)
=>x=22
5.PresentagesofKiranandSyamareintheratioof5:4respectively.Threeyearshence,theratioof
theirageswillbecome11:9respectively.WhatisSyam'spresentageinyears?
A.28
B.27
C.26
D.24

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
RatioofthepresentageofKiranandSyam=5:4
=>LetthepresentageofKiran=5x
PresentageofSyam=4x
After3years,ratiooftheirages=11:9
=>(5x+3):(4x+3)=11:9
=>(5x+3)/(4x+3)=11/9
=>9(5x+3)=11(4x+3)
=>45x+27=44x+33
=>x=3327=6
Syam'spresentage=4x=46=24
6.Thesumofagesof5childrenbornattheintervalsof3yearseachis50years.Findouttheageofthe
youngestchild?
A.6years
B.5years
C.4years
D.3years

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Lettheageoftheyoungestchild=x
Thentheagesof5childrencanbewrittenasx,(x+3),(x+6),
(x+9)and(x+12)
X+(x+3)+(x+6)+(x+9)+(x+12)=50
=>5x+30=50
=>5x=20
=>x=20/5=4
7.AistwoyearsolderthanBwhoistwiceasoldasC.ThetotaloftheagesofA,BandCis27.Howold
isB?
A.10
B.9
C.8
D.7

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
LettheageofC=x.Then
AgeofB=2x
AgeofA=2+2x
ThetotalageofA,BandC=27
=>(2+2x)+2x+x=27
=>5x=25
=>25/5=5
B'sage=2x=25=10
8.TheAverageageofaclassof22studentsis21years.Theaverageincreasedby1whentheteacher's
agealsoincluded.Whatistheageoftheteacher?
A.48
B.45
C.43
D.44
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9. A father said to his son, "I was as old as you are at the present at the time of your birth". If the
father'sageis38yearsnow,whatwastheson'sagefiveyearsback?
A.20years
B.18years
C.14years
D.22years

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Lettheson'spresentagebexyears.
Then,(38x)=x
=>2x=38
=>x=38/2=19
Son'sage5yearsback=195=14
10.Ayisha'sageis1/6thofherfather'sage.Ayisha'sfather'sagewillbetwicetheageofShankar'sage
after 10 years. If Shankar's eight birthdays was celebrated two years before, then what is Ayisha 's
presentage.
A.10years
B.12years
C.8years
D.5years

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
ConsiderAyisha'spresentage=x
Thenherfather'sage=6x
Given that Ayisha 's father's age will be twice the age of
Shankar'sageafter10years
=>Shankar'sageafter10years=(6x+10)=3x+5
Also given that Shankar's eight birthdays was celebrated two

yearsbefore=>
Shankar'sageafter10years=8+12=20
=>3x+5=20
=>x=15/3=5
=>Ayisha'spresentage=5years
11.Thesumofthepresentagesofasonandhisfatheris60years.Sixyearsago,father'sagewasfive
timestheageoftheson.After6years,whatwillbeson'sage?
A.23years
B.22years
C.21years
D.20years

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Letthepresentageoftheson=x,then
Presentageofthefather=60x
Sixyearsagofather'sagewas5timestheageoftheson
=>(60x)6=5(x6)
=>84=6x
=>x=84/6=14
Son'sageafter6years=x+6=14+6=20
12.KiarnisyoungerthanBineeshby7yearsandtheiragesareintherespectiveratioof7:9,howold
isKiran?
A.25
B.24.5
C.24
D.23.5

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
LettheagesofKiranandBineeshare7xand9xrespectively
7x=9x7
=>x=7/2=3.5
Kiran'sage=7x=73.5=24.5
13.Sixyearsago,theratiooftheagesofVimalandSarojwas6:5.Fouryearshence,theratiooftheir
ageswillbe11:10.WhatisSaroj'sageatpresent?
A.18
B.17
C.16
D.15

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Given that , six years ago, the ratio of the ages of Vimal and
Saroj=6:5
Hencewecanassumethat
TheageofVimalsixyearsago=6x
TheageofSarojsixyearsago=5x
After4years,theratiooftheirages=11:10
=>(6x+10)/(5x+10)=11/10
=>10(6x+10)=11(5x+10)
=>5x=10
=>x=10/5=2
Saroj'spresentage=5x+6=52+6=16
14.Atpresent,theratiobetweentheagesofShekharandShobhais4:3.After6years,Shekhar'sage
willbe26years.FindouttheageofShobhaatpresent?
A.15years
B.14years
C.13years
D.12years

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
After6years,Shekhar'sagewillbe26years
=>PresentageofShekhar=266=20
LetpresentageofShobha=x
Then
20/x=4/3
=>x=203/4=15
15.Mybrotheris3yearseldertome.Myfatherwas28yearsofagewhenmysisterwasbornwhilemy
mother was 26 years of age when I was born. If my sister was 4 years of age when my brother was
born,thenwhatwastheagemyfatherwhenmybrotherwasborn?
A.35years
B.34years
C.33years
D.32years

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Letmyage=x
Then
Mybrother'sage=x+3
Mymother'sage=x+26
Mysister'sage=(x+3)+4=x+7
MyFather'sage=(x+7)+28=x+35
=>agemyfatherwhenmybrotherwasborn=x+35(x+
3)=32
16. The present ages of A,B and C are in proportions 4 : 7 : 9. Eight years ago, the sum of their ages
was56.Whataretheirpresentages(inyears)?
A.Insufficientdata
B.16,30,40
C.16,2840
D.16,28,36

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Let's take the present age of A,B and C as 4x, 7x and 9x
respectively
Then
(4x8)+(7x8)+(9x8)=56
=>20x=80
=>x=4
Hence the present age of A, B and C are 44, 74 and 94

respectively
ie,16,28and36respectively.
17.Aperson'spresentageistwofifthoftheageofhismother.After8years,hewillbeonehalfofthe
ageofhismother.Whatisthepresentageofthemother?
A.60
B.50
C.40
D.30

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Letthepresentageoftheperson=x.
Thenpresentageofthemother=5x/2
Given that , after 8 years, the person will be onehalf of the

ageofhismother.
=>(x+8)=(1/2)(5x/2+8)
=>2x+16=5x/2+8
=>x/2=8
=>x=16
Presentageofthemother=5x/2=516/2=40
18. A is as much younger than B and he is older than C. If the sum of the ages of B and C is 50 years,
whatisdefinitelythedifferencebetweenBandA'sage?
A.Datainadequate
B.3years
C.2years
D.5years

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
AgeofC<AgeofA<AgeofB
GiventhatsumoftheagesofBandCis50years.
=>Let'stakeB'sage=xandC'sage=50x
NowweneedtofindoutB'sageA'sage.Butwecannotfind
outthiswiththegiven
data.
19.Sobha'sfatherwas38yearsofagewhenshewasbornwhilehermotherwas36yearsoldwhenher
brotherfouryearsyoungertoherwasborn.Whatisthedifferencebetweentheagesofherparents?
A.6years
B.5years
C.4years
D.3years

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
LetSobha'sage=xandherbrother'sage=x4
Then
Sobha'sfather'sage=x+38
Sobha'smother'sage=(x4)+36
=> Sobha's father's age Sobha's mother's age = (x + 38)

[(x4)+36]
=x+38x+436
=6
20. The age of father 10 years ago was thrice the age of his son. Ten years hence, father's age will be
twicethatofhisson.Whatistheratiooftheirpresentages?
A.7:3
B.3:7
C.9:4
D.4:9

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Let the age of the son before 10 years = x and age of the
fatherbefore10years=3x
Nowwecanwriteas
(3x+20)=2(x+20)
=>x=20
=>AgeofFatherthesonatpresent=x+10=20+10=30
Ageofthefatheratpresent=3x+10=320+10=70
Requiredratio=70:30=7:3
21. The ages of two persons differ by 16 years. 6 years ago, the elder one was 3 times as old as the
youngerone.Whataretheirpresentagesoftheelderperson?
A.10
B.20
C.30
D.40

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Let'stakethepresentageoftheelderperson=x
andthepresentageoftheyoungerperson=x16
(x6)=3(x166)
=>x6=3x66
=>2x=60
=>x=60/2=30
22.Thepresentageofafatheris3yearsmorethanthreetimestheageofhisson.Threeyearshence,
father'sagewillbe10yearsmorethantwicetheageoftheson.Whatisfather'spresentage?
A.30years
B.31years
C.32yeas
D.33years

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Letthepresentagetheson=x.
Thenpresentageofthefather=3x+3
Given that ,three years hence, father's age will be 10 years

morethantwicetheage
oftheson
=>(3x+3+3)=2(x+3)+10
=>x=10
Father'spresentage=3x+3=310+3=33
23. Kamal was 4 times as old as his son 8 years ago. After 8 years, Kamal will be twice as old as his
son.FindoutthepresentageofKamal.
A.40years
B.38years
C.42years
D.36years

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Lettheageofthesonbefore8years=x.
ThenageofKamalbefore8yearsago=4x
After8years,Kamalwillbetwiceasoldashisson
=>4x+16=2(x+16)
=>x=8
PresentageofKamal=4x+8=48+8=40
24.If6yearsaresubtractedfromthepresentageofAjayandtheremainderisdividedby18,thenthe
presentageofRahulisobtained.IfRahulis2yearsyoungertoDeniswhoseageis5years,thenwhatis
Ajay'spresentage?
A.50years
B.60years
C.55years
D.62years

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
PresentageofDenis=5years
PresentageofRahul=52=3
LetthepresentageofAjay=x
Then(x6)/18=presentageofRahul=3
=>x6=318=54
=>x=54+6=60
25.Theratiooftheageofamanandhiswifeis4:3.Atthetimeofmarriagetheratiowas5:3andAfter
4yearsthisratiowillbecome9:7.Howmanyyearsagoweretheymarried?
A.8years
B.10years
C.11years
D.12years

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Let the present age of the man and his wife be 4x and 3x
respectively.
After4yearsthisratiowillbecome9:7
=>(4x+4)/(3x+4)=9/7
=>28x+28=27x+36
=>x=8
=>Presentageoftheman=4x=48=32
Presentageofhiswife=3x=38=24
Assumethattheygotmarriedbeforetyears.Then
(32t)/(24t)=5/3
=>963t=1205t
=>2t=24
=>t=24/2=12
26.TheproductoftheagesofSyamandSunilis240.IftwicetheageofSunilismorethanSyam'sage
by4years,whatisSunil'sage?
A.16
B.14
C.12
D.10

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
LettheageofSunil=xandageofSyam=y.
Then
xy=240(1)
2x=y+4
=>y=2x4
=>y=2(x2)(2)
Substitutingequation(2)inequation(1).Weget
x2(x2)=240
=>x(x2)=240/2
=>x(x2)=120(3)
Wegotaquadraticequationtosolve.
Always time is precious and objective tests measures not only
howaccurateyouarebutalsohowfastyouare.Wecaneither
solve this quadratic equation in the traditional way. But more
easy way is just substitute the values given in the choices in
the quadratic equation (equation 3 ) and see which choice
satisfytheequation.
Here the option A is 10. If we substitute that value in the
quadraticequation,x(x2)=108whichisnotequalto120
NowtryoptionBwhichis12.Ifwesubstitutethatvalueinthe
quadratic equation, x(x2) = 12 10 = 120. See, we got that
x=12.
HenceSunil'sage=12
(Or else, we cal solve the quadratic equation by factorization

as,
x(x2)=120
=>x22x120=0
=>(x12)(x+10)=0=>x=12or10.Sincexisageandcan
notbenegative,x=12
Or
by
using
b b2 4ac
x=
=
2a
quadratic
formula
as
2 (2) 2 4 1 (120)
21
2
4
+ 480
2 484
2 22
=
=
=
= 12or 10
2
2
2
Sinceageispositive,x=12)
27. One year ago, the ratio of Sooraj's and Vimal's age was 6: 7 respectively. Four years hence, this
ratiowouldbecome7:8.HowoldisVimal?
A.32
B.34
C.36
D.38

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
LettaketheageofSoorajandVimal,1yearagoas6xand7x
respectively.
Giventhat,fouryearshence,thisratiowouldbecome7:8.
=>(6x+5)/(7x+5)=7/8
=>48x+40=49x+35
=>x=5
Vimal'spresentage=7x+1=75+1=36
28.ThetotalageofAandBis12yearsmorethanthetotalageofBandC.Cishowmanyyearyounger
thanA?
A.10
B.11
C.12
D.13

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
GiventhatA+B=12+B+C
=>AC=12+BB=12
=>CisyoungerthanAby12years
29.Sachin'sageafter15yearswillbe5timeshisage5yearsback.FindoutthepresentageofSachin?
A.10years
B.11years
C.12years
D.13years

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
LetthepresentageofSachin=x
Then(x+15)=5(x5)
=>4x=40
=>x=10
30. Sandeep's age after six years will be threeseventh of his father's age. Ten years ago the ratio of
theirageswas1:5.WhatisSandeep'sfather'sageatpresent?
A.30years
B.40years
C.50years
D.60years

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
LettheageofSandeepandhisfatherbefore10yearsbexand
5xrespectively.
Given that Sandeep's age after six years will be threeseventh

ofhisfather'sage
=>x+16=(3/7)(5x+16)
=>7x+112=15x+48
=>8x=64
=>x=8
Sandeep'sfather'spresentage=5x+10=58+10=50
Comments(244)
Newest
danielbishop 02Feb201512:37AM
MyBrotherisfouryearsolderthanIam.Thesumofouragesis34.Howoldarewe?
Like | Dislike | Reply | Flag
Jay 11Feb20159:46PM
taketheagesasxand(x+4)
sum=2x+4=34=>x=15
agesare15and19
amritava 29Jan201512:48PM
themeanoftheagesoffatherandhissonis27years.after18years,fatherwillbetwiceasoldashisson.
whatwouldbetheirpresentages?
Raj 09Feb201511:51PM
letageoffatherbexandhissonbey
(x+y)/2=27
x+y=54(eq1)
After18years,fatherwillbetwiceasoldashisson
(x+18)=2(y+18)
x+18=2y+36
x2y=18(eq2)
Subtractingeq2fromeq1
3y=36
y=12
x=54y=42
Presentageofthefather=42
Presentageoftheson=12
I mportantFormulas-Area
1.
P ythagoreanTheorem
(P ythagoras'theorem )
Inarightangledtriangle,thesquareofthehypotenuseisequaltothesumofthesquaresoftheothertwosides
c 2 =a 2 +b 2
wherecisthelengthofthehypotenuseandaandbarethelengthsoftheothertwosides
2.
Piisamathematicalconstantwhichistheratioofacircle'scircumferencetoitsdiameter.Itisdenotedby
3.14
3.
22
7
Geom etricShapesandsolidsandI m portantForm ulas
Geom etricShapes
Description
Form ulas
Rectangle
l=Length
b=Breadth
d=Lengthof
Area=lb
Perimeter=2(l+b)
d= l2 + b2
diagonal
Squar e
a=Lengthofa
side
d=Lengthof
diagonal
Area=a 2 =
1 2
d
2
Perimeter=4a
d= 2 a
Par allelogr am
bandcare
sides
b=base
Area=bh
Perimeter=2(b+c)
h=height
Rhombus
a=lengthof
eachside
Area=bh
(Formula1forarea)
b=base
Area=
1
d1 d2
2
h=height
(Formula2forarea)
d1,d2arethe
Perimeter=4a
diagonal
1
bh
2
(Formula1forarea)
Area=
a,bandcare
sides
Area= S(S a)(S b)(S c)

a+b+c
whereSisthesemiperimeter=
2
(Formula2forarea-Heron'sformula)
b=base
h=height
Perimeter=a+b+c
Tr iangle
RadiusofincircleofatriangleofareaA=
A
a+b+c
whereSisthesemiperimeter=
S
2
Area=
Equilater al
Tr iangle
a=side
3 2
a
4
Perimeter=3a
Radiusofincircleofanequilateraltriangleofsidea=
a
2 3
Radiusofcircumcircleofanequilateraltriangleofsidea=
Tr apezium
Baseaisparalleletobaseb
(Trapezoidin
Area=
American
English)
1
(a + b)h
2
h=height
d=2r
Cir cle
r=radius
d=diameter
Area=r 2 =
1 2
d
4
Circumference=2r = d
Circumference
=
d
a
3

r 2 (ifanglemeasureisindegrees)
360
Area,A =
1 2
r (ifanglemeasureisinradians)
2
r(ifanglemeasureisindegrees)
180
Sector of
Cir cle
ArcLength,s=
r=radius
=central
angle
r(ifanglemeasureisinradians)
Plesenotethatintheradiansystemforangularmeasurement,
2radians=360
180
1radian=
1=
radians
180
Hence,
AngleinDegrees=AngleinRadians
180
AngleinRadians=AngleinDegrees
180
Ellipse
Majoraxis
length=2a
Minoraxis
length=2b
Area=ab
a 2 + b2
Perimeter 2
2
Rectangular
Solid
l=length
w=width
TotalSurfaceArea=2lw+2wh+2hl=2(lw+wh+hl)
Volume=lwh
h=height
Cube
TotalSurfaceArea=6s2
s=edge
Volume=s3
Right
Cir cular
LateralSurfaceArea=(2r)h
Cylinder
h=height
r=radiusof
base
TotalSurfaceArea=(2r)h+2(r2)
Voulme=(r2)h
Pyr amid
h=height
B=areaofthe
TotalSurfaceArea=B+Sumoftheareasofthetrianguarsides
Volume=
base
Right
Cir cular
Cone
LateralSurfaceArea=r r 2 + h 2 = rs
wheresistheslantheight= r 2 + h 2
h=height
r=radiusof
base
4.
TotalSurfaceArea=r r 2 + h 2 + r 2 = rs + r 2
Spher e
d=2r
r=radius
SurfaceArea=4r 2 = d 2
d=diameter
Volume=
I m portantpropertiesofGeom etricShapes
I. P ropertiesofTriangle
i.
1
Bh
3
Sumoftheanglesofatriangle=180
4 3 1 3
r = d
3
6
ii.
Sumofanytwosidesofatriangleisgreaterthanthethirdside.
iii.
Thelinejoiningthemidpointofasideofatriangletothepositivevertexiscalledthemedian
iv.
Themedianofatriangledividesthetriangleintotwotriangleswithequalareas
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
Centroidisthepointwherethethreemediansofatrianglemeet.
Centroiddivideseachmedianintosegmentswitha2:1ratio
Areaofatriangleformedbyjoiningthemidpointsofthesidesofagiventriangleisone-fourthoftheareaofthe
giventriangle.
Anequilateraltriangleisatriangleinwhichallthreesidesareequal
Inanequilateraltriangle,allthreeinternalanglesarecongruenttoeachother
x.
Inanequilateraltriangle,allthreeinternalanglesareeach60
xi.
Anisoscelestriangleisatrianglewith(atleast)twoequalsides
xii.
Inisoscelestriangle,altitudefromvertexbisectsthebase.
II. P ropertiesofQuadrilaterals
A.Rectangle
i.
ii.
Thediagonalsofarectangleareequalandbisecteachother
oppositesidesofarectangleareparallel
iii.
oppositesidesofarectanglearecongruent
iv.
oppositeanglesofarectanglearecongruent
v.
Allfouranglesofarectanglearerightangles
vi.
Thediagonalsofarectanglearecongruent
B.Square
i.
Allfoursidesofasquarearecongruent
ii.
Oppositesidesofasquareareparallel
iii.
Thediagonalsofasquareareequal
iv.
Thediagonalsofasquarebisecteachotheratrightangles
v.
Allanglesofasquareare90degrees.
C.P arallelogram
i.
ii.
Theoppositesidesofaparallelogramareequalinlength.
Theoppositeanglesofaparallelogramarecongruent(equalmeasure).
iii.
Thediagonalsofaparallelogrambisecteachother.
iv.
Eachdiagonalofaparallelogramdividesitintotwotrianglesofthesamearea
D.Rhom bus
i.
Allthesidesofarhombusarecongruent
ii.
Oppositesidesofarhombusareparallel.
iii.
Thediagonalsofarhombusareunequalandbisecteachotheratrightangles
iv.
Oppositeinternalanglesofarhombusarecongruent(equalinsize)
v.
Anytwoconsecutiveinternalanglesofarhombusaresupplementaryi.e.thesumoftheirangles=180(equal
insize)
Otherpropertiesofquadrilaterals
i.
ii.
Thesumoftheinterioranglesofaquadrilateralis360degrees
Asquareandarhombusonthesamebasewillhaveequalareas.
iii.
Aparallelogramandarectangleonthesamebaseandbetweenthesameparallelsareequalinarea.
iv.
Ofalltheparallelogramofgivensides,theparallelogramwhichisarectanglehasthegreatestarea.
v.
Eachdiagonalofaparallelogramdividesitintotwotrianglesofthesamearea
III. Sum ofI nteriorAnglesofapolygon

i.
Thesumoftheinterioranglesofapolygon=180(n-2)degreeswheren=numberofsides
Example 1 : Number of sides of a triangle = 3. Hence, sum of the interior angles of a triangle = 180(3 - 2) =
1801=180
Example 2 : Number of sides of a quadrilateral = 4. Hence, sum of the interior angles of any quadrilateral =
180(4-2)=1802=360
1.Anerror2%inexcessismadewhilemeasuringthesideofasquare.Whatisthepercentageoferror
inthecalculatedareaofthesquare?
A.4.04%
B.2.02%
C.4%
D.2%

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Error=2%whilemeasuringthesideofasquare.
Letthecorrectvalueofthesideofthesquare=100
Thenthemeasuredvalue=100
(100 + 2)
= 102(error2%inexcess)
100
CorrectValueoftheareaofthesquare=100100=10000
CalculatedValueoftheareaofthesquare=102102=10404
Error=10404-10000=404
PercentageError=
Error
404
100 =
100 = 4.04%
10000
ActualValue
2.Arectangularpark60mlongand40mwidehastwoconcretecrossroadsrunninginthemiddleofthe
parkandrestoftheparkhasbeenusedasalawn.Theareaofthelawnis2109sq.m.whatisthewidth
oftheroad?
A.5m
B.4m
C.2m
D.3m

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Pleasereferthediagramgivenabove.
Areaofthepark=6040=2400m2
Giventhatareaofthelawn=2109m2
Areaofthecrossroads=2400-2109=291m2
Assumethatthewidthofthecrossroads=x
Thentotalareaofthecrossroads
= Area of road 1 + area of road 2 - (Common Area of the
crossroads)
=60x+40x-x2
(Let's look in detail how we got the total area of the cross
roadsas60x+40x-x2
As shown in the diagram, area of the road 1 = 60x. This has
theareasofthe
parts1,2and3giveninthediagram
Areaoftheroad2=40x.Thishastheparts4,5and6
You can see that there is an area which is intersecting (i.e.
part2andpart5)
andtheintersectionarea=x2.
Since 60x + 40x covers the intersecting area (x2) two times (
part2andpart5)
,weneedtosubtracttheintersectingareaof(x2)oncetimeto
getthetotalarea.
.Hencetotalareaofthecrossroads=60x+40x-x2)
Now,wehave
Totalareasofcrossroads=60x+40x-x2
Butareaofthecrossroads=291m2
Hence60x+40x-x2=291
=>100x-x2=291
=>x2-100x+291=0
=>(x-97)(x-3)=0
=> x = 3 (x can not be 97 as the park is only 60 m long and
40mwide)
3. A towel, when bleached, lost 20% of its length and 10% of its breadth. What is the percentage of
decreaseinarea?
A.30%
B.28%
C.32%
D.26%

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
--------------------------------------------------------Solution1
--------------------------------------------------------Letoriginallength=100andoriginalbreadth=100
Thenoriginalarea=100100=10000
Lost20%oflength
Newlength=Originallength
(100 20)
80
= 100
= 80
100
100
Lost10%ofbreadth
Newbreadth=Originalbreadth
Newarea=8090=7200
(100 10)
90
= 100
= 90
100
100
Decreaseinarea=OriginalArea-NewArea=10000-7200=2800
Percentageofdecreaseinarea=
DecreaseinArea
2800
100 =
100 = 28%
10000
OriginalArea
--------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------Letoriginallength=landoriginalbreadth=b
Thenoriginalarea=lb
Lost20%oflength
(100 20)
80
80l
=l
=
100
100
100
Lost10%ofbreadth
Newarea=
(100 10)
90
90b
=b
=
100
100
100
80l
90b
7200lb
72lb
=
=
100 100
10000
100
Decreaseinarea=OriginalArea-NewArea=lb
Percentageofdecreaseinarea=
(
=
28lb
)
100
lb
100 =
72lb
28lb
=
100
100
DecreaseinArea
100
OriginalArea
28lb 100
= 28%
100lb
4. If the length of a rectangle is halved and its breadth is tripled, what is the percentage change in its
area?
A.25%Increase
B.25%Decrease
C.50%Decrease
D.50%Increase

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
--------------------------------------------------------Solution1
--------------------------------------------------------Letoriginallength=100andoriginalbreadth=100
Lengthoftherectangleishalved
Originallength
100
Newlength=
=
= 50
2
2
breadthistripled
Newbreadth=Originalbreadth 3 = 100 3 = 300
Newarea=50300=15000
Increaseinarea=NewArea-OriginalArea=15000-10000=5000
PercentageofIncreaseinarea=
IncreaseinArea
5000
100 =
100 = 50%
10000
OriginalArea
--------------------------------------------------------Solution2
Thenoriginalarea=lb
Lengthoftherectangleishalved
Originallength
l
Newlength=
=
2
2
breadthistripled
Newbreadth=Originalbreadth 3 = 3b
Newarea=
l
3lb
3b =
2
2
Increaseinarea=NewArea-OriginalArea=
PercentageofIncreaseinarea=
(
=
lb
)
2
lb
100 =
3lb
lb
lb =
2
2
IncreaseinArea
100
OriginalArea
lb 100
= 50%
2lb
5. A person walked diagonally across a square plot. Approximately, what was the percent saved by not
walkingalongtheedges?
A.35%
B.30%
C.20%
D.25%

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
--------------------------------------------------------Solution1
---------------------------------------------------------
Consider a square plot as shown above and let the length of
eachside=1
Thenlengthofthediagonal= (1 + 1) = 2
Distancetravelledifwalkedalongtheedges=BC+CD=1+1=2
Distancetravelledifwalkeddiagonally=BD= 2 = 1.41
DistanceSaved=2-1.41=.59
Percentdistancesaved=
.59
100 = .59 50 30%
2
--------------------------------------------------------Solution2
---------------------------------------------------------
Considerasquareplotasshownaboveandletthelengthofeachside=x
Thenlengthofthediagonal= (x + x) = 2x
Distancetravelledifwalkedalongtheedges=BC+CD=x+x=2x
Distancetravelledifwalkeddiagonally=BD= 2x = 1.41x
DistanceSaved=2x-1.41x=.59x
Percentdistancesaved=
.59x
100 = .59 50 30%
2x
6.Arectangularfieldhastobefencedonthreesidesleavingasideof20feetuncovered.Iftheareaof
thefieldis680sq.feet,howmanyfeetoffencingwillberequired?
A.95
B.92
C.88
D.82

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Giventhatareaofthefield=680sq.feet
=>lb=680sq.feet
Length(l)=20feet
=>20b=680
b=
680
= 34feet
20
Requiredlengthofthefencing=l+2b=20+(234)=88feet
7.Arectangularparkingspaceismarkedoutbypaintingthreeofitssides.Ifthelengthoftheunpainted
sideis9feet,andthesumofthelengthsofthepaintedsidesis37feet,findouttheareaoftheparking
spaceinsquarefeet?
A.126sq.ft.
B.64sq.ft.
C.100sq.ft.
D.102sq.ft.

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Letl=9ft.
Thenl+2b=37
=>2b=37-l=37-9=28
=>b= 28/2=14ft.
Area=lb=914=126sq.ft.
8.Theareaofarectangleplotis460squaremetres.Ifthelengthis15%morethanthebreadth,whatis
thebreadthoftheplot?
A.14metres
B.20metres
C.18metres
D.12metres

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
lb=460m2------(Equation1)
Letthebreadth=b
Thenlength,l=b
(100 + 15)
115b
=
------(Equation2)
100
100
FromEquation1andEquation2,
115b
b = 460
100
b2 =
46000
= 400
115
= 20m
b=
400
9.Alargefieldof700hectaresisdividedintotwoparts.Thedifferenceoftheareasofthetwopartsis
one-fifthoftheaverageofthetwoareas.Whatistheareaofthesmallerpartinhectares?
A.400
B.365
C.385
D.315

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Lettheareasofthepartsbexhectaresand(700-x)hectares.
Differenceoftheareasofthetwoparts=x-(700-x)=2x-700
one-fifthoftheAverageofthetwoareas=
=
1 700
350
=
= 70
5
2
5
1 [x + (700 x)]
5
2
Giventhatdifferenceoftheareasofthetwoparts=one-fifthoftheAverageofthe
twoareas
=>2x-700=70
=>2x=770
x=
770
= 385
2
Hence,Areaofsmallerpart=(700-x)=(700385)=315
hectares.
10. The length of a room is 5.5 m and width is 3.75 m. What is the cost of paying the floor by slabs at
therateofRs.800persq.metre.
A.Rs.12000
B.Rs.19500
C.Rs.18000
D.Rs.16500.

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Area=5.53.75sq.metre.
Costfor1sq.metre.=Rs.800
Hencetotalcost=5.53.75800=5.53000=Rs.16500
11. The length of a rectangle is twice its breadth. If its length is decreased by 5 cm and breadth is
increased by 5 cm, the area of the rectangle is increased by 75 sq.cm. What is the length of the
rectangle?
A.18cm
B.16cm
C.40cm
D.20cm

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Letbreadth=xcm
Thenlength=2xcm
Area=lb=x2x=2x2
Newlength=(2x-5)
Newbreadth=(x+5)
NewArea=lb=(2x-5)(x+5)
Butgiventhatnewarea=initialarea+75sq.cm.
=>(2x-5)(x+5)=2x2+75
=>2x2+10x-5x-25=2x2+75
=>5x-25=75
=>5x=75+25=100
=>x= 100/5=20cm
Length=2x=220=40cm
12.Ifasquareandarhombusstandonthesamebase,thenwhatistheratiooftheareasofthesquare
andtherhombus?
A.equalto
B.equalto
C.greaterthan1
D.equalto1

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
A square and a rhombus on the same base will have equal
areas.
Hence ratio of the areas of the square and the rhom bus
w illbeequalto1since
theystandonthesam ebase
================================================================
Note : Please find the proof of the formula given below which
youmayliketogothrough
LetABCDbethesquareandABEFbetherhombus
Considertheright-angledtrianglesADFandBCE
WeknowthatAD=BC(sidesofasquare)
AF=BE(sidesofarhombus)
DF=CE[DF2=AF2-AD2andCE2=BE2-BC2]
HenceADF=BCE
=>ADF+TrapeziumABCF=BCE+TrapeziumABCF
=>AreaofsquareABCD=AreaofrhombusABEF
13.Thebreadthofarectangularfieldis60%ofitslength.Iftheperimeterofthefieldis800m,findout
theareaofthefield.
A.37500m2
B.30500m2
C.32500m2
D.40000m2

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Giventhatbreadthofarectangularfieldis60%ofitslength
b=
60l
3l
=
100
5
perimeterofthefield=800m
=>2(l+b)=800
2 (l +
l+
3l
) = 800
5
3l
= 400
5
8l
= 400
5
l
= 50
5
l = 5 50 = 250m
b=
3l
3 250
=
= 2 50 = 150m
5
5
Area=lb=250 150 = 37500m 2
14. A room 5m 44cm long and 3m 74cm broad needs to be paved with square tiles. What will be the
leastnumberofsquaretilesrequiredtocoverthefloor?
A.176
B.124
C.224
D.186

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
l=5m44cm=544cm
b=3m74cm=374cm
Area=544374cm2
Now we need to find out HCF(Highest Common Factor) of 544
and374.
Let's find out the HCF using long division method for quicker
results)
374)544(1
374
170)374(2
340
34)170(5
170
0
Hence,HCFof544and374=34
Hence,sidelengthoflargestsquaretilewecantake=34cm
Areaofeachsquaretile=3434cm2
Numberoftilesrequired=
544 374
= 16 11 = 176
34 34
15.Thelengthofarectangularplotis20metresmorethanitsbreadth.Ifthecostoffencingtheplot@
Rs.26.50permetreisRs.5300,whatisthelengthoftheplotinmetres?
A.60m
B.100m
C.75m
D.50m

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Lengthoftheplotis20metresmorethanitsbreadth.
Hence,let'stakethelengthaslmetresandbreadthas(l-20)
metres
Lengthofthefence=perimeter=2(length+breadth)=2[l+
(l-20)]=2(2l-20)metres
Costpermeter=Rs.26.50
Totalcost=2(2l-20)26.50
TotalcostisgivenasRs.5300
=>2(2l-20)26.50=5300
=>(2l-20)26.50=2650
=>(l-10)26.50=1325
=>(l-10)= 1325/26.50=50
=>l=50+10=60metres
16. The ratio between the length and the breadth of a rectangular park is 3 : 2. If a man cycling along
the boundary of the park at the speed of 12 km/hr completes one round in 8 minutes, then what is the
areaofthepark(insq.m)?
A.142000
B.112800
C.142500
D.153600

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
l : b = 3 : 2 ------------------------------------------(Equation
1)
Perimeteroftherectangularpark
=Distancetravelledbythemanatthespeedof12km/hrin8
minutes
=speedtime=12 8/60(8minute=8/60hour)
= 8/5km= 8/51000m=1600m
Perimeter=2(l+b)
=>2(l+b)=1600
=>l+b= 1600/2= 800 m ---------------------------(Equation
2)
From(Equation1)and(Equation2)
l=800 3/5=480m
b=800 2/5=320m(Orb=800-480=320m)
Area=lb=480320=153600m2
17.Whatisthepercentageincreaseintheareaofarectangle,ifeachofitssidesisincreasedby20%?
A.45%
B.44%
C.40%
D.42%

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
--------------------------------------------------------Solution1
---------------------------------------------------------
Letoriginallength=100andoriginalbreadth=100
Increasein20%oflength
(100 + 20)
120
= 100
= 120
100
100
Increasein20%ofbreadth
(100 + 20)
120
= 100
= 120
100
100
Newarea=120120=14400
Increaseinarea=NewArea-OriginalArea=14400-10000=4400
Percentageincreaseinarea=
IncreaseinArea
4400
100 =
100 = 44%
10000
OriginalArea
--------------------------------------------------------Solution2
Thenoriginalarea=lb
Increasein20%oflength
(100 + 20)
120
120l
=l
=
100
100
100
Increasein20%ofbreadth
Newarea=
(100 + 20)
120
120b
=b
=
100
100
100
120l 120b
14400lb
144lb
=
=
100
100
10000
100
Increaseinarea=NewArea-OriginalArea=
Percentageofincreaseinarea=
(
=
44lb
)
100
lb
100 =
144lb
44lb
lb =
100
100
IncreaseinArea
100
OriginalArea
44lb 100
= 44%
100lb
18. If the difference between the length and breadth of a rectangle is 23 m and its perimeter is 206 m,
whatisitsarea?
A.2800m2
B.2740m2
C.2520m2
D.2200m2

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
l-b=23...................(Equation1)
perimeter=2(l+b)=206
=>l+b=103.............(Equation2)
(Equation1)+(Equation2)=>2l=23+103=126
=>l= 126/2=63metre
Substitutingthisvalueoflin(Equation1),weget
63-b=23
=>b=63-23=40metre
Area=lb=6340=2520m2
19.Theratiobetweentheperimeterandthebreadthofarectangleis5:1.Iftheareaoftherectangle
is216sq.cm,whatisthelengthoftherectangle?
A.16cm
B.18cm
C.14cm
D.20cm

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Giventhat
2(l + b)
=5
b
=>2l+2b=5b
=>2l=3b
=> b =
2l
3
Alsogiventhatarea=216cm2
=>lb=216cm2
Substitutingthevalueofb,weget,l
l2 =
2l
= 216
3
3 216
= 3 108 = (3 3) 36
2
l = 3 6 = 18cm
20.Whatistheleastnumberofsquarestilesrequiredtopavethefloorofaroom15m17cmlongand9
m2cmbroad?
A.814
B.802
C.836
D.900

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
l=15m17cm=1517cm
b=9m2cm=902cm
Area=1517902cm2
NowweneedtofindoutHCF(HighestCommonFactor)of1517
and902.
results)
902)1517(1
902
615)902(1
615
287)615(2
574
41)287(7
287
0
Hence,sidelengthoflargestsquaretilewecantake=41cm
Areaofeachsquaretile=4141cm2
Numberoftilesrequired=
1517 902
= 37 22 = 407 2 = 814
41 41
21.Thediagonalofthefloorofarectangularroomis 7
1
1
feet.Theshortersideoftheroomis4 feet.
2
2
Whatistheareaoftheroom?
A.27squarefeet
B.22squarefeet
C.24squarefeet
D.20squarefeet

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
1
15
feet =
feet
2
2
1
9
Breadth,b=4 feet = feet
2
2
Diagonal,d=7
Intheright-angledtrianglePQR,
15 2
9 2
2
l =( )
( )
2
2
=
225 81
144
=
4
4
4
144
12
l=
=
feet=6feet
4
2
Area=lb=6
9
= 27feet 2
2
22. The diagonal of a rectangle is

rectangle?
41 cm and its area is 20 sq. cm. What is the perimeter of the
A.16cm
B.10cm
C.12cm
D.18cm

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Forarectangle,d 2 = l2 + b2
wherel=length,b=breadthandd=diagonaloftheoftherectangle
d = 41 cm
d 2 = l2 + b2
l2 + b2 = ( 41 )
Area=lb=20cm
= 41........(Equation1)
............(Equation2)
Solving(Equation1)and(Equation2)
(a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b2
usingtheaboveformula,wehave
(l + b) 2 = l2 + 2lb + b2 = (l2 + b2 ) + 2lb = 41 + (2 20) = 81
(l + b) =
81 = 9cm
perimeter=2(l + b) = 2 9 = 18cm
23.Atankis25mlong,12mwideand6mdeep.Whatisthecostofplasteringofitswallsandbottom
attherateof75paisepersq.m?
A.Rs.558
B.Rs.502
C.Rs.516
D.Rs.612

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Consider a rectangular solid of length l, w idth w and

heighth.Then
1.TotalSurfaceareaofarectangularsolid,S=2lw +2lh
+2w h=2(lw +lh+w h)
2.Volum eofarectangularsolid,V=lw h
Inthiscase,l=25m,w=12m,h=6m
andallsurfaceneedstobeplasteredexceptthetop
Hencetotalareaneedstobeplastered
=TotalSurfaceArea-AreaoftheTopface
=(2lw+2lh+2wh)-lw
=lw+2lh+2wh
=(2512)+(2256)+(2126)
=300+300+144
=744m2
Costofplastering=74475=55800paise=Rs.558
24. It is decided to construct a 2 metre broad pathway around a rectangular plot on the inside. If the
area of the plots is 96 sq.m. and the rate of construction is Rs. 50 per square metre., what will be the
totalcostoftheconstruction?
A.Rs.3500
B.Rs.4200
C.InsufficientData
D.Rs.4400

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Let length and width of the rectangular plot be l and b

respectively
TotalAreaoftherectangularplot=96sq.m.
Widthofthepathway=2m
Lengthoftheremainingareaintheplot=(l-4)
breadthoftheremainingareaintheplot=(b-4)
Areaoftheremainingareaintheplot=(l-4)(b-4)
Areaofthepathway
= Total Area of the rectangular plot - remaining area in the
plot
=96-[(l-4)(b-4)]
=96-[lb-4l-4b+16]
=96-[96-4l-4b+16]
=96-96+4l+4b-16]
=4l+4b-16
=4(l+b)-16
We do not know the values of l and b and hence total area of
therectangularplot
can not be found out. So we can not find out total cost of the
construction.
25. The area of a parallelogram is 72 cm2 and its altitude is twice the corresponding base. What is the
lengthofthebase?
A.6cm
B.7cm
C.8cm
D.12cm

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Areaofaparallelogram ,A=bh
w here b is the base and h is the height of the
parallelogram
Letthebase=xcm.
Thentheheight=2xcm(altitudeistwicethebase)
Area=x2x=2x2
Buttheareaisgivenas72cm2
=>2x2=72
=>x2=36
=>x=6cm
26.Twodiagonalsofarhombusare72cmand30cmrespectively.Whatisitsperimeter?
A.136cm
B.156cm
C.144cm
D.121cm

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Remember the following two properties of a rhombus which

willbeusefulinsolvingthisquestion
1.Thesidesofarhombusarecongruent.
2. The diagonals of a rhombus are unequal and bisect each
otheratrightangles.
Let the diagonals be PR and SQ such that PR = 72 cm and SQ
=30cm
PO=OR=
72
= 36cm
2
SO=OQ=
30
= 15cm
2
=39cm
PQ=QR=RS=SP= 36 2 + 15 2 =
1296
+ 225 =
1521
perimeter=439=156cm
27.Thebaseofaparallelogramis(p+4),altitudetothebaseis(p-3)andtheareais(p2-4),findout
itsactualarea.
A.40sq.units
B.54sq.units
C.36sq.units
D.60sq.units

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Areaofaparallelogram ,A=bh
w here b is the base and h is the height of the
parallelogram
Hence,wehave
p2-4=(p+4)(p-3)
=>p2-4=p2-3p+4p-12
=>-4=p-12
=>p=12-4=8
Hence,actualarea=(p2-4)=82-4=64-4=60sq.units
28. A circle is inscribed in an equilateral triangle of side 24 cm, touching its sides. What is the area of
theremainingportionofthetriangle?
A. 144
3 48
cm2
B. 121
3 36
cm2
C. 144
3 36
cm2
D. 121
3 48
cm2

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
3 2
a
4
whereaislengthofonesideoftheequilateraltriangle
Areaofanequilateraltriangle=
AreaoftheequilateralABC=
3 2 3 2
a =
24 = 144 3 cm 2 .............(1)
4
4
1
bh
2
wherebisthebaseandhistheheightofthetriangle
Areaofatriangle=
Letr=radiusoftheinscribedcircle.Then
AreaofABC
=AreaofOBC+AreaofOCA+areaofOAB
=(rBC)+(rCA)+(rAB)
=r(BC+CA+AB)
=xrx(24+24+24)
=xrx72=36rcm2------------------------------------------(2)
From(1)and(2),
144 3 = 36r
r=
144
3 = 4 3 (3)
36
Areaofacircle=r 2
where=radiusofthecircle
From(3),theareaoftheinscribedcircle=r 2 = (4 3 )
= 48 (4)
Hence,Areaoftheremainingportionofthetriangle
AreaofABCAreaofinscribedcircle
144 3 48cm 2
29.Arectangularplotmeasuring90metresby50metresneedstobeenclosedbywirefencingsuchthat
polesofthefencewillbekept5metresapart.Howmanypoleswillbeneeded?
A.30
B.44
C.56
D.60

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
P erim eterofarectangle=2(l+b)
w herelisthelengthandbisthebreadthoftherectangle
Length of the wire fencing = perimeter = 2(90 + 50) = 280

metres
Twopoleswillbekept5metresapart.Alsorememberthatthe
poleswillbeplaced
along the perimeter of the rectangular plot, not in a single
straightlinewhichis
veryimportant.
Hencenumberofpolesrequired= 2805=56
30.Ifthediagonalsofarhombusare24cmand10cm,whatwillbeitsperimeter
A.42cm
B.64cm
C.56cm
D.52cm
ViewAnswer | Notebook |Discuss
31. What will be the length of the longest rod which can be placed in a box of 80 cm length, 40 cm
breadthand60cmheight?
11600 cm
C. 10000 cm
A.
14400 cm
D. 12040 cm
B.

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Thelongestroadwhichcanfitintotheboxwillhaveoneendat
Aand
otherendatG(oranyothersimilardiagonal)
Hencethelengthofthelongestrod=AG
Initiallylet'sfindoutAC.ConsidertherightangledtriangleABC
AC2=AB2+BC2=402+802=1600+6400=8000
AC= 8000cm
ConsidertherightangledtriangleACG
AG2=AC2+CG2
) + 60 2 = 8000 + 3600 = 11600

= (
8000
2
cm
AG=
11600
cm
Thelengthofthelongestrod=
11600
1. An error 2% in excess is made while measuring the side of a square. What is the percentage of error in the calculated area of the square?
A. 4.04 %
B. 2.02 %
C. 4 %
D. 2 %
Hide Answer | Notebook | Discuss

Here is the answer and explanation
Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Error = 2% while measuring the side of a square.
Let the correct value of the side of the square = 100
Then the measured value = 100
(100 + 2)
= 102 ( error 2% in excess)
100
Correct Value of the area of the square = 100 100 = 10000

Calculated Value of the area of the square = 102 102 = 10404
Error = 10404 - 10000 = 404
Percentage Error =
Error
Actual Value
100 =
404
100 = 4.04%
10000
2. A rectangular park 60 m long and 40 m wide has two concrete crossroads running in the middle of the park and rest of the park has been used as a lawn. The area of the
lawn is 2109 sq. m. what is the width of the road?
A. 5 m
B. 4 m
C. 2 m
D. 3 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Please refer the diagram given above.

Area of the park = 60 40 = 2400 m2
Given that area of the lawn = 2109 m2
Area of the cross roads = 2400 - 2109 = 291 m2
Assume that the width of the cross roads = x
Then total area of the cross roads
= Area of road 1 + area of road 2 - (Common Area of the cross
roads)
= 60x + 40x - x2
(Let's look in detail how we got the total area of the cross
roads as 60x + 40x - x2
As shown in the diagram, area of the road 1 = 60x. This has the
areas of the
parts 1,2 and 3 given in the diagram

Area of the road 2 = 40x. This has the parts 4, 5 and 6
You can see that there is an area which is intersecting (i.e.
part 2 and part 5)
and the intersection area = x2.
Since 60x + 40x covers the intersecting area (x2) two times (
part 2 and part 5)
,we need to subtract the intersecting area of (x2) once time to
get the total area.
. Hence total area of the cross roads = 60x + 40x - x2)
Now, we have
Total areas of cross roads = 60x + 40x - x2
But area of the cross roads = 291 m2
Hence 60x + 40x - x2 = 291
=> 100x - x2 = 291
=> x2 - 100x + 291 = 0
=> (x - 97)(x - 3) = 0
=> x = 3 (x can not be 97 as the park is only 60 m long and 40
m wide)
3. A towel, when bleached, lost 20% of its length and 10% of its breadth. What is the percentage of decrease in area?
A. 30 %
B. 28 %
C. 32 %
D. 26 %

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
--------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
--------------------------------------------------------Let original length = 100 and original breadth = 100
Then original area = 100 100 = 10000
Lost 20% of length

New length = Original length
(100 20)
80
= 100
= 80
100
100
Lost 10% of breadth

New breadth= Original breadth
(100 10)
90
= 100
= 90
100
100
New area = 80 90 = 7200

Decrease in area = Original Area - New Area = 10000 - 7200 = 2800
Percentage of decrease in area =
Decrease in Area
2800
100 =
100 = 28%
10000
Original Area
---------------------------------------------------------Solution 2--------------------------------------------------------Let original length = l and original breadth = b

Then original area = lb
Lost 20% of length

(100 20)
80
80l
= l
=
100
100 100
Lost 10% of breadth

New area =
(100 10)
90
90b
= b
=
100
100 100
80l 90b 7200lb 72lb
=
=
100 100
10000
100
Decrease in area = Original Area - New Area = lb
Decrease in Area
100
Original Area
Percentage of decrease in area =

28lb
)
100
=
lb
(
100 =
72lb 28lb
=
100
100
28lb 100
= 28%
100lb
4. If the length of a rectangle is halved and its breadth is tripled, what is the percentage change in its area?
A. 25 % Increase
B. 25 % Decrease
C. 50 % Decrease
D. 50 % Increase

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
--------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
Length of the rectangle is halved

Original length
New length =
2
100
= 50
2
breadth is tripled
New breadth= Original breadth 3 = 100 3 = 300
New area = 50 300 = 15000
Increase in area = New Area - Original Area = 15000 - 10000= 5000
Percentage of Increase in area =
Increase in Area
5000
100 =
100 = 50%
10000
Original Area

Length of the rectangle is halved

Original length
New length =
2
l
2
breadth is tripled
New breadth = Original breadth 3 = 3b
New area =
l
3lb
3b =
2
2
Increase in area = New Area - Original Area =

Percentage of Increase in area =
lb
)
2
=
lb
(
100 =
3lb
lb
lb =
2
2
Increase in Area
100
Original Area
lb 100
= 50%
2lb
5. A person walked diagonally across a square plot. Approximately, what was the percent saved by not walking along the edges?
A. 35%
B. 30 %
C. 20 %
D. 25%

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
--------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
---------------------------------------------------------
Consider a square plot as shown above and let the length of

each side = 1
Then length of the diagonal = (1 + 1) = 2

Distance travelled if walked along the edges = BC + CD = 1 + 1 = 2
Distance travelled if walked diagonally = BD = 2 = 1.41

Distance Saved = 2 - 1.41 = .59
Percent distance saved =
.59
100 = .59 50 30%
2
---------------------------------------------------------Solution 2---------------------------------------------------------
Consider a square plot as shown above and let the length of each side = x
Then length of the diagonal = (x + x) = 2x
Distance travelled if walked along the edges = BC + CD = x + x = 2x
Distance travelled if walked diagonally = BD = 2x = 1.41x

Distance Saved = 2x - 1.41x = .59x
Percent distance saved =
.59x
100 = .59 50 30%
2x
6. A rectangular field has to be fenced on three sides leaving a side of 20 feet uncovered. If the area of the field is 680 sq. feet, how many feet of fencing will be required?
A. 95
B. 92
C. 88
D. 82

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Given that area of the field = 680 sq. feet
=> lb = 680 sq. feet
Length(l) = 20 feet
=> 20 b = 680
b=
680
= 34 feet
20
Required length of the fencing = l + 2b = 20 + (2 34) = 88 feet
7. A rectangular parking space is marked out by painting three of its sides. If the length of the unpainted side is 9 feet, and the sum of the lengths of the painted sides is 37
feet, find out the area of the parking space in square feet?
A. 126 sq. ft.
B. 64 sq. ft.
C. 100 sq. ft.
D. 102 sq. ft.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let l = 9 ft.
Then l + 2b = 37
=> 2b = 37 - l = 37 - 9 = 28
=> b = 28/2 = 14 ft.
Area = lb = 9 14 = 126 sq. ft.
8. The area of a rectangle plot is 460 square metres. If the length is 15% more than the breadth, what is the breadth of the plot?
A. 14 metres
B. 20 metres
C. 18 metres
D. 12 metres

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
lb = 460 m2 ------(Equation 1)
Let the breadth = b
Then length, l = b
(100 + 15)
115b
=
------(Equation 2)
100
100
From Equation 1 and Equation 2,
115b
b = 460
100
b2 =
46000
= 400
115
= 20 m
400
b=
9. A large field of 700 hectares is divided into two parts. The difference of the areas of the two parts is one-fifth of the average of the two areas. What is the area of the
smaller part in hectares?
A. 400
B. 365
C. 385
D. 315

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the areas of the parts be x hectares and (700 - x)
hectares.
Difference of the areas of the two parts = x - (700 - x) = 2x - 700

one-fifth of the Average of the two areas =
=
1 700 350
=
= 70
5
2
5
1 [x + (700 x)]
5
2
Given that difference of the areas of the two parts = one-fifth of the Average of the
two areas
=> 2x - 700 = 70
=> 2x = 770
x=
770
= 385
2
Hence, Area of smaller part = (700 - x) = (700 385) = 315

hectares.
10. The length of a room is 5.5 m and width is 3.75 m. What is the cost of paying the floor by slabs at the rate of Rs. 800 per sq. metre.
A. Rs.12000
B. Rs.19500
C. Rs.18000
D. Rs.16500.

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Area = 5.5 3.75 sq. metre.
Cost for 1 sq. metre. = Rs. 800
Hence total cost = 5.5 3.75 800 = 5.5 3000 = Rs. 16500
11. The length of a rectangle is twice its breadth. If its length is decreased by 5 cm and breadth is increased by 5 cm, the area of the rectangle is increased by 75 sq.cm.
What is the length of the rectangle?
A. 18 cm
B. 16 cm
C. 40 cm
D. 20 cm

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let breadth = x cm
Then length = 2x cm
Area = lb = x 2x = 2x2
New length = (2x - 5)
New breadth = (x + 5)
New Area = lb = (2x - 5)(x + 5)
But given that new area = initial area + 75 sq.cm.
=> (2x - 5)(x + 5) = 2x2 + 75
=> 2x2 + 10x - 5x - 25 = 2x2 + 75
=> 5x - 25 = 75
=> 5x = 75 + 25 = 100
=> x = 100/5 = 20 cm
Length = 2x = 2 20 = 40cm
12. If a square and a rhombus stand on the same base, then what is the ratio of the areas of the square and the rhombus?
A. equal to
B. equal to
C. greater than 1
D. equal to 1

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
A square and a rhombus on the same base will have equal
areas.
Hence ratio of the areas of the square and the rhom bus
w ill be equal to 1 since
they stand on the sam e base
================================================================
Note : Please find the proof of the formula given below which
you may like to go through
Let ABCD be the square and ABEF be the rhombus

Consider the right-angled triangles ADF and BCE
We know that AD = BC ( sides of a square)
AF = BE ( sides of a rhombus)
DF = CE [ DF 2 = AF 2 - AD2 and CE2 = BE2 - BC2]
Hence ADF = BCE
=> ADF + Trapezium ABCF= BCE + Trapezium ABCF
=> Area of square ABCD = Area of rhombus ABEF
13. The breadth of a rectangular field is 60% of its length. If the perimeter of the field is 800 m, find out the area of the field.
A. 37500 m2
B. 30500 m2
C. 32500 m2
D. 40000 m2

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Given that breadth of a rectangular field is 60% of its length
b=
60l
3l
=
100
5
perimeter of the field = 800 m

=> 2 (l + b) = 800
2 (l +
l+
3l
) = 800
5
3l
= 400
5
8l
= 400
5
l
= 50
5
l = 5 50 = 250 m
b=
3l 3 250
=
= 2 50 = 150 m
5
5
Area = lb = 250 150 = 37500 m 2
14. A room 5m 44cm long and 3m 74cm broad needs to be paved with square tiles. What will be the least number of square tiles required to cover the floor?
A. 176
B. 124
C. 224
D. 186

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
l = 5 m 44 cm = 544 cm
b = 3 m 74 cm = 374 cm
Area = 544 374 cm2
and 374.
results)
374) 544 (1
374
170) 374 (2
340
34) 170 (5
170
Hence, HCF of 544 and 374 = 34

Hence, side length of largest square tile we can take = 34 cm
Area of each square tile = 34 34 cm2
Number of tiles required =
544 374
= 16 11 = 176
34 34
15. The length of a rectangular plot is 20 metres more than its breadth. If the cost of fencing the plot @ Rs. 26.50 per metre is Rs. 5300, what is the length of the plot in
metres?
A. 60 m
B. 100 m
C. 75 m
D. 50 m

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Length of the plot is 20 metres more than its breadth.
Hence, let's take the length as l metres and breadth as (l - 20)
metres
Length of the fence = perimeter = 2(length + breadth)= 2[ l + (l
- 20) ] = 2(2l - 20) metres
Cost per meter = Rs. 26.50
Total cost = 2(2l - 20) 26.50
Total cost is given as Rs. 5300
=> 2(2l - 20) 26.50 = 5300
=> (2l - 20) 26.50 = 2650
=> (l - 10) 26.50 = 1325
=> (l - 10) = 1325/26.50 = 50
=> l = 50 + 10 = 60 metres
16. The ratio between the length and the breadth of a rectangular park is 3 : 2. If a man cycling along the boundary of the park at the speed of 12 km/hr completes one round
in 8 minutes, then what is the area of the park (in sq. m)?
A. 142000
B. 112800
C. 142500
D. 153600

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
l : b = 3 :
(Equation 1)
2 ------------------------------------------
Perimeter of the rectangular park

= Distance travelled by the man at the speed of 12 km/hr in 8
minutes
= speed time = 12 8/60 ( 8 minute = 8/60 hour)
= 8/5 km = 8/5 1000 m = 1600 m
Perimeter = 2(l + b)
=> 2(l + b) = 1600
=> l + b = 1600/2 = 800 m --------------------------(Equation 2)
From (Equation 1) and (Equation 2)

l = 800 3/5 = 480 m
b = 800 2/5 = 320 m (Or b = 800 - 480 = 320m)
Area = lb = 480 320 = 153600 m2
17. What is the percentage increase in the area of a rectangle, if each of its sides is increased by 20%?
A. 45%
B. 44%
C. 40%
D. 42%

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
--------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
Increase in 20% of length

(100 + 20)
120
= 100
= 120
100
100
Increase in 20% of breadth

(100 + 20)
120
= 100
= 120
100
100
New area = 120 120 = 14400

Increase in area = New Area - Original Area = 14400 - 10000 = 4400
Percentage increase in area =
Increase in Area
4400
100 =
100 = 44%
10000
Original Area

Increase in 20% of length

(100 + 20)
120 120l
= l
=
100
100
100
Increase in 20% of breadth

New area =
(100 + 20)
120 120b
= b
=
100
100
100
120l 120b 14400lb 144lb
=
=
100
100
10000
100
Increase in area = New Area - Original Area =
Percentage of increase in area =

44lb
)
100
=
lb
(
100 =
144lb
44lb
lb =
100
100
Increase in Area
100
Original Area
44lb 100
= 44%
100lb
18. If the difference between the length and breadth of a rectangle is 23 m and its perimeter is 206 m, what is its area?
A. 2800 m2
B. 2740 m2
C. 2520 m2
D. 2200 m2

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
l - b = 23 ...................(Equation 1)
perimeter = 2(l + b) = 206
=> l + b = 103.............(Equation 2)
(Equation 1) + (Equation 2) => 2l = 23 + 103 = 126
=> l = 126/2 = 63 metre
Substituting this value of l in (Equation 1), we get
63 - b = 23
=> b = 63 - 23 = 40 metre
Area = lb = 63 40 = 2520 m2
19. The ratio between the perimeter and the breadth of a rectangle is 5 : 1. If the area of the rectangle is 216 sq. cm, what is the length of the rectangle?
A. 16 cm
B. 18 cm
C. 14 cm
D. 20 cm

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Given that
2(l + b)
=5
b
=> 2l + 2b = 5b
=> 2l = 3b
=> b =
2l
3
Also given that area = 216 cm2

=> lb = 216 cm2
Substituting the value of b, we get, l

l2 =
2l
= 216
3
3 216
= 3 108 = (3 3) 36
2
l = 3 6 = 18 cm
20. What is the least number of squares tiles required to pave the floor of a room 15 m 17 cm long and 9 m 2 cm broad?
A. 814
B. 802
C. 836
D. 900

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
l = 15 m 17 cm = 1517 cm
b = 9 m 2 cm = 902 cm
Area = 1517 902 cm2
and 902.
results)
902) 1517 (1
902
615) 902 (1
615
287) 615 (2
574
41) 287 (7
Hence, HCF of 1517 and 902 = 41

Hence, side length of largest square tile we can take = 41 cm
Area of each square tile = 41 41 cm2
Number of tiles required =
1517 902
= 37 22 = 407 2 = 814
41 41
21. The diagonal of the floor of a rectangular room is
1
1
feet. The shorter side of the room is 4
feet. What is the area of the room?
2
2
A. 27 square feet
B. 22 square feet
C. 24 square feet
D. 20 square feet

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
287
1
15
feet =
feet
2
2
1
9
Breadth, b = 4 feet =
feet
2
2
Diagonal, d = 7
In the right-angled triangle PQR,

15 2
9 2
l2 = ( ) ( )
2
2
=
225 81 144
=
4
4
4
l=
144
12
=
feet = 6 feet
4
2
Area = lb = 6
9
= 27 feet 2
2
22. The diagonal of a rectangle is

41 cm and its area is 20 sq. cm. What is the perimeter of the rectangle?
A. 16 cm
B. 10 cm
C. 12 cm
D. 18 cm

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
For a rectangle, d 2 = l 2 + b2
where l = length , b = breadth and d = diagonal of the of the rectangle
d =
41 cm
d 2 = l 2 + b2
2
l 2 + b2 = ( 41 ) = 41........(Equation 1)
Area = lb = 20 cm
............(Equation 2)
Solving (Equation 1) and (Equation 2)
(a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b2
using the above formula, we have

(l + b) 2 = l 2 + 2lb + b2 = (l 2 + b2 ) + 2lb = 41 + (2 20) = 81
(l + b) =
81 = 9 cm
perimeter = 2(l + b) = 2 9 = 18 cm
23. A tank is 25 m long, 12 m wide and 6 m deep. What is the cost of plastering of its walls and bottom at the rate of 75 paise per sq. m?
A. Rs. 558
B. Rs. 502
C. Rs. 516
D. Rs. 612

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Consider a rectangular solid of length l, w idth w and

height h. Then
1. Total Surface area of a rectangular solid, S = 2lw + 2lh
+ 2w h = 2(lw + lh + w h)
2. Volum e of a rectangular solid, V = lw h
In this case, l = 25 m, w = 12 m, h = 6 m
and all surface needs to be plastered except the top
Hence total area needs to be plastered
= Total Surface Area - Area of the Top face
= (2lw + 2lh + 2wh) - lw
= lw + 2lh + 2wh
= (25 12) + (2 25 6) + (2 12 6)
= 300 + 300 + 144
= 744 m2
Cost of plastering = 744 75 = 55800 paise = Rs.558
24. It is decided to construct a 2 metre broad pathway around a rectangular plot on the inside. If the area of the plots is 96 sq.m. and the rate of construction is Rs. 50 per
square metre., what will be the total cost of the construction?
A. Rs.3500
B. Rs. 4200
C. Insufficient Data
D. Rs. 4400

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let length and width of the rectangular plot be l and b

respectively
Total Area of the rectangular plot = 96 sq.m.
Width of the pathway = 2 m
Length of the remaining area in the plot = (l - 4)
breadth of the remaining area in the plot = (b - 4)
Area of the remaining area in the plot = (l - 4)(b - 4)
Area of the pathway
= Total Area of the rectangular plot - remaining area in the plot
= 96 - [(l - 4)(b - 4)]
= 96 - [lb - 4l - 4b + 16]
= 96 - [96 - 4l - 4b + 16]
= 96 - 96 + 4l + 4b - 16]
= 4l + 4b - 16
= 4(l + b) - 16
We do not know the values of l and b and hence total area of
the rectangular plot
can not be found out. So we can not find out total cost of the
construction.
25. The area of a parallelogram is 72 cm2 and its altitude is twice the corresponding base. What is the length of the base?
A. 6 cm
B. 7 cm
C. 8 cm
D. 12 cm

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Area of a parallelogram , A = bh
w here b is the base and h
parallelogram
is
the
height of
Let the base = x cm.

Then the height = 2x cm ( altitude is twice the base)
Area = x 2x = 2x2
But the area is given as 72 cm2
=> 2x2 = 72
=> x2 = 36
=> x = 6 cm
the
26. Two diagonals of a rhombus are 72 cm and 30 cm respectively. What is its perimeter?
A. 136 cm
B. 156 cm
C. 144 cm
D. 121 cm

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Remember the following two properties of a rhombus which will

be useful in solving this question
1. The sides of a rhombus are congruent.
2. The diagonals of a rhombus are unequal and bisect each
other at right angles.
Let the diagonals be PR and SQ such that PR = 72 cm and SQ =
30 cm
PO = OR =
72
= 36 cm
2
SO = OQ =
30
= 15 cm
2
= 39 cm
1296
+ 225 =
1521
PQ = QR = RS = SP = 362 + 152 =
perimeter = 4 39 =156 cm
27. The base of a parallelogram is (p + 4), altitude to the base is (p - 3) and the area is (p2 - 4), find out its actual area.
A. 40 sq. units
B. 54 sq. units
C. 36 sq. units
D. 60 sq. units

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Area of a parallelogram , A = bh
w here b is the base and h
parallelogram
is
the
height of
the
Hence, we have
p2 - 4 = (p + 4)(p - 3)
=> p2 - 4 = p2 - 3p + 4p - 12
=> -4 = p - 12
=> p = 12 - 4 = 8
Hence, actual area = (p2 - 4) = 82 - 4 = 64 - 4 = 60 sq. units
28. A circle is inscribed in an equilateral triangle of side 24 cm, touching its sides. What is the area of the remaining portion of the triangle?
A.
144 3 48 cm2
B.
121 3 36 cm2
C.
144 3 36 cm2
D.
121 3 48 cm2

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
3 2
a
4
where a is length of one side of the equilateral triangle
Area of an equilateral triangle =
Area of the equilateral ABC =
3 2 3 2
a =
24 = 144 3 cm2 .............(1)
4
4
1
bh
2
where b is the base and h is the height of the triangle
Area of a triangle =
Let r = radius of the inscribed circle. Then

Area of ABC
= Area of OBC + Area of OCA + area of OAB
= ( r BC) + ( r CA) + ( r AB)
= r (BC + CA + AB)
= x r x (24 + 24 + 24)
= x r x 72 = 36r cm2 ------------------------------------------ (2)
From (1) and (2),
144 3 = 36r
r=
144
3 = 4 3 (3)
36
Area of a circle = r 2
where = radius of the circle
From (3), the area of the inscribed circle = r 2 = (4 3) = 48 (4)
Hence , Area of the remaining portion of the triangle

Area of ABC Area of inscribed circle
144 3 48 cm 2
29. A rectangular plot measuring 90 metres by 50 metres needs to be enclosed by wire fencing such that poles of the fence will be kept 5 metres apart. How many poles will
be needed?
A. 30
B. 44
C. 56
D. 60

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Perim eter of a rectangle = 2(l + b)
w here l is the length and b is the breadth of the rectangle
Length of the wire fencing = perimeter = 2(90 + 50) = 280

metres
Two poles will be kept 5 metres apart. Also remember that the
poles will be placed
along the perimeter of the rectangular plot, not in a single
straight line which is
very important.
Hence number of poles required = 2805 = 56
30. If the diagonals of a rhombus are 24 cm and 10 cm, what will be its perimeter
A. 42 cm
B. 64 cm
C. 56 cm
D. 52 cm

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the diagonals be PR and SQ such that PR = 24 cm and SQ =

10 cm
PO = OR =
24
= 12 cm
2
SO = OQ =
10
= 5 cm
2
= 13 cm
144
+ 25 =
169
PQ = QR = RS = SP = 122 + 52 =
perimeter = 4 13 = 52 cm
31. What will be the length of the longest rod which can be placed in a box of 80 cm length, 40 cm breadth and 60 cm height?
11600
cm
C. 10000 cm
A.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
14400
cm
D. 12040 cm
B.
The longest road which can fit into the box will have one end at
A and
other end at G (or any other similar diagonal)
Hence the length of the longest rod = AG
Initially let's find out AC. Consider the right angled triangle ABC
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = 402 + 802 = 1600 + 6400 = 8000
AC = 8000 cm
Consider the right angled triangle ACG
AG2 = AC2 + CG2
) 2 + 602 = 8000 + 3600 = 11600

8000
= (
cm
AG =
11600
cm
The length of the longest rod =
11600
I mportantFormulas-Average
1.
Average
Average=
2.
Sumofobservations
Numberofobservations
AverageSpeed
Ifacarcoversacertaindistanceatxkmphandanequaldistanceatykmph.Then,theaveragespeedofthewholejourney=
Comments(26)
2xy
x+y
kmph
Newest
teja 18Nov20148:49PM
therewere35studentsinahostel.duetotheadmissionof7newstudentstheexpensesforthemesswereincreasedby42/-perdaywhilethe
averageexpenditureperheaddiminishedbyRe1.whatwastheoriginalexpenditureofthemess.
Raj 21Nov20141:00AM
Lettheinitialaverageexpenditureperheadbex
Thentheinitialtotalexpenditure=35x
Aftertheadmissionof7newstudents,numberofstudentswillbecome42
averageexpenditureperhead=(x-1)
Newtotalexpenditure=42(x-1)
GiventhatExpensesforthemesswereincreasedby42
42(x-1)-35x=42
7x=84
x=12
Originalexpenditure=35x=Rs.420
1.Inthefirst10oversofacricketgame,therunratewasonly3.2.Whatshouldbetherunrateinthe
remaining40overstoreachthetargetof282runs?
A.6.25
B.5.5
C.7.4
D.5
HideAnswer | Notebook | Notebook |Discuss

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Runsscoredinthefirst10overs=10 3.2 = 32
Totalruns=282
remainingrunstobescored=282-32=250
remainingovers=40
Runrateneeded=
250
= 6.25
40
2.AgrocerhasasaleofRs.6435,Rs.6927,Rs.6855,Rs.7230andRs.6562for5consecutivemonths.
HowmuchsalemusthehaveinthesixthmonthsothathegetsanaveragesaleofRs.6500?
A.4800
B.4991
C.5004
D.5000

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Letthesaleinthesixthmonth=x
Then
6435 + 6927 + 6855 + 7230 + 6562 + x

6
= 6500
=> 6435 + 6927 + 6855+ 7230 + 6562 + x = 6 6500 =

39000
=>34009+x=39000
=>x=39000-34009=4991
3. The average of 20 numbers is zero. Of them, How many of them may be greater than zero , at the
most?
A.1
B.20
C.0
D.19

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Averageof20numbers=0
=>
Sumof20numbers
=0
20
=>Sumof20numbers=0
Henceatthemost,therecanbe19positivenumbers.
(Such that if the sum of these 19 positive numbers is x, 20th
numberwillbe-x)
4.Thecaptainofacricketteamof11membersis26yearsoldandthewicketkeeperis3yearsolder.If
the ages of these two are excluded, the average age of the remaining players is one year less than the
averageageofthewholeteam.Findouttheaverageageoftheteam.
A.23years
B.20years
C.24years
D.21years

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Numberofmembersintheteam=11
Lettheaverageageofoftheteam=x
=>
Sumoftheagesofallthe11membersoftheteam
11
=x
=>Sumoftheagesofallthe11membersoftheteam=11x
Ageofthecaptain=26
Ageofthewicketkeeper=26+3=29
Sum of the ages of 9 members of the team excluding captain
andwicketkeeper
=11x-26-29=11x-55
Average age of 9 members of the team excluding captain and
wicketkeeper
11x 55
9
Giventhat
11x 55
= (x 1)
9
=>11x-55=9(x-1)
=>11x-55=9x-9
=>2x=46
=> x =
46
= 23years
2
5. The average monthly income of A and B is Rs. 5050. The average monthly income of B and C is Rs.
6250andtheaveragemonthlyincomeofAandCisRs.5200.WhatisthemonthlyincomeofA?
A.2000
B.3000
C.4000
D.5000

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
LetthemonthlyincomeofA=a
monthlyincomeofB=b
monthlyincomeofC=a
a + b = 2 5050 (Equation1)
b + c = 2 6250 (Equation2)
a + c = 2 5200 (Equation3)
(Equation1)+(Equation3)-(Equation2)
=> a + b + a + c (b + c) = (2 5050) + (2 5200) (2 6250)

=>2a=2(5050+5200-6250)
=>a=4000
=>MonthlyincomeofA=4000
6. A car owner buys diesel at Rs.7.50, Rs. 8 and Rs. 8.50 per litre for three successive years. What
approximatelyistheaveragecostperlitreofdieselifhespendsRs.4000eachyear?
A.Rs.8
B.Rs.7.98
C.Rs.6.2
D.Rs.8.1

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
TotalCost=4000 3
Totaldieselused=
4000 4000 4000

+
+
7.5
8
8.5
averagecostperlitreofdiesel=
4000 3
4000 4000 4000
(
)
+
+
7.5
8
8.5
=
(
1
1
1
)
+ +
7.5 8 8.5
Itisimportanthowyouproceedfromthisstage.Remembertimeisveryimportanthere
andifwesolvethiscompletelyinthetraditionalway,itmaytakelotoftime.
Instead,wecanfindouttheapproximatevalueeasilyandselecttherightanswerfromthe
givenchoices
3
Inthiscaseanswer=
(
3
1 1 1
( + + )
8 8 8
1
1
1
)
+ +
7.5 8 8.5
3
3
( )
8
Meanswegotthatanswerisapproximatelyequalto8.Fromthegivenchoices,theanswer
canbe8or7.98or8.1.Butwhichonefromthese?
Itwillbeeasytofigureout.Justseeherethedenominatorwas
andweapproximateditas
1
1
1
+ +
7.5 8 8.5
3
.However
8
1
1
1
1
8 + .5 + 8 .5
+
=
+
=
7.5 8.5
8 .5
8 + .5
(8 .5) (8 + .5)
=
16
(8 2 .5 2 )
[becausea 2 b2 = (a b) (a + b)]
16
(64 .25)
ie,
1
1
16
+
=
7.5 8.5
(64 .25)
Weknowthat
=>
1 1
1
16
+ =
=
8 8
4
64
1
1
1 1
+
> +
7.5 8.5
8 8
Earlywehadapproximatedthedenominatoras
3
8
Howeverfromtheabovementionedequations,nowyouknowthatactuallydenominatoris
slightlygreaterthan
3
8
Itmeansthatanswerisslightlylowerthat8.Hencewecanpickthechoice7.98as
theanswer
Trytoremembertherelationsbetweennumbersandwhichcanhelpyoutosavealotoftime
whichcanbeverypreciousincompetitiveexams
7. In Kiran's opinion, his weight is greater than 65 kg but less than 72 kg. His brother does not agree
withKiranandhethinksthatKiran'sweightisgreaterthan60kgbutlessthan70kg.Hismother'sview
isthathisweightcannotbegreaterthan68kg.Ifallarethemarecorrectintheirestimation,whatisthe
averageofdifferentprobableweightsofKiran?
A.70kg
B.69kg
C.61kg
D.67kg

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
LetKiran'sweight=x.Then
AccordingtoKiran,65<x<72------------(equation1)
Accordingtobrother,60<x<70------------(equation2)
Accordingtomother,x 68------------(equation3)
Given that equation 1,equation 2 and equation 3 are correct.
Bycombiningtheseequations,
wecanwriteas
65 < x 68
Thatisx=66or67or68
averageofdifferentprobableweightsofKiran=
66 + 67 + 68
= 67
3
8.Theaverageweightof16boysinaclassis50.25kgandthatoftheremaining8boysis45.15kg.Find
theaverageweightsofalltheboysintheclass.
A.48.55
B.42.25
C.50
D.51.25

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Averageweightof16boys=50.25
TotalWeightof16boys=50.25 16
Averageweightofremaining8boys=45.15
TotalWeightofremaining8boys=45.15 8
Totalweightofallboysintheclass= (50.25 16) + (45.15 8)

Totalboys=16 + 8 = 24
Averageweightofalltheboys=
=
(50.25 2) + (45.15 1)
3
(50.25 16) + (45.15 8)

24
= (16.75 2) + 15.05 = 33.5 + 15.05
= 48.55
9. A library has an average of 510 visitors on Sundays and 240 on other days. What is the average
numberofvisitorsperdayinamonthof30daysbeginningwithaSunday?
A.290
B.304
C.285
D.270

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
inamonthof30daysbeginningwithaSunday,therewillbe4
completeweeksand
anothertwodayswhichwillbeSundayandMonday
Hencetherewillbe5Sundaysand25otherdaysinamonthof
30daysbeginningwith
aSunday
AveragevisitorsonSundays=510
Totalvisitorsof5Sundays=510 5
Averagevisitorsonotherdays=240
Totalvisitorsofother25days=240 25
Totalvisitors= (510 5) + (240 25)

Totaldays=30
Averagenumberofvisitorsperday=
=
(51 5) + (24 25)

3
(510 5) + (240 25)

30
= (17 5) + (8 25) = 85 + 200 = 285
10. A student's mark was wrongly entered as 83 instead of 63. Due to that the average marks for the
classgotincreasedbyhalf1/2.Whatisthenumberofstudentsintheclass?
A.45
B.40
C.35
D.30

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Letthetotalnumberofstudents=x
Theaveragemarksincreasedby
1
duetoanincreaseof83-63=20marks.
2
Buttotalincreaseinthemarks=
1
x
x=
2
2
Hencewecanwriteas
x
= 20
2
x = 20 2 = 40
11.Afamilyconsistsoftwograndparents,twoparentsandthreegrandchildren.Theaverageageofthe
grandparents is 67 years, that of the parents is 35 years and that of the grandchildren is 6 years. The
averageageofthefamilyis
2
years
7
1
C. 28 years
7
5
years
7
5
D. 30 years
7
A. 32
B. 31

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Totalageofthegrandparents=67 2
Totalageoftheparents=35 2
Totalageofthegrandchildren=6 3
Averageageofthefamily=
=
(67 2) + (35 2) + (6 3)
7
134 + 70 + 18
222
5
=
= 31
7
7
7
12.TheaverageweightofA,BandCis45kg.IftheaverageweightofAandBbe40kgandthatofB
andCbe43kg,whatistheweightofB?
A. 31 kg
C. 32 kg
1
kg
2
1
D. 30 kg
2
B. 28

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
LettheweightofA,BandCarea,bandcrespectively.
AverageweightofA,BandC=45
a + b + c = 45 3 = 135---equation(1)
averageweightofAandB=40
a + b = 40 2 = 80---equation(2)
averageweightofBandC=43
b + c = 43 2 = 86---equation(3)
equation(2)+equation(3)-equation(1) => a + b + b + c (a + b + c) = 80 + 86 135

=> b = 80 + 86 135 = 166 135 = 31
=> weightofB=31
13. If the average marks of three batches of 55, 60 and 45 students respectively is 50, 55, 60, what is
theaveragemarksofallthestudents?
A.53.23
B.54.68
C.51.33
D.50

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Averagemarksofbatch1=50
Studentsinbatch1=55
Totalmarksofbatch1 = 55 50
Studentsinbatch2=60
Studentsinbatch3=45
Totalstudents=55+60+45=160
Averagemarksofallthestudents=
=
(55 50) + (60 55) + (45 60)

160
275 + 330 + 270

875
=
= 54.68
16
16
14.Theaverageageofhusband,wifeandtheirchild3yearsagowas27yearsandthatofwifeandthe
child5yearsagowas20years.Whatisthepresentageofthehusband?
A.40
B.32
C.28
D.30

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
letthepresentageofthehusband=h
presentageofthewife=w
presentageofthechild=c
3yearsago,averageageofhusband,wifeandtheirchild=27
=> Sumofageofhusband,wifeandtheirchildbefore3years=3 27 = 81
=>(h-3)+(w-3)+(c-3)=81
=>h+w+c=81+9=90-------------------equation(1)
5yearsago,averageageofwifeandchild=20
=> Sumofageofwifeandchildbefore5years=2 20 = 40
=>(w-5)+(c-5)=40
=>w+c=40+10=50-------------------equation(2)
Substitutingequation(2)inequation(1)
=>h+50=90
=>h=90-50=40
=>presentageofthehusband=40
15. The average weight of 8 person's increases by 2.5 kg when a new person comes in place of one of
themweighing65kg.Whatistheweightofthenewperson?
A.75Kg
B.50Kg
C.85Kg
D.80Kg

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Totalincreaseinweight=8 2.5 = 20
Ifxistheweightofthenewperson,totalincreaseinweight=
x-65
=>20=x-65
=>x=20+65=85
16. There are two divisions A and B of a class, consisting of 36 and 44 students respectively. If the
averageweightofdivisionsAis40kgandthatofdivisionbis35kg.Whatistheaverageweightofthe
wholeclass?
A.38.25
B.37.25
C.38.5
D.37

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
TotalweightofstudentsindivisionA=36 40
TotalweightofstudentsindivisionB=44 35
Totalstudents=36 + 44 = 80
(36 40) + (44 35)
Averageweightofthewholeclass=
80
(9 40) + (11 35)
(9 8) + (11 7)
72 + 77
149
=
=
=
=
= 37.25
20
4
4
4
17.Abatsmanmakesascoreof87runsinthe17thinningandthusincreaseshisaveragesby3.Whatis
hisaverageafter17thinning?
A.39
B.35
C.42
D.40.5

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Lettheaverageafter17innings=x
Totalrunsscoredin17innings=17x
thenaverageafter16innings=(x-3)
Totalrunsscoredin16innings=16(x-3)
WeknowthatTotalrunsscoredin16innings+87=Totalruns
scoredin17innings
=>16(x-3)+87=17x
=>16x-48+87=17x
=>x=39
18. A student needed to find the arithmetic mean of the numbers 3, 11, 7, 9, 15, 13, 8, 19, 17, 21, 14
andx.Hefoundthemeantobe12.Whatisthevalueofx?
A.12
B.5
C.7
D.9

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
3 + 11 + 7 + 9 + 15 + 13 + 8 + 19 + 17 + 21 + 14 + x
12
137 + x
=>
= 12
12
= 12
=>137+x=144
=>x=144-137=7
19.Arunobtained76,65,82,67and85marks(outin100)inEnglish,Mathematics,Chemistry,Biology
andPhysics.Whatishisaveragemark?
A.53
B.54
C.72
D.75

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Averagemark=
76 + 65 + 82 + 67 + 85
5
375
= 75
5
20. Distance between two stations A and B is 778 km. A train covers the journey from A to B at 84 km
per hour and returns back to A with a uniform speed of 56km per hour. Find the average speed of the
trainduringthewholejourney?
A.69.0km/hr
B.69.2km/hr
C.67.2km/hr
D.67.0km/hr

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
------------------------------------------Solution1(Quick)
--------------------------------------------
Ifacarcoversacertaindistanceatxkmphandanequaldistanceatykmph.Then,
2xy
theaveragespeedofthewholejourney=
kmph.
x+y
Byusingthesameformula,wecanfindouttheaveragespeedquickly
2 84 56
2 84 56
2 21 56
averagespeed=
=
=
84 + 56
140
35
=
2 3 56
336
=
= 67.2
5
5
------------------------------------------Solution2(Fundamentals)
-------------------------------------------Though it is a good idea to solve the problems quickly using
formulas,youshould
know the fundamentals too. Let's see how we can solve this
problemsusingbasics
TraintravelsfromAtoBat84kmperhour
LetthedistancebetweenAandB=x
TotaltimetakenfortravelingfromAtoB=
TraintravelsfromBtoAat56kmperhour
distance
x
=
speed
84
TotaltimetakenfortravelingfromBtoA=
distance
x
=
speed
56
Totaldistancetravailed=x + x = 2x
Totaltimetaken=
Averagespeed=
2
1
1
+
84 56
x
x
+
84 56
Totaldistancetraveled
Totaltimetaken
2x
= x
x
+
84 56
2 84 56
2 84 56
2 21 56
2 3 56
=
=
=
56 + 84
140
35
5
336
= 67.2
5
21.Theaverageageofboysinaclassis16yearsandthatofthegirlsis15years.Whatistheaverage
ageforthewholeclass?
A.15
B.16
C.15.5
D.InsufficientData

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
We do not have the number of boys and girls. Hence we can
notfindouttheanswer.
22. The average age of 36 students in a group is 14 years. When teacher's age is included to it, the
averageincreasesbyone.Findouttheteacher'sageinyears?
A.51years
B.49years
C.53years
D.50years
Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
averageageof36studentsinagroupis14
=>Sumoftheagesof36students=36 14
When teacher's age is included to it, the average increases by
one=>average=15
=>Sumoftheagesof36studentsandtheteacher=37 15
Henceteachersage=37 15 36 14 = 37 15 14 (37 1) = 37 15 37 14 + 14
= 37 (15 14) + 14 = 37 + 14 = 51
23.Theaverageoffivenumbersid27.Ifonenumberisexcluded,theaveragebecomes25.Whatisthe
excludednumber?
A.30
B.40
C.32.5
D.35

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Sumof5numbers=5 27
Sumof4numbersafterexcludingonenumber=4 25
Excludednumber=5 27 4 25 = 135 100 = 35
24.Thebattingaveragefor40inningsofacricketplayeris50runs.Hishighestscoreexceedshislowest
scoreby172runs.Ifthesetwoinningsareexcluded,theaverageoftheremaining38inningsis48runs.
Findoutthehighestscoreoftheplayer.
A.150
B.174
C.180
D.166

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Totalrunsscoredbytheplayerin40innings=40 50
Totalrunsscoredbytheplayerin38inningsafterexcludingtwoinnings38 48
Sumofthescoresoftheexcludedinnings=40 50 38 48 = 2000 1824 = 176
Given that the scores of the excluded innings differ by 172.

Hencelet'stake
thehighestscoreasx+172andlowestscoreasx
Nowx+172+x=176
=>2x=4
=> x =
4
=2
2
highestscoreasx+172=2+172=174
25.Theaveragescoreofacricketerfortenmatchesis38.9runs.Iftheaverageforthefirstsixmatches
is42,whatistheaverageforthelastfourmatches?
A.34.25
B.36.4
C.40.2
D.32.25

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Totalrunsscoredin10matches=10 38.9
Totalrunsscoredinfirst6matches=6 42
Totalrunsscoredinthelast4matches=10 38.9 6 42
Averageoftherunsscoredinthelast4matches=
=
10 38.9 6 42
4
389 252
137
=
= 34.25
4
4
26. The average of six numbers is x and the average of three of these is y. If the average of the
remainingthreeisz,then
A.Noneofthese
B.x=y+z
C.2x=y+z
D.x=2y+2z

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Averageof6numbers=x
=>Sumof6numbers=6x
Averageofthe3numbers=y
=>Sumofthese3numbers=3y
Averageoftheremaining3numbers=z
=>Sumoftheremaining3numbers=3z
Nowweknowthat6x=3y+3z
=>2x=y+z
27. Suresh drives his car to a place 150 km away at an average speed of 50 km/hr and returns at 30
km/hr.Whatishisaveragespeedforthewholejourney?
A.32.5km/hr.
B.35km/hr.
C.37.5km/hr
D.40km/hr

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
------------------------------------------Solution1(Quick)
--------------------------------------------
Ifacarcoversacertaindistanceatxkmphandanequaldistanceatykmph.Then,
2xy
theaveragespeedofthewholejourney=
kmph.
x+y
Byusingthesameformula,wecanfindouttheaveragespeedquickly
2 50 30
2 50 30
2 50 3
averagespeed=
=
=
50 + 30
80
8
=
50 3
25 3
75
=
=
= 37.5
4
2
2
------------------------------------------Solution2(Fundamentals)
-------------------------------------------Though it is a good idea to solve the problems quickly using
formulas,youshould
know the fundamentals too. Let's see how we can solve this
problemsusingbasics.
Totaltimetakenfortravelingoneside=
Totaltimetakenforreturnjourney=
distance
150
=
speed
50
distance
150
=
speed
30
Totaldistancetravailed=150 + 150 = 2 150

Totaltimetaken=
Averagespeed=
2
1
1
+
50 30
150 150
+
50
30
Totaldistancetraveled
Totaltimetaken
2 150
150 150
+
50
30
2 50 30
30 + 50
2 50 30
2 50 3
=
80
8
50 3
25 3
75
=
=
= 37.5
4
2
2
28. The average age of a husband and his wife was 23 years at the time of their marriage. After five
yearstheyhaveaoneyearoldchild.Whatistheaverageageofthefamily?
A.21years
B.20years
C.18years
D.19years

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Totaloftheageofhusbandandwife=2 23 = 46
Totaloftheageofhusbandandwifeafter5years+Ageofthe1yearoldchild
= 46 + 5 + 5 + 1 = 57
Averageageofthefamily =
57
= 19
3
29. In an examination, a student's average marks were 63. If he had obtained 20 more marks for his
Geographyand2moremarksforhishistory,hisaveragewouldhavebeen65.Howmanysubjectswere
thereintheexamination?
A.12
B.11
C.13
D.14

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Letthenumberofsubjects=x
Then,Totalmarkshescoredforallsubjects=63x
If he had obtained 20 more marks for his Geography and 2

moremarksforhishistory,
hisaveragewouldhavebeen65
=>Totalmarkshewouldhavescoredforallsubjects=65x
Now we can form the equation as 65x - 63x = the additional
marksofthestudent=20+2=22
=>2x=22
=> x =
22
= 11
2
Banker'sDiscount
A.ImportantConceptsBanker'sDiscount
AssumethatamerchantApurchasesgoodsworth,sayRs.1000fromanothermerchantBatacreditofsay4months.
ThenBpreparesabillcalledbillofexchange(alsocalledHundi).Onreceiptsofgoods,AgivesanagreementbysigningonthebillallowingB
towithdrawthemoneyfromAsbankexactlyafter4monthsofthedateofthebill.
The date exactlyafter4monthsisknownasnominallyduedate. Three more days (called grace days) are added to this date to get a date
knownaslegallyduedate.
TheamountgivenonthebilliscalledtheFaceValue(F)whichisRs.1000inthiscase.
Assume that B needs this money before the legallydue date. He can approach a banker or broker who pays him the money against the bill,
but somewhat less than the face value. The banker deducts the simple interest on the face value for the unexpired time. This deduction is
knownasBankersDiscount(BD).Inanotherwords,BankDiscount(BD)isthesimpleinterestonthefacevaluefortheperiodfromthedate
onwhichthebillwasdiscountedandthelegallyduedate.
Thepresentvalueistheamountwhich,ifplacedataparticularrateforaspecifiedperiodwillamounttothatsumofmoneyattheendofthe
specifiedperiod.TheinterestonthepresentvalueiscalledtheTrueDiscount(TD).Ifthebankerdeductsthetruediscountonthefacevalue
fortheunexpiredtime,hewillnotgainanything.
BankersGain(BG)isthedifferencebetweenbankersdiscountandthetruediscountfortheunexpiredtime.
Note:Whenthedateofbillisnotgiven,gracedaysarenottobeadded.
B.ImportantFormulasBanker'sDiscount
Let F = Face Value of the Bill, TD = True Discount, BD = Bankers Discount, BG = Bankers Gain, R = Rate of Interest, PW = True Present
WorthandT=TimeinYears
BD=SimpleInterestonthefacevalueofthebillforunexpiredtime=
F
PW=
1+T(
R
)
100
TD=SimpleInterestonthepresentvalueforunexpiredtime=
TD=
BD 100
100 + TR
PW=F-TD
F=
BD TD
(BDTD)
(TD) 2
BG=BDTD=SimpleInterestonTD=
PW
TD= PW BG
TD=
FTR
100
BG 100
TR
PW TR
100
FTR
100 + (TR)
C.ASimpleExampletounderstandtheBasicConceptsofBanker'sDiscount
Whatisthepresentvalue,truediscount,banker'sdiscountandbanker'sgainonabillofRs.104500duein9monthsat6%perannum?
F=Rs.104500
T=9months=
9
3
years= years
12
4
R=6%
3
104500 6
FTR
3
4
=
= 1045 6 = Rs.4702.50
Banker'sDiscount,BD=
100
100
4
Presentvalue,PW=
TrueDiscount,TD=
R
)
1+T(
100
PW TR
100
104500
3
6
)
1+ ( ) (
4 100
= Rs.100000
3
6
3
4
= 1000 6 = Rs.4500
100
4
100000
Banker'sGain,BG=BDTD=4702.504500=Rs.202.50
1.Thebanker'sdiscountonabilldue4monthshenceat15%isRs.420.Whatisthetruediscount?
A.Rs.410
B.Rs.400
C.Rs.390
D.Rs.380

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
TD=
BD 100
=
100 + TR
420 100
4
100 + (
15)
12
420 100
1
100 + ( 15)
3
420 100
420 100
84 100
=
=
= 4 100 = 400
100 + 5
105
21
2.Thebanker'sdiscountonacertainamountdue2yearshenceis 1110ofthetruediscount.Whatisthe
ratepercent?
A.1%
B.5%
C.10%
D.12%

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
LetTD=Rs.1
ThenBD=
11
11
1=Rs.
10
10
T=2
R=?
F=
BD TD
=
(BDTD)
BD=
11
1)
10
11
1)
10
FTR
100
11
11 2 R
=
10
100
110 = 22R
R=
110
= 5%
22
11
10
=
=Rs.11
1
10
3. The present worth of a sum due sometimes hence is Rs.5760 and the baker's gain is Rs.10. What is
thetruediscount?
A.Rs.480
B.Rs.420
C.Rs.120
D.Rs.240

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
TD= PW BG = 5760 10 = 57600=Rs.240
4.Whatisthebanker'sdiscountifthetruediscountonabillofRs.540isRs.90?
A.Rs.108
B.Rs.120
C.Rs.102
D.Rs.106

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
PresentWorth,PW=FTD=54090=Rs.450
SimpleInterestonthePresentWorth=TrueDiscount
HenceSimpleIntereston450=90(Equation1)
SimpleInterestonthefacevalue=BankersDiscount
=>SimpleIntereston540=BankersDiscount
FromEquation1,SimpleIntereston450=90
Hence,SimpleIntereston540=
90
540
540 =
=Rs.108
450
5
=>BankersDiscount=Rs.108
5.AbillforRs.3000isdrawnon14thJulyat5months.Itisdiscountedon5thOctober at 10%. What is

theBanker'sDiscount?
A.Rs.60
B.Rs.82
C.Rs.90
D.Rs.120

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
F=Rs.3000
R=10%
Dateonwhichthebillisdrawn=14thJulyat5months
NominallyDueDate=14thDecember
LegallyDueDate=14thDecember+3days=17thDecember
Dateonwhichthebillisdiscounted=5thOctober
UnexpiredTime
=[6thto31stofOctober]+[30DaysinNovember]+[1stto
17thofDecember]
=26+30+17=73Days
73
1
year = year
365
5
FTR
100
1
10
1
5
= 30 10=Rs.60
100
5
3000
6.Thebankersdiscountandthetruediscountofasumat10%perannumsimpleinterestforthesame
timeareRs.100andRs.80respectively.Whatisthesumandthetime?
A.Sum=Rs.400andTime=5years
B.Sum=Rs.200andTime=2.5years
C.Sum=Rs.400andTime=2.5years
D.Sum=Rs.200andTime=5years

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
BD=Rs.100
TD=Rs.80
R=10%
F=
BD TD
100 80
100 80
=
=
= Rs. 400
20
(BDTD)
(100 80)
100 =
FTR
100
400 T 10
100
100 = 4 T 10
10 = 4 T
T =
10
= 2.5years
4
7. The banker's gain on a sum due 6 years hence at 12% per annum is Rs. 540. What is the banker's
discount?
A.1240
B.1120
C.1190
D.1290

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
TD=
BG 100
540 100
90 100
15 100
=
=
=
=Rs.750
TR
6 12
12
2
BG=BDTD
=>540=BD750
=>BD=540+750=1290
8. The present worth of a certain bill due sometime hence is Rs. 1296 and the true discount is Rs. 72.
Whatisthebanker'sdiscount?
A.Rs.76
B.Rs.72
C.Rs.74
D.Rs.4

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
(TD) 2
72 2
72 72
12 12
12
BG=
=
=
=
=
= Rs.4
PW
1296
1296
36
3
BG=BDTD
=>4=BD72
=>BD=72+4=Rs.76
9.Thebanker'sdiscountofacertainsumofmoneyisRs.36andthetruediscountonthesamesumfor
thesametimeisRs.30.Whatisthesumdue?
A.Rs.180
B.Rs.120
C.Rs.220
D.Rs.200

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
F=
BD TD
36 30
36 30
=
=
= 36 5=Rs.180
6
(BDTD)
(36 30)
10.Thebanker'sgainonabilldue1yearhenceat10%perannumisRs.20.Whatisthetruediscount?
A.Rs.200
B.Rs.100
C.Rs.150
D.Rs.250

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
TD=
BG 100
20 100
=
=Rs.200
TR
1 10
11. The banker's gain of a certain sum due 3 years hence at 10% per annum is Rs. 36. What is the
presentworth?
A.Rs.400
B.Rs.300
C.Rs.500
D.Rs.350

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
T=3years
R=10%
TD=
BG 100
36 100
=
= 12 10 = Rs.120
TR
3 10
TD=
PW TR
100
120 =
PW 3 10
100
1200 = PW 3
PW =
1200
=Rs.400
3
12.ThepresentworthofacertainsumduesometimehenceisRs.3400andthetruediscountisRs.340.
Thebanker'sgainis:
A.Rs.21
B.Rs.17
C.Rs.18
D.Rs.34

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
(TD) 2
(340) 2
340 340
340
BG=
=
=
=
= Rs.34
PW
3400
3400
10
13. The banker's discount on Rs. 1600 at 15% per annum is the same as true discount on Rs. 1680 for
thesametimeandatthesamerate.Whatisthetime?
A.3months
B.4months
C.5months
D.6months

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Bankers Discount, BD = Simple Interest on the face value of

thebillforunexpiredtime.
TrueDiscount,TD=SimpleInterestonthepresentvaluefor
unexpiredtime.
SimpleInterestonRs.1600=TrueDiscountonRs.1680
=>Rs.1600isthePresentWorth(PW)ofRs.1680
=>Rs.80istheSimpleInterestofRs.1600at15%
80 =
1600 T 15
100
80 = 16 T 15
5 = T 15
1=T 3
=>T=
1
12
year =
months = 4months
3
3
14.Thebanker'sgainonacertainsumdue 2
ratepercent?
1
9
yearshenceis
ofthebanker'sdiscount.Whatisthe
2
25
1
%
3
1
C. 24
%
3
1
%
2
1
D. 22
%
2
A. 18
B. 18

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
T=2
1
5
years = years
2
2
Letthebanker'sdiscount,BD=Rs.1
Then,banker'sgain,BG=
9
9
1=Rs.
25
25
BG=BDTD
9
= 1-TD
25
TD = 1
9
16
=
25
25
16
BD TD
25
F=
=
(BDTD)
16
(1
)
25
1
16
16
25
=
= Rs.
9
9
25
FTR
100
16 5
R
9
2
1=
100
100 =
16 5
R
9
2
100 =
16 5 R
92
100 =
85R
9
R=
=
100 9
100 9
59
=
=
85
40
2
45
1
= 22 %
2
2
15.Thebanker'sgainonasumdue3yearshenceat12%perannumisRs.360.Thebanker'sdiscount
is:
A.Rs.1360
B.Rs.1000
C.Rs.360
D.Rs.640

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
BG=Rs.360
T=3years
R=12%
TD=
BG 100
360 100
=
= Rs.1000
TR
3 12
BG=BDTD
=>BD=BG+TD=360+1000=Rs.1360
16. The true discount on a certain sum due 6 months hence at 15% is Rs. 240. What is the banker's
discountonthesamesumforthesametimeatthesamerate?
A.Noneofthese
B.Rs.278
C.Rs.228
D.Rs.258
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
TD=Rs.240
T=6months=
1
year
2
R=15%
TD=
BG 100
TR
240 =
BG =
BG 100
1
( 15)
2
240 15
120 15
=
= Rs.18
100 2
100
BG=BDTD
=>18=BD240
=>BD=18+240=Rs.258
17. A bill is discounted at 10% per annum. If banker's discount is allowed, at what rate percent should
theproceedsbeinvestedsothatnothingwillbelost?
A. 10
1
%
9
C. 11
1
%
9
2
%
D. 10
9
B. 11

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Lettheamount=Rs.100
Then BD = Rs.10
( banker's discount, BD is the simple
Interestonthefacevalue
ofthebillforunexpiredtimeandbillisdiscountedat10%per
annum)
Proceeds=Rs.100Rs.10=Rs.90
Hence we should get Rs.10 as the interest of Rs.90 for 1 year
sothatnothingwillbelost
10 =
R=
90 1 R
100
10 100
100
1
=
= 11 %
90
9
9
18. A banker paid Rs.5767.20 for a bill of Rs.5840, drawn of Apr 4 at 6 months. If the rate of interest
was7%,whatwasthedayonwhichthebillwasdiscounted?
A.3rdMarch
B.3rdSeptember
C.3rdOctober
D.3rdAugust

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
F=Rs.5840
R=7%
BD=58405767.20=Rs.72.8
BD=
FTR
100
72.8 =
T =
=
5840 T 7
100
72.8 100
10.4 100
1040
104
13
=
=
=
=
years
7 5840
5840
5840
584
73
13 365
Days = 65Days
73
UnexpiredTime=65Days
GiventhatDateofDrawofthebill=4thAprilat6months
=>NominallyDueDate=4thOctober
=>LegallyDueDate=(4thOctober+3days)=7thOctober
Hence,Thedateonwhichthebillwasdiscounted
=(7thOctober65days)
=(7thOctober7daysinOctober30daysinSeptember28daysinAugust)
=3rdAugust
19.Thebanker'sdiscountonasumofmoneyfor3yearsisRs.1116.Thetruediscountonthesamesum
for4yearsisRs.1200.Whatistheratepercent?
A.8%
B.12%
C.10%
D.6%

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
BDfor3years=Rs.1116
BDfor4years=
1116
4=Rs.1488
3
TDfor4years=Rs.1200
F=
BD TD
1488 1200
1488 1200
124 1200
124 100
=
=
=
=
= 62 100 = Rs.6200
288
24
2
(BDTD)
(1488 1200)
=>Rs.1488isthesimpleinterestonRs.6200for4years
1488 =
R=
=
6200 4 R
100
1488 100
372 100
=
6200 4
6200
372
= 6%
62
20.ThetruediscountonabillofRs.2160isRs.360.Whatisthebanker'sdiscount?
A.Rs.432
B.Rs.422
C.Rs.412
D.Rs.442

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
F=Rs.2160
TD=Rs.360
PW=FTD=2160360=Rs.1800
True Discount is the Simple Interest on the present value for
unexpiredtime
=>SimpleInterestonRs.1800forunexpiredtime=Rs.360
Banker's Discount is the Simple Interest on the face value of
thebillforunexpiredtime
=SimpleInterestonRs.2160forunexpiredtime
360
1
2160 = 2160 = Rs.432
1800
5
21. The banker's gain of a certain sum due 2 years hence at 10% per annum is Rs. 24. What is the
presentworth?
A.Rs.600
B.Rs.500
C.Rs.400
D.Rs.300

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
T=2years
R=10%
TD=
BG 100
24 100
=
= 12 10 = Rs.120
TR
2 10
TD=
PW TR
100
120 =
PW 2 10
100
1200 = PW 2
PW =
1200
=Rs.600
2
22.ThetruediscountonabillforRs.2520due6monthshenceat10%perannumis
A.Rs.180
B.Rs.140
C.Rs.80
D.Rs.120

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
F=Rs.2520
T = 6months=
1
year
2
R=10%
TD=
1
10
2
=
1
100 + ( 10)
2
2520
FTR
100 + (TR)
1
10
2
=
1
100 + ( 10)
2
2520
1260 10
12600
2520
=
=
= Rs.120
100 + 5
105
21
23.WhatisthepresentworthofabillofRs.1764due2yearshenceat5%compoundinterestis
A.Rs.1600
B.Rs.1200
C.Rs.1800
D.Rs.1400

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Sincethecompoundinterestistakenhere,
2
5
)
PW(1 +
100
1
)
PW(1 +
20
PW(
21
)
20
PW
= 1764
= 1764
= 1764
441
= 1764
400
PW =
1764 400
= 4 400 = Rs.1600
441
24.IfthediscountonRs.498at5%simpleinterestisRs.18,whenisthesumdue?
A.8months
B.11months
C.10months
D.9months

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
F=Rs.498
TD=Rs.18
PW=FTD=49818=Rs.480
R=5%
TD=
PW TR
100
18 =
480 T 5
100
18 = 24 T
T =
18
3
12 3
= years =
months=9months
24
4
4
25.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthebanker'sdiscountandthetruediscountonRs.8100for3months
at5%
A.Rs.2
B.Rs.1.25
C.Rs.2.25
D.Rs.0.5

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
F=Rs.8100
R=5%
T=3months=
BD=
TD=
FTR
=
100
1
years
4
1
5
2025
405
4
=
=
=Rs.101.25
100
20
4
8100
FTR
100 + (TR)
8100
100 + (
1
5
4
1
5)
4
2025 5
5
100 + ( )
4
2025 5 4
2025 5 4
405 5 4
45 5 4
=
=
=
400 + 5
405
81
9
= 5 5 4=Rs.100
BDTD=Rs.101.25Rs.100=Rs.1.25
26.TheB.G.onacertainsum4yearshenceat5%isRs.200.Whatisthepresentworth?
A.Rs.4500
B.Rs.6000
C.Rs.5000
D.Rs.4000

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
T=4years
R=5%
Banker'sGain,BG=Rs.200
BG 100
200 100
=
= Rs.1000
TR
45
TD= PW BG
TD=
1000 = PW 200
1000000 = PW 200
PW =
1000000
=Rs.5000
200
27.TheB.D.andT.D.onacertainsumisRs.200andRs.100respectively.Findoutthesum.
A.Rs.400
B.Rs.300
C.Rs.100
D.Rs.200

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
F=
BD TD
200 100
200 100
=
=
= Rs.200
200 100
100
(BDTD)
28.Thebanker'sdiscountonabilldue6monthshenceat6%isRs.18.54.Whatisthetruediscount?
A.Rs.24
B.Rs.12
C.Rs.36
D.Rs.18

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
T=6months=
R=6%
1
year
2
TD=
BD 100
=
100 + TR
18.54 100
1
100 + ( 6)
2
18.54 100
103
1854
= Rs.18
103
29. The banker's discount on a sum of money for 1

sumfor2yearsisRs.150.Whatistheratepercent?
1
%
3
2
C. 3
%
3
1
years is Rs. 120. The true discount on the same
2
1
%
3
2
D. 4
%
3
A. 3
B. 4

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
BDfor1
1
years=Rs. 120
2
BDfor2years=120
2
2 = Rs.160
3
TDfor2years=Rs.150
F=
BD TD
160 150
160 150
=
=
= Rs.2400
160 150
10
(BDTD)
=>Rs.160isthesimpleinterestonRs.2400for2years
160 =
R=
=
2400 2 R
100
160 100
160
=
2400 2
48
20
10
1
=
=3 %
6
3
3
30. The present worth of a certain bill due sometime hence is Rs. 400 and the true discount is Rs. 20.
Whatisthebanker'sdiscount?
A.Rs.19
B.Rs.22
C.Rs.20
D.Rs.21

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
(TD) 2
20 2
BG=
=
= Rs.1
PW
400
BG=BDTD
=>1=BD20
=>BD=1+20=Rs.21
ImportantFormulasBoatsandStreams
1. Dow nstream
Inwater,thedirectionalongthestreamiscalleddownstream.
2. U pstream
Inwater,thedirectionagainstthestreamiscalledupstream.
Letthespeedofaboatinstillwaterbeukm/hrandthespeedofthestreambevkm/hr,then
3.
Speeddownstream=(u+v)km/hr
Speedupstream=(u-v)km/hr.
Letthespeeddownstreambeakm/hrandthespeedupstreambebkm/hr,then
4.
Som em oreshort-cutm ethods

Assume that a man can row at the speed of x km/hr in still water and he rows the same distance
upanddowninastreamwhichflowsatarateofykm/hr.Thenhisaveragespeedthroughoutthe
journey
5.
Letthespeedofamaninstillwaterbexkm/hrandthespeedofastreambeykm/hr.Ifhetakes
thoursmoreinupstreamthantogodownstreamforthesamedistance,thedistance
6.
A man rows a certain distance downstream in t1hours and returns the same distance upstream in
t2hours.Ifthespeedofthestreamisykm/hr,thenthespeedofthemaninstillwater
7.
A man can row a boat in still water at x km/hr. In a stream flowing at y km/hr, if it takes him t
hourstorowaplaceandcomeback,thenthedistancebetweenthetwoplaces
8.
Amantakesntimesaslongtorowupstreamastorowdownstreamtheriver.Ifthespeedofthe
manisxkm/hrandthespeedofthestreamisykm/hr,then
9.
1. A man's speed with the current is 15 km/hr and the speed of the current is 2.5 km/hr. The man's
speedagainstthecurrentis:
A.8.5km/hr
B.10km/hr.
C.12.5km/hr
D.9km/hr

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Man'sspeedwiththecurrent=15km/hr
=>speedoftheman+speedofthecurrent=15km/hr
speedofthecurrentis2.5km/hr
Hence,speedoftheman=15-2.5=12.5km/hr
man'sspeedagainstthecurrent=speedoftheman-speedof
thecurrent
=12.5-2.5=10km/hr
2. A motorboat, whose speed in 15 km/hr in still water goes 30 km downstream and comes back in a
totalof4hours30minutes.Thespeedofthestream(inkm/hr)is:
A.10
B.6
C.5
D.4

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Speedofthemotorboat=15km/hr
Letspeedofthestream=v
Speeddownstream=(15+v)km/hr
Speedupstream=(15-v)km/hr
3.Inonehour,aboatgoes14km/hralongthestreamand8km/hragainstthestream.Thespeedofthe
boatinstillwater(inkm/hr)is:
A.12km/hr
B.11km/hr
C.10km/hr
D.8km/hr

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
------------------------------------------------------------------Solution1:U singForm ula

-------------------------------------------------------------------
Let the speed downstream be a km/hr and the speed

upstreambebkm/hr,then
[Readmore...]
------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2:U singP rinciples

------------------------------------------------------------------Letspeedoftheboatinstillwater=aandspeedofthe
stream=b
Then
a+b=14
a-b=8
Addingthesetwoequations,weget2a=22
=>a=11
ie,speedofboatinstillwater=11km/hr
4.Amanrowstoaplace48kmdistantandcomebackin14hours.Hefindsthathecanrow4kmwith
thestreaminthesametimeas3kmagainstthestream.Therateofthestreamis:
A.1km/hr.
B.2km/hr.
C.1.5km/hr.
D.2.5km/hr.

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Assumethathemoves4kmdownstreaminxhours
Giventhathecanrow4kmwiththestreaminthesametime
as3kmagainstthestream
Herowstoaplace48kmdistantandcomebackin14hours
Now we can use the below formula to find the rate of the
stream

[Readmore...]
5.Aboatmangoes2kmagainstthecurrentofthestreamin2hourandgoes1kmalongthecurrentin
20minutes.Howlongwillittaketogo5kminstationarywater?
A.2hr30min
B.2hr
C.4hr
D.1hr15min
Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
6.Speedofaboatinstandingwateris14kmphandthespeedofthestreamis1.2kmph.Amanrowsto
aplaceatadistanceof4864kmandcomesbacktothestartingpoint.Thetotaltimetakenbyhimis:
A.700hours
B.350hours
C.1400hours
D.1010hours

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Speeddownstream=(14+1.2)=15.2kmph
Speedupstream=(14-1.2)=12.8kmph
7. The speed of a boat in still water in 22 km/hr and the rate of current is 4 km/hr. The distance
travelleddownstreamin24minutesis:
A.9.4km
B.10.2km
C.10.4km
D.9.2km

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Speeddownstream=(22+4)=26kmph
8.Aboatcoversacertaindistancedownstreamin1hour,whileitcomesbackin112hours.Ifthespeed
ofthestreambe3kmph,whatisthespeedoftheboatinstillwater?
A.14kmph
B.15kmph
C.13kmph
D.12kmph

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Letthespeedofthewaterinstillwater=x
Giventhatspeedofthestream=3kmph
Speeddownstream=(x+3)kmph
Speedupstream=(x-3)kmph
He travels a certain distance downstream in 1 hour and come
backin112hour.
ie, distance travelled downstream in 1 hour = distance
travelledupstreamin112hour
sincedistance=speedtime,wehave
=>2(x+3)=3(x-3)
=>2x+6=3x-9
=>x=6+9=15kmph
9.Aboatrunningupstreamtakes8hours48minutestocoveracertaindistance,whileittakes4hours
to cover the same distance running downstream. What is the ratio between the speed of the boat and
speedofthewatercurrentrespectively?
A.5:6
B.6:5
C.8:3
D.3:8

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Lettherateupstreamoftheboat=xkmph
andtheratedownstreamoftheboat=ykmph
Distance travelled upstream in 8 hrs 48 min = Distance
travelleddownstreamin4hrs.
Sincedistance=speedtime,wehave
Nowconsidertheformulagivenbelow

[Readmore...]
10.Aboatcantravelwithaspeedof22km/hrinstillwater.Ifthespeedofthestreamis5km/hr,find
thetimetakenbytheboattogo54kmdownstream
A.5hours
B.4hours
C.3hours
D.2hours

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Speedoftheboatinstillwater=22km/hr
speedofthestream=5km/hr
Speeddownstream=(22+5)=27km/hr
Distancetravelleddownstream=54km
11. A boat running downstream covers a distance of 22 km in 4 hours while for covering the same
distanceupstream,ittakes5hours.Whatisthespeedoftheboatinstillwater?
A.5kmph
B.4.95kmph
C.4.75kmph
D.4.65

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
12. A man takes twice as long to row a distance against the stream as to row the same distance in
favourofthestream.Theratioofthespeedoftheboat(instillwater)andthestreamis:
A.3:1
B.1:3
C.1:2
D.2:1

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Letspeedupstream=x
Then,speeddownstream=2x
13.Amancanrowat5kmphinstillwater.Ifthevelocityofcurrentis1kmphandittakeshim1hour
torowtoaplaceandcomeback,howfaristheplace?
A.3.2km
B.3km
C.2.4km
D.3.6km

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Speedinstillwater=5kmph
Speedofthecurrent=1kmph
Speedupstream=(5-1)=4kmph
Lettherequiteddistancebexkm
Totaltimetaken=1hour
=>2x+3x=12
=>5x=12
=>x=2.4km
14. A man can row three-quarters of a kilometre against the stream in 1114 minutes and down the
streamin712minutes.Thespeed(inkm/hr)ofthemaninstillwateris:
A.4kmph
B.5kmph
C.6kmph
D.8kmph

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
15. A boat takes 90 minutes less to travel 36 miles downstream than to travel the same distance
upstream.Ifthespeedoftheboatinstillwateris10mph,thespeedofthestreamis:
A.4mph
B.2.5mph
C.3mph
D.2mph

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Speedoftheboatinstillwater=10mph
Letspeedofthestreambexmph
Then,speeddownstream=(10+x)mph
speedupstream=(10-x)mph
Sincexcannotbenegative,x=2mph
16. Tap 'A' can fill the tank completely in 6 hrs while tap 'B' can empty it by 12 hrs. By mistake, the
person forgot to close the tap 'B', As a result, both the taps, remained open. After 4 hrs, the person
realizedthemistakeandimmediatelyclosedthetap'B'.Inhowmuchtimenowonwards,wouldthetank
befull?
A.2hours
B.4hours
C.5hours
D.1hour

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
TapAcanfillthetankcompletelyin6hours
=>I n1hour,TapAcanfill1 6 ofthetank
TapBcanemptythetankcompletelyin12hours
=>I n1hour,TapBcanem pty1 1 2 ofthetank
i.e., In one hour, Tank A and B together can effectively
fill 16- 112= 112ofthetank
=> In 4 hours, Tank A and B can effectively fill 112 4
= 13ofthetank.
17.ACisternisfilledbypipeAin8hrsandthefullCisterncanbeleakedoutbyanexhaustpipeBin12
hrs.IfboththepipesareopenedinwhattimetheCisternisfull?
A.12hrs
B.24hrs
C.16hrs
D.32hrs

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
PipeAcanfill 18ofthecisternin1hour.
PipeBcanempty 112ofthecisternin1hour
BothPipeAandBtogethercaneffectivelyfill 18-112= 124 of
thecisternin1hour
i.e,thecisternwillbefullin24hrs.
18. In a river flowing at 2 km/hr, a boat travels 32 km upstream and then returns downstream to the
startingpoint.Ifitsspeedinstillwaterbe6km/hr,findthetotaljourneytime.
A.10hours
B.12hours
C.14hours
D.16hours

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
-----------------------------------------------------------Solution1
-----------------------------------------------------------speedoftheboat=6km/hr
Speedupstream=(6-2)=4km/hr
Distance travelled downstream = Distance travelled upstream
=32km
Total time taken = Time taken downstream + Time taken
upstream
-----------------------------------------------------------Solution2
------------------------------------------------------------
A man can row a boat in still water at x km/hr. In a stream

flowingatykm/hr,ifittakeshimthourstorowaplaceand
comeback,thenthedistancebetweenthetwoplaces
[Readmore...]
x=6km/hr
y=2km/hr
distance=32km
Aspertheformula,wehave
19. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 10 hrs and 40 hrs respectively. If both the pipes are opened
simultaneously,howmuchtimewillbetakentofillthetank?
A.8hours
B.6hours
C.4hours
D.2hours

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
PipeAcanfill 110ofthetankin1hr
PipeBcanfill 140ofthetankin1hr
PipeAandBtogethercanfill 110+ 140= 18of the tank in 1
hr
i.e.,PipeAandBtogethercanfillthetankin8hours
20.Aboatcoversacertaindistancedownstreamin4hoursbuttakes6hourstoreturnupstreamtothe
startingpoint.Ifthespeedofthestreambe3km/hr,findthespeedoftheboatinstillwater
A.15km/hr
B.12km/hr
C.13km/hr
D.14km/hr

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------Solution1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------Letthespeedofthewaterinstillwater=x
Giventhatspeedofthestream=3kmph
Speeddownstream=(x+3)kmph
Speedupstream=(x-3)kmph
He travels a certain distance downstream in 4 hour and come
backin6hour.
ie, distance travelled downstream in 4 hour = distance
travelledupstreamin6hour
sincedistance=speedtime,wehave
=>(x+3)2=(x-3)3
=>2x+6=3x-9
=>x=6+9=15kmph
-----------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A man rows a certain distance downstream in t1 hours and

returns the same distance upstream in t2 hours. If the speed
of the stream is y km/hr, then the speed of the man in still
water
[Readmore...]
t1=4hour
t2=6hour
y=3km/hr
Byusingthetheabovformula,Speedoftheboatinstillwater
21.Ifamanrowsattherateof5kmphinstillwaterandhisrateagainstthecurrentis3kmph,thenthe
man'sratealongthecurrentis:
A.5kmph
B.7kmph
C.12kmph
D.8kmph

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Lettheratealongwiththecurrentisxkm/hr
=>x+3=10
=>x=7kmph
22. A man can row 8 km/hr in still water. If the river is running at 3 km/hr, it takes 3 hours more in
upstreamthantogodownstreamforthesamedistance.Howfaristheplace?
A.32.5km
B.25km
C.27.5km
D.22.5km

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
-------------------------------------------------------Solution1
-------------------------------------------------------Letthespeeddownstream=xandspeedupdstream=y
Then
=>x+y=16---(Equation1)
=>x-y=6---(Equation2)
(Equation1+Equation2)=>2x=22
=>x=11km/hr
(Equation1-Equation2)=>2y=10
=>y=5km/hr
Time taken to travel upstream = Time taken to travel
downstream+3
Letdistancebexkm
Then
=>11x=5x+165
=>6x=165
=>2x=55
=>x=27.5
-------------------------------------------------------Solution2
---------------------------------------------------------
Let the speed of a man in still water be x km/hr and the

speed of a stream be y km/hr. If he takes t hours more in
upstream than to go downstream for the same distance, the
distance
[Readmore...]
x=8km/hr
y=3km/hr
t=3hours
Aspertheformula,wehave
23. A man can row 4 kmph is still water. If the river is running at 2 kmph it takes 90 min to row to a
placeandback.Howfaristheplace?
A.2km
B.4km
C.5km
D.2.25km

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Speedinstillwater=4kmph
Speedofthestream=2kmph
Totaltime=90minutes= 9060hour= 32hour
LetLbethedistance.Then
=>L+3L=9
=>4L=9
=>L= 94=2.25km
24.Athisusualrowingrate,Rahulcantravel12milesdownstreaminacertainriverin6hourslessthan
it takes him to travel the same distance upstream. But if he could double his usual rowing rate for his
24-mile round trip, the downstream 12 miles would then take only one hour less than the upstream 12
miles.Whatisthespeedofthecurrentinmilesperhour?
A.
mph
B.
mph
C.
mph
D.
mph

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
LetthespeedofRahulinstillwaterbexmph
andthespeedofthecurrentbeymph
Then,Speedupstream=(x-y)mph
Speeddownstream=(x+y)mph
Distance=12miles
Time taken to travel upstream - Time taken to travel
downstream=6hours
Nowhedoubleshisspeed.i.e.,hisnewspeed=2x
Now,Speedupstream=(2x-y)mph
Speeddownstream=(2x+y)mph
In this case, Time taken to travel upstream - Time taken to

traveldownstream=1hour
25.Amancanrow40kmphinstillwaterandtheriverisrunningat10kmph.Ifthemantakes1hrto
rowtoaplaceandback,howfaristheplace?
A.16.5kmph
B.12.15kmph
C.2.25kmph
D.18.75kmph

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Letthedistancebex
Totaltimetaken=1hr
26. A boatman can row 96 km downstream in 8 hr. If the speed of the current is 4 km/hr, then find in
whattimewillbeabletocover8kmupstream?
A.6hr
B.2hr
C.4hr
D.1hr

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Speeddownstream= 968=12kmph
Speedofcurrent=4km/hr
Speedoftheboatmaninstillwater=12-4=8kmph
Speedupstream=8-4=4kmph
Timetakentocover8kmupstream= 84=2hours
27. The speed of a boat in still water is 10 km/hr. If it can travel 78 km downstream and 42 km
upstreaminthesametime,thespeedofthestreamis
A.3km/hr
B.12km/hr
C.1.5km/hr
D.4.4km/hr

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Letthespeedofthestreambexkm/hr.Then
Speedupstream=(10-x)km/hr
Speeddownstream=(10+x)km/hr
Time taken to travel 78 km downstream = Time taken to

travel42kmupstream
28. A man can row at a speed of 12 km/hr in still water to a certain upstream point and back to the
startingpointinariverwhichflowsat3km/hr.Findhisaveragespeedfortotaljourney.
A.
km/hr
B.
km/hr
C.
km/hr
D.
km/hr

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Assumethatamancanrowatthespeedofxkm/hrinstillwaterand
he rows the same distance up and down in a stream which flows at a
rateofykm/hr.Thenhisaveragespeedthroughoutthejourney
[Readmore...]
Speedofthemaninstillwater=12km/hr
Speedofthestream=3km/hr
Speedupstream=(12-3)=9km/hr
29.Aboatmancanrow3kmagainstthestreamin20minutesandreturnin18minutes.Findtherateof
current
A. 12km/hr
B.1km/hr
C. 13km/hr
D. 23km/hr

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
30.Aboattakes38hoursfortravellingdownstreamfrompointAtopointBandcomingbacktopointC
midwaybetweenAandB.Ifthevelocityofthestreamis4kmphandthespeedoftheboatinstillwater
is14kmph,whatisthedistancebetweenAandB?
A.240km
B.120km
C.360km
D.180km

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
velocityofthestream=4kmph
Speedoftheboatinstillwateris14kmph
LetthedistancebetweenAandBbexkm
TimetakentotraveldownstreamfromAtoB+Timetakento
travelupstreamfromBtoC(midofAandB)=38hours
Page1
Page2
31. If a man's rate with the current is 15 km/hr and the rate of the current is 112 km/hr, then his rate
againstthecurrentis
A.12km/hr
B.10km/hr
C.10.5km/hr
D.12.5km/hr

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Speeddownstream=15km/hr
Rateofthecurrent=112km/hr
Speedinstillwater=15-112=1312km/hr
Rateagainstthecurrent=1312km/hr-112=12km/hr
32.Thespeedoftheboatinstillwaterin12kmph.Itcantraveldownstreamthrough45kmsin3hrs.In
whattimewoulditcoverthesamedistanceupstream?
A.8hours
B.6hours
C.4hours
D.5hours

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Speeddownstream= 453=15km/hr
Speedofthestream=15-12=3km/hr
Speedupstream=12-3=9km/hr
Timetakentocover45kmupstream= 459=5hours
33.Aboatgoes8kmupstreamin24minutes.Thespeedofstreamis4km/hr.Thespeedofboatinstill
wateris:
A.25km/hr
B.26km/hr
C.22km/hr
D.24km/hr

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Speedupstream=
8
24
( )
60
=20km/hr
Speedofthestream=4km/hr
speedofboatinstillwater=(20+4)=24km/hr
34. The Speed of a boat in still water is 25 kmph. If it can travel 10 km upstream in 1 hr, What time it
wouldtaketotravelthesamedistancedownstream?
A.22minutes
B.30minutes
C.40minutes
D.15minutes

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Speedofboatinstillwater=25km/hr
Speedupstream= 101=10km/hr
Speedofthestream=(25-10)=15km/hr
Timetakentotravel10kmdownstream=
10
10 60
hours =
= 15minutes
40
40
35.Aboatcantravelwithaspeedof12km/hrinstillwater.Ifthespeedofthestreamis4km/hr,find
thetimetakenbytheboattogo68kmdownstream.
A.4hr
B.4.25hr
C.4.5hr
D.6hr

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
speedofboatinstillwater=12km/hr
speedofthestream=4km/hr
Timetakentotravel68kmdownstream= 6816= 174 = 4.25
hours
36. A man can row 7.5 kmph in still water and he finds that it takes him twice as long to row up as to
rowdowntheriver.Findtherateofstream.
A.10km/hr
B.2.5km/hr
C.5km/hr
D.7.5km/hr

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Giventhat,timetakentotravelupstream=2timetakento
traveldownstream
When distance is constant, speed is inversely proportional to
thetime
Hence,2speedupstream=speeddownstream
Letspeedupstream=x
Thenspeeddownstream=2x
wehave,
1
(x + 2x)=speedinstillwater
2
1
(3x) = 7.5
2
3x=15
x=5
i.e.,speedupstream=5km/hr
Rateofstream=
1
x
5
(2x x) =
=
= 2.5km/hr
2
2
2
37. A boat moves downstream at the rate of one km in 5 minutes and upstream at the rate of 4 km an
hour.Whatisthevelocityofthecurrent?
A.4km/hr
B.2km/hr
C.3km/hr
D.1km/hr

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Speeddownstream=
1
5
( )
60
= 12km/hr
4
=4km/hr
1
1
velocityofthecurrent= (12 4) = 4km/hr
2
Speedupstream=
38. The speed of a boat in still water is 15 km/hr and the rate of current is 3 km/hr. The distance
travelleddownstreamin24minutesis
A.3.6km
B.2.4km
C.3.2km
D.7.2km

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
speedofaboatinstillwater=15km/hr
Speedofthecurrent=3km/hr
Distancetravelleddownstreamin24minutes =
24
2 18
18 =
=7.2km
60
5
39.Thecurrentofastreamrunsattherateof2kmperhr.Amotorboatgoes10kmupstreamandback
againtothestartingpointin55min.Findthespeedofthemotorboatinstillwater?
A.22km/hr
B.12km/hr
C.20km/hr
D.16km/hr

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Letthespeedoftheboatinstillwater=xkm/hr
Speedofthecurrent=2km/hr
Then,speeddownstream=(x+2)km/hr
speedupstream=(x-2)km/hr
Total time taken to travel 10 km upstream and back = 55
minutes= 5560hour= 1112hour
10
10
11
+
=
x2
x+2
12
120(x + 2) + 120(x 2) = 11(x 2 4)

240x = 11x 2 44
11x 2 240x 44 = 0
11x 2 242x + 2x 44 = 0
11x(x 22) + 2(x 22) = 0
(x 22)(11x + 2) = 0
x = 22or
2
11
Sincexcannotbenegative,x=22
i.e.,speedoftheboatinstillwater=22km/hr
40. The speed of a boat in still water is 8 kmph. If it can travel 1 km upstream in 1 hr, What time it
wouldtaketotravelthesamedistancedownstream?
A.1minute
B.2minutes
C.3minutes
D.4minutes

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Speedupstream= 11=1km/hr
Speedofthestream=8-1=7km/hr
Timetakentotravel1kmdownstream=
1
1 60
hr=
=4minutes
15
15
1.WhatdayoftheweekdoesMay282006fallon
A.Saturday
B.Monday
C.Sunday
D.Thursday

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
28thMay2006=(2005years+periodfrom1-Jan-2006to28May-2006)
Weknowthatnumberofodddaysin400years=0
Hence the number of odd days in 2000 years = 0 (Since 2000
isaperfectmultipleof400)
Numberofodddaysintheperiod2001-2005
=4normalyears+1leapyear
=4x1+1x2=6
Daysfrom1-Jan-2006to28-May-2006=31(Jan)+28(Feb)+
31(Mar)+30(Apr)+28(may)
=148
148days=21weeks+1day=1oddday
Totalnumberofodddays=(0+6+1)=7odddays=0odd
day
0oddday=Sunday
HenceMay282006isSunday.
2.Whatwillbethedayoftheweek15thAugust,2010?
A.Thursday
B.Sunday
C.Monday
D.Saturday

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
15thAug2010=(2009years+periodfrom1-Jan-2010to15Aug-2010)
=7x1+2x2=11=(11-7x1)oddday=4oddday
Daysfrom1-Jan-2010to15-Aug-2010
= 31 (Jan) + 28 (Feb) + 31 (Mar) + 30 (Apr) + 31(may) +
30(Jun)+31(Jul)+15(Aug)
=227
227days=32weeks+3day=3oddday
Totalnumberofodddays=(0+4+3)=7odddays=0odd
day
0oddday=Sunday
Hence15thAugust,2010isSunday.
3.TodayisMonday.After61days,itwillbe
A.Thursday
B.Sunday
C.Monday
D.Saturday

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
61days=8weeks5days=5odddays
Hence if today is Monday, After 61 days, it will be = (Monday

+5odddays)
=Saturday
4.OnwhatdatesofApril,2001didWednesdayfall?
A.2nd,9th,16th,23rd
B.4th,11th,18th,25th
C.3rd,10th,17th,24th
D.1st,8th,15th,22nd,29th

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Weneedtofindoutthedayof01-Apr-2001
01-Apr-2001 = (2000 years + period from 1-Jan-2001 to 01Apr-2001)
Daysfrom1-Jan-2001to01-Apr-2001=31(Jan)+28(Feb)+
31(Mar)+1(Apr)=91
91days=13weeks=0oddday
Totalnumberofodddays=(0+0)=0odddays
0oddday=Sunday.Hence01-Apr-2001isSunday.
Hence first Wednesday of Apr 2011 comes in 04th and

successiveWednesdays
comein11th,18thand25th
5.Howmanydaysarethereinxweeksxdays
A.14x
B.8x
C.7x2
D.7

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
xweeksxdays= (7 x) + x = 7x + x = 8xdays
6.Thecalendarfortheyear2007willbethesamefortheyear
A.2017
B.2018
C.2014
D.2016

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Forayeartohavethesamecalendarwith2007,thetotalodd
daysfrom2007shouldbe0.
Y ear
: 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Odd
: 1
Days
Taketheyear2014giveninthechoice.
Total odd days in the period 2007-2013 = 5 normal years + 2
leapyear
=5x1+2x2=9odddays
= 2 odd day (As we can reduce multiples of 7 from odd days
whichwillnotchange
anything)
Numberofodddaysintheperiod2007-2015=7normalyears
+2leapyear
=7x1+2x2=11odddays
=4odddays
(Even if the odd days were 0, calendar of 2007 will not be
sameasthecalendarof2016because2007isnotaleapyear
whereas 2016 is a leap year. In fact, you can straight away
ignore this choice due to this fact without even bothering to
checktheodddays)
+3leapyear
=7x1+3x2=13odddays
=6odddays
+3leapyear
=8x1+3x2=14odddays
= 0 odd day (As we can reduce multiples of 7 from odd days
whichwillnotchange
anything)
Also,both2007and2018arenotleapyears.
Since total odd days in the period 2007-2017 = 0 and both
2007 and 2018 are of same type, 2018 will have the same
calendarasthatof2007
7.Whichofthefollowingisnotaleapyear?
A.1200
B.800
C.700
D.2000

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Remembertheleapyearrule(Givenintheformulas)
1. Every year divisible by 4 is a leap year, if it is not a
century.
2. Every 4th century is a leap year, but no other century is a
leapyear.
800,1200and2000comesinthecategoryof4thcentury(such
as400,800,1200,1600,2000etc).
Hence800,1200and2000areleapyears
700 is not a 4th century, but it is a century. Hence it is not a

leapyear
8.01-Jan-2007wasMonday.Whatdayoftheweeklieson01-Jan-2008?
A.Wednesday
B.Sunday
C.Friday
D.Tuesday

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
GiventhatJanuary1,2007wasMonday.
Odddaysin2007=1(wehavetakenthecompleteyear2007
becauseweneedtofindout
the odd days from 01-Jan-2007 to 31-Dec-2007, that is the
wholeyear2007)
HenceJanuary1,2008=(Monday+1Oddday)=Tuesday
9.8thDec2007wasSaturday,whatdayoftheweekwasiton8thDec,2006?
A.Sunday
B.Tuesday
C.Friday
D.Tuesday

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Giventhat8thDec2007wasSaturday
Number of days from 8th Dec, 2006 to 7th Dec 2007 = 365
days
365days=1oddday
Hence8thDec2006was=(Saturday-1oddday)=Friday
10.On8thFeb,2005itwasTuesday.Whatwasthedayoftheweekon8thFeb,2004?
A.Sunday
B.Friday
C.Saturday
D.Monday

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Giventhat8thFeb,2005wasTuesday
Numberofdaysfrom8thFeb,2004to7thFeb,2005=366
(SinceFeb2004has29daysasitisaleapyear)
366days=2odddays
Hence8thFeb,2004=(Tuesday-2odddays)=Sunday
11.Thelastdayofacenturycannotbe
A.Monday
B.Wednesday
C.Tuesday
D.Friday

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
HencelastdayofthefirstcenturyisFriday
Numberofodddaysin200years=5x2=10=3(Aswecan
reducemultiplesof7
fromodddayswhichwillnotchangeanything)
Hencelastdayofthe2ndcenturyisWednesday
Numberofodddaysin300years=5x3=15=1(Aswecan
reducemultiplesof7
fromodddayswhichwillnotchangeanything)
Hencelastdayofthe3rdcenturyisMonday
Weknowthatumberofodddaysin400years=0.(?5x4+
1=21=0)
Hencelastdayofthe4thcenturyisSunday
Nowthiscyclewillberepeated.
HencelastdayofacenturywillnotbeTuesdayorThursdayor
Saturday.
its better to learn this by heart which will be helpful to save

timeinobjectivetype
exams
12.January1,2008isTuesday.WhatdayoftheweekliesonJan1,2009?
A.Saturday
B.Wednesday
C.Thursday
D.Saturday

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Numberofodddaysin2008=2(sinceitisaleapyear)
(we have taken the complete year 2008 because we need to
findouttheodddaysfrom
01-Jan-2008to31-Dec-2008,thatisthewholeyear2008)
GiventhatJanuary1,2008isTuesday
HenceJanuary1,2009=(Tuesday+2odddays)=Thursday
13.IfJan1,2006wasaSunday,WhatwasthedayoftheweekJan1,2010?
A.Friday
B.Thursday
C.Tuesday
D.Saturday

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
GiventhatJan12006wasaSunday
=3x1+1x2=5
(note that we have taken the complete year 2006 because the
periodin2006
is from 01-Jan-2006 to 31-Dec-2006, which is the whole year
2006.Thenthe
completeyears2007,2008and2009arealsoinvolved)
HenceJan12010=(Sunday+5odddays)=Friday
14.Whatwasthedayoftheweekon17thJune1998?
A.Monday
B.Sunday
C.Wednesday
D.Friday

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
17 Jun 1998 = (1997 years + period from 1-Jan-1998 to 17Jun-1998)
=Numberofodddaysin300years
=5x3=15=1
(As we can reduce perfect multiples of 7 from odd days
withoutaffectinganything)
=73x1+24x2=73+48=121=(121-7x17)=2odd
days
Numberofdaysfrom1-Jan-1998to17-Jun-1998
= 31 (Jan) + 28 (Feb) + 31 (Mar) + 30 (Apr) + 31(may) +
17(Jun)
=168
168days=0oddday
Totalnumberofodddays=(0+1+2+0)=3
3odddays=Wednesday
Hence17thJune1998isWednesday.
15.6thMarch,2005isMonday,whatwasthedayoftheweekon6thMarch,2004?
A.Friday
B.Saturday
C.Wednesday
D.Sunday
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Numberofdaysfrom6thMarch,2004to5thMarch2005=365
days
(Though Feb 2004 has 29 days as it is a leap year, it will not
comeintherequiredperiod)
365days=1oddday
Giventhat6thMarch,2005isMonday
Hence6thMarch,2004=(Monday-1oddday)=Sunday
16.Whatdayoftheweekwas1January1901
A.Monday
B.Tuesday
C.Saturday
D.Friday

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
1Jan1901=(1900years+1-Jan-1901)
=5x3=15=1
1-Jan-1901=1oddday
Totalnumberofodddays=(0+1+1)=2
2odddays=Tuesday
Hence1January1901isTuesday.
17.Whatdayoftheweekwill22Apr2222be?
A.Monday
B.Tuesday
C.Sunday
D.Thursday

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
22 Apr 2222 = (2221 years + period from 1-Jan-2222 to 22Apr-2222)
=5x2=10=3
=16normalyears+5leapyears
=16x1+5x2=16+10=26=5odddays
Numberofdaysfrom1-Jan-2222to22Apr2222
=31(Jan)+28(Feb)+31(Mar)+22(Apr)=112
112days=0oddday
Totalnumberofodddays=(0+3+5+0)=8=1oddday
1odddays=Monday
Hence22Apr2222isMonday.
18.TodayisThursday.Thedayafter59dayswillbe?
A.Monday
B.Tuesday
C.Saturday
D.Sunday

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
59days=8weeks3days=3odddays
Hence if today is Thursday, After 59 days, it will be =

(Thursday+3odddays)
=Sunday
19.Whatistheyearnextto1990whichwillhavethesamecalendarasthatoftheyear1990?
A.1992
B.2001
C.1995
D.1996

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Forayeartohavethesamecalendarwith1990,totalodddays
from1990shouldbe0.
Taketheyear1992from thegivenchoices.
Totalodddaysintheperiod1990-1991=2normalyears
2x1=2odddays
+1leapyear
4x1+1x2=6odddays
Number of odd days in the period 1990-1995= 5 normal years
+1leapyear
5x1+1x2=7odddays0odddays
(Aswecanreducemultiplesof7fromodddayswhichwillnot
changeanything)
Thoughnumberofodddaysintheperiod1990-1995is0,there
isacatchhere.
1990isnotaleapyearwhereas1996isaleapyear.
Hencecalendarfor1990and1996willneverbethesame.
Number of odd days in the period 1990-2000= 8 normal years
+3leapyears
8x1+3x2=14odddays0odddays
Also,both1990and2001arenormalyears.
Hence1990willhavethesamecalendarasthatof2001
20.January1,2004wasaThursday,whatdayoftheweekliesonJanuary12005.
A.Saturday
B.Monday
C.Saturday
D.Tuesday

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
GiventhatJanuary1,2004wasThursday.
Odddaysin2004=2(because2004isaleapyear)
(Alsonotethatwehavetakenthecompleteyear2004because
weneedtofindout
the odd days from 01-Jan-2004 to 31-Dec-2004, that is the
wholeyear2004)
HenceJanuary1,2005=(Thursday+2Odddays)=Saturday
21.Ifthefirstdayofayear(otherthanleapyear)wasFriday,thenwhichwasthelastdayofthatyear?
A.Saturday
B.Friday
C.Tuesday
D.Monday

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
GiventhatfirstdayofanormalyearwasFriday
Odd days of the mentioned year = 1 (Since it is an ordinary

year)
Hence First day of the next year = (Friday + 1 Odd day) =

Saturday
?Lastdayofthementionedyear=Friday
22.If1stOctoberisSunday,then1stNovemberwillbe
A.Saturday
B.Thursday
C.Wednesday
D.Tuesday

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Giventhat1stOctoberisSunday
NumberofdaysinOctober=31
31days=3odddays
(Aswecanreducemultiplesof7fromodddayswhichwillnot
changeanything)
Hence1stNovember=(Sunday+3odddays)=Wednesday
23.Arunwentforamovieninedaysago.HegoestowatchmoviesonlyonThursdays.Whatdayofthe
weekistoday?
A.Wednesday
B.Saturday
C.Friday
D.Sunday

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Clearlyitcanbeunderstoodfromthequestionthat9daysago
wasaThursday
Number of odd days in 9 days = 2 (As 9-7 = 2, reduced

perfectmultipleof7fromtotaldays)
Hencetoday=(Thursday+2odddays)=Saturday
24.1.12.91isthefirstSunday.WhichisthefourthTuesdayofDecember91?
A.20.12.91
B.22.12.91
C.24.12.91
D.25.12.91

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Giventhat1.12.91isthefirstSunday
Hencewecanassumethat3.12.91isthefirstTuesday
Ifweadd7daysto3.12.91,wewillgetsecondTuesday
Ifweadd14daysto3.12.91,wewillgetthirdTuesday
Ifweadd21daysto3.12.91,wewillgetfourthTuesday
=>fourthTuesday=(3.12.91+21days)=24.12.91
25.IfthedaybeforeyesterdaywasThursday,whenwillSundaybe?
A.Dayaftertomorrow
B.Tomorow
C.Twodaysaftertoday
D.Today

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
DaybeforeyesterdaywasThursday
=>YesterdaywasaFriday
=>TodayisaSaturday
=>TomorrowisaSunday
26.TheseconddayofamonthisFriday,Whatwillbethelastdayofthenextmonthwhichhas31days?
A.Friday
B.Saturday
C.Wednesday
D.Datainadequate

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
We cannot find out the answer because the number of days of
thecurrentmonthisnotgiven.
27.Howmanydayswilltherebefrom26thJanuary,1996to15thMay,1996(bothdaysincluded)?
A.102
B.103
C.111
D.120

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Number of days from 26-Jan-1996 to 15-May-1996 (both days
included)
=6(Jan)+29(Feb)+31(Mar)+30(Apr)+15(May)=111
28.If25thofAugustinayearisThursday,thenumberofMondaysinthatmonthis
A.4
B.5
C.2
D.3

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Giventhat25thAugust=Thursday
Hence29thAugust=Monday
So22nd,15thand8thand1stofAugustwillbeMondays
NumberofMondaysinAugust=5
29.IftheseventhdayofamonthisthreedaysearlierthanFriday,Whatdaywillitbeonthenineteenth
dayofthemonth?
A.Saturday
B.Monday
C.Sunday
D.Wednesday

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Given that seventh day of a month is three days earlier than
Friday
=>SeventhdayisTuesday
=>14thisTuesday
=>19thisSunday
30. Every second Saturday and all Sundays are holidays. How many working days will be there in a
monthof30daysbeginningonaSaturday?
A.24
B.23
C.18
D.21

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
MentionedmonthhasbeginsonaSaturdayandhas30days
Sundays=2nd,9th,16th,23rd,30th
=>TotalSundays=5
SecondSaturdays=8thand22nd
TotalSecondSaturdays=2
Total Holidays = Total Sundays + Total Second Saturdays = 5

+2=7
Totaldaysinthemonth=30
Totalworkingdays=30-7=23
I mportantFormulas-Calendar
1.
OddDays
Numberofdaysmorethanthecompleteweeksarecalledodddaysinagivenperiod
2.
LeapY ear
Aleapyearhas366days.
Inaleapyear,themonthofFebruaryhas29days
a.
Everyyeardivisibleby4isaleapyear,ifitisnotacentury.
Examples:
1952,2008,1680etc.areleapyears.
1991,2003etc.arenotleapyears
b.
Every4thcenturyisaleapyearandnoothercenturyisaleapyear.
Examples:
400,800,1200etc.areleapyears.
100,200,1900etc.arenotleapyears
3.
OrdinaryY ear
Theyearwhichisnotaleapyearisanordinaryyear.
Anordinaryyearhas365days
4.
CountingodddaysandCalculatingthedayofanyparticulardate
I.
1ordinaryyear365days(52weeks+1day)
Hencenumberofodddaysin1ordinaryyear=1.
II.
1leapyear366days(52weeks+2days)
Hencenumberofodddaysin1leapyear=2.
III.
100years(76ordinaryyears+24leapyears)
(76x1+24x2)odddays
124odddays.
(17weeks+5days)
5odddays.
Hencenumberofodddaysin100years=5.
IV.
Numberofodddaysin200years=(5x2)=103odddays
V.
Numberofodddaysin300years=(5x3)=151odddays
VI.
Numberofodddaysin400years=(5x4+1)=210odddays
Similarly,thenumberofodddaysinall4thcenturies(400,800,1200etc.)=0
VII.
Mappingofthenumberofodddaytothedayoftheweek
Number
ofOdd : 0
Days
Dayof
the
w eek
: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
5.
LastdayofacenturycannotbeTuesdayorThursdayorSaturday.
6.
Forthecalendarsoftwodifferentyearstobethesame,thefollowingconditionsmustbesatisfied.
i.
ii.
Both years must be of the same type. i.e., both years must be ordinary years or both
yearsmustbeleapyears.
1stJanuaryofboththeyearsmustbethesamedayoftheweek.
1.Ifthecostofxmetresofwireisdrupees,thenwhatisthecostofymetresofwireatthesamerate?
xd
)
y
yd
)
C. Rs. (
x
A. Rs. (
B. Rs.xd
D. Rs.yd

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
costofxmetresofwire=Rs.d
d
costof1metreofwire=Rs. ( )
x
costofymetreofwire=Rs. (y
d
yd
) = Rs. ( )
x
x
2.Inadairyfarm,40cowseat40bagsofhuskin40days.Inhowmanydaysonecowwilleatonebag
ofhusk?
A.1
B.40
C.20
D.26

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Assumethatinxdays,onecowwilleatonebagofhusk.
Morecows,lessdays(Indirectproportion)
Morebags,moredays(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
Cows
Bags
40 : 1 .
1 : 40
:: x : 40
40 1 40 = 1 40 x
x = 40
3.If7spidersmake7websin7days,thenhowmanydaysareneededfor1spidertomake1web?
A.1
B.7
C.3
D.14

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Let,1spidermake1webinxdays.
Morespiders,Lessdays(Indirectproportion)
Morewebs,moredays(Directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
Spiders
7:1
:: x : 7
Webs
1:7
717=17x
x=7
4.4mat-weaverscanweave4matsin4days.Atthesamerate,howmanymatswouldbewovenby8
mat-weaversin8days?
A.4
B.16
C.8
D.1

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Lettherequirednumberofmatsbex
Moremat-weavers,moremats(directproportion)
Moredays,moremats(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
Mat-weavers
4:8
:: 4 : x
Days
4:8
44x=884
x = 2 2 4 = 16
5.Ifaquarterkgofpotatocosts60paise,howmanypaisedoes200gmcost?
A.65paise
B.70paise
C.52paise
D.48paise

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution1(ChainRule)
-------------------------------------------------------------------Let200gmpotatocostsxpaise
CostofKgpotato=60Paise
=>Costof250gmpotato=60Paise(1Kg=1000gm=>
Kg= 1000/4gm=250gm)
Morequantity,MorePaise(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
Quantity
200 : 250 } :: x : 60
200 60 = 250 x
4 60 = 5 x
4 12 = x
x = 48
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
-------------------------------------------------------------------CostofKgpotato=60Paise
=>Costof250gmpotato=60Paise(1Kg=1000gm=>Kg= 1000/4gm=250gm)
=>Costof200gmpotato=
60 200
60 4
=
= 48paise
250
5
6. In a camp, there is a meal for 120 men or 200 children. If 150 children have taken the meal, how
manymenwillbecateredtowithremainingmeal?
A.50
B.30
C.40
D.10

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Mealfor200children=Mealfor120men
120
men
200
120 150
Mealfor150children=Mealfor
men = Mealfor90men
200
Mealfor1child=Mealfor
Totalmeanavailable=Mealfor120men
Renamingmeal=Mealfor120men-Mealfor90men=Mealfor30men
7. 36 men can complete a piece of work in 18 days. In how many days will 27 men complete the same
work?
A.26
B.22
C.12
D.24

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
-------------------------------------------------------------------Lettherequirednumberofdaysbex
Moremen,lessdays(indirectproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
Men
36 : 27 } :: x : 18
36 18 = 27 x
12 18 = 9 x
12 2 = x
x = 24
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2(UsingTimeandWork)
-------------------------------------------------------------------Amountofwork36mencandoin1day=1/18
Amountofwork1mancandoin1day=
1
18 36
Amountofwork27mencandoin1day=
27
3
1
=
=
18 36
18 4
24
27mencancompletetheworkin24days
--------------------------------------------------------------------
IfM 1 mencandoW 1 workinD 1 daysworkingH 1 hoursperdayand

M 2 mencandoW 2 workinD 2 daysworkingH 2 hoursperday
(whereallmenworkatthesamerate),then
M1D 1H 1
M2D 2H 2
=
W1
W2
Inthiscase,
M1=36,M2=27
D1=18,D2=x
W1=W2
H1=H2(Wecanassumelikethisasthesevalesarenotexplicitlygiven)
Hence,M 1 D 1 = M 2 D 2
36 18 = 27x
x=
36 18
4 18
=
= 4 6 = 24
27
3
8.Awheelthathas6cogsismeshedwithalargerwheelof14cogs.Ifthesmallerwheelhasmade21
revolutions,whatwillbethenumberofrevolutionsmadebythelargerwheel?
A.15
B.12
C.21
D.9

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Letthenumberofrevolutionsmadebythelargerwheelbex
Morecogs,lessrevolutions(Indirectproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
Cogs
6 : 14 } :: x : 21
6 21 = 14 x
63=2x
33=x
x=9
9.3pumps,working8hoursaday,canemptyatankin2days.Howmanyhoursadayshould4pumps
workinordertoemptythetankin1day?
A.10
B.12
C.8
D.15

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Lettherequiredhoursneededbex
Morepumps,lesshours(Indirectproportion)
MoreDays,lesshours(Indirectproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
Pumps
3:4
:: x : 8
Days
2:1
328=41x
322=x
x = 12
10.39personscanrepairaroadin12days,working5hoursaday.Inhowmanydayswill30persons,
working6hoursaday,completethework?
A.9
B.12
C.10
D.13

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
-------------------------------------------------------------------Lettherequirednumberofdaysbex
Morepersons,lessdays(indirectproportion)
Morehours,lessdays(indirectproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
Persons
Hours
39 : 30
} :: x : 12
5:6
39 5 12 = 30 6 x
39 5 2 = 30 x
39 = 3 x
x = 13
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Solution2(UsingTimeandWork)
-------------------------------------------------------------------Amountofwork39personscandoin1day,working5hoursaday=1/12
Amountofwork1personcandoin1day,working5hoursaday=
1
12 39
1
12 39 5
30
12 39 5
30 6
12 39 5
30
3
1
=
=
2 39 5
39
13
30personscancompletethework,working6hoursadayin13days
--------------------------------------------------------------------

M1D 1H 1
M2D 2H 2
=
W1
W2
Inthiscase,
M1=39,M2=30
D1=12,D2=x
W1=W2
H1=5,H2=6
Hence,M 1 D 1 H 1 = M 2 D 2 H 2
39 12 5 = 30 x 6
39 2 5 = 30 x
39 = 3 x
x=
39
= 13
3
11. A certain industrial loom weaves 0.128 meters of cloth every second. Approximately how many
secondswillittakefortheloomtoweave25metersofcloth?
A.205
B.200
C.180
D.195

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Lettherequirednumberofsecondsbex
Morecloth,Moretime,(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
Cloth
0.128 : 25 } :: 1 : x
0.128x = 25
25
25000
3125
x=
=
=
195
.128
128
16
12.Acontractistobecompletedin56daysif104personswork,eachworkingat8hoursaday.After30
days, 2/5 of the work is completed. How many additional persons should be deployed so that the work
willbecompletedinthescheduledtime,eachpersonsnowworking9hoursaday.
A.160
B.150
C.24
D.56

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
-------------------------------------------------------------------Personsworked=104
Numberofhourseachpersonworkedperday=8
Numberofdaystheyworked=30
Workcompleted= 2/5
Remainingdays=56-30=26
RemainingWorktobecompleted=1- 2/5= 3/5
Let the total number of persons who do the remaining work =
x
Numberofhourseachpersonneedstobeworkperday=9
Moredays,lesspersons(indirectproportion)
Morehours,lesspersons(indirectproportion)
Morework,morepersons(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
Days
30 : 26
Hours
8:9
Work
3 2
:
5 5
:: x : 104
3
2
104 = 26 9 x
5
5
3
30 8 104
30 8 3 104
5
x=
=
2
26 9 2
26 9
5
30 8
30 8 104
26 3 2
30 8 4
= 5 8 4 = 160
32
Numberofadditionalpersonsrequired=160-104=56
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Personsworked=104
Numberofhourseachpersonworkedperday=8
Numberofdaystheyworked=30
Workcompleted= 2/5
Remainingdays=56-30=26
Letthetotalnumberofpersonswhodotheremainingwork=x
Numberofhourseachpersonneedstobeworkperday=9
2
( )
5
Amountofwork1persondidin1day,working1hoursaday=
104 30 8
3
( )
5
Now,theamountofworkxpersonshoulddoin1day,working1hoursaday=
26 9
3
( )
5
26 9
x=
2
( )
5
104 30 8
3
104
5
2
26 9
5
30 8
30 8 3 104
26 9 2
30 8 4
= 5 8 4 = 160
32
--------------------------------------------------------------------
30 8 104
26 3 2

M1D 1H 1
M2D 2H 2
=
W1
W2
Personsworked(M1)=104
Numberofhourseachpersonworkedperday(H1)=8
Numberofdaystheyworked(D1)=30
Workcompleted(W1)=2/5
Remainingdays(D2)=56-30=26
RemainingWorktobecompleted(W2)=1-2/5=3/5
Letthetotalnumberofpersonswhodotheremainingwork(M2)=x
Numberofhourseachpersonneedstobeworkperday(H2)=9
M1D 1H 1
M2D 2H 2
=
W1
W2
104 30 8
x 26 9
=
2
3
( )
( )
5
5
104 30 8
x 26 9
=
2
3
52 30 8 = x 26 3
2 30 8 = 3x
x = 2 10 8 = 160
13.xmenworkingxhoursperdaycandoxunitsofaworkinxdays.Howmuchworkcanbecompleted
byymenworkingyhoursperdayinydays?
x2
y2
x3
C.
y2
A.
y3
B.
x2
y2
D.
x2
units
units
units
units

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
-------------------------------------------------------------------Let amount of work completed by y men working y hours per
inydays=wunits
Moremen,morework(directproportion)
Morehours,morework(directproportion)
Moredays,morework(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
Men
x:y
Hours
x:y
Days
x:y
:: x : w
x 3w = y 3x
y 3x
y3
w= 3 = 2
x
x
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Amountofworkcompletedby1manin1day,working1hoursaday=
x
1
= 2
3
x
x
1
y3
Amountofworkymeninydays,workingyhoursaday=y 2 = 2
x
x
3
--------------------------------------------------------------------

M1D 1H 1
M2D 2H 2
=
W1
W2
M1=x
H1=x
D1=x
W1=x
M2=y
D2=y
H2=y
LetW2=w
M1D 1H 1
M2D 2H 2
=
W1
W2
x3
y3
=
x
w
y3
x =
w
2
w=
y3
x2
14.21goatseatasmuchas15cows.Howmanygoatseachasmuchas35cows?
A.49
B.32
C.36
D.41

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
15cows21goats
21
1cow
goats
15
21 35
21 7
35cows
goats
goats 7 7goats49goats
15
3
15.Aflagstaff17.5mhighcastsashadowoflength40.25m.Whatwillbetheheightofabuilding,which
castsashadowoflength28.75mundersimilarconditions?
A.12.5m
B.10.5m
C.14
D.12

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
-------------------------------------------------------------------Lettherequiredheightofthebuildingbexmeter
Moreshadowlength,Moreheight(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
shadowlength
40.25 : 28.75 } :: 17.5 : x
40.25 x = 28.75 17.5

x=
28.75 17.5
2875 175
2875 7
2875
575
=
=
=
=
= 12.5
40.25
40250
1610
230
46
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------
shadowoflength40.25m17.5mhigh
17.5
shadowoflength1m
mhigh
40.25
28.75 17.5
shadowoflength28.75m
mhigh=12.5mhigh
40.25
16. Running at the same constant rate, 6 identical machines can produce a total of 270 bottles per
minute.Atthisrate,howmanybottlescould10suchmachinesproducein4minutes?
A.1800
B.900
C.2500
D.2700

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Letrequirednumberofbottlesbex
Moremachines,morebottles(directproportion)
Moreminutes,morebottles(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
machines
6 : 10
:: 270 : x
minutes
1:4
6 1 x = 10 4 270
x=
10 4 270
10 4 90
=
= 10 4 45 = 1800
6
2
17. A person works on a project and completes 5/8 of the job in 10 days. At this rate, how many more
dayswillheittaketofinishthejob?
A.7
B.6
C.5
D.4

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
------------------------------------------------------------------Solution1(ChainRule)
-------------------------------------------------------------------Numberofdaysheworked=10
Workcompleted= 5/8
Lettherequirednumberofdays=x
Morework,moredays(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
Work
5 3
: } :: 10 : x
8 8
5
3
x = 10
8
8
5 x = 3 10
x=32=6
-------------------------------------------------------------------Numberofdaysheworked=10
Workcompleted= 5/8
Lettherequirednumberofdays=x
5
( )
8
Amountofwork1persondidin1day=
10
Now,theamountofwork1personshoulddoinxdays=
x=
3
( )
8
5
( )
8
10
3
5
( )
10
3
8
3 10
=6
5
--------------------------------------------------------------------

M1D 1H 1
M2D 2H 2
=
W1
W2
Here,
M1=M2
H1=H2
D1=10
W1=5/8
LetD2=x
W2=1-5/8=3/8
Hence,theequationcanbewrittenas
D1
D2
=
W1
W2
10
5
( )
8
x
3
( )
8
10
x
=
5
3
2=
x
3
x=23=6
18.Aforthadprovisionoffoodfor150menfor45days.After10days,25menleftthefort.Findoutthe
numberofdaysforwhichtheremainingfoodwilllast.
A.44
B.42
C.40
D.38

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Giventhatforthadprovisionoffoodfor150menfor45days
Hence, after 10 days, the remaining food is sufficient for 150
menfor35days
Remainingmenafter10days=150-25=125
Assume that after 10 days,the remaining food is sufficient for
125menforxdays
Moremen,Lessdays(IndirectProportion)
Men
150 : 125 } :: x : 35
150 35 = 125x
6 35 = 5x
x = 6 7 = 42
Theremainingfoodissufficientfor125menfor42days
19. If the price of 357 apples is Rs.1517.25, what will be the approximate price of 49 dozens of such
apples?
A.Rs.2500
B.Rs.2300
C.Rs.2200
D.Rs.1400

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
-------------------------------------------------------------------Lettherequiredpricebex
Moreapples,Moreprice(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
apples
357 : (49 12) } :: 1517.25 : x
357x = (49 12) 1517.25

x=
=
49 12 1517.25
7 12 1517.25
=
357
51
7 4 1517.25
= 7 4 89.25 2500
17
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------
priceof357apples=Rs.1517.25
priceof1apple=Rs.
1517.25
357
priceof49dozensapples=Rs. (
49 12 1517.25
) Rs.2500
357
20.Onascaleofamap0.6cmrepresents6.6km.Ifthedistancebetweentwopointsonthemapis80.5
cm,whatisthetheactualdistancebetweenthesepoints?
A.885.5km
B.860km
C.892.5km
D.825km

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
-------------------------------------------------------------------Lettherequiredactualdistancebexkm
Morescaledistance,Moreactualdistance(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
scaledistance
.6 : 80.5 } :: 6.6 : x
.6x = 80.5 6.6

.1x = 80.5 1.1
x = 80.5 11 = 885.5
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------
.6cminmapactualdistanceof6.6km
1cminmap
6.6
km
.6
80.5cminmap
80.5 6.6
km=885.5km
.6
21.Aropecanmake70roundsofthecircumferenceofacylinderwhoseradiusofthebaseis14cm.how
manytimescanitgoroundacylinderhavingradius20cm?
A.49rounds
B.42rounds
C.54rounds
D.52rounds

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Lettherequirednumberofroundsbex
Moreradius,lessrounds(Indirectproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
radius
14 : 20 } :: x : 70
14 70 = 20x
14 7 = 2x
x = 7 7 = 49
22. 8 persons can build a wall 140m long in 42 days. In how many days can 30 persons complete a
similarwall100mlong?
A.12
B.10
C.8
D.6

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
-------------------------------------------------------------------Morepersons,lessdays(indirectproportion)
Morelengthofthewall,moredays(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
persons
8 : 30
:: x : 42
Lengthofthewall
100 : 140
8 100 42 = 30 140 x
x=
8 100 42
8 100 14
8 100
=
=
=8
30 140
10 140
10 10
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Workdoneby8personsworking42days=140
Workdoneby1personworking42days=
Workdoneby1personworking1day=
140
8
140
8 42
Workdoneby30personsworking1day=
30 140
100
=
8 42
8
Assumethat30personsworkingxdayscompleteasimilarwall100m
Workdoneby30personsworkingxdays=100
Hencex =
100
100
(
)
8
=8
--------------------------------------------------------------------

M1D 1H 1
M2D 2H 2
=
W1
W2
M1=8
D1=42
W1=140
M2=30
LetD2=x
W2=100
HereH1=H2
M1D 1
M2D 2
=
W1
W2
8 42
30 x
=
140
100
8 42
30 x
=
14
10
83=3x
x=8
23.Acertainnumberofpersonscanfinishapieceofworkin100days.Iftherewere10personsless,it
wouldtake10moredaysfinishthework.Howmanypersonswerethereoriginally?
A.90
B.100
C.110
D.120

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
-------------------------------------------------------------------Assumethatxpersonscanfinishapieceofworkin100days
Also it is given that (x-10) persons can finish a piece of work
in110days(100+10=110)
Morepersons,lessdays(indirectproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
persons
x : (x 10) } :: 110 : 100
100x = 110(x 10)

100x = 110x 1100
10x = 1100
x=
1100
= 110
10
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Assumethatxpersonscanfinishtheworkin100days
1
Workdoneby1personin1day=
.......(Equation1)
100x
Alsoitisgiventhat(x-10)personscanfinishtheworkin110days(100+10=110)
1
Workdoneby1personin1day=
.......(Equation2)
110(x 10)
But(Equation1)=(Equation2)
1
1
=
100x
110(x 10)
110(x 10) = 100x

110x 1100 = 100x
10x = 1100
x=
1100
= 110
10
--------------------------------------------------------------------

M1D 1H 1
M2D 2H 2
=
W1
W2
Assumethatxpersonscanfinishapieceofworkin100days
Alsoitisgiventhat(x-10)personscanfinishapieceofworkin110days(100+10=110)
M1=x
D1=100
M2=(x-10)
D2=110
HereH1=H2andW1=W2
HenceM 1 D 1 = M 2 D 2
100x = 110(x 10)
100x = 110x 1100
10x = 1100
x=
1100
= 110
10
24. 9 examiners can examine a certain number of answer books in 12 days by working 5 hours a day.
Howmanyhoursinadayshould4examinersworktoexaminetwicethenumberofanswerbooksin30
days?
A.9
B.10
C.11
D.12

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
-------------------------------------------------------------------Letrequirednumberofhoursbex
Moreexaminers,lesshours(indirectproportion)
Moredays,lesshours(indirectproportion)
Moreanswerbooks,morehours(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
examiners
9:4
days
12 : 30
answerbooks
2:1
:: x : 5
9 12 2 5 = 4 30 1 x
x=
9 12 2 5
4 30 1
9325
30
925
=9
10
--------------------------------------------------------------------
GiventhatWorkdoneby9examinersin12dayinworking5hoursaday = 1
Workdoneby1examinerin1dayin1hour =
1
......(Equation1)
9 12 5
Workneedstobedoneby4examinersin30daysworkingxhoursaday = 2
(twiceworktobecompleted)
Workneedstobedoneby1examinerin1dayworkingxhoursaday =
2
...(Equation2)
4 30
From(Equation1)and(Equation2),
(
x=
(
2
)
4 30
1
)
9 12 5
2 9 12 5
4 30
9 12 5
965
=
=9
2 30
30
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Solution3(UsingTimeandWork)
--------------------------------------------------------------------

M1D 1H 1
M2D 2H 2
=
W1
W2
M1=9
D1=12
H1=5
W1=1
M2=4
D2=30
H2=x
W2=2
M1D 1H 1
M2D 2H 2
=
W1
W2
9 12 5
4 30 x
=
1
2
9 12 5 = 2 30 x
3 12 5 = 2 10 x
3 6 5 = 10 x
335=5x
x=33=9
25. 9 engines consume 24 metric tonnes of coal, when each is working 8 hours day. How much coal is
requiredfor8engines,eachrunning13hoursaday,if3enginesofformertypeconsumeasmuchas4
enginesoflattertype?
A.20metrictonnes
B.22metrictonnes
C.24metrictonnes
D.26metrictonnes

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
-------------------------------------------------------------------Letrequiredamountofcoalbexmetrictonnes
Moreengines,moreamountofcoal(directproportion)
If 3 engines of first type consume 1 unit, then 1 engine will
consume1/3unitwhichisitstherateofconsumption.
If4enginesofsecondtypeconsume1unit,then1enginewill
consume1/4unitwhichisitstherateofconsumption
More rate of consumption, more amount of coal (direct
proportion)
Morehours,moreamountofcoal(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
engines
9:8
rateofconsumption
1 1
:
3 4
hours
8 : 13
:: 24 : x
1
1
8 x = 8 13 24
3
4
3 8 x = 8 6 13
3 x = 6 13
x = 2 13 = 26
26.Agarrisonhadprovisionsforacertainnumberofdays.After10days,1/5ofthemendesertanditis
foundthattheprovisionswillnowlastjustaslongasbefore.Howlongwasthat?
A.50days
B.30days
C.40days
D.60days

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
------------------------------------------------------------Solution1
-------------------------------------------------------------
Assumethatinitiallygarrisonhadprovisionsforxmenforydays
So,after10days,garrisonhadprovisionsforxmenfor(y-10)days
Also,garrisonhadprovisionsfor
4x
x
4x
)
menforydays ( x
=
5
5
5
Men
x:
x(y 10) =
(y 10) =
4x
} :: y : (y 10)
5
4xy
5
4y
5
5(y 10) = 4y
5y 50 = 4y
y = 50
------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
------------------------------------------------------------Assumethatamountoffoodeatenby1manin1day=x,
totalmen=y
andthegarrisonhadprovisionsforzdays
Thentotalquantityoffood=xyz
amountoffoodeatenbyymenin10days=10xy
Remainingfood=xyz-10xy=xy(z-10)-------(Equation1)
After10days,totalmen=4y/5(y- y/5= 4y/5)

foodtakenby 4y/5menin1day= 4xy/5-------(Equation2)
FromEquations1and2,
Timetakenfor 4y/5mentocompletexy(z-10)food
xy(z 10)
(
4xy
)
5
5(z 10)
4
Giventhatnumberofdaysremainthesame
5(z 10)
=z
4
5z 50 = 4z
z = 50
27. A garrison of 500 persons had provisions for 27 days. After 3 days a reinforcement of 300 persons
arrived.Forhowmanymoredayswilltheremainingfoodlastnow?
A.12days
B.16days
C.14days
D.15days

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
------------------------------------------------------------Solution1
------------------------------------------------------------Giventhatforthadprovisionfor500personsfor27days
Hence, after 3 days, the remaining food is sufficient for 500
personsfor24days
Remainingpersonsafter3days=500+300=800
Assume that after 10 days,the remaining food is sufficient for

800personsforxdays
Men
500 : 800 } :: x : 24
500 24 = 800x
5 24 = 8x
x = 5 3 = 15
------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
------------------------------------------------------------Assumethatamountoffoodtakenby1manin1day=x
Giventhatthegarrisonhadprovisionsfor500personsfor27days
Totalquantityoffood=500 27 x = 13500x
Amountoffoodeatenby500personsin3days=500 3 x = 1500x
Remainingfood=13500x 1500x = 12000x........(Equation1)
After10days,totalpersons=500+300=800
Foodeatenby800persons1day=800x...................(Equation2)
FromEquations1and2,
Timetakenfor800personstocomplete12000xfood
12000x
120
=
= 15
800x
8
28.Ahostelhadprovisionsfor250menfor40days.If50menleftthehostel,howlongwillthefoodlast
atthesamerate?
A.48days
B.50days
C.45days
D.60days

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
------------------------------------------------------------Solution1
------------------------------------------------------------Ahostelhadprovisionsfor250menfor40days
If50menleavesthehostel,remainingmen=250-50=200
We need to find out how long the food will last for these 200
men.
Lettherequirednumerofdays=xdays
Men
250 : 200 } :: x : 40
250 40 = 200x
5 40 = 4x
x = 5 10 = 50
------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
------------------------------------------------------------Assumethatamountoffoodtakenby1manin1day=x
Giventhatthehostelhadprovisionsfor250menfor40days
Totalquantityoffood=250 40 x = 10000x...(Equation1)
If50menleavesthehostel,remainingmen=250-50=200
Foodeatenby200men1day=200x...................(Equation2)
FromEquations1and2,
Timetakenfor200mentocomplete10000xfood
10000x
100
=
= 50
200x
2
29. in a camp, food was was sufficient for 2000 people for 54 days. After 15 days, more people came
andthefoodlastonlyfor20moredays.Howmanypeoplecame?
A.1900
B.1800
C.1940
D.2000

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
------------------------------------------------------------Solution1
------------------------------------------------------------Giventhatfoodwassufficientfor2000peoplefor54days
Hence, after 15 days, the remaining food was sufficient for
2000peoplefor39days(54-15=39)
Letxnumberofpeoplecameafter15days.
Then,totalnumberofpeopleafter15days=(2000+x)
Then, the remaining food was sufficient for (2000 + x) people
for20days
Men
2000 : (2000 + x) } :: 20 : 39
2000 39 = (2000 + x)20

100 39 = (2000 + x)
3900 = 2000 + x
x = 3900 2000 = 1900
------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
------------------------------------------------------------Assumethatamountoffoodeatenby1personin1day=k
Giventhatfoodwassufficientfor2000peoplefor54days
Hence,Totalquantityoffood=200054k=108000k
Amountoffoodeatenby2000personsin15days=200015k=30000k
Remainingfood=108000k-30000k=78000k............................(Equation1)
Letxnumberofpeoplecameafter15days.
Then,totalnumberofpeopleafter15days=(2000+x)
Foodeatenby(2000+x)persons1day=(2000+x)k...................(Equation2)
FromEquations1and2,
Timetakenfor(2000+x)personstocomplete78000kfood
78000k
78000
=
(2000 + x)k
(2000 + x)
Giventhatfoodlastedonlyfor20moredays
78000
= 20
(2000 + x)
78000 = 20(2000 + x)
3900 = 2000 + x
x = 3900 2000 = 1900
30.If40mencanmake30boxesin20days,Howmanymoremenareneededtomake60boxesin25
days?
A.28
B.24
C.22
D.26

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
-------------------------------------------------------------------Giventhat40mencanmake30boxesin20days
Letxmoremenareneededtomake60boxesin25days
Then(40+x)mencanmake60boxesin25days
Moreboxes,moremen(directproportion)
Moredays,lessmen(indirectproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
boxes
30 : 60
:: 40 : (40 + x)
days
25 : 20
30 25 (40 + x) = 60 20 40
25 (40 + x) = 2 20 40
5 (40 + x) = 2 4 40
(40 + x) = 2 4 8 = 64
x = 64 40 = 24
-------------------------------------------------------------------Letxmoremenareneededtomake60boxesin25days
Then(40+x)mencanmake60boxesin25days
Workdoneby40menin20days=30
Workdoneby1manin1day=
30
40 20
Workdoneby(40+x)menin25days=
30(40 + x) 25
...(Equation1)
40 20
If(40+x)mencanmake60boxesin25days,
Workdoneby(40+x)menin25days=60.....................(Equation2)
Hence,fromequation1andequation2,
30(40 + x) 25
40 20
= 60
30(40 + x) 25 = 60 40 20
(40 + x) 25 = 2 40 20
(40 + x) 5 = 2 8 20
(40 + x) = 2 8 4 = 64
x = 64 40 = 24
--------------------------------------------------------------------

M1D 1H 1
M2D 2H 2
=
W1
W2
M1=40
D1=20
W1=30
LetM2=x
LetD2=25
W2=60
HereH1=H2
Hence,
M1D 1
M2D 2
=
W1
W2
40 20
x 25
=
30
60
2(40 20) = x 25
2(8 20) = x 5
x = 2(8 4) = 64
Hence,additionalmenrequired=64-40=24
I mportantFormulas-ChainRule
1.
DirectP roportion
Two quantities are said to be directly proportional, if on the increase or decrease of the one, the
otherincreasesordecreasesthesameextent.
Examples
i. Costofthegoodsisdirectlyproportionaltothenumberofgoods.(Moregoods,Morecost)
ii. Amountofworkdoneisdirectlyproportionaltothenumberofpersonswhodidthework.
(Morepersons,MoreWork)
2.
I ndirectP roportion(inverseproportion)
Two quantities are said to be indirectly proportional (inversely proportional) if on the increase of
theone,theotherdecreasestothesameextentandvice-versa.
Examples
i. Numberofdaysneededtocompleteaworkisindirectlyproportional(inverselyproportional)
withthenumberofpersonswhodoesthework(MorePersons,LessDaysneeded)
ii. Thetimetakentotraveladistanceisindirectlyproportional(inverselyproportional)withthe
speedinwhichoneistravelling(MoreSpeed,LessTime)
1.Anaccurateclockshows8o'clockinthemorning.Throughhowmaydegreeswillthehourhandrotate
whentheclockshows2o'clockintheafternoon?
A.154
B.180
C.170
D.160

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
WeknowthatAngletracedbyhourhandin12hrs=360
From8to2,thereare6hours
Theangletracedbythehourhandin6hours=6
360
= 180
12
2.Aclockisstartedatnoon.By10minutespast5,thehourhandhasturnedthrough
A.155
B.145
C.152
D.140

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
WeknowthatAngletracedbyhourhandin12hrs=360
Timedurationfromnoonto10minutespast5=5hours10minutes
10
31
=5
hour =
hours
60
6
Hencetheangletracedbyhourhandfromnoonto10minutespast5=
31 360
31
=
30 = 31 5 = 155
6
12
6
3. At what time between 7 and 8 o'clock will the hands of a clock be in the same straight line but, not
together?
A.5minutespast7
C. 5
1
minutespast7
11

Answer:OptionD
3
miinutespast7
11
5
D. 5
minutespast7
11
B. 5
Explanation:
Thetwohandsofaclockwillbeinthesamestraightlinebutnottogether
betweenHand(H+1)o'clockat
. (5H 30) 12 minutespastH,whenH>6
11
. (5H + 30) 12 minutespastH,whenH<6
11
HereH=7.Handsoftheclockwillpointinoppositedirectionsat
12
(5 7 30)
minutespast7
11
=
5 12
60
5
minutespast7 =
minutespast7 = 5
minutespast7
11
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeverweshouldunderstand
thebasicsforsure.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
Ifthehandsoftheclockareinthesamestraightline,butnottogether,
theywillbe30minutesapart.
At7'oclock,thehandsoftheclockare25minutesapart.Hencetheminutehandshould
gain5minutessothatthehandswillbe30minutesapart
Weknowthat,in60minutes,theminutehandgains55minutesonthehouronthehourhand.
60
Hencetogain5minutesfortheminutehand,timeneeded=
5
55
60
5
=
minutes = 5
minutes
11
11
Thatmeanswhenthetimeis5
5
minutespast7,thehandsofaclockwillbein
11
thesamestraightlinebut,nottogether
4.Atwhattimebetween5.30and6willthehandsofaclockbeatrightangles?
A.44minutespast5
C. 43
7
minutespast5
11
B. 44
7
minutespast5
11
D.43minutespast5

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
ThetwohandsoftheclockwillbeatrightanglesbetweenHand(H+1)o'clockat
12
(5H 15)
minutespastH'oclock
11
Let'sseethetimesatwhichrightanglesareformedbetween5and6
Let'stakeH=5.Hencethetwohandswillbeatrightanglesbetween5and6at
(5 5 15)
12
minutespast5'oclock
11
= (25 15)
12
minutespast5'oclock
11
= 10
=
120
480
minutespast5'oclockand
minutespast5'oclock
11
11
= 10
10
12
12
minutespast5'oclockand40
minutespast5'oclock
11
11
10
7
minutespast5'oclock
11
11
10
7
minutespast5comesbefore5.30.43
minutespast5comesbetween5.30
11
11
and6.Thequestionistofindoutthetimebetween5.30and6whenthehandsofa
clockwillbeatrightangles.Hencethetimeis43
7
minutespast5
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
thetraditionalway.
At5,thehandsare25minutesspacesapart
Togetarightanglewhenthetimeisbetween5.30and6,
theminutehandhastogain(25+15)=40minutes
Hencetogain40minutesfortheminutehand,timeneeded=
=
12
480
7
40 =
= 43
minutes
11
11
11
atrightangles
60
40
55
7
minutespast5,thehandsofaclockwillbe
11
5.Atwhatanglethehandsofaclockareinclinedat15minutespast5?
A. 67
C.70
2
3
D. 63
4
B. 62

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
AnglebetweenHandsofaclock
Whentheminutehandisbehindthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
)+
= 30 (H
degree
5
2
Whentheminutehandisaheadofthehourhand,theangle
M
M
= 30 (
H)
degree
5
2
HereH=5,M=15andtheminutehandisbehindthehourhand.Hencetheangle
M
M
15
15
)+
)+
= 30 (5
= 30 (5 3) + 7.5
5
2
5
2
= 30 2 + 7.5 = 67.5
= 30 (H
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
thetraditionalway.
15minutespast5=5hour15minutes=5
15
1
21
hour = 5 hour=
hour
60
4
4
Angletracedbyhourhandin12hours=360
HenceAngletracedbyhourhandin
= 30
21
= 30 5.25 = 157.5
4
21
360 21
hour =
4
12
4
Angletracedbyminutehandin60minutes=360
Angletracedbyminutehandin15minutes=
360
15 = 90
60
Requiredangle=157.5-90=67.5
6.At3.40,thehourhandandtheminutehandofaclockformanangleof
A.135
B.130
C.120
D.125

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
M
M
)+
= 30 (H
degree
5
2
M
M
= 30 (
H)
degree
5
2
HereH=3,M=40andminutehandisaheadofthehourhand.Hencetheangle
M
M
40
40
H)
= 30 (
3)
= 30 (8 3) 20
5
2
5
2
= 30 5 20 = 130
= 30 (
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
thetraditionalway.
3.40=3hour40minutes=3
40
2
11
hour = 3 hour=
hour
60
3
3
= 30
11
= 10 11 = 110
3
11
360 11
hour =
3
12
3
360
40 = 240
60
Requiredangle=240-110=130
7.Theanglebetweentheminutehandandthehourhandofaclockwhenthetimeis8.30,is
A.75
B.85
C.80
D.70

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
M
M
)+
= 30 (H
degree
5
2
M
M
= 30 (
H)
degree
5
2
HereH=8,M=30andminutehandisbehindthehourhand.Hencetheangle
M
M
30
30
)+
)+
= 30 (8
= 30 (8 6) + 15
5
2
5
2
= 30 2 + 15 = 75
= 30 (H
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
thetraditionalway.
8.30=8hour30minutes=8
1
17
hour =
hour
2
2
= 30
17
= 15 17 = 255
2
17
360 17
hour =
7
12
2
360
30 = 180
60
Requiredangle=255-180=75
8.Howmanytimesinaday,arethehandsofaclockinstraightlinebutoppositeindirection?
A.48
B.22
C.24
D.12

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
The hands of a clock point in opposite directions (in the same
straightline,makingan
angle180betweenthem)11timesinevery12hoursbecause
between5and7they
pointinoppositedirectionsat6'oclockonly.
Hence the hands point in the opposite directions 22 times in a
day
Howeverthisisalreadygivenasaformulaanditsisbetterto
byhearttheansweras22
which can save time in competitive exams.(However if you
shouldknowthetheorybehind)
9.Atwhattimebetween3o'clockand4o'clock,boththeneedlesofaclockwillcoincideeachother?
2
minutespast3
11
4
C. 15
minutespast3
11
4
minutespast3
11
2
D. 15
minutespast3
11
A. 16
B. 16

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
ThetwohandsofaclockwillbetogetherbetweenHand(H+1)o'clockat
60H
(
) minutespastHo'clock.
11
HereH=3.Handswillbetogetherat
60H
minutespast3
11
60 3
minutespast3
11
180
4
minutespast3 = 16
minutespast3
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
thetraditionalway.
At3o'clock,thehandsare15minutespacesapart
Henceminutehandneedstogain15moreminutespacessothatthehandswillcoincide
eachother
Weknowthat55minspacesaregainedbyminutehand(withrespecttohourhand)
in60min
Hencetimetakenforgaining15minutespacesbyminutehand
60
12
180
4
15minute =
15minute =
minute = 16
minute
55
11
11
11
4
Hencehandswillwillcoincideat16
minutepast3
11
10.Howmanytimeswillthehandsofaclockcoincideinaday?
A.24
B.22
C.20
D.21

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
The hands of a clock coincide 11 times in every 12 hours
(Between11and1,theycoincide
onlyonce,at12o'clock).
12:00am
1:05am
2:11am
3:16am
4:22am
5:27am
6:33am
7:38am
8:44am
9:49am
10:55am
12:00pm
1:05pm
2:11pm
3:16pm
4:22pm
5:27pm
6:33pm
7:38pm
8:44pm
9:49pm
10:55pm
Hencethehandscoincide22timesinaday.
11.Howmanytimesinaday,thehandsofaclockarestraight
A.22
B.44
C.48
D.24

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
The hands of a clock point in opposite directions (in the same
straightline,makingan
angle180betweenthem)11timesinevery12hoursbecause
between5and7they
pointinoppositedirectionsat6'oclockonly.Hencethehands
pointintheopposite
directions22timesinaday
The hands of a clock coincide(0 between them) 11 times in
every12hours
(Between 11 and 1, they coincide only once, at 12 o'clock).
Hencethehandscoincide22times
inaday.
So In 24 hours, the hands come in opposite direction or
coincide44times.
12.Howmuchdoesawatchloseperday,ifitshandscoincideevery64minutes?
1
minute
11
A. 34
C. 31 minute
8
minute
11
2
D. 33
minute
11
B. 32

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Theminutehandofaclockovertakesthehourhandatintervals
ofMminutesofcorrecttime.Theclockgainsorlosesinadayby
=(
720
60 24
) minutes
M) (
11
M
HereM=64.Theclockgainsorlossesinadayby
=(
720
60 24
720
60 24
16 60 3
)= (
)=
(
)
M) (
64) (
11
M
11
64
11
8
2
360
8
(60 3) =
= 32
minutes
11
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
thetraditionalway.
in60min
=>Timetakenbytheminutehandtogain60minspacesinanormalclock=
60
12
720
5
60 =
60 =
= 65
min
55
11
11
11
Inthegivenwatch,handscoincideevery64minutes.Inanotherwords,minutehand
gains60minspacesinevery64minutesforthegivenwatch.
5
5
16
64 = 1
=
minute
11
11
11
16
1
1
1
360
8
Lossin24hours=
24 60 =
24 60 =
= 32
minute
11 64
11 4
11
11
Lossin64min=65
13.Atwhattimebetween9and10o'clockwillthehandsofaclockbetogether?
2
minpast9
9
1
C. 48
minpast9
12
A. 45
1
minpast9
11
2
D. 47
minpast9
15
B. 49

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
ThetwohandsofaclockwillbetogetherbetweenHand(H+1)o'clockat (
60H
)
11
minutespastHo'clock.
=
60 9
minutespast9
11
540
1
minutespast9 = 49
minutespast9
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeveritsbetter
tounderstandthebasics.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblem
inthetraditionalway.
Henceminutehandneedstogain45moreminutespacessothatthehandswillcoincide
eachother?
in60min
60
12
540
1
45minute =
45minute =
minute = 49
minute
55
11
11
11
1
Hencehandswillcoincideat49
minutepast9
11
14.Atwhattimebetween4and5o'clockwillthehandsofawatchpointinoppositedirections?
6
minutespast4
11
6
C. 54
minutespast4
11
A. 53
7
minutespast4
11
7
D. 54
minutespast4
11
B. 53

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
12
(5H 30)
minutespastH,whenH>6
11
(5H + 30)
12
minutespastH,whenH<6
11
HereH=4.Handsofthewatchwillpointinoppositedirectionsat (5 4 + 30)
=
12
minutespast4
11
50 12
600
minutespast4 =
minutespast4
11
11
= 54
6
minutespast4
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeveritsbetterto
understandthebasics.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
Henceminutehandneedstogain50moreminutespacessothatthehandswill
pointinoppositedirections.
in60min
60
12
600
6
50minute =
50minute =
minute = 54
minute
55
11
11
11
6
Hencehandswillpointinoppositedirectionsat54
minutepast4
11
15.Awatchwhichgains5secondsin3minuteswassetrightat7a.m.Intheafternoonofthesameday,
whenthewatchindicatedquarterpast4o'clock,thetruetimeis
A.3pm
B.3.45pm
C.3.30pm
D.4pm

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Timefrom7amto4.15pm=9hours15minutes=9
1
37
hours =
hours
4
4
3minute5secondsofthegivenclock=3minutesofanormalclock
3
1
minutesofthegivenclock=3minutesofanormalclock
12
37
minutesofthegivenclock=3minutesofanormalclock
12
37
3
hoursofthegivenclock=
hoursofanormalclock
720
60
37
1
hoursofanormalclock
720
20
37
1
720 37
hoursofthegivenclock
4
20
37
4
=9hoursofthegivenclock
Hencethecorrecttime=9hoursafter7am=4pm
16.Howmanytimesarethehandsofaclockatrightangleinaday?
A.48
B.44
C.24
D.22

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
In12hours,handsofaclockareatrightanglesat22times.
In24hours,handsofaclockareatrightanglesat44times.
17. A watch which gains uniformly is 2 minutes low at noon on and is 4 min 48 sec fast at 2 pm on the
followingMonday.Whenwasitcorrect?
A.2pmonTuesday
B.3pmonWednesday
C.2pmonWednesday
D.3pmonTuesday

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Time from Monday noon (12 o' clock) to following Monday 2
pm=7day2hours
= 7 24 + 2 = 168 + 2 = 170hours
TotaltimegainedMondaynoon(12o'clock)tofollowingMonday2pm=2min+4min48sec
=6min48sec=6
48
4
34
mins=6 mins=
mins
60
5
5
=> Thegivenwatchgains
34
minsin170hours
5
Giventhatthesaidwatchwas2minuteslowatMondaynoon.Hencewhenitgained2minutes,
thetimewascorrect.
34
minsin170hours
5
5
=> Thegivenwatchgains2minsin170
2hours
34
= 5 5 2hours=50hours
Thegivenwatchgains
Hencethetimewascorrectafter50hoursfromMondaynoon
=after2days2hoursfromMondaynoon=2pmonWednesday
18.Whatisthereflexanglebetweenthehandsofaclockat10.25?
A. 195
C. 180
2
1
D. 193
2
B. 197

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
M
M
)+
= 30 (H
degree
5
2
M
M
= 30 (
H)
degree
5
2
HereH=10,M=25andtheminutehandisbehindthehourhand.Hencetheangle
M
M
25
25
)+
)+
= 30 (10
= 30 (10 5) + 12.5
5
2
5
2
= 30 5 + 12.5 = 150 + 12.5 = 162.5
= 30 (H
Butthequestionistofindoutthereflexangle.
Reflexangle=360-162.5=197.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
thetraditionalway.
10hour25minutes=10
25
5
125
hour = 10
hour =
hour
60
12
12
Angletracedbyhourhandin12hrs=360
Angletracedbyhourhandin
= 10
125
360 125
125
hour=
= 30
12
12
12
12
125
= 10 31.25 = 312.5
4
Angletracedbyminutehandin60min.=360.
Angletracedbyminutehandin25min.=
360
25 = 6 25 = 150.
60
Anglebetweenthehandsoftheclockwhenthetimeis10.25=312.5-150=162.5.
Reflexangle=360-162.5=197.5
19.Theanglebetweentheminutehandandthehourhandofaclockwhenthetimeis4.20is
A.10
B.5
C.0
D.1

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
M
M
)+
= 30 (H
degree
5
2
M
M
= 30 (
H)
degree
5
2
HereH=4,M=20theminutehandisslightlybehindthehourhand.Hencetheangle
M
M
20
20
)+
)+
= 30 (4
= 30 (4 4) + 10
5
2
5
2
= 30 0 + 10 = 10
= 30 (H
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
thetraditionalway.
4hour20minutes=4
1
13
hour =
hour
3
3
= 10 13 = 130
13
360 13
13
hour=
= 30
3
12
3
3
360
20 = 6 20 = 120.
60
Anglebetweenthehandsoftheclockwhenthetimeis4.20=130-120=10.
20.Aclockissetat5am.Iftheclockloses16minutesin24hours,whatwillbethetruetimewhenthe
clockindicates10pmon4thday?
A.9.30pm
B.10pm
C.10.30pm
D.11pm

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Timefrom5amto10pmonthe4thday=3days17hours=3 24 + 17 = 89hours
Giventhatclockloses16minutesin24hours
> 23hour44minutesofthegivenclock=24hoursinanormalclock
23
44
hoursofthegivenclock=24hoursinanormalclock
60
23
11
15
356
15
89hoursofthegivenclock=24
= 24
15
89hoursinanormalclock
356
15
= 6 15 = 90hours
4
Sothecorrecttimeis90hoursafter5am=3days18hoursafter5am=11pmonthe4thday
21.Whatistheanglebetweenthehourandtheminutehandofaclockwhenthetimeis3.25?
A. 47
C. 46
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
1
2
1
D. 47
2
B. 46
M
M
)+
= 30 (H
degree
5
2
M
M
= 30 (
H)
degree
5
2
HereH=3,M=25andtheminutehandisaheadofthehourhand.Hencetheangle
M
M
25
25
H)
= 30 (
3)
= 30 (5 3) 12.5
5
2
5
2
= 30 2 12.5 = 60 12.5 = 47.5
= 30 (
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
thetraditionalway.
3hour25minutes=3
25
5
41
hour = 3
hour =
hour
60
12
12
= 10
41
360 41
41
hour=
= 30
12
12
12
12
41
= 10 10.25 = 102.5
4
360
25 = 6 25 = 150.
60
Anglebetweenthehandsoftheclockwhenthetimeis10.25=150-102.5=47.5.
22.Atwhattimebetween8and9o'clockwillthehandsofaclockareinthesamestraightlinebutnot
together?
8
minutespast8
11
10
C. 11
minutespast8
11
A. 11
8
minutespast8
11
10
D. 10
minutespast8
11
B. 10

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
12
(5H 30)
minutespastH,whenH>6
11
(5H + 30)
12
minutespastH,whenH<6
11
HereH=8.Handsoftheclockwillpointinoppositedirectionsat
12
(5 8 30)
minutespast8
11
=
10 12
120
10
minutespast8 =
minutespast8 = 10
minutespast8
11
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
thetraditionalway.
Henceminutehandneedstogain10moreminutespacessothatthehandswillbe
inoppositedirection
in60min
60
12
120
10
10minute =
10minute =
minute = 10
minute
55
11
11
11
10
Hencehandswillbeinoppositedirectionat10
minutepast8
11
23.Atwhattimebetween2and3o'clockwillthehandsofaclockbetogether?
11
minutespast2
11
11
C. 10
minutespast2
11
A. 9
10
minutespast2
11
10
D. 10
minutespast2
11
B. 9

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
60H
)
11
=
60 2
minutespast2
11
120
10
minutespast2 = 10
minutespast2
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
thetraditionalway.
inoppositedirection
in60min
60
12
120
10
10minute =
10minute =
minute = 10
minute
55
11
11
11
10
Hencehandsoftheclockwillbetogetherat10
minutepast2
11
24.Atwhattimebetween5and6'oclock,willthehandsofaclockbeatrightangle?
A. 10
5
C. 10
5
10
7
minutes past 5 and43
minutes past
11
11
B. 10
9
7
minutes past
11
11
D. 10
10
7
minutes past 5 and 42
minutes past
11
11
9
7
minutes past
11
11

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
12
(5H 15)
minutespastH'oclock
11
HereH=5.Hencethetwohandswillbeatrightanglesbetween5and6at
(5 5 15)
12
minutespast5'oclock
11
= (25 15)
12
minutespast5'oclock
11
= 10
=
12
12
minutespast5'oclock
11
11
120
480
minutespast5'oclock
11
11
= 10
10
7
minutespast5'oclock
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeveritsgoodto
thetraditionalway.
At5,thehandsare25minutesspacesapart
Togetfirstrightangle,theminutehandhastogain25-15=10minutes
Togetsecondrightangle,theminutehandhastogain25+15=40minutes
Togain10minutesfortheminutehand,timeneeded=
=
12
120
10
10 =
= 10
minutes
11
11
11
60
10
55
HTogain40minutesfortheminutehand,timeneeded=
=
12
480
7
40 =
= 43
minutes
11
11
11
60
40
55
10
7
minutespast5and43
minutespast5,
11
11
thehandsofaclockwillbeatrightangles
25.Theminutehandofaclockovertakesthehourhandatintervalsof65minutes.Howmuchadaydoes
theclockgainorloss?
9
minutes
143
10
C. 11
minutes
143
A. 10

Answer:OptionD
9
minutes
143
10
D. 10
minutes
143
B. 11
Explanation:
=(
720
60 24
) minutes
M) (
11
M
HereM=65.Theclockgainsorlossesinadayby
=(
720
60 24
720
60 24
5 12 24
)= (
)=
(
)
M) (
65) (
11
M
11
65
11
13
1440
10
= 10
minutes
143
143
26.Findthetimebetween4and5'oclock,whenthetwohandsofaclockare4minutesapart?
A. 26
4
C. 26
4
2
5
minutes past
11
11
B. 26
2
4
minutes past
11
11
D. 26
1
5
minutes past 4 and 17
minutes past
11
11
1
4
minutes past
11
11

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
BbetweenHand(H+1)o'clock,thetwohandsofaclockareMminutesapartat
12
(5H M)
minutespastH'oclock
11
HereH=4andM=4.Hencethetwohandsare4minutesapartbetween4and5at
(5 4 4)
12
minutespast4'oclock
11
= (20 4)
12
minutespast4'oclock
11
= 16
=
12
12
minutespast4'oclock
11
11
192
288
minutespast4'oclock
11
11
= 17
5
2
minutespast4'oclock
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeverpleasefind
themethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameprobleminthetraditionalway.
Togetthefirst4betweenthehands,theminutehandhastogain20-4=16minutespaces
Togetthesecond4betweenthehands,theminutehandhastogain20+4=24minutespaces
in60min
Timetakenforgaining16minutespacesbyminutehand
60
12
192
5
16minute =
16minute =
minute = 17
minutes
55
11
11
11
Timetakenforgaining24minutespacesbyminutehand
60
12
288
2
24minute =
24minute =
minute = 26
minutes
55
11
11
11
5
2
Hencehandsoftheclockare4minutesapartat17
minutespast4and26
minutepast4
11
11
27.Atwhattimebetween5and6willthehandsoftheclockcoincide?
2
minutespast5
11
3
C. 28
minutespast5
11
A. 26
3
minutespast5
11
3
D. 27
minutespast5
11
B. 26

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
60H
)
11
=
60 5
minutespast5
11
300
3
minutespast5 = 27
minutespast5
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
thetraditionalway.
inoppositedirection
in60min
60
12
300
3
25minute =
25minute =
minute = 27
minute
55
11
11
11
3
Hencehandsoftheclockwillbetogetherat27
minutepast5
11
28.Atwhattimebetween6and7willthehandsbeperpendicular
A. 48
6
C. 49
6
1
4
minutes past
11
11
1
4
minutes past
11
11
B. 48 minutespast6and 16
D. 48
6
3
minutespast6
11
2
3
minutes past
11
11

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
12
(5H 15)
minutespastH'oclock
11
HereH=6.Hencethetwohandswillbeatrightanglesbetween6and7at
(5 6 15)
12
minutespast6'oclock
11
= (30 15)
12
minutespast6'oclock
11
= 15
=
12
12
minutespast6'oclock
11
11
180
540
minutespast6'oclock
11
11
= 16
4
1
minutespast6'oclock
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeveritsbetterto
thetraditionalway.
Henceminutehandneedstogain15moreminutespacesor45moreminutespaces
sothatthehandswillbeinrightangles(90betweenthem)
in60min
60
12
180
15 =
15 =
55
11
11
4
= 16
minutes
11
60
12
540
45 =
45 =
55
11
11
1
= 49
minutes
11
Hencethehandswillbeperpendicularat16
49
1
minutespast6
11
4
minutespast6and
11
29.Whatistheanglebetweenthehandsat4.40?
A.95
B.100
C.120
D.110

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
M
M
)+
= 30 (H
degree
5
2
M
M
= 30 (
H)
degree
5
2
HereH=4,M=40theminutehandisaheadofthehourhand.Hencetheangle
M
M
40
40
H)
= 30 (
4)
= 30 (8 4) 20
5
2
5
2
= 30 4 20 = 100
= 30 (
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeveritsbetter
tounderstandthebasics.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblem
inthetraditionalway.
4hour40minutes=4
2
14
hour =
hour
3
3
= 10 14 = 140
14
360 14
14
hour=
= 30
3
12
3
3
360
40 = 6 40 = 240.
60
Anglebetweenthehandsoftheclockwhenthetimeis4.40=240-140=100.
30.Aclockstrikes4taking9seconds.Inordertostrike12atthesamerate,thetimetakenis
A.33seconds
B.30seconds
C.36seconds
D.27seconds

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Thereare3intervalswhentheclockstrikes4
Timetakenat3intervals=9seconds
Timetakenfor1interval=
9
= 3seconds
3
Inordertostrike12,thereare11intervals.Hencetimeneeded
= 3 11 = 33seconds
I mportantFormulas-Clock
1.
MinuteSpaces
Thefaceordialofclockisacirclewhosecircumferenceisdividedinto60equalparts,named
minutespaces
2.
Hourhandandminutehand
Aclockhastwohands.Thesmallerhandiscalledthehourhandorshorthandandthelargerone
iscalledminutehandorlonghand.
3.
55minspacesaregainedbyminutehand(withrespecttohourhand)in60min.
(In60minutes,hourhandwillmove5minspaceswhiletheminutehandwillmove60minspaces.
Ineffectthespacegainofminutehandwithrespecttohourhandwillbe60-5=55minutes.)
4.
Boththehandsofaclockcoincideonceineveryhour.
5.
The hands of a clock are in the same straight line when they are coincident or opposite to each
other.
6.
Whenthetwohandsofaclockareatrightangles,theyare15minutespacesapart.
7.
Whenthehandsofaclockareinoppositedirections,theyare30minutespacesapart.
8.
9.
10.
Ifawatchoraclockindicates9.15,whenthecorrecttimeis9,itissaidtobe15minutestoofast.
11.
If a watch or a clock indicates 8.45, when the correct time is 9, it is said to be 15 minutes too
slow.
12.
Thehandsofaclockwillbeinstraightlinebutoppositeindirection,22timesinaday
13.
Thehandsofaclockcoincide22timesinaday
14.
Thehandsofaclockarestraight44timesinaday
15.
Thehandsofaclockareatrightangles44timesinaday
16.
ThetwohandsofaclockwillbetogetherbetweenHand(H+1)o'clockat
60H
(
) minutespastHo'clock.
11
17.
. (5H 30) 12 minutespastH,whenH>6
11
. (5H + 30) 12 minutespastH,whenH<6
11
18.
M
M
)+
= 30 (H
degree
5
2
M
M
= 30 (
H)
degree
5
2
19.
12
(5H 15)
minutespastH'oclock
11
20.
=(
21.
720
60 24
) minutes
M) (
11
M
BbetweenHand(H+1)o'clock,thetwohandsofaclockareMminutesapartat
12
(5H M)
minutespastH'oclock
11
BasicArithmeticoperationsDecimalFractions
1.
AdditionandSubtractionofDecimalFractions
Toadd/subtractdecimals,followthesesteps.
Writedownthenumbers,oneundertheother,withthedecimalpointslieinonecolumn.
Now the numbers can be added normally (remember to put the decimal point in the
answer).
Examples
(a)1.3+0.24=?
1.3
0.24
1.54
2.
(b)1.25+0.1024+3=?
1.25
0.1024
3
4.3524
MultiplicationofaDecimalFractionByaPowerof10
Shiftthedecimalpointtotherightbyasmanyplacesasthepowerof10
Examples
(a)3.7810=37.8
3.
0.0043100000=430
MultiplicationofDecimalFractions
Tomultiplydecimals,followthesesteps
Multiplythegivennumbersconsideringthemwithoutdecimalpoint.
In the product obtained, place the decimal point by starting at the right and moving a
numberofplacesequaltothesumofthedecimalplacesinthegivennumbers.
Examples
(a)4.06=?
4.
(b)2.30.005=?
46=24
235=30
Sumofthedecimalplaces
inthegivennumbers
=0+2=2
inthegivennumbers
=0+1+3=4
Hence,answer=.24
Hence,answer=.0030=.003
DivisionofDecimalFractionbyaCountingNumber
Todivideadecimalbyacountingnumber,followthesesteps
Dividethegivennumbersconsideringthemwithoutdecimalpoint.
In the quotient obtained, place the decimal point by starting at the right and moving a
numberofplacesequaltothesumofthedecimalplacesinthegivennumbers.
Examples
(a)0.042=?
5.
(b)0.0084=?
42=2
84=2
inthegivennumbers
=2+0=2
inthegivennumbers
=3+0=3
Hence,answer=.02
Hence,answer=.002
DivisionofDecimalFraction/CountingNumberbyaDecimalFraction
Todivideadecimal/countingnumberbyadecimal,followthesesteps
Multiply both the dividend and the divisor by a suitable power of 10 to make divisor a
wholenumber
Nowthenumberscanbedividednormally.
Examples
(a)
0.04
0.04 10
0.4
=
=
= 0.2
0.2
0.2 10
2
0.0009
0.0009 10 2
0.09
(b)
=
=
= 0.03
2
0.03
3
0.03 10
3
3 10 2
300
(c)
=
=
= 100
2
0.03
3
0.03 10
40
40 10 3
40000
(d)
=
=
= 20000
3
0.002
2
0.002 10
BasicsConceptsandFormulasDecimalFractions
1.
Fractions
Afractionisanexpressionthatindicatesthequotientoftwoquantities.
Examplesoffractions:
1 1 5
8
, , ,
2 3 7
5
etc.
Afractionhastwoparts,NumeratorandDenominator.Numeratoristhenumberatthetopofthe
fractionanddenominatoristhenumberatthebottomofthefraction.
Forexample,inthefraction
1
,1isnumeratorand4isdenominator
4
Thedenominatorofafractioncannotbezero
(Fractions can be denoted by using horizontal lines or diagonal lines. For example,
representsthesame)
2.
1
and 1/4
4
TypeofFractions
i.
CommonFraction
A common fraction (also known as Vulgar fraction and simple fraction) is a fraction in
which both numerator and denominator areintegers (As with other fractions, the
denominatorcannotbezero)
Examples:
ii.
2 7
6
,
,
3 12
5
DecimalFraction
A decimal fraction is a fraction in which denominator is an integer power of ten. (The

termdecimalsarecommonlyusedtoreferdecimalfractions).
Generally,adecimalfractionisexpressedusingdecimalnotationanditsdenominatoris
notmentionedexplicitly
Examples:
1
=.1
10
1
=.01
100
17
=.17
100
4
=.0004
10000
121
=1.21
100
Decimalfractionscanalsobeexpressedusingscientificnotationwithnegativeexponents
Example:4.193107isadecimalfractionwhichrepresents.0000004193
Generally, a zero is added to the left of the decimal point if a whole number is absent to draw
theattentiontothefactthatthenumberisadecimalfraction.
3.
4.
Forexample,.1and0.1representsthesame
AnnexingZerostotheextremerightofadecimalfraction
Annexingzerostotheextremerightofadecimalfractiondoesnotchangeitsvalue.
Examples
0.4=0.40=0.400=0.4000,etc.
1.21=1.210=1.2100=1.21000,etc
If the numerator and denominator contain the same number of decimal places, we can remove
thedecimalsign
Example
1.2
12
1
=
=
4.8
48
4
5.
6.
0.03
3
1
=
=
0.24
24
8
ConversionofaDecimalintoCommonFraction
Put 1 in the denominator under the decimal point and annex with it as many zeros as is the
numberofdigitsafterthedecimalpoint.Now,removethedecimalpointandreducethefraction
toitslowestterms.
Examples
0.5=
5
1
=
10
2
.75=
75
3
=
100
4
1.25=
125
5
=
100
4
ConversionofRecurringDecimalsintoVulgarFractions
1.
HowtoConvertaPureRecurringDecimalintoVulgarFraction
Toconvertapurerecurringdecimalintoavulgarfraction,followthesesteps.
1. Removethenumberlefttothedecimalpoint,ifany.
2. Writetherepeatedfiguresonlyonceinthenumeratorwithoutthedecimalpoint.
3. Writeasmanyninesinthedenominatorasthenumberofrepeatingfigures.
4. Addthenumberremovedinstep1(ifany)withthefractionobtainedintheabovesteps.
Examples
3
(a) 0.
3
1
=
9
3
(b) 0.
7
7
9
=
36
(c) 0.
36
4
=
99
11
=
067
(d) 0.
(f) 1.
3
=1+
=
36
(g) 5.
2.
067
67
=
999
999
3
1
4
=1+ =
9
3
3
5+
36
4
59
=5+
=
99
11
11
HowtoConvertaMixedRecurringDecimalintoVulgarFraction
Toconvertamixedrecurringdecimalintoavulgarfraction,followthesesteps.
1. Removethenumberlefttothedecimalpoint,ifany.
2. Numerator is the difference between the number formed by all the digits (taking
repeateddigitsonlyonce)andthatformedbythedigitswhicharenotrepeated.
3. Denominatoristhenumberformedbytakingasmanyninesasthenumberofrepeating
figuresfollowedbyasmanyzerosasthenumberofnonrepeatingdigits.
4. Addthenumberremovedinstep1(ifany)withthefractionobtainedintheabovesteps.
Examples
=
(a) 0.54
29
(b) 0.1
6
(c) 0.58
3
=
(d) 1.3
18
(5429 54)
5375
215
=
=
9900
9900
396
(16 1)
15
1
=
=
90
90
6
(583 58)
525
21
7
=
=
=
900
900
36
12
1+
(318 3)
315
63
21
7
29
=1+
=1+
=1+
=1+
=
990
990
198
66
22
22
1. Evaluate
3.8 2 1.2 2
3.8 1.2
A.5.2
B.4.8
C.4
D.5

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
[Readmore...]
(3.8 + 1.2)(3.8 1.2)

3.8 2 1.2 2
=
3.8 1.2
(3.8 1.2)
= 3.8 + 1.2 = 5
2.If20412.75=16,then2.041.275=?
A.16
B.1.6
C.0.16
D.0.016

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
204
= 16
12.75
20.4
= 16
1.275
(DividedNumeratorandDenominatorby10))
2.04
= 1.6
1.275
(DividedLHSandRHSby10)
3.0.030.0124=?
A.3.72106
B.3.72105
C.3.72103
D.3.72104

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Reference:MultiplicationofDecimalFractions
3124=372
Sumofthedecimalplacesin0.03and0.0124=2+4=6
Hence,0.030.0124=372106=3.72104
4.7212+15.231?=6879
A.359.022
B.362.02
C.328.221
D.348.231

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
RequiredValue=7212+15.2316879=348.231
5.4211.01+22.261?=2645.759
A.1587.512
B.1586.532
C.1588.021
D.1586.422

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
RequiredValue=4211.01+22.2612645.759=1587.512
6.ThepriceofcommodityPincreasesby40paiseeveryyear,whilethepriceofcommodityQincreases
by15paiseeveryyear.Ifin2001,thepriceofcommodityPwasRs.4.20andthatofQwasRs.6.30,in
whichyearcommodityPwillcost40paisemorethanthecommodityQ?
A.2008
B.2009
C.2010
D.2011

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Let the commodity P costs 40 paise more than the commodity
Qafternyears
PriceofthecommodityPin2001=Rs.4.20
SincethepriceofthecommodityPincreasesbyRs0.40every
year,
PriceofthecommodityPafternyearsfrom2001=Rs.4.20+
(n.40)
PriceofthecommodityQin2001=Rs.6.30
SincethepriceofthecommodityQincreasesbyRs0.15every
year,
priceofthecommodityQafternyearsfrom2001=Rs.6.30+
(n.15)
Since the commodity P costs Rs. 0.40 more that the
commodityQafternyearsfrom2001,
4.20+(n.40)=6.30+(n.15)+0.40
=>(40n.15n)=6.304.20+0.40=2.5
=>.25n=2.5
n=
2.5
250
=
= 10
.25
25
=>CommodityPcostsRs.0.40morethatthecommodityQafter10yearsfrom2001.i.e.,in2011
7.Whichofthefollowingfractionsisgreaterthan3/5andlessthan6/7?
7
8
2
C.
3
A.
1
3
1
D.
2
B.

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Solution1
3
= 0.6
5
6
= 0.85 (Takenonlythefirsttwodigitsafterthedecimalpoint)
7
Hence,thequestionistofindoutanumberwhichisgreaterthan0.6andlessthan0.85
Thegivenchoicesare
1
= 0.5
2
2
3
1
3
7
8
Clearly,0.66=
2
istheanswer
3
Solution2
LCMof5,7,2,3,3,8=840
3
504
=
5
840
6
720
=
7
840
Hence,thequestionistofindoutanumberwhichisbetweentheabovenumbers
Thegivenchoicesare
1
420
=
2
840
2
560
=
3
840
1
280
=
3
840
7
735
=
8
840
Clearly,
560
2
= istheanswer
840
3
8.0.0040.5=?
A.Noneofthese
B.0.02
C.0.002
D.0.0002

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
0.0040.5=0.002
[Reference:MultiplicationofDecimalFractions]
9.Howmanydigitswillbetheretotherightofthedecimalpointintheproductof89.635and.02218?
A.5
B.6
C.7
D.8

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Sumofdecimalplaces=3+5=8
Thelastdigittotheextremerightiszero(Since5x8=40)
Hence, there will be 7 significant digits to the right of the
decimalpoint.
[Reference:MultiplicationofDecimalFractions]

10. 4.
86
A. 1.6
C. 1.14
=?
3.71
B. 1.5
D. 1.15

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
= (4 + 86 )
4.86
99
[Reference:ConversionofRecurringDecimalsintoVulgarFractions]
= (3 + 71 )
3.71
99
3.71
= (4 + 86 ) (3 + 71 ) = (1 + 15 ) = 1.15
Hence,4.86
99
99
99

11. 4.
86
A. 0.93
=?
3.95
B. 0.92
C. 0.91
D. 0.90

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
= (4 + 86 )
4.86
99
= (3 + 95 )
3.95
99
3.95
= (4 + 86 ) (3 + 95 ) = (1 9 ) = 90 = 0.90
Hence,4.86
99
99
99
99
inthefractionalform?
12. Whatisthecorrectexpressionof8.
23
8232323
1000000
82323
C.
1000
823
99
815
D.
99
A.
B.

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
= 8 + 23 = 815
8.23
99
99
13.24.39+562.093+35.96=?
A.622.441
B.622.243
C.622.233
D.622.443

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
24.39+562.093+35.96=622.443
[Reference:AdditionandSubtractionofDecimalFractions]
14.926+9.026+0.926+9.0026=?
A.944.9546
B.944.1246
C.944.4246
D.944.9446

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
926+9.026+0.926+9.0026=944.9546
[Reference:AdditionandSubtractionofDecimalFractions]
15.Theexpression(12.8612.86+12.86p+0.140.14)willbeaperfectsquareforpequalto
A.0.28
B.0.26
C.1
D.0

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
(a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b2
[Readmore...]
12.8612.86+12.86p+0.140.14=(12.86)2+12.86p+(0.14)2
Thiscanbewrittenas(12.86+0.14)2=132,if12.86p=212.860.14
i.e.,ifp=20.14=0.28
Hence,p=0.28istheanswer
16.Convert0.343434.....intoafraction
31
99
33
C.
99
32
99
34
D.
99
A.
B.

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
= 34
0.343434..... = 0.34
99
17.
0.0007
= 0.01
?
A.70
B.7
C.0.7
D.0.07

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
0.0007
.07
=
= .07
0.01
1
RequiredAnswer=
[Reference:DivisionofDecimalFraction/CountingNumberbyaDecimalFraction]
18. Whatisthevalueof
(0.87) 3 (0.1) 3
(0.87) 2 + 0.087 + (0.1) 2
A.1.07
B.0.93
C.0.68
D.0.77

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
a 3 b3 = (a b)(a 2 + ab + b2 )
[Readmore...]
(0.87) 3 (0.1) 3
(0.87) 2 + 0.087 + (0.1) 2
=
(0.87) 3 (0.1) 3
(0.87) 2 + (0.87 0.1) + (0.1) 2
(a 3 b3 )
a 2 + ab + b2
(wherea=0.87andb=0.1)
(a b)(a 2 + ab + b2 )
a 2 + ab + b2
= (a b) = 0.87 0.1 = 0.77
19. Whatisthevalueof
A.
1
64
0.1 0.1 0.1 + 0.02 0.02 0.02

0.4 0.4 0.4 + 0.08 0.08 0.08
1
B.
32
C.
1
16
D.
1
8

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
0.1 0.1 0.1 + 0.02 0.02 0.02

0.4 0.4 0.4 + 0.08 0.08 0.08
=
0.1 0.1 0.1 + 0.02 0.02 0.02

(4 4 4)[0.1 0.1 0.1 + 0.02 0.02 0.02]
1
(4 4 4)
1
64
20. Thevalueof
729.124932 0.04293 2.9233376

isclosestto
0.0683 97.671 999.6289
A.0.003
B.0.03
C.0.3
D.3

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Here,thegivenchoicesarenotcloser.Hence,wecanmakea
fairamountofapproximation
inthecalculations.
729.124932 0.04293 2.9233376

0.0683 97.671 999.6289
730 0.05 3
730 3
73 3
0.05 100 1000

100 1000
10 1000
219
.0219
10 1000
.03
21.Whatdecimalofanhourisasecond?
A..00027
B..00025
C..00026
D..00024

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
1hour=60minutes=3600seconds
Hence,requireddecimal=1/3600=0.00027
22. If
233
23.3
=
,whatisthevalueofx
0.233
x
A.233
B.23.3
C.0.233
D.0.0233

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
233
23.3
=
0.233
x
233000
23.3
=
233
x
1000 =
x=
23.
23.3
x
23.3
= 0.0233
1000
0.0406 1.46
=?
0.008 14.5 0.4
A.1.2775
B.2.2423
C.4.2223
D.0.7423

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
0.0406 1.46
0.008 14.5 0.4
=
406 146
8 145 40
203 73
4 145 20
14819
= 1.2775
11600
Butinfact,youreallydon'tneedtodothislengthcalculationhere.Givenchoices
arenotcloser.Hencewecantakeafairamountofapproximationasgivenbelow
0.0406 1.46
0.008 14.5 0.4
=
406 146
8 145 40
400 146
8 145 40
10 146
8 145
10
8
1.25
Fromthegivenchoices,1.2775iscloserto1.25.Hence1.2775istheanswer
24.Whatistherationalnumberforrecurringdecimal0.890890890....?
890890
1000
890
C.
999
A.
B.
67
421
D.Noneofthese

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
= 890
0.890890890.... = 0.890
999
25. Thefraction878
21
indecimalformis
10000
A.Noneofthese
B.878.0021
C.878.00021
D.878.021

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
878
26.
21
21
= 878 +
= 878 + 0.0021 = 878.0021
10000
10000
(0.1667)(0.8333)(0.6666)
isapproximatelyequalto
(0.4444)(1.3333)(0.2500)
A.0.625
B.0.572
C.0.675
D.0.724

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
(0.1667)(0.8333)(0.6666)
(0.1667)(0.8333)
0.6666
6666
0.4444
4444
(0.4444)(1.3333)(0.2500)
(1.3333)(0.2500)
1 5
( )( )
6 6
3 35
3
5
5
5
0.625
2 66
2 26
222
8
4 1
( )( )
3 4
1 5
( )( )
6 6
27.2.205dividedby0.3gives
A.7.35
B.6.25
C.8.15
D.6.95
1
( )
3
1 5
( )( )
6 6
4
25
( )(
)
3 100
Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
2.205
22.05
=
= 7.35
0.3
3
28.Whichistheleastamongthefollowing?
A.10.3
B. 0.3
C.0.3
D.(0.3)2

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
0.3=0.3
0.
3 = 0.33333...
10.3=103=3.3333...
(0.3)2=0.30.3=.09
Hence,(0.3)2istheleast
29.
5.2 5.2 2.4 2.4

2.8 7.6
A.0.1
B.4.2
C.0.5
D.1
=?

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
[Readmore...]
(5.2) 2 (2.4) 2
=
2.8 7.6
5.2 5.2 2.4 2.4

2.8 7.6
a 2 b2
=
(a b)(a + b)
=
(a b)(a + b)
(a b)(a + b)
wherea=5.2andb=2.4
=1
30.Whichofthefollowingisequalto0.024106?
A.2400000
B.240000
C.24000
D.2400

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
0.024106=0.0241000000=24000
31.Whichofthefollowingareindescendingorderoftheirvalue?
7 4 3 2 1 1
, , , , ,
8 7 7 5 4 6
1 2 4 1 3 7
, , , ,
C. ,
4 5 7 6 7 8
B.Noneofthese
A.
D.
1 2 4 5 6 7
, , , , ,
4 5 7 6 7 8

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
1/4=0.25and2/5=0.4
Hence,2/5>1/4
Hence,
1 2 4 5 6 7
, , , , ,
4 5 7 6 7 8
Similarly,
isnotindescendingorder
1 2 4 1 3 7
, , , , ,
4 5 7 6 7 8
isalsonotindescendingorder
7/8=0.8(Takenonlyonedigitafterthedecimalpoint)
3/7=0.42(Takenonlytwodigitsafterthedecimalpoint)
2/5=0.4
Hence,
32.
7 4 3 2 1 1
, , , , , isindescendingorder
8 7 7 5 4 6
4 0.30 3 0.500
0.003
A.10
B.10
C.100
D.100
=?

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
4 0.30 3 0.500
0.003
1.2 1.5
0.3
300
=
=
= 100
0.003
0.003
3
RecurringDecimals(orRepeatingDecimals)
1.
RecurringDecimal
If a figure or a set of figures is repeated continuously in a decimal fraction, it is called a

recurringdecimal(alsoknownasrepeatingdecimalandcirculatingdecimal)
Arepeatingdecimalisdenotedbyplacingahorizontallineabovetherepeatednumerals.Another
waytodenotearecurringdecimalisplacingdotsoverthefirstandlastdigits
Examples
2.
(a)
1
= 0.333... = 0.
3 = 0.3
3
(b)
1
= 0.1 42857
= 0.142857142857142857... = 0.142857
7
(c)
7
= 0.58333... = 0.58
3 = 0.583
12
TypeofRecurringDecimals
Recurring Decimals can be classified into two categories Pure Recurring Decimals and Mixed
RecurringDecimals
i.
PureRecurringDecimals
Pure Recurring Decimal is a decimal fraction in which all the figures after the decimal
pointarerepeated.
Examples
ii.
(a)
1
= 0.3
= 0.333... = 0.3
3
(b)
4
= 0.3 6
= 0.36363636... = 0.36
11
MixedRecurringDecimals
PureRecurringDecimalisadecimalfractioninwhichsomefiguresarenotrepeatedand
somefiguresarerepeated.
Examples
(a)
7
= 0.58333... = 0.58
3 = 0.583
12
(b)
87
= 1.31 8
= 1.3181818... = 1.318
66
1.Twonumbersareintheratio2:3.IftheirL.C.M.is48.whatissumofthenumbers?
A.28
B.40
C.64
D.42

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Letthenumbersbe2xand3x
LCMof2xand3x=6x
(LCMof2and3is6.HenceLCM
of2xand3xis6x)
GiventhatLCMof2xand3xis48
=>6x=48
=>x= 486=8
Sumofthenumbers=2x+3x=5x=58=40
2.Whatisthegreatestnumberoffourdigitswhichisdivisibleby15,25,40and75?
A.9800
B.9600
C.9400
D.9200

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Greatestnumberoffourdigits=9999
LCMof15,25,40and75=600
9999600=16,remainder=399
Hence, greatest number of four digits which is divisible by 15,
25,40and75
=9999-399=9600
3.Threenumbersareintheratioof2:3:4andtheirL.C.M.is240.TheirH.C.F.is:
A.40
B.30
C.20
D.10

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Letthenumbersbe2x,3xand4x
LCMof2x,3xand4x=12x
=>12x=240
=>x= 24012=20
H.C.Fof2x,3xand4x=x=20
4.Whatisthelowestcommonmultipleof12,36and20?
A.160
B.220
C.120
D.180

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
2 12,36,20
2 6,18,10
3 3,9,5
1,3,5
LCM=223135=180
5.Whatistheleastnumberwhichwhendividedby5,6,7and8leavesaremainder3,butwhendivided
by9leavesnoremainder?
A.1108
B.1683
C.2007
D.3363

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
--------Solution1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------LCMof5,6,7and8=840
Hencethenumbercanbewrittenintheform(840k+3)which
isdivisibleby9
Ifk=1,number=(8401)+3=843whichisnotdivisible
by9
Ifk=2,number=(8402)+3=1683whichisdivisibleby
9
Hence1683istheleastnumberwhichwhendividedby5,6,7
and8leavesaremainder3,
butwhendividedby9leavesnoremainder
------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2-HitandTrialMethod
------------------------------------------------------------------------------Justseewhichofthegivenchoicessatisfythegivencondtions
Take3363.Thisisnotevendivisibleby9.Hencethisisnotthe
answer
Take1108.Thisisnotevendivisibleby9.Hencethisisnotthe
answer
Take2007.Thisisdivisibleby9.
20075=401,remainder=2.Hencethisisnottheanswer
Take1683.Thisisdivisibleby9.
16835=336,remainder=3
Hence1683istheanswer
6.TheH.C.F.oftwonumbersis5andtheirL.C.M.is150.Ifoneofthenumbersis25,thentheotheris:
A.30
B.28
C.24
D.20

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Productoftwonumbers=ProductoftheirHCFandLCM.
Letonenumber=x
25 x = 5 150
x=
5 150
= 30
25
7.504canbeexpressedasaproductofprimesas
A.223377
B.233377
C.233337
D.222337

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Itisclearthat504=222337
8.Whichofthefollowingintegershasthemostnumberofdivisors?
A.101
B.99
C.182
D.176

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
99=13311
=>Divisorsof99are1,3,11,9,33and99
101=1101
=>Divisorsof101are1and101
182=12713
=>Divisorsof182are1,2,7,13,14,26,91and182
176=1222211
=>Divisorsof176are1,2,11,4,22,8,44,16,88,176
Hence176hasmostnumberofdivisors
9.Theleastnumberwhichshouldbeaddedto28523sothatthesumisexactlydivisibleby3,5,7and8
is
A.41
B.42
C.32
D.37

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
LCMof3,5,7and8=840
28523840=33remainder=803
Hencetheleastnumberwhichshouldbeadded=840-803=
37
10.Whatistheleastnumberwhichwhendoubledwillbeexactlydivisibleby12,14,18and22?
A.1286
B.1436
C.1216
D.1386

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
LCMof12,14,18and22=2772
Hence the least number which will be exactly divisible by 12,
14,18and22=2772
27722=1386
=>1386isthenumberwhichwhendoubled,weget2772
Hence, 1386 is the least number which when doubled will be
exactlydivisibleby12,14,18and22?
11.Whatisthegreatestpossiblelengthwhichcanbeusedtomeasureexactlythelengths8m,4m20
cmand12m20cm?
A.10cm
B.30cm
C.25cm
D.20cm

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Requiredlength=HCFof800cm,420cm,1220cm=20cm
12.Whichofthefollowingfractionisthelargest?
11
12
21
C.
40
A.
41
50
5
D.
6
B.

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
----------------------------------------------------------------------Solution1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
LCMof6,40,50and12=600
5
500
=
6
600
21
315
=
40
600
41
492
=
50
600
11
550
=
12
600
Clearly
550
11
=
isthelargestamongthesefractions
600
12
----------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
LCMof6,40,50and12=600
5
= .83
6
21
= .52
40
41
= .82
50
11
= .92
12
Clearly.92 =
11
isthelargestamongthese
12
13.Theproductoftwo2digitnumbersis2028andtheirHCFis13.Whatarethenumbers?
A.26,78
B.39,52
C.13,156
D.36,68

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Letthenumbersbe13xand13y
( HCF of the numbers =
13)
13x13y=2028
=>xy=12
co-primes with product 12 are (1, 12) and (3, 4)
needtotakeonly
( we
co-primes with product 12. If we take two numbers with

product12,butnotco-prime,
theHCFwillnotremainas13)
(Reference:Co-primeNumbers)
HencethenumberswithHCF13andproduct2028
=(131,1312)and(133,134)
=(13,156)and(39,52)
Giventhatthenumbersare2digitnumbers
Hencenumbersare39and52
14.Theproductoftwonumbersis2028andtheirHCFis13.Whatarethenumberofsuchpairs?
A.4
B.3
C.2
D.1

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Letthenumbersbe13xand13y
13)
( HCF of the numbers =
13x13y=2028
=>xy=12
co-primes with product 12 are (1, 12) and (3, 4)
needtotakeonly
( we
co-primes with product 12. If we take two numbers with

product12,butnotco-prime,
theHCFwillnotremainas13)
=(131,1312)and(133,134)
=(13,156)and(39,52)
So,thereare2pairsofnumberswithHCF13andproduct2028
15. N is the greatest number which divides 1305, 4665 and 6905 and gives the same remainder in each
case.WhatisthesumofthedigitsinN?
A.4
B.3
C.6
D.5

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
If the remainder is same in each case and remainder is not

given, HCF of the differences of the numbers is the required
greatestnumber
6905-1305=5600
6905-4665=2240
4665-1305=3360
Hence,thegreatestnumberwhichdivides1305,4665and6905andgivesthesameremainder,N
=HCFof5600,2240,3360
=1120
SumofdigitsinN
=Sumofdigitsin1120
=1+1+2+0
=4
16. A boy divided the numbers 7654, 8506 and 9997 by a certain largest number and he gets same
remainderineachcase.Whatisthecommonremainder?
A.156
B.199
C.211
D.231

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:

given, HCF of the differences of the numbers is the required
largestnumber
9997-7654=2343
9997-8506=1491
8506-7654=852
Hence,thegreatestnumberwhichdivides7654,8506and9997andleavessameremainder
=HCFof2343,1491,852
=213
Nowweneedtofindoutthecommonremainder.
Takeanyofthegivennumbersfrom7654,8506and9997,say7654
7654213=35,remainder=199
17.Findthegreatestcommondivisorof24and16
A.6
B.2
C.4
D.8

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
16)24(1
16
8)16(2
16
0
Hence,greatestcommondivisorof24and16=8
18. A, B and C start at the same time in the same direction to run around a circular stadium. A
completesaroundin252seconds,Bin308secondsandcin198seconds,allstartingatthesamepoint.
Afterwhattimewilltheyagainatthestartingpoint?
A.36minutes22seconds
B.46minutes22seconds
C.36minutes12seconds
D.46minutes12seconds

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
LCMof252,308and198=2772
Hence they all will be again at the starting point after 2772
seconds
or46minutes12seconds
19.Theratiooftwonumbersis4:5.IftheHCFofthesenumbersis6,whatistheirLCM?
A.30
B.60
C.90
D.120

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Letthenumbersbe4kand5k
HCFof4and5=1
HenceHCFof4kand5k=k
GiventhatHCFof4kand5k=6
=>k=6
Hencethenumbersare(46)and(56)=24and30
LCMof24and30=120
20.WhatistheHCFof2.04,0.24and0.8?
A.1
B.2
C.0.02
D.0.04

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Reference:HowtocalculateLCMandHCFforDecimals
Step 1 : Make the same number of decimal places in all the
givennumbersbysuffixing
zero(s)inrequirednumbersasneeded.
=>2.04,0.24and0.80
Step2:NowfindtheHCFofthesenumberswithoutdecimal.
=>HCFof204,24and80=4
Step 3 : Put the decimal point in the result obtained in step 2
leavingasmanydigits
onitsrightasthereareineachofthenumbers.
i.e., here, we need to put decimal point in the result obtained
instep2leaving
twodigitsonitsright.
=>HCFof2.04,0.24and0.8=0.04
21. If HCF of two numbers is 11 and the product of these numbers is 363, what is the the greater
number?
A.9
B.22
C.33
D.11

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Letthenumbersbe11aand11b
11a11b=363
=>ab=3
co-primeswithproduct3are(1,3)
=(111,113)
=(11,33)
Hencenumbersare11and33
Thegreaternumber=33
22. What is the greatest number which on dividing 1223 and 2351 leaves remainders 90 and 85
respectively?
A.1133
B.127
C.42
D.1100

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Requirednumber
=HCFof(1223-90)and(2351-85)
=HCFof1133and2266
=1133
23.Whatistheleastmultipleof7whichleavesaremainderof4whendividedby6,9,15and18?
A.364
B.350
C.343
D.371

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
LCMof6,9,15and18=90
RequiredNumber=(90k+4)whichisamultipleof7
Putk=1.Wegetnumberas(901)+4=94.Butthisisnot
amultipleof7
Put k = 2. We get number as (90 2) + 4 = 184. But this is
notamultipleof7
Put k = 3. We get number as (90 3) + 4 = 274. But this is
notamultipleof7
Put k = 4. We get number as (90 4) + 4 = 364. This is a
multipleof7
Hence364istheanswer.
24.Threenumberswhichareco-primetoeachotheraresuchthattheproductofthefirsttwois119and
thatofthelasttwois391.Whatisthesumofthethreenumbers?
A.47
B.43
C.53
D.51

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Sincethenumbersareco-prime,theirHCF=1
Productoffirsttwonumbers=119
Productoflasttwonumbers=391
Themiddlenumberiscommoninbothoftheseproducts.
Hence if we take HCF of 119 and 391, we get the common
middlenumber
HCFof119and391=17
=>MiddleNumber=17
FirstNumber= 11917=7
LastNumber= 39117=23
Sumofthethreenumbers=7+17+23=47
25.Reduce
7
13
13
C.
14
A.
4329
toitslowestterms
4662
13
B.
17
7
D.
12

Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
WeneedtofindoutHCFof4329and4662
4329)4662(1
4329
333)4329(13
4329
0
4329333=13
4662333=14
Hence
4329
13
=
4662
14
26. What is the greatest number which divides 24, 28 and 34 and leaves the same remainder in each
case?
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:

given,HCFofthedifferencesof
thenumbersistherequiredgreatestnumber
34-24=10
34-28=6
28-24=4
Hence,thegreatestnumberwhichdivides24,28and34andgivesthesameremainder
=HCFof10,6,4
=2
27.Sixbellsstartringingtogetherandringatintervalsof4,8,10,12,15and20secondsrespectively.
howmanytimeswilltheyringtogetherin60minutes?
A.31
B.15
C.16
D.30

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
LCMof4,8,10,12,15and20=120
120seconds=2minutes
Henceallthesixbellswillringtogetherinevery2minutes
Hence,numberoftimestheywillringtogetherin60minutes
=1+
60
= 31
2
28.Whatistheleastnumberwhichwhendividedby8,12,15and20leavesineachcasearemainderof
5?
A.125
B.117
C.132
D.112

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
LCMof8,12,15and20=120
RequiredNumber=120+5=125
29. The HCF of two numbers is 23 and the other two factors of their LCM are 13 and 14. What is the
largestnumber?
A.312
B.282
C.299
D.322

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
The HCF of a group of numbers will be always a factor of

theirLCM
HCF is the product of all common prime factors using the
leastpowerofeachcommon
primefactor.
LCMistheproductofhighestpowersofallprimefactors
HCFofthetwonumbers=23
=>HighestCommonFactorinthenumbers=23
SinceHCFwillbealwaysafactorofLCM,23isafactoroftheLCM.
OthertwofactorsintheLCMare13and14.
HencefactorsoftheLCMare23,13,14
So,numberscanbetakenas(2313)and(2314)
=299and322
Hence,largestnumber=322
[Amoredetailedexplanation...
wecantakethenumbersas(2313)and(2314)becauseofthe
followingreasons
HCFisgivenas23.
TheHCFofagroupofnumberswillbealwaysafactoroftheirLCM.
Hence,23isafactoroftheLCM
GiventhatothertwofactorsoftheLCMare13and14.
HencefactorsoftheLCMare23,13,14
Nowassumethatwetakethenumbersare(2313)and(2314).
Ifwewritethenumbersastheproductofprimefactors,
firstnumber=(2313)
secondnumbers=(2314)=(2327)
HCF=productofallcommonprimefactorsusingtheleastpowerofeachcommonprimefactor
=23
LCMistheproductofhighestpowersofallprimefactors
=231327=231314
ClearlywegetHCFas23andthefactorsintheLCMas13,14and23.
Henceeveryconditionsaresatisfied.
30.Whatisthesmallestnumberwhichwhendiminishedby12,isdivisible8,12,22and24?
A.276
B.264
C.272
D.268

Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Required Number = (LCM of 8, 12, 22 and 24) + 12 = 264 +
12=276
1 2
1
, and ?
3 3
4
1
B.
3
1
D.
12
31.WhatistheHCFof
2
3
1
C.
4
A.

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
HCFforfractions=
HCFofNumerators
LCMofDenominators
ReadMore...
HCFof
HCF(1,2,1)
1 2
1
1
, and =
=
3 3
4
12
LCM(3,3,4)
2 5
4
, and ?
3 6
9
3
B.
20
20
D.
3
32.WhatistheLCMof
3
10
10
C.
3
A.

Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
LCMforfractions=
LCMofNumerators
HCFofDenominators
ReadMore...
LCMof
LCM(2,5,4)
2 5
4
20
, and =
=
3 6
9
3
HCF(3,6,9)
I mportantConceptsandFormulas-Numbers
(DirectlytakemetoHCFandLCM section)
I.
N umb erSetsand P rop ertiesofN umbers

a.
CountingNum bers(Naturalnum bers):1,2,3...
b.
W holeNum bers:0,1,2,3...
c.
I ntegers:-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3...
d.
RationalNum bers
Rationalnumberscanbeexpressedas
Examples:
11 4
8
, , 0 ,
2 2
11
a
whereaandbareintegersand b 0
b
etc.
Allintegers,fractionsandterminatingorrecurringdecimalsarerationalnumbers.
e.
I rrationalNum bers
Anynumberwhichisnotarationalnumberisanirrationalnumber.Inotherwords,anirrational
numberisanumberwhichcannotbeexpressedas
a
whereaandbareintegers.
b
Forinstance,numberswhosedecimalsdonotterminateanddonotrepeatcannotbewrittenasa
fractionandhencetheyareirrationalnumbers.
Example: ,
2 ,(3 + 5 ) ,4 3 (meaning4 3 ), 3 6 etc
Please note that the value of = 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 41971 69399
3751058209749445923078164062862089986280348253421170679...
Wecannot asasimplefraction(Thefraction22/7=3.14....isjustanapproximatevalueof )
f.
RealNum bers
Real numbers include counting numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers and
irrationalnumbers.
g.
Surds
Let a be any rational number and n be any positive integer such that n
n a isasurd.
Example:
a is irrational. Then
3 , 6 10 ,4 3 etc
Please note that numbers like

numbers
9 , 3 27 etc are not surds because they are not irrational
Everysurdisanirrationalnumber.Buteveryirrationalnumberisnotasurd.(eg: , e etc are

notsurdsthoughtheyareirrationalnumbers.)
II.
A dd ition,Sub tractionand MultiplicationRulesforEvenand Odd N umb ers
AdditionRulesforEvenandOddNum bers
1. Thesumofanynumberofevennumbersisalwayseven
2. Thesumofevennumberofoddnumbersisalwayseven
3. Thesumofoddnumberofoddnumbersisalwaysodd
SubtractionRulesforEvenandOddNum bers
1. Thedifferenceoftwoevennumbersisalwayseven
2. Thedifferenceoftwooddnumbersisalwayseven
MultiplicationRulesforEvenandOddNum bers
1. Theproductofevennumbersisalwayseven
2. Theproductofoddnumbersisalwaysodd
3. If there is at least one even number multiplied by any number of odd numbers, the product is
alwayseven
III.
Divisib ility
a.
DivisibleBy
Onewholenumberisdivisiblebyanotheriftheremainderwegetafterthedivisioniszero.
Examples
i.
36isdivisibleby4because364=9witharemainderof0.
ii.
36isdivisibleby6because366=6witharemainderof0.
iii.
b.
36isnotdivisibleby5because365=7witharemainderof1.
DivisibilityRules
By using divisibility rules we can easily find out whether a given number is divisible by another
number without actually performing the division. This helps to save time especially when working
withnumbers.
Divisibility
Rule
Description
Ex am ples
Example1:Checkif64isdivisibleby
2.
Divisibility
by2
A number is divisible by 2
ifthelastdigitiseven.i.e.,
ifthelastdigitis0or2or4
or6or8
Thelastdigitof64is4(even).Hence
64isdivisibleby2
Example2:Checkif69isdivisibleby
2.
The last digit of 69 is 9 (not even).
Hence69isnotdivisibleby2
A number is divisible
by 3 if the sum of the
digitsisdivisibleby3
Divisibility
Example1: Check if 387 is divisible

by3.
3+8+7=18.
18 is divisible by 3. Hence 387 is
divisibleby3
by3
(Please note that we

can apply this rule to

by3.
the answer again and
4+2+1=7.
7 is not divisible by 3. Hence 421 is
notdivisibleby3
againifweneed)

by4.
Divisibility
by4
ifthenumberformedbythe
last two digits is divisible
by4.
Number formed by the last two digits

=16.
divisibleby4
by4.
Number formed by the last two digits
=81.
notdivisibleby4
by5.
Last digit is 5. Hence 305 is divisible
by5.
Divisibility
by5
ifthelastdigitiseither0or
5.

by5.
Last digit is 0. Hence 420 is divisible
by5.
by5.
Last digit is 2. Hence 312 is not
divisibleby5.
by6.
546 is divisible by 2. 546 is also
divisible by 3. (Check the divisibility
ruleof2and3tofindoutthis)
Hence546isdivisibleby6
by6.
633isnotdivisibleby2though633is
Divisibility
by6
if it is divisible by both 2
and3.
by6.
635 is not divisible by 2. 635 is also
not divisible by 3. (Check
thedivisibility rule of 2 and 3 to find
outthis)
by6.
428 is divisible by 2 but 428 is not
divisible by 3.(Check the divisibility
by7.
Divisibility
by7
Givennumber=349
34-(92)=34-18=16
notdivisibleby7
To find out if a number is

divisible by 7, double the
lastdigitandsubtactitfrom
the number formed by the
remainingdigits.

by7.
Repeatthisprocessuntilwe
get at a smaller number
whose divisibility we
know.
Givennumber=364
36-(42)=36-8=28
28isdivisibleby7.Hence364isalso
divisibleby7
If this smaller number is 0

or divisible by 7, the
original number is also
divisibleby7.
Example3:Check if 3374 is divisible

by7.
Givennumber=3374
337-(42)=337-8=329
32-(92)=32-18=14
14isdivisibleby7.Hence329isalso
divisibleby7.
Hence3374isalsodivisibleby7.
by8.
The number formed by the last three
digitsof7624=624.
alsodivisibleby8.
Divisibility
by8
last three digits is divisible
by8.
Example2: Check if 129437464 is

divisibleby8.
digitsof129437464=464.
464 is divisible by 8. Hence
129437464isalsodivisibleby8.
divisibleby8.
digitsof737460=460.
460 is not divisible by 8. Hence
737460isalsonotdivisibleby8.
divisibleby9.
3+6+7+8+2+1=27
alsodivisibleby9.
Divisibility
by9
if the sum of its digits is
divisibleby9.
(Please note that we can
apply this rule to the
answer again and again if
weneed)
Example2:Checkif47128isdivisible
by9.
4+7+1+2+8=22
22isnotdivisibleby9.Hence47128
isnotdivisibleby9.
divisibleby9.
4+9+7+5+2+9+1+9+8+9=
63
Since 63 is big, we can use the same
methodtoseeifitisdivisibleby9.
6+3=9
9 is divisible by 9. Hence 63 is also
divisibleby9.
Hence4975291989isalsodivisibleby
9.
by10.
Divisibility
by10
Anumberisdivisibleby10
ifthelastdigitis0.
Lastdigitis0.Hence2570isdivisible
by10.
by10.
Last digit is not 0. Hence 5462 is not
divisibleby10
by11.
8+1+6=15
5+3=8
15-8=7
isnotdivisibleby11.
divisible by 11, find the
sum of the odd numbered
digits and the sum of the
evennumbereddigits.
Divisibility
by11
Now substract the lower

number obtained from the
biggernumberobtained.
Ifthenumberwegetis0or
divisibleby11,theoriginal
number is also divisible by
11.

divisibleby11.
2+3+1+2=8
7+7+5=19
19-8=11
11 is divisible by 11. Hence 2737152
isalsodivisibleby11.
by11.
9+7=16
5=5
16-5=11
alsodivisibleby11.
by11.
9+4=13
5+8=13
13-13=0
We got the difference as 0. Hence
9548isdivisibleby11.
by12.
720 is divisible by 3 and 720 is also
rulesof3and4tofindoutthis)
Hence720isalsodivisibleby12
by12.
916isnotdivisibleby3,though916
isdivisibleby4.(Checkthedivisibility
Divisibility
by12
ifthenumberisdivisibleby
both3and4

by12.
921 is divisible by 3. But 921 is not
divisible by 4.(Check the divisibility
by12.
827 is not divisible by 3. 827 is also
not
divisible
by
4.(Check
thedivisibility rules of 3and 4 to find
outthis)
by13.
Givennumber=349
34+(94)=34+36=70
70isnotdivisibleby13.Hence349is
notdivisibleby349

divisible by 13, multiply
thelastdigitby4andaddit
to the number formed by
theremainingdigits.
Divisibility
by13
Repeatthisprocessuntilwe
get at a smaller number
whose divisibility we
know.
If this smaller number is
divisibleby13,theoriginal
number is also divisible by
13.

by13.
Givennumber=572
57+(24)=57+8=65
alsodivisibleby13
by13.
Givennumber=68172
6817+(24)=6817+8=6825
682+(54)=682+20=702
70+(24)=70+8=78
alsodivisibleby13.
by13.
Givennumber=651
65+(14)=65+4=69
69isnotdivisibleby13.Hence651is
notdivisibleby13

by14
238 is divisible by 2 . 238 is also
divisible by 7. (Please check
outthis)
by14
outthis)
Divisibility
by14
if it is divisible by both 2
and7.

by14.
342 is divisible by 2 , but 342 is not
divisible by
7.(Please check
outthis)
by14.
175isnotdivisibleby2,thoughitis
divisible by
7.(Please check
outthis)
by14.
337isnotdivisibleby2andalsoby7
(Please check the divisibility rule of
2and7tofindoutthis)
by15
outthis)
by15
outthis)
Divisibility
by15
If it is divisible by both 3
and5.

by15.
outthis)
by15.
485isnotdivisibleby3,thoughitis
outthis)
by15.
487isnotdivisibleby3.Itisalsonot
divisible by 5 (Please check
outthis)
divisibleby16.
The number formed by the last four
digitsof5696512=6512
Divisibility
by16
last four digits is divisible
by16.

divisibleby16.
The number formed by the last four
digitsof3326976=6976
divisibleby16.

digitsof732374360=4360
732374360isalsonotdivisibleby16.
Tofindoutifanumber
is divisible by 17,
multiply the last digit
by 5 and subtract it
from the number
formed
by
the
remainingdigits.
Divisibility
by17
Repeat this process

until you arrive at a
smaller number whose
divisibilityyouknow.
If this smaller number
is divisible by 17, the
originalnumberisalso
divisibleby17.

divisibleby17.
GivenNumber=500327
50032-(75)=50032-35=49997
4999-(75)=4999-35=4964
496-(45)=496-20=476
47-(65)=47-30=17
17isdivisibleby17.Hence500327is
alsodivisibleby17
divisibleby17.
GivenNumber=521461
52146-(15)=52146-5=52141
5214-(15)=5214-5=5209
520-(95)=520-45=475
47-(55)=47-25=22
521461isnotdivisibleby17
by18.
outthis)
by18.
Divisibility
by18
A number is divisible
by 18 if it is divisible
byboth2and9.

outthis)
by18.
1182isdivisibleby2,but1182isnot
outthis)

by18.
1287isnotdivisibleby2thoughitis
outthis)
Tofindoutifanumber
is divisible by 19,
multiply the last digit
by 2 and add it to the
number formed by the
remainingdigits.
Divisibility
by19
Repeat this process

until you arrive at a
smaller number whose
divisibilityyouknow.
If this smaller number
is divisible by 19, the
originalnumberisalso
divisibleby19.
by19.
GivenNumber=74689
7468+(92)=7468+18=7486
748+(62)=748+12=760
76+(02)=76+0=76
alsodivisibleby19
by19.
GivenNumber=71234
7123+(42)=7123+8=7131
713+(12)=713+2=715
71+(52)=71+10=81
isnotdivisibleby19
by20
720 is divisible by 10. (Please check
the divisibility rule of 10 to find out
this).
Thetensdigit=2=evendigit.
by20
if it is divisible by 10 and
thetensdigitiseven.
Divisibility
by20
(There is one more rule to

seeifanumberis divisible
by 20 which is given
below.
ifthenumberisdivisibleby
1340isdivisibleby10.(Pleasecheck
this).
Thetensdigit=2=evendigit.
by20
1350isdivisibleby10.(Pleasecheck
both4and5)
this).
But the tens digit = 5 = not an even
digit.
by20
1325 is not divisible by 10 (Please
checkthedivisibilityruleof10tofind
out this) though the tens digit = 2 =
evendigit.
IV.
W hatareFactorsofaN umb erand how tofind itout?

a.
Factorsofanum ber
Ifonenumberisdivisiblebyasecondnumber,thesecondnumberisafactorofthefirstnumber
Thelowestfactorofanypositivenumber=1
Thehighestfactorofanypositivenumber=thenumberitself
Ex am ple
Thefactorsof36are1,2,3,4,6,912,18,36becauseeachofthesenumbersdivides36witha
remainderof0
b.
How tofindoutfactorsofanum ber

i.
ii.
Writedown1andthenumberitself(lowestandhighestfactors).
Checkifthegivennumberisdivisibleby2(Reference:Divisibilityby2rule)
Ifthenumberisdivisibleby2,writedown2asthesecondlowestfactoranddividethegiven
numberby2togetthesecondhighestfactor
iii.
Checkfordivisibilityby3,4,5,andsoon.tillthebeginningofthelistreachestheend
Ex am ple1:Findoutthefactorsof72
i.
Writedown1andthenumberitself(72)aslowestandhighestfactors.
1...72
ii.
72isdivisibleby2(Reference:Divisibilityby2Rule).
722=36.Hence2ndlowestfactor=2and2ndhighestfactor=36.Sowecanwriteas
1,2...36,72
iii.
723=24.Hence3rdlowestfactor=3and3rdhighestfactor=24.Sowecanwriteas
1,2,3,...24,36,72
iv.
724=18.Hence4thlowestfactor=4and4thhighestfactor=18.Sowecanwriteas
1,2,3,4,...18,24,36,72
v.
vi.
72isnotdivisibleby5(Reference:Divisibilityby5Rule)
726=12.Hence5thlowestfactor=6and5thhighestfactor=12.Sowecanwriteas
1,2,3,4,6,...12,18,24,36,72
vii.
viii.
72isnotdivisibleby7(Reference:Divisibilityby7Rule)
728=9.Hence6thlowestfactor=8and6thhighestfactor=9.
Nowourlistiscompleteandthefactorsof72are
1,2,3,4,6,8,912,18,24,36,72
Ex am ple2:Findoutthefactorsof22
i.
Writedown1andthenumberitself(22)aslowestandhighestfactors
1...22
ii.
222=11.Hence2ndlowestfactor=2and2ndhighestfactor=11.Sowecanwriteas
1,2...11,22
iii.
22isnotdivisibleby3(Reference:Divisibilityby3Rule).
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x.
Nowourlistiscompleteandthefactorsof22are
1,2,11,22
c.
I m portantP ropertiesofFactors
If a number is divisible by another number, then it is also divisible by all the factors of that
number.
Example:108isdivisibleby36because10638=3withremainderof0.
Thefactorsof36are1,2,3,4,6,912,18,36becauseeachofthesenumbersdivides36with
aremainderof0.
Hence,108isalsodivisiblebyeachofthenumbers1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36.
V.
W hatareP rimeN umb ersand CompositeN umbers?

a.
P rim eNum bers

Aprimenumberisapositveintegerthatisdivisiblebyitselfand1only.Primenumberswillhave
exactlytwointegerfactors.
Examples:2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,etc.
Pleasenotethefollowingfacts
Zero is not a prime number because zero is divisible by more than two factors. Zero can be
dividedby1,2,3etc.
(01=0,02=0...)
Oneisnotaprimenumberbecauseitdoesnothavetwofactors.Itisdivisiblebyonly1
b.
Com positeNum bers

Composite numbers are numbers that have more than two factors. A composite number
isdivisiblebyatleastonenumberotherthan1anditself.
Examples:4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15,16,18,20,etc.
Pleasenotethatzeroand1areneitherprimenumbersnorcompositenumbers.
Everywholenumberiseitherprimeorcomposite,withtwoexceptions0and1whichareneither
primenorcomposite
VI.
W hatareP rimeFactorizationand P rimefactors?

a.
P rim efactor
Thefactorswhichareprimenumbersarecalledprimefactors
b.
P rim efactorization
Prime factorization of a number is the expression of the number as the product of its prime
factors
Ex am ple1:
Prime factorization of 280 can be written as 280 = 2 2 2 5 7 = 23 5 7 and the
primefactorsof280are2,5and7
Ex am ple2:
Prime factorization of 72 can be written as 72 = 2 2 2 3 3 = 23 32 and the prime
factorsof72are2and3
c.
How tofindoutprim efactorizationandprim efactorsofanum ber

Repeated Division Method : In order to find out the prime factorization of a number, repeatedly
dividethenumberbythesmallestprimenumberpossible(2,3,5,7,11,...)untilthequotientis1.
Ex am ple1:FindoutPrimefactorizationof280
2 280
2 140
2 70
5 35
7 7
1
Hence,primefactorizationof280canbewrittenas280=22257=23 5 7 and
theprimefactorsof280are2,5and7
Ex am ple2:FindoutPrimefactorizationof72
2 72
2 36
2 18
3 9
3 3
1
Hence, prime factorization of 72 can be written as 72 = 2 2 2 3 3 = 23 32 and the
primefactorsof72are2and3
d.
I m portantP roperties
Every whole number greater than 1 can be uniquely expressed as the product of its prime
factors.Forexample,700=22527
VII.
Multip les
Multiplesofawholenumberaretheproductsofthatnumberwith1,2,3,4,andsoon
Example:Multiplesof3are3,6,9,12,15,...
Ifanumberxdividesanothernumberyexactlywitharemainderof0,wecansaythatxisafactor
ofyandyisamultipleofx
For instance, 4 divides 36 exactly with a remainder of 0. Hence 4 is a factor of 36 and 36 is a
multipleof4
VIII.
W hatisL eastCommonMultip le(LCM)and how tofind LCM

a.
LeastCom m onMultiple(LCM)
LeastCommonMultiple(LCM)oftwoormorenumbersisthesmallestnumberthatisamultiple
ofallthenumbers
Example: LCM of 3 and 4 = 12 because 12 is the smallest multiple which is common to 3 and 4
(Inotherwords,12isthesmallestnumberwhichisdivisiblebyboth3and4)
WecanfindoutLCMusingprimefactorizationmethodordivisionmethod
b.
How tofindoutLCMusingprim efactorizationm ethod

Step1:Expresseachnumberasaproductofprimefactors.
Step2:LCM=Theproductofhighestpowersofallprimefactors
Ex am ple1:FindoutLCMof8and14
Step1 : Express each number as a product of prime factors. (Reference: Prime
FactorizationandhowtofindoutPrimeFactorization)
8=23
14=27
Heretheprimefactorsare2and7
Thehighestpowerof2here=23
HenceLCM=237=56
Ex am ple2:FindoutLCMof18,24,9,36and90
Step1 : Express each number as a product of prime factors (Reference: Prime
FactorizationandhowtofindoutPrimeFactorization).
18=232
24=233
9=32
36=2332
90=2532
Heretheprimefactorsare2,3and5
HenceLCM=23325=360
c.
How tofindoutLCMusingDivisionMethod(shortcut)
Step1:Writethegivennumbersinahorizontallineseparatedbycommas.
Step 2 : Divide the given numbers by the smallest prime number which can exactly divide at
leasttwoofthegivennumbers.
Step3:Writethequotientsandundividednumbersinalinebelowthefirst.
Step4:Repeattheprocessuntilwereachastagewherenoprimefactoriscommontoanytwo
numbersintherow.
Step5:LCM=Theproductofallthedivisorsandthenumbersinthelastline.
Ex am ple1:FindoutLCMof8and14
2 8,14
4,7
HenceLeastcommonmultiple(L.C.M)of8and14=247=56
Ex am ple2:FindoutLCMof18,24,9,36and90
2 18,24,9,36,90
2 9,12,9,18,45
3 9,6,9,9,45
3 3,2,3,3,15
1,2,1,1,5
HenceLeastcommonmultiple(L.C.M)of18,24,9,36and90=223325=360
IX.
W hat is H ig hest Common Factor (H CF) or Greatest Common Measure (GCM) or

GreatestCommonDivisor(GCD)and H ow tofind itout?
a.
HighestCom m onFactor(H.C.F)orGreatestCom m onMeasure(G.C.M)orGreatestCom m on

Divisor(G.C.D)
Highest Common Factor(H.C.F) or Greatest Common Measure(G.C.M) or Greatest Common
Divisor (G.C.D) of two or more numbers is the greatest number which divides each of them
exactly.
Example:HCForGCMorGCDof60and75=15because15isthehighestnumberwhichdivides
both60and75exactly.
WecanfindoutHCFusingprimefactorizationmethodordivisionmethod
b.
How tofindoutHCFusingprim efactorizationm ethod

Step1:Expresseachnumberasaproductofprimefactors.(Reference:PrimeFactorizationand
howtofindoutPrimeFactorization)
Step2 : HCF is the product of all common prime factors using the least power of each common
primefactor.
Ex am ple1:FindoutHCFof60and75(Reference:PrimeFactorizationandhowtofindoutPrime
Factorization)
Step1:Expresseachnumberasaproductofprimefactors.
60=2235
75=352
primefactor.
Here,commonprimefactorsare3and5
Theleastpowerof3here=3
Hence,HCF=35=15
Ex am ple2:FindoutHCFof36,24and12
36=2232
24=233
12=223
primefactor.
Here2and3arecommonprimefactors.
Hence,HCF=223=12
36=2232
27=33
80=245
Step2 : HCF = HCF is the product of all common prime factors using the least power of each
commonprimefactor.
Hereyoucanseethattherearenocommonprimefactors.
Hence,HCF=1
c.
How tofindoutHCFusingprim efactorizationm ethod-Bydividingthenum bers(shortcut)

Step1:Writethegivennumbersinahorizontallineseparatedbycommas.
Step2:Dividethegivennumbersbythesmallestprimenumberwhichcanexactlydivideallof
thegivennumbers.
Step3:Writethequotientsinalinebelowthefirst.
Step4:Repeattheprocessuntilwereachastagewherenocommonprimefactorexistsforall
ofthenumbers.
Step 5 :We can see that the factors mentioned in the left side clearly divides all the numbers
exactlyandtheyarecommonprimefactors.TheirproductistheHCF
Ex am ple1:FindoutHCFof60and75
3 60,75
5 20,25
4,5
We can see that the prime factors mentioned in the left side clearly divides all the numbers
exactly and they are common prime factors. no common prime factor is exists for the numbers
cameatthebottom.
HenceHCF=35=15.
2 36,24,12
2 18,12,6
3 9,6,3
3,2,1
cameatthebottom.
HenceHCF=223=12.
2 36,24,48
2 18,12,24
3 9,6,12
3,2,4
cameatthebottom.
HenceHCF=223=12.
d.
How tofindoutHCFusingdivisionm ethod(shortcut)
i.
TofindoutHCFoftw ogivennum bersusingdivisionm ethod

Step1:Dividethelargernumberbythesmallernumber
Step2:Divisorofstep1isdividedbyitsremainder
Step3:Divisorofstep2isdividedbyitsremainder.Continuethisprocesstillweget0as
remainder.
Step4:DivisiorofthelaststepistheHCF.
ii.
TofindoutHCFofthreegivennum bersusingdivisionm ethod

Step1:FindoutHCFofanytwonumbers.
Step2:FindouttheHCFofthethirdnumberandtheHCFobtainedinstep1
Step3:HCFobtainedinstep2willbetheHCFofthethreenumbers
iii.
TofindoutHCFofm orethanthreenum bersusingdivisionm ethod

In a similar way as explained for three numbers, we can find out HCF of more than three
numbersalso
60)75(1
60
15)60(4
60
0
HenceHCFof60and75=15
12)48(4
48
0
3224)3556(1
3224
332)3224(9
2988
236)332(1
236
96)236(2
192
44)96(2
88
8)44(5
40
4)8(2
8
0
Ex am ple3:FindoutHCFof9,27,and48
TakenanytwonumbersandfindouttheirHCFfirst.Say,let'sfindoutHCFof9and27initially.

9)27(3
27
0
HenceHCFof9and27=9
HCFof9,27,48=HCFof[(HCFof9,27)and48]=HCFof[9and48]
9)48(5
45
3)9(3
9
0
Hence,HCFof9,27,48=3
5)7(1
5
2)5(2
4
1)2(2
2
0
HenceHCFof5and7=1
X.
H ow tocalculateL CMand H CFforfractions

LeastCom m onMultiple(L.C.M.)forfractions
LCMforfractions=
LCMofNumerators
HCFofDenominators
Exam ple1:FindoutLCMof
LCM=
LCM(1,3,3)
3
=
2
HCF(2,8,4)
Exam ple2:FindoutLCMof
LCM=
1 3 3
, ,
2 8 4
LCM(2,3)
6
=
5
HCF(5,10)
2 3
,
5 10
XI.
H ig hestCommonMultip le(H .C.F)forfractions
HCFforfractions=
HCFofNumerators
LCMofDenominators
Exam ple1:FindoutHCFof
HCF=
HCF(3,6,9)
3
=
220
LCM(5,11,20)
Exam ple2:FindoutHCFof
HCF=
XII.
3 6
9
,
,
5 11 20
4 2
,
5 3
HCF(4,2)
2
=
15
LCM(5,3)
H ow tocalculateL CMand H CFforDecimals

Step 1 : Make the same number of decimal places in all the given numbers by suffixing zero(s) in
requirednumbersasneeded.
Step2:NowfindtheLCM/HCFofthesenumberswithoutdecimal.
Step 3 : Put the decimal point in the result obtained in step 2 leaving as many digits on its right as
thereareineachofthenumbers.
Exam ple1:FindtheLCMandHCFof.63,1.05,2.1
Step 1 : Make the same number of decimal places in all the given numbers by suffixing zero(s) in
requirednumbersasneeded.
i.e.,thenumberscanbewritttenas.63,1.05,2.10
Step2:NowfindtheLCM/HCFofthesenumberswithoutdecimal.
Withoutdecimal,thenumberscanbewrittenas63,105and210.
LCM(63,105and210)=630
HCF(63,105and210)=21
Step 3 : Put the decimal point in the result obtained in step 2 leaving as many digits on its right as
thereareineachofthenumbers.
i.e.,here,weneedtoputdecimalpointintheresultobtainedinstep2leavingtwodigitsonitsright.
i.e.,theLCM(.63,1.05,2.1)=6.30
HCF(.63,1.05,2.1)=.21
XIII.
H ow tocomp arefractions?
a.
Type1:Fractionsw ithsam edenom inators.

Compare
3
1
and
5
5
Thesefractionshavesamedenominator.Sojustcomparethenumerators.Biggerthenumerator,
biggerthenumber.
3>1.Hence
3
1
>
5
5
Ex am ple2:Compare
2
3
8
and and
7
7
7
Thesefractionshavesamedenominator.Sojustcomparethenumerators.Biggerthenumerator,
biggerthenumber.
8>3>2.Hence
b.
8
3
2
>
>
7
7
7
Type2:Fractionsw ithsam enum erators.

Ex am ple1:Compare
3
3
and
5
8
These fractions have same numerator. So just compare the denominators. Bigger the
denominator,smallerthenumber.
8>5.Hence
3
3
<
8
5
Ex am ple2:Compare
7
7
7
and and
8
2
5
These fractions have same numerator. So just compare the denominators. Bigger the
denominator,smallerthenumber.
8>5>2.Hence
c.
7
7
7
<
<
8
5
2
Type3:Fractionsw ithdifferentnum eratorsanddenom inators.

Ex am ple1:Compare
3
4
and
5
7
Tocomparesuchfractions,findoutLCMofthedenominators.Here,LCM(5,7)=35
Now , convert each of the given fractions into an equivalent fraction with 35 (LCM) as the
denominator.
Thedenominatorof
3
37
21
=
=
5
57
35
3
is5.5needstobemultipliedwith7toget35.Hence,
5
Thedenominatorof
4
is7.7needstobemultipliedwith5toget35.Hence,
7
4
45
20
=
=
7
75
35
21
20
>
35
35
Hence,
3
4
>
5
7
Or
Convertthefractionstodecimals
3
= .6
5
4
= .5. . .
7
(Neednotfindoutthecompletedecimalvaluejustfindoutuptowhatisrequiredfor
comparison.Inthiscasethefirstdigititselfissufficienttodothecomparison)
.6>.5...
Hence,
XIV.
3
4
>
5
7
Co-p rimeN umb ersorRelativelyP rimeN umbers

Twonumbersaresaidtobeco-prime(alsospelledcoprime)orrelativelyprimeiftheydonothavea
commonfactorotherthan1.i.e.,iftheirHCFis1.
Exam ple1:3,5areco-primenumbers(BecauseHCFof3and5=1)
Exam ple2:14,15areco-primenumbers(BecauseHCFof14and15=1)
A set of numbers is said to be pairwise co-prime (or pairwise relatively prime) if every two distinct
numbersinthesetareco-prime
Exam ple1 : The numbers 10, 7, 33, 13 are pairwise co-prime, because HCF of any pair of the
numbersinthisis1.
HCF(10,7)=HCF(10,33)=HCF(10,13)=HCF(7,33)=HCF(7,13)=HCF(33,13)=1.
Exam ple2:The numbers 10, 7, 33, 14 are not pairwise co-prime because HCF(10, 14) = 2 1 and
HCF(7,14)=71.
Ifanumberisdivisiblebytwoco-primenumbers,thenthenumberisdivisiblebytheirproductalso.
Example
3,5areco-primenumbers(BecauseHCFof3and5=1)
14325isdivisibleby3and5.
35=15
Hence14325isdivisibleby15also
If a number is divisible by more than two pairwise co-prime numbers, then the number is divisible
bytheirproductalso.
Example1:Thenumbers3,4,5arepairwiseco-primebecauseHCFofanypairofnumbersinthis
is1
1440isdivisibleby3,4and5.
345=60.Hence1440isalsodivisibleby60
Example2
Thenumbers3,4,9arenotpairwiseco-primebecauseHCF(3,9)=31
1440isdivisibleby3,4and9.
3X4X9=108.However1440isnotdivisibleby108as3,4,9arenotpairwiseco-prime
XV.
I mp ortantP ointstoN oteonL CMand H CF
Productoftwonumbers=ProductoftheirHCFandLCM.
Example
LCM(8,14)=56
HCF(8,14)=2
LCM(8,14)HCF(8,14)=562=112
814=112
HenceLCM(8,14)HCF(8,14)=814
Important Formulas - Height and Distance

1. Trigonometric Basics
sin =
opposite side y
=
hypotenuse
r
cos =
adjacent side x
=
hypotenuse
r
tan =
opposite side y
=
adjacent side x
csc =
hypotenuse
r
=
opposite side y
sec =
hypotenuse
r
=
adjacent side x
cot =
adjacent side x
=
opposite side y
From Pythagorean theorem,

triangle mentioned above
x2 + y 2 = r 2
for the right angled
2. Basic Trigonometric Values
in degrees in radians
sin
cos tan
30
1
2
3
2
45
60
3
2
1
2
90
Not defined
1
3
1
3. Trigonometric Formulas
Degrees to Radians and vice versa
360 = 2radian
Trigonometry Quotient Formulas
tan =
sin
cos
cot =
cos
sin
Trigonometry - Reciprocal Formulas
csc =
1
sin
sec =
1
cos
cot =
1
tan
Trigonometry - Pythagorean Formulas
sin2 + cos2 = 1
sec2 tan 2 = 1
csc2 cot2 = 1
4. Angle of Elevation
Suppose a man from a point O looks up at an object P, placed above

the level of his eye. Then, angle of elevation is the angle between
the horizontal and the line from the object to the observer's eye
(the line of sight).
i.e., angle of elevation =
AOP
5. Angle of Depression
Suppose a man from a point O looks down at an object P, placed

below the level of his eye. Then, angle of depression is the angle
between the horizontal and the observer's line of sight
i.e., angle of depression =
AOP
6. Angle Bisector Theorem
Consider a triangle ABC as shown above. Let the angle bisector of

angle A intersect side BC at a point D. Then
BD
AB
DC
AC
(Note that an angle bisector divides the angle into two angles with
equal measures.
i.e.,
BAD =
CAD in the above diagram)
7. Few Important Values to memorise
2 = 1.414
3 = 1.732
5 = 2.236
1. Two ships are sailing in the sea on the two sides of a lighthouse. The angle of elevation of the top of
the lighthouse is observed from the ships are 30 and 45 respectively. If the lighthouse is 100 m high, the
distance between the two ships is:
A. 300 m
B. 173 m
C. 273 m
D. 200 m

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let BD be the lighthouse and A and C be the positions of the

ships.
Then, BD = 100 m,
BAD = 30 ,
BCD = 45
BD
BA
1
100
=
3 BA
tan 30 =
BA = 100 3
BD
BC
100
1=
BC
BC = 100
tan 45 =
Distance between the two ships = AC = BA + BC
= 100 3 + 100 = 100( 3 + 1) = 100(1.73 + 1) = 100 2.73 = 273 m
2. A man standing at a point P is watching the top of a tower, which makes an angle of elevation of 30
with the man's eye. The man walks some distance towards the tower to watch its top and the angle of
the elevation becomes 45. What is the distance between the base of the tower and the point P?
3 3 units
A. 9 units
B.
C. Data inadequate
D. 12 units

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
SR
QR
SR
SR
tan 30 =
=
PR
(PQ + QR)
tan 45 =
two equations and 3 variables. Hence we can not find the

required value with the given data.
(Note that if one of SR, PQ, QR is known, this becomes two
equations and two variables and if that was the case, we could
have found out the required value)
3. From a point P on a level ground, the angle of elevation of the top tower is 30. If the tower is 200 m
high, the distance of point P from the foot of the tower is:
A. 346 m
B. 400 m
C. 312 m
D. 298 m

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
RQ
PQ
1
200
=
3 PQ
PQ = 200 3 = 200 1.73 = 346 m
tan 30 =
4. The angle of elevation of the sun, when the length of the shadow of a tree is equal to the height of the
tree, is:
A. None of these
B. 60
C. 45
D. 30

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Consider the diagram shown above where QR represents the

tree and PQ represents its shadow
We have, QR = PQ
Let
QPR =
tan =
QR
=1
PQ
=> = 45
(since QR = PQ)
i.e., required angle of elevation = 45
5. An observer 2 m tall is 10 3 m away from a tower. The angle of elevation from his eye to the top of
the tower is 30. The height of the tower is:
A. None of these
B. 12 m
C. 14 m
D. 10 m

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
SR = PQ = 2 m
PS = QR = 10 3 m
TS
tan 30 =
PS
1
TS
=
3 10 3
10 3
TS =
= 10 m
3
TR = TS + SR = 10 + 2 = 12 m
6. The angle of elevation of a ladder leaning against a wall is 60 and the foot of the ladder is 12.4 m
away from the wall. The length of the ladder is:
A. 14.8 m
B. 6.2 m
C. 12.4 m
D. 24.8 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Consider the diagram shown above where PR represents the

ladder and RQ represents the wall.
cos 60 =
PQ
PR
1 12.4
=
2
PR
PR = 2 12.4 = 24.8 m
7. A man on the top of a vertical observation tower observers a car moving at a uniform speed coming
directly towards it. If it takes 8 minutes for the angle of depression to change from 30 to 45, how soon
after this will the car reach the observation tower?
A. 8 min 17 second
B. 10 min 57 second
C. 14 min 34 second
D. 12 min 23 second

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Consider the diagram shown above. Let AB be the tower. Let D

and C be the positions of the car
Then,
ADC = 30 ,
ACB = 45
Let AB = h, BC = x, CD = y
tan 45 =
AB h
=
BC
x
h
x
=> h = x ------(1)
=> 1 =
AB
AB
h
=
=
BD (BC + CD)
x+y
1
h
=>
=
3 x+y
=> x + y = 3h
=> y = 3h - x
=> y = 3h h ( Substituted the value of x from equation 1 )
=> y = h( 3 1)
tan 30 =
Given that distance y is covered in 8 minutes
i.e, distance h( 3 1) is covered in 8 minutes
Time to travel distance x

= Time to travel distance h ( Since x = h as per equation 1).
Let distance h is covered in t minutes
since distance is proportional to the time when the speed is
constant, we have
h( 3 1) 8
h t
---(A)
--- (B)
(A)
h( 3 1)
8
=>
=
h
t
(B)
8
=> ( 3 1) =
t
8
8
8
800
=> t =
=
=
=
minutes
.73
73
(1.73 1)
( 3 1)
70
= 10
minutes 10 minutes 57 seconds
73
8. A man is watching from the top of a tower a boat speeding away from the tower. The boat makes an
angle of depression of 45 with the man's eye when at a distance of 100 metres from the tower. After 10
seconds, the angle of depression becomes 30. What is the approximate speed of the boat, assuming that
it is running in still water?
A. 26.28 km/hr
B. 32.42 km/hr
C. 24.22 km/hr
D. 31.25 km/hr

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Consider the diagram shown above.

Let AB be the tower. Let C and D be the positions of the boat
Then,
ACB = 45 ,
AB
BC
AB
=> 1 =
100
=> AB = 100
ADC = 30 , BC = 100 m
tan 45 =
------(1)
AB
BD
1
100
=>
=
( Substituted the value of AB from equation 1)
3 BD
=> BD = 100 3
CD = (BD - BC) = (100 3 100) = 100( 3 1)
tan 30 =
It is given that the distance CD is covered in 10 seconds.
i.e., the distance 100( 3 1) is covered in 10 seconds

Required speed =
= 7.3
100( 3 1)
Distance
=
= 10(1.73 1) = 7.3 meter/seconds
Time
10
18
km/hr = 26.28 km/hr
5
9. The top of a 15 metre high tower makes an angle of elevation of 60 with the bottom of an electronic
pole and angle of elevation of 30 with the top of the pole. What is the height of the electric pole?
A. 5 metres
B. 8 metres
C. 10 metres
D. 12 metres

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Consider the diagram shown above. AC represents the tower

and DE represents the pole
Given that AC = 15 m ,
ADB = 30,
AEC = 60
Let DE = h
Then, BC = DE = h, AB = (15-h) ( AC=15 and BC = h), BD = CE
AC
CE
15
=> 3 =
CE
15
=> CE =
3
tan 60 =
--- (1)
AB
BD
15 h
=
BD
15 h
=
15
(
)
3
tan 30 =
1
3
1
=>
3
=>
=> (15 h) =
( BD = CE and Substituted the value of CE from equation 1 )
15
3 3
=> h = 15 5 = 10 m
15
=5
3
i.e., height of the electric pole = 10 m
10. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a certain point is 30. If the observer moves 40 m
towards the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower increases by 15. The height of the
tower is:
A. 64.2 m
B. 62.2 m
C. 52.2 m
D. 54.6 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let DC be the tower and A and B be the positions of the

observer such that AB = 40 m
We have
DAC = 30,
DBC = 45
Let DC = h
DC
AC
1
h
=>
=
3 AC
=> AC = h 3
tan 30 =
DC
BC
h
=> 1 =
BC
=> BC = h
------(1)
tan 45 =
------(2)
We know that, AB = (AC - BC)

=> 40 = (AC - BC)
=> 40 = (h 3 h)
[ from (1) & (2)]
=> 40 = h( 3 1)
( 3 + 1)
40( 3 + 1)
40
40
=
=
(3 1)
( 3 1)
( 3 1)
( 3 + 1)
40( 3 + 1)
=
= 20( 3 + 1) = 20(1.73 + 1) = 20 2.73 = 54.6 m
2
=> h =
11. On the same side of a tower, two objects are located. Observed from the top of the tower, their
angles of depression are 45 and 60. If the height of the tower is 600 m, the distance between the
objects is approximately equal to :
A. 272 m
B. 284 m
C. 288 m
D. 254 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let DC be the tower and A and B be the objects as shown

above.
Given that DC = 600 m ,
DC
BC
600
3=
BC
600
BC=
3
DAC = 45,
DBC = 60
tan 60 =
tan 45 =
600
AC
AC= 600
------ (1)
DC
AC
1=
------ (2)
Distance between the objects = AB = (AC - BC)

600
= 600
[ from (1) and (2) ]
3
= 600 [1
1
31
31
3 600 3( 3 1)
] = 600 [
] = 600 [
]
=
3
3
3
3
3
= 200 3( 3 1) = 200(3 3) = 200(3 1.73) = 254 m
12. A ladder 10 m long just reaches the top of a wall and makes an angle of 60 with the wall.Find the
distance of the foot of the ladder from the wall ( 3 = 1.73)
A. 4.32 m
B. 17.3 m
C. 5 m
D. 8.65 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let BA be the ladder and AC be the wall as shown above.

Then the distance of the foot of the ladder from the wall = BC
Given that BA = 10 m ,
BAC = 60
BC
BA
3 BC
=
2
10
3
BC = 10
= 5 1.73 = 8.65 m
2
sin 60 =
13. From a tower of 80 m high, the angle of depression of a bus is 30. How far is the bus from the tower?
A. 40 m
B. 138.4 m
C. 46.24 m
D. 160 m

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let AC be the tower and B be the position of the bus.

Then BC = the distance of the bus from the foot of the tower.
Given that height of the tower, AC = 80 m and the angle of
depression,
ABC =
tan 30 =
DAB = 30
DAB = 30
( Because DA || BC)
AC
BC
80
BC
80
=> BC =
=
tan 30
=> tan 30 =
80
1
(
)
3
= 80 1.73 = 138.4 m
i.e., Distance of the bus from the foot of the tower = 138.4 m
14. The angle of elevation of the top of a lighthouse 60 m high, from two points on the ground on its
opposite sides are 45 and 60. What is the distance between these two points?
A. 45 m
B. 30 m
C. 103.8 m
D. 94.6 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let BD be the lighthouse and A and C be the two points on

ground.
Then, BD, the height of the lighthouse = 60 m
BAD = 45 ,
BCD = 60
BD
BA
60
1=
BA
BA = 60 m
tan 45 =
------ (1)
BD
BC
60
3=
BC
60
60 3
60 3
BC =
=
=
= 20 3 = 20 1.73 = 34.6 m
3
3 3 3
tan 60 =
------ (2)
Distance between the two points A and C = AC = BA + BC

= 60 + 34.6
[ Substituted the value of BA and BC from (1)
and (2)]
= 94.6 m
15. From the top of a hill 100 m high, the angles of depression of the top and bottom of a pole are 30 and
60 respectively. What is the height of the pole?
A. 52 m
B. 50 m
C. 66.67 m
D. 33.33 m

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Consider the diagram shown above. AC represents the hill and

DE represents the pole
Given that AC = 100 m
XAD =
ADB = 30
( AX || BD )
XAE =
AEC = 60
( AX || CE)
Let DE = h
Then, BC = DE = h, AB = (100-h)
= CE
AC
CE
100
=> 3 =
CE
100
=> CE =
3
( AC=100 and BC = h), BD
tan 60 =
AB
BD
100 h
=
BD
100 h
=
100
(
)
3
--- (1)
tan 30 =
1
3
1
=>
3
=>
( BD = CE and Substituted the value of CE from equation 1 )
1
100 100
=
= 33.33
3
3 3
=> h = 100 33.33 = 66.67 m
=> (100 h) =
i.e., the height of the pole = 66.67 m
16. A vertical tower stands on ground and is surmounted by a vertical flagpole of height 18 m. At a point
on the ground, the angle of elevation of the bottom and the top of the flagpole are 30 and 60
respectively. What is the height of the tower?
A. 9 m
B. 10.40 m
C. 15.57 m
D. 12 m

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let DC be the vertical tower and AD be the vertical flagpole.

Let B be the point of observation.
Given that AD = 18 m,
ABC = 60,
Let DC be h.
DC
BC
1
h
=
3 BC
BC
h=
------ (1)
3
tan 30 =
AC
BC
18 + h
3=
BC
18+h = BC 3
tan 60 =
------ (2)
DBC = 30
BC
3
(1)
h
=>
=
18 + h
(2)
(BC 3)
1
3
=> 3h = 18 + h
=> 2h = 18
=> h = 9 m
i.e., the height of the tower = 9 m
17. A balloon leaves the earth at a point A and rises vertically at uniform speed. At the end of 2 minutes,
John finds the angular elevation of the balloon as 60. If the point at which John is standing is 150 m away
from point A, what is the speed of the balloon?
A. 0.63 meter/sec
B. 2.16 meter/sec
C. 3.87 meter/sec
D. 0.72 meter/sec

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let C be the position of John. Let A be the position at which

balloon leaves the earth and B be the position of the balloon
after 2 minutes.
Given that CA = 150 m,
BA
CA
BA
3=
150
BA = 150 3
tan 60 =
BCA = 60
i.e, the distance travelled by the balloon = 150 3 meters

time taken = 2 min = 2 60 = 120 seconds
Distance
150 3
Speed =
=
= 1.25 3 = 1.25 1.73 = 2.16 meter/second
Time
120
18. The angles of depression and elevation of the top of a wall 11 m high from top and bottom of a tree
are 60 and 30 respectively. What is the height of the tree?
A. 22 m
B. 44 m
C. 33 m
D. None of these

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let DC be the wall, AB be the tree.

Given that
DBC = 30,
DC
BC
1
11
=
3 BC
BC = 11 3 m
AE = BC =11 3 m
DAE = 60, DC = 11 m
tan 30 =
------ (1)
ED
AE
ED
3=
[ Substituted the value of AE from (1)]
11 3
ED =11 3 3 = 11 3 = 33
tan 60 =
Height of the tree = AB = EC = (ED + DC) = (33 + 11) = 44 m
19. Two vertical poles are 200 m apart and the height of one is double that of the other. From the middle
point of the line joining their feet, an observer finds the angular elevations of their tops to be
complementary. Find the heights of the poles.
A. 141 m and 282 m
B. 70.5 m and 141 m
C. 65 m and 130 m
D. 130 m and 260 m

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let AB and CD be the poles with heights h and 2h respectively

Given that distance between the poles, BD = 200 m
Let E be the middle point of BD.
Let
AEB = and
CED = (90-)
elevations are complementary )
( given that angular
Since E is the middle point of BD, we have BE = ED = 100 m

From the right
ABE,
AB
BE
h
tan =
100
h = 100 tan
------ (1)
From the right
EDC,
tan =
tan(90 ) =
CD
ED
2h
100
2h = 100 cot
cot =
[ tan(90 ) = cot ]
------ (2)
(1) (2) => 2h 2 = 1002
[ tan cot = tan
1
= 1]
tan
=> 2h = 100
100 100 2
=> h =
=
= 50 2 = 50 1.41 = 70.5
2
22
2h = 2 70.5 = 141
i.e., the height of the poles are 70.5 m and 141 m.
20. To a man standing outside his house, the angles of elevation of the top and bottom of a window are
60 and 45 respectively. If the height of the man is 180 cm and he is 5 m away from the wall, what is the
length of the window?
A. 8.65 m
B. 2 m
C. 2.5 m
D. 3.65 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let AB be the man and CD be the window

Given that the height of the man, AB = 180 cm, the distance
between the man and the wall, BE = 5 m,
DAF = 45 ,
CAF = 60
From the diagram, AF = BE = 5 m
From the right
tan 45 =
DF
5
DF = 5
AFD,
DF
AF
1=
------ (1)
From the right
AFC,
CF
AF
CF
3=
5
CF = 5 3
------ (2)
tan 60 =
Length of the window = CD = (CF - DF)
= 5 3 5
[ Substitued the value of CF and DF from (1) and (2)]
= 5 ( 3 1) = 5(1.73 1) = 5 0.73 = 3.65 m
21. The elevation of the summit of a mountain from its foot is 45. After ascending 2 km towards the
mountain upon an incline of 30,the elevation changes to 60. What is the approximate height of the
mountain?
A. 1.2 km
B. 0.6 km
C. 1.4 km
D. 2.7 km

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let A be the foot and C be the summit of a mountain.

Given that
CAB = 45
From the diagram, CB is the height of the mountain. Let CB = x

Let D be the point after ascending 2 km towards the mountain
such that
AD = 2 km and given that
DAY = 30
It is also given that from the point D, the elevation is 60

i.e.,
CDE = 60
From the right
CB
AB
x
=> 1 =
AB
=> AB = x
ABC,
tan 45 =
From the right
[ CB = x (the height of the mountain)]

------ (eq:1)
AYD,
DY
AD
1 DY
=> =
( Given that AD = 2)
2
2
=> DY = 1
------ (eq:2)
AY
cos 30 =
AD
3 AY
=>
=
( Given that AD = 2)
2
2
=> AY = 3
------ (eq:3)
sin 30 =
From the right
tan 60 =
CED,
CE
DE
(CB - EB)
YB
(CB - DY)
=> tan 60 =
(AB - AY)
(x - 1)
=> tan 60 =
(x - 3)
(x - 1)
=> 3 =
(x - 3)
=> tan 60 =
[CE = (CB - EB) and DE = YB)]

[ EB = DY and YB = (AB - AY)]
[CB = x, DY = 1(eq:2), AB=x (eq:1) and AY = 3(eq : 3)]
=> x 3 3 = x 1
=> x( 3 1) = 2
=> 0.73x = 2
2
=> x =
= 2.7
0.73
i.e., the height of the mountain = 2.7 km
22. Two persons are on either sides of a tower of height 50 m. The persons observers the top of the
tower at an angle of elevation of 30 and 60. If a car crosses these two persons in 10 seconds, what is
the speed of the car?
24 3 km/hr
24
C.
km/hr
3
A.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
B. None of these
D.
20 3
km/hr
3
Let BD be the tower and A and C be the positions of the

persons.
Given that BD = 50 m,
From the right
BAD = 30 ,
BCD = 60
ABD,
BD
BA
1
50
=
3 BA
BA = 50 3
tan 30 =
BD
BC
50
3=
BC
50
50 3
50 3
BC =
=
=
3
3 3 3
tan 60 =
Distance between the two persons = AC = BA + BC
= 50 3 +
50 3
50
200 3
)=
= 3 (50 +
m
3
3
3
i.e., the distance travelled by the car in 10 seconds =
Speed of the car =

=
Distance
=
Time
200 3
)
3
20 3 18
km/hr = 24 3 km/hr
3
5
10
200 3
m
3
20 3
meter/second
3
23. Find the angle of elevation of the sun when the shadow of a pole of 18 m height is
A. 30
B. 60
C. 45
D. None of these
6 3 m long?

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let RQ be the pole and PQ be the shadow
Given that RQ = 18 m and PQ = 6 3 m

Let the angle of elevation,
From the right
RPQ =
PQR,
RQ
18
3
33
3 3
=
=
=
=
=3
PQ
3
6 3
3 3 3
= tan 1 ( 3) = 60
tan =
24. The angle of elevation of the top of the tower from a point on the ground is
3
sin 1 ( ) . If the point
5
of observation is 20 meters away from the foot of the tower, what is the height of the tower?
A. 9 m
B. 18 m
C. 15 m
D. 12 m

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Consider a right-angled triangle PQR as shown below.
Let QR = 3 and PR = 5 such that sin =
3
3
[i.e., = sin 1 ( )]
5
5
=> PQ = PR 2 QR2
( Pythagorean theorem)
= 52 32 = 4
3
i.e., when = sin 1 ( ) , PQ : QR = 4 : 3
------(eq:1)
5
Now Let's solve the question. Let P be the point of observation

and QR be the tower as shown the below diagram.
3
Given that = sin 1 ( ) and PQ = 20 m
5
We know that PQ : QR = 4 : 3
(From eq:1)
i.e., 20 : QR = 4 : 3
=> 20 3 = QR 4
=> QR = 15 m
i.e., height of the tower = 15 m
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------
Let P be the point of observation and QR be the tower.
3
Given that = sin 1 ( ) and PQ = 20 m
5
Let the height of the tower, QR = h and PR = x
From the right
sin =
PQR,
QR
PR
3
h
=> sin [sin 1 ( )] =
5
x
3
h
=> =
5
x
5h
=> x =
------ (eq:1)
3
From Pythagorean theorem, we have
PQ 2 + QR2 = PR 2
202 + h 2 = x2
5h
202 + h 2 = ( )
3
( Substituted the value of x from eq:1)
25h 2
20 + h =
9
2
16h
= 202
9
4h
= 20
3
3 20
h=
= 15 m
4
2
i.e., height of the tower = 15 m
25. A person, standing exactly midway between two towers, observes the top of the two towers at angle
of elevation of 22.5 and 67.5. What is the ratio of the height of the taller tower to the height of the
shorter tower? (Given that tan 22.5 =
2 1)
1 2 2 : 1
C. 3 + 2 2 : 1
1 + 2 2 : 1
D. 3 2 2 : 1
A.
B.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let ED be the taller tower and AB be the shorter tower.

Let C be the point of observation.
Given that
ACB = 22.5 and
DCE = 67.5
Given that C is the midpoint of BD.

Hence, BC = CD
From the right
tan 22.5 =
AB
BC
From the right
tan 67.5 =
ED
CD
ABC,
------ (eq:1)
CDE,
------ (eq:2)
(eq:2)
(eq:1)
=>
tan 67.5
=
tan 22.5
=>
tan(90 22.5)
tan 22.5
=>
cot 22.5
ED
=
tan 22.5
AB
1
)
tan 22.5
=>
tan 22.5
(
ED
)
CD
AB
(
)
BC
ED
AB
( CD = BC )
ED
AB
[ tan(90-)= cot ]
ED
AB
ED
1
=> i.e.,
=
AB (tan 22.5)
( 2 + 1)
]
=[
( 2 1)( 2 + 1)
1
]
tan
[ cot =
1
( 2 1)
( 2 + 1)
]
=[
(2 1)
= (2 + 2 2 + 1) = (3 + 2 2)
Required Ratio = ED : AB = (3 + 2 2) : 1
1
)
=(
21
( 2 + 1)
]
=[
1
= ( 2 + 1)
26. A flagstaff is placed on top of a building. The flagstaff and building subtend equal angles at a point on
level ground which is 200 m away from the foot of the building. If the height of the flagstaff is 50 m and
the height of the building is h, which of the following is true?
A. h3 - 50h2 + (200)2h + (200)250 = 0
B. None of these
C. h3 + 50h2 + (200)2h - (200)250 = 0
D. h3 - 50h2 - (200)2h + (200)250 = 0

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let AD be the flagstaff and CD be the building.

Assume that the flagstaff and building subtend equal angles at
point B.
Given that AD = 50 m, CD = h and BC = 200 m
Let
ABD = ,
DBC =
( flagstaff and building subtend
equal angles at a point on level ground)
Then,
ABC = 2
From the right
tan =
BCD,
DC
h
=
BC
200
From the right
BCA,
------ (eq: 1)
tan 2 =
=>
AC
AD + DC
50 + h
=
=
BC
200
200
2 tan
50 + h
=
200
1 tan 2
2(
=>
h
)
200
[ tan(2) =
50 + h
200
2 tan
]
1 tan 2
[ substituted the value of tan from eq:1 ]
2002
=> 2h = (1
h2
2002
=> 2h = 50 + h
) (50 + h)
50h 2
2002
h3
2002
=> 2 (2002 ) h = 50(200) 2 + h(200) 2 50 h2 h 3
( Multiplied LHS and RHS by 2002 )
=> h 3 + 50h 2 + (200) 2 h 50(200) 2 = 0
27. From the foot and the top of a building of height 230 m, a person observes the top of a tower with
angles of elevation of b and a respectively. What is the distance between the top of these buildings if tan
a = 5/12 and tan b = 4/5
A. 400 m
B. 250 m
C. 600 m
D. 650 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let ED be the building and AC be the tower.

Given that ED = 230 m,
ADC = b,
AEB = a
Also given that tan a = 5/12 and tan b = 4/5

Let AC = h
Required Distance
buildings = AE
From the right
= Distance between the
top of these
ABE,
AB
BE
(h-230)
5
=>
=
[ tan a = 5/12 (given), AB = (AC-BC) = (AC-ED) = (h-230) ]
12
BE
12(h-230)
=> BE =
------ (eq: 1)
5
tan (a) =
From the right
AC
CD
4
h
=> =
5 CD
5h
=> CD =
4
ACD,
tan (b) =
[ tan b = 4/5 (given), AC = h) ]

------ (eq: 2)
From the diagram, BE = CD
12(h-230)
5h
=
(from eq: 1 and eq:2)
5
4
=> 48h (4 12 230) = 25h
=> 23h = (4 12 230)
(4 12 230)
=> h =
= 480 m
------ (eq: 3)
23
=>
Consider the right
ABE
AB = (AC - BC)
= (480 - 230)
[ Since AC = h = 480(from eq:3) and BC =
ED = 230 m(given) ]
= 250 m
In this triangle, tan(a) = 5/12. Let's figure out the value of
sin(a) now.
Consider a triangle with opposite side = 5 and adjacent side =

12 such that tan(a) = 5/12
hypotenuse = 52 + 122 = 13
opposite side
5
i.e., sin(a) =
=
hypotenuse
13
We have seen that sin(a) =
=>
AB
5
=
13
AE
=> AE = AB
5
13
13
13
= 250
= 650 m
5
5
i.e., Distance between the top of the buildings = 650 m
28. A vertical pole fixed to the ground is divided in the ratio 1:9 by a mark on it with lower part shorter
than the upper part. If the two parts subtend equal angles at a place on the ground, 15 m away from the
base of the pole, what is the height of the pole?
60 5 m
C. 15 3 m
A.
15 5 m
D. 60 3 m
B.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
(Reference : Angle Bisector Theorem)

Let CB be the pole and point D divides it such that BD : DC = 1
:9
Given that AB = 15 m
Let the the two parts subtend equal angles at point A such
that
CAD =
BAD =
From Angle Bisector Theorem, we have
BD
AB
=
DC
AC
1
15
=> =
[ BD : DC = 1 : 9 and AB = 15(given) ]
9 AC
AC = 15 9 m
------ (eq: 1)
From the right
ABC,
CB = AC 2 AB2 ( Pythagorean theorem)
2
= (15 9) 152 [ AC = 15 9 (eq:1) and AB = 15 m (given) ]
2
2
2
= 15 9 15 = 152 (92 1) = 152 80
= 152 16 5 = 15 4 5 = 60 5 m
29. An aeroplane when 900 m high passes vertically above another aeroplane at an instant when their
angles of elevation at same observing point are 60 and 45 respectively. Approximately, how many
meters higher is the one than the other?
A. 381 m
B. 169 m
C. 254 m
D. 211 m

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let C and D be the position of the aeroplanes.

Given that CB = 900 m,
From the right
ABC,
CAB = 60,
DAB = 45
CB
AB
900
3=
AB
900 900 3
900 3
AB =
=
=
= 300 3
3
33
3
tan 60 =
From the right
tan 45 =
ABD,
DB
AB
DB
AB
DB = AB = 300 3
1=
Required height = CD = (CB-DB) = (900 300 3)

= (900 300 1.73) = (900 519) = 381 m
30. When the sun's altitude changes from 30 to 60, the length of the shadow of a tower decreases by
70m. What is the height of the tower?
A. 35 m
B. 140 m
C. 60.6 m
D. 20.2 m

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let AD be the tower, BD be the initial shadow and CD be the

final shadow.
Given that BC = 70 m,
ABD = 30,
ACD = 60,
Let CD = x, AD = h
From the right
tan 60 =
3=
h
x
CDA,
AD
CD
------ (eq :1)
From the right
AD
BD
1
h
=
3 70 + x
BDA,
tan 30 =
eq :1
=>
eq :2
3
(
1
)
3
------ (eq :2)

h
( )
x
=
h
(
)
70 + x
70 + x
x
=> 2x = 70
=> x = 35
=> 3 =
Substituting this value of x in eq :1, we have
h
35
=> h = 35 3 = 35 1.73 = 60.55 60.6
3=
I mportant Concepts and Formulas - A lgebra

I.
Basic A lgebraic Formulas
1.
a(b + c) = ab + ac
2.
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
3.
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
4.
(a + b) + (a b) = 2(a 2 + b2 )
5.
(a + b) = a 3 + 3a 2 b + 3a b + b = a 3 + 3ab(a + b) + b
6.
(a b) = a 3 3a 2 b + 3a b2 b3 = a 3 3ab(a b) b3
7.
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
8.
a 3 + b3 = (a + b)(a 2 ab + b2 )
9.
a 3 b3 = (a b)(a 2 + ab + b2 )
(Distributive Law)
10.
a n bn = (a b)(a n1 + a n2 b + a n3 b2 + ... + bn1 )
11.
2
2
(a + b + c) = a 2 + b + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
12.
(a + b)(a + c) = a 2 + (b + c)a + bc
1.
a n = a. a. a ... (n times)
2.
a m . a n . . . a p = a m+n+...+p
3.
a m . a n = a m+n
4.
am
= a mn
an
5.
(a m ) = amn = (a n )
6.
(ab) n = an bn
7.
a
( )
b
8.
a n =
9.
an =
an
bn
1
an
1
a n
10.
a 0 = 1 where a R, a 0
11.
q p
a p/q =
a
12.
if a m = a n where a 0 and a 1, then m = n
13.
if a n = bn where n 0, then a = b
1.
(x + a ) = x 2 + 2ax + a 2
2.
(x a ) = x 2 2ax + a 2
3.
(x + a)(x + b) = x 2 + (a + b)x + ab
4.
x 2 a 2 = (x a)(x + a)
5.
(x n + 1) is completely divisible by (x + 1) when n is odd
6.
(x n + a n ) is completely divisible by (x + a) when n is odd
7.
(x n a n ) is completely divisible by (x a) for every natural number n
8.
(x n a n ) is completely divisible by (x + a) when n is even
Binom ial Theorem
If a and b are any real numbers and n is a positive integer,
(a + b)
= a n + na n1 b +
n(n 1) n2 2 n(n 1)(n 2)

a b +
2!
3!
a n3 b3 + +
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
r!
anr br + + bn
n
n
n
n
n
n
= ( ) a n + ( ) a n1 b + ( ) a n2 b2 + ( ) an3 b3 + + ( ) a nr br + + ( ) bn
0
1
2
3
r
n
n
n nr r
= ( )a b
r
r=0
n
where ( ) is known as Binomial Coefficient and is defined by
r
n
n!
( )=
r
(r!)(n r)!
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
r!
n
where r = 1,2,...,n and ( ) = 1
0
Binomial Coefficient also occurs in many other mathematical areas than algebra, especially in combinatorics where
( nr ) represents the number of combinations of n distinct things taking r at a time and is denoted by nCr or C(n,r).
The properties of binomial coefficients have led to extending its meaning beyond the basic case where n and r are
nonnegative integers with r n; such expressions are also called binomial coefficients.
Binom ial Ex pansions

0
(a + b) = 1
1
(a + b) = a + b
2
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
3
(a + b) = a 3 + 3a 2 b + 3a b2 + b3
4
(a + b) = a 4 + 4a 3 b + 6 a2 b + 4a b + b
... and so on
Binom ial Series

One of Newton's achievement was to extend the Binomial Theorem to the case where n can be any real number.
If n is any real number and -1 < x < 1, then
(1 + x)
= 1 + nx +
n(n 1)
n(n 1)(n 2)
x2 +
2!
3!
x3 +
n
n
n
n
= ( ) x 0 + ( ) x 1 + ( ) x2 + ( ) x 3 +
0
1
2
3
n
= ( ) xr
r
r=0
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
n
where ( ) =
r
r!
II.
n
where r 1 and ( ) = 1
0
Surds and I mportant P roperties

i.
Surds
Let
a be a rational number and n be a positive integer such that n a is irrational. Then n a is called a surd of order n.
Examples :
3 is a surd of order 2
3
4 3 is a surd of order 2
3
9 , 27 etc are not surds because they are not irrational numbers
Every surd is an irrational number. But every irrational number is not a surd. (eg :
are irrational numbers.)
ii.
Quadratic Surds
, e etc are not surds though they
A surd of order 2 is called a quadratic surd

Examples :
iii.
2, 3, (3 + 5), etc.
Rules of Surds
1.
2.
m n = mn
m
=
n
n
3.
1 n
a. a. a n times = a 2
4.
a. a. a = a
5.
if
1.
The conjugate surd of
2.
if b and d are quadratic surds and if

then a = c and b = d
a
= p, then p(p 1) = a
a + a +
a + b = ( a b)
a + b= c+ d
i.e., rational part on the left side = rational part on the right side.
and irrational part on the left side = irrational part on the right side.
3.
III.

then a = 0 and b = d
a + b= d ,
Quadratic Equations and How to Solve Quadratic Equations

A . Quadratic Equations
A quadratic equation is a second degree univariate polynomial equation.
A quadratic equation can be written as (general form or standard form of quadratic equation)
a x 2 + bx + c = 0
Example :
where x is a variable, a, b and c are constants and
x 2 + 5x + 6 = 0
(Please note that if a=0, equation becomes a linear equation)

The solutions of a quadratic equation are called its roots.
B. How to Solve Quadratic Equations
a0
There are many methods to solve Quadratic equations. Quadratic equations can be solved by factoring, completing the
square, graphing, Newton's method, and using the quadratic formula. We can go through some of the popular methods for
solving quadratic equations here.
1.
How to Solve Quadratic Equations By Factoring
Step 1: Write the quadratic equation in standard form.

i.e. , bring all terms on the left side of the equal sign and 0 on the right side of the equal sign.
Step 2: Factor the left side of the equation
Step 3: Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
Factoring is one of the fastest ways for solving quadratic equations. The concept will be clear from the following
examples.
Example1 : Solve the Quadratic Equation
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
Step 1 : Write the quadratic equation in standard form.
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
x 2 + 4x 11 x + 1 = 0
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
Step 2 : Factor the left side of the equation.
We know that
Assume
x 2 + (a + b)x + ab = (x + a)(x + b)
. We will use the same concept for factoring.
x 2 + 3x 10 = x 2 + (a + b)x + ab
We need to find out a and b such that a + b = 3 and ab = -10

a = +5 and b = -2 satisfies the above condition.
Hence
x 2 + 3x 10 = (x + 5)(x 2)
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x + 5)(x 2) = 0
Step 3 :Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
(x + 5)(x - 2) = 0
=> (x + 5) = 0 or (x - 2) = 0
=> x = -5 or 2
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
are x = -5 and x = 2.
(In other words, x = -5 and x = 2 are the roots of the quadratic equation
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
This equation is already in the standard form. Hence let's go to step 2
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1

Here we need to find out a and b such that a + b = -7 and ab = +10
a = -5 and b = -2 satisfies the above condition.
Hence
Hence,
x 2 7x + 10 = (x 5)(x 2)
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x 5)(x 2) = 0
(x - 5)(x - 2) = 0
=> (x - 5) = 0 or (x - 2) = 0
=> x = 5 or 2
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
are x = 5 and x = 2.
(In other words, x = 5 and x = 2 are the roots of the quadratic equation
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0

Here we need to follow a slightly different approach for factoring because here the coefficient of x2 1 (whereas In
example 1 and example 2, the coefficient of x2 was 1)
Hence, to factor
3x 2 14x + 8 , we need to do the followings
1. Product of the second degree term and the constant. i.e.,
3x 2 8 = 24x 2
2. We got product as 24x2 and have middle term as -14x. From this , it is clear that we can take -12x and -2x such
that their sum is -14x and product is 24x2
Hence,
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
Hence,
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
= 3x
12x 2x + 8 = 3x(x 4) 2(x 4) = (x 4)(3x 2)
(x 4)(3x 2) = 0
(x - 5)(x - 2) = 0
=> (x - 4) = 0 or (3x - 2) = 0
=> x = 4 or
2
.
3

(In other words, x = 4 and x =
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
are x = 4 and x =
2
3
2
2
are the roots of the quadratic equation 3x 14x + 8 = 0
3
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0

coefficient of x2 1
Hence, to factor
6x 2 12 = 72x 2
2. We got product as 72x2 and have middle term as -17x. From this , it is clear that we can take -8x and -9x such that
their sum is -17x and product is 72x2
Hence,
6x 2 17x + 12 = 6x 2 8x 9x + 12 = 2x(3x 4) 3(3x 4) = (3x 4)(2x 3)
Hence,
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0
(3x 4)(2x 3) = 0
(3x - 4)(2x - 3) = 0
=> (3x - 4) = 0 or (2x - 3) = 0
=> x =
4
3
or
.
3
2

(In other words, x =
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0
are x =
4
3
and x = .
3
2
4
3
2
and x =
3
2
(Special Factorization Examples)

x2 9 = 0

Here,x
9 is in the form a 2 b2 where a = x and b = 3
We know that
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
We will use the same concept for factoring this.
x 2 9 = x 2 32 = (x 3)(x + 3)
Hence,
x2 9 = 0
(x 3)(x + 3) = 0
(x - 3)(x + 3) = 0
=> x = 3 or -3
x2 9 = 0
are x = 3 and x = -3
(In other words, x = 3 and x = -3 are the roots of the quadratic equation
x2 9 = 0
25x 2 16 = 0

2
25x 2 16 = (5x) 42 = (5x 4)(5x + 4)

Hence,
25x 2 16 = 0
(5x 4)(5x + 4) = 0
Step 3 : Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
(5x - 4)(5x + 4) = 0
=>5x = 4 or -4
x=
4
4
.
or
5
5

25x 2 16 = 0
are x =
4
4
and x =
5
5
4
4
2
and x =
are the roots of the quadratic equation 25x 16 = 0
5
5
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0

Here,x 2
+ 6x + 9
We know that
is in the form a2
+ 2ab + b2
a 2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)
where a = x and b = 3
x 2 + 6x + 9 = x 2 + 2 x 3 + 32 = (x + 3 )2
Hence,
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
(x + 3) 2 = 0
Step 3 :
(x + 3) 2 = 0
=> x + 3 = 0
=> x = -3
Hence, the solution of the quadratic equation
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
is x = -3
(In other words, x = -3 is the root of the quadratic equation
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
x 2 6x + 9 = 0

Here,x
6x + 9
We know that
is in the form a
2ab + b2
a 2 2ab + b2 = (a b) 2
x 2 6x + 9 = x 2 2 x 3 + 32 = (x 3 )2
Hence,
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
2
(x 3) = 0
Step 3 :
2
(x 3) = 0
=> x - 3 = 0
=> x = 3
x 2 6x + 9 = 0
(In other words, x = 3 is the root of the quadratic equation
2.
is x = 3
x 2 6x + 9 = 0
How to Solve Quadratic Equations By Quadratic Formula
Quadratic F orm ula

Consider a quadratic equation
Its solutions can be given by
a x 2 + bx + c = 0
wherea
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
x 2 + 4x 11 x + 1 = 0
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1

b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
3 7
2
4
10
or
2
2
3 32 4 1 (10)
21
9
+ 40
3
2
= 2 or 5
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
7 9
73
=
2
2
10
4
or
2
2
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
2
7 (7) 4 1 10
21
7 49 40
2
= 5 or 2
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
2
b b 4ac
x=
2a
14 100
14 10
=
6
6
24
4
or
6
6
= 4 or
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
2
14 (14) 4 3 8
23
x 2 7x + 10 = 0)
14 196 96
6
2
3

3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
are x = 4 and x =
2
3
2
are the roots of the quadratic equation 3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
3
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0

b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
17 1
17 1
=
12
12
18
16
or
12
12
3
4
or
2
3
2
17 (17) 4 6 12
26

6 4
2
17 289 288
12
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0
are x =
4
3
and x = .
3
2
4
3
2
and x =
3
2
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
2
6 (6) 4 1 10
21
x 2 + 6x + 10 = 0
6 36 40
=
2
6 2i
2
= 3 i
= (3 + i) or (3 i)
x 2 + 6x + 10 = 0
are x =(-3 + i) and x = (-3 - i)
(In other words, x =(-3 + i) and x = (-3 - i) are the roots of the quadratic equation
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
2
6 (6) 4 1 9
21
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
=
6 (36 36
21
6 0
6
=
2
2
= 3
(In other words,
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
is
x = 3
x = 3 is the roots of the quadratic equation x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
x2 9 = 0
x 2 + 6x + 10 = 0

b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
0 (0) 2 4 1 (9)
21

36
2
6
2
= 3 or 3
x2 9 = 0
x2 9 = 0
C. How to find out the number of solutions(roots) of a quadratic equation quickly?
To find out the number of solutions (roots) of a quadratic equation

2
discriminant, D. The discriminant, D = b
4ac
a x 2 + bx + c = 0
quickly, we need to find out the
If the discriminant is positive, there will be two real solutions for the quadratic equation.
If the discriminant is 0, there will be one real solution (it repeats itself) for the quadratic equation.
If the discriminant is negative, there will be two complex solutions for the quadratic equation.
Ex am ple1 :
Find out the number of roots for
2
Discriminant, D = b
D > 0. Hence
x 2 7x + 12 = 0
4ac = (72 ) (4 1 12) = 49 48 = 1.
x 2 7x + 12 = 0
will have two real roots.
Let's verify if this is correct by solving the quadratic equation.
x 2 7x + 12 = 0 (x 3)(x 4) = 0 x = 3 or 4.
Yes, two real roots we got.
Ex am ple2 :
2
Discriminant, D = b
D = 0. Hence
x 2 4x + 4 = 0
4ac = (42 ) (4 1 4) = 16 16 = 0.
x 2 4x + 4 = 0
will have one real root (it repeats itself)
x 2 4x + 4 = 0 (x 2) 2 = 0 x = 2
Yes, real root (it repeats itself).
Ex am ple3 :
2
Discriminant, D = b
D < 0. Hence
x2 + 1 = 0
4ac = (02 ) (4 1 1) = 0 4 = 4
x2 + 1 = 0
will have two complex roots
x2 + 1 = 0
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
0 02 4 1 1

4
2 i
04
=
=
=
=
=i
21
2
2
2
Yes, we got two complex roots, +i and -i
D. Sum and P roducts of the roots of a quadratic equation
Let
x 1 and x 2 are the roots of a quadratic equation a x 2 + bx + c = 0 where a 0
Sum of the roots of the quadratic equation,
x1 + x2 =
Product of the roots of the quadratic equation,
b
a
x1 x2 =
c
a
Ex am ple 1: Find the sum and product of the roots of the quadratic equation
sum of the roots=
b
7
= =7
a
1
product of the roots=
c 10
=
= 10
a
1
sum of the roots=
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
b
3
=
a
2
c 1
=
a 2
2x 2 + 3x + 1 = 0
I mportant Concepts and Formulas - Complex

Numbers
I.
Basics of Complex Numbers
Definition of i
1.
i = 1
i 2 = 1
i 3 = i
2.
i4 = 1
A complex number is any number which can be written as
and i = 1
a + ib where a and b are real numbers
a is the real part of the complex number and b is the imaginary part of the complex number.
3.
Example for a complex number : 9 + i2
if z =
of z.
4.
a + ib
is a complex number, a is called the real part of z and b is called the imaginary part
It can be represented as Re(z) = a and Im(z) = b
Conjugate of the complex number
4+
i2
= 4 i2
z = x + iy
i2
=
4
and
can be defined as
4 + 2i
5.
Example :
6.
if the complex number
a + ib = 0 , then a = b = 0
7.
if the complex number
a + ib = x + iy
, then
a = x and b = y
z = x iy

2
2
if x + iy is a complex numer, then the non-negative real number x + y

is the modulus (or
absolute value or magnitude) of the complex number x + iy . It can be denoted as
8.
| x + iy | = x 2 + y 2
9.
ei = cos + i sin
(Note that modulus is a non-negative real number )
(Euler Formula)
Rectangular (Cartesian) F orm of Com plex Num bers

10.
A complex number when written in the form a + ib , it is in the rectangular (Cartesian) form
11.
ei = cos + i sin
(Euler Formula)
Cube Roots of Unity = (1)
= 1,
12.
1/3
1 + i 3
1 i 3
,
2
2
= 1, w, w2 where w =
1 + i 3
2
Properties of Cube Roots of Unity

i. Cube Roots of Unity are in G.P.
ii. Each complex cube root of unity is the square of the other complex cube root of unity.
Example :
iii.
w=
1 + 3i
1 3i
, w2 =
2
2
1 + w + w2 = 0
iv. Product of all cube roots of unity = 1. i.e.,

13.
v.
1
1
= w2 and 2 = w
w
w
w3 = 1
14.
II.
Fourth Roots of Unity ,
(1)
1/4
are +1, -1, +i, -i
P olar and Exponential Forms of Complex Numbers

Polar and Exponential Forms are very useful in dealing with the multiplication, division, power etc. of
complex numbers.
Polar F orm of a Com plex Num ber
A complex number
z = x + iy
can be expressed in polar form as
z = r = r cis = r(cos + i sin )
(Please not that can be in degrees or radians)
where r = |z| = x 2 + y 2
(note that r 0 and and r = modulus or absolute value or
magnitude of the complex number)
y
= arg z = tan 1 ( )
x
( denotes the angle measured counterclockwise from the positive
real axis.)
is called the argument of z. it should be noted that 2 n + is also an argument of z where
n = 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3,
. Note that while there can be many values for the argument,
we will normally select the smallest positive value)
Please note that we need to make sure that is in the correct quadrant. i.e., should be in the
same quadrant where the complex number is located in the complex plane. This will be clear from
the next topic where we will go through various examples to convert complex numbers between
polar form and rectangular form. It is strongly recommended to go through those examples to get
the concept clear.
x = r cos
y = r sin
If <
radian)
is called as principal argument of z
(In this statement, is expressed in
Ex ponential form of a Com plex Num ber

We
have
already
z = r(cos + i sin )
seen that
in
polar form ,
. By Euler's Formula, we have
complex number can be
expressed as
e = cos + i sin
Hence, we can express a complex number in Exponential form as

radians)
z = r ei
(Note that is in
While there may be many values of satisfying this, we will normally select the smallest positive
value.
From Cartesian form, complex form and exponential form, a complex number can be expressed as
z = r cis = r = r(cos + i sin ) = r ei
Note that radians and degrees are two units for measuring angles.
360 = 2 radian
III.
How to Convert Complex Numbers from R ectangular Form to P olar Form and
Exponential Form
1.
Example 1 : Convert
z = 1 + i 3
to polar form
r = |z| = x 2 + y 2 = 12 + ( 3) =
1
+ 3 = 4 = 2
y
3
) = tan 1 ( 3) =
arg z = = tan 1 ( ) = tan 1 (
x
1
3
Here the complex number is in first quadrant in the complex plane. The angle we got,
the first quadrant .Hence we select this value.
Hence, the polar form is
is also in
3
z = 2( ) = 2 [cos ( ) + i sin ( )]
3
3
3
i
. 3
Similarly we can write the com plex num ber in ex ponential form as z = r ei = 2e
.
(Please
note
that
all
2 n +
where n = 0, 1, 2,
3
exponential forms also)
possible
values
of
the
argument,
arg
are
. Accordingly we can get other possible polar forms and
2.
Example 2 : Convert
z = 1 + i 3
to polar form
2
2
1
+ 3 = 4 = 2
r = |z| = x 2 + y 2 = (1) + ( 3) =
y
3
) = tan 1 ( 3)
arg z = = tan 1 ( ) = tan 1 (
x
1
Here
is one value of which meets the condition
= tan 1 ( 3) . But it is in fourth
quadrant. We know that should be in second quadrant because the complex number is in second
quadrant in the complex plane.
2
+ =
which is in second quadrant and also meets the condition
3
3
( 3) . Hence we take that value.
Hence
= tan 1
z = 2(2
) = 2 [cos ( ) + i sin (2 )]
3
3
3
i 2
i
3
Similarly we can write the com plex num ber in ex ponential form as z = r e = 2e
(Please
note
that
all
possible
2
2 n +
where n = 0, 1, 2,
3
values
of
the
argument,
arg
are
3.
Example 3 : Convert
z = 1 i 3
to polar form
2
2
r = |z| = x 2 + y 2 = (1) + ( 3)
= 1+3 = 4 = 2
y
3
) = tan 1 ( 3)
arg z = = tan 1 ( ) = tan 1 (
x
1
Here
is one value of which meets the condition = tan 1 ( 3) . But it is in first quadrant.
3
We know that should be in third quadrant because the complex number is in third quadrant in
the complex plane.
Hence
4
+ =
3
3
which is in third quadrant and also meets the condition
= tan 1 ( 3) .
Hence we take that value.

z = 2(4
) = 2 [cos ( ) + i sin (4 )]
3
3
3
i 4
3
(Please
note
that
all
possible
4
2 n +
where n = 0, 1, 2,
3
values
of
the
argument,
arg
are
4.
Example 4 : Convert
z = 1 i 3
to polar form
2
2
2 + y 2
x
(1
)
+
(
3
)
1
+ 3 = 4 = 2
r = |z| =
=
=
y
3
) = tan 1 ( 3)
arg z = = tan 1 ( ) = tan 1 (
x
1
Here
is one value of which meets the condition and also in the fourth quadrant. The
3
complex number is also in fourth quadrant. However we will normally select the smallest positive
value for .
Hence
5
+ 2 =
3
3
which meets the condition
= tan 1 ( 3)
and also is in the fourth
quadrant. Hence we take that value.

z = 2(
5
5
5
) = 2 [cos ( ) + i sin ( )]
3
3
3
i 5
i
3
(Please
note
that
all
possible
5
2 n +
where n = 0, 1, 2,
3
values
of
the
argument,
arg
are
5.
Example 5 : Convert
z= 8
to polar form
2
2
2
2
x
y
)
)
r = |z| =
+
= (8 + (0 = (8) = 8
Here the complex number lies in the positive real axis . Hence
=0 .
y
0
arg z = = tan 1 ( ) = tan 1 ( ) = tan 1 0
x
8
z = 80 = 8 (cos 0 + i sin 0)
Similarly we can write the com plex num ber in ex ponential form as
(Please
note
that
all
possible
2 n + 0 = 2 n where n = 0, 1, 2,
z = r ei = 8e0i
values
of
the
argument,
arg
z
are
6.
Example 6 : Convert
z = 8
to polar form
2
2
r = |z| = x 2 + y 2 = (8) + (0) = (8) = 8
Here the complex number lies in the negative real axis . Hence
= .
z = 8 = 8 (cos + i sin )
Similarly we can write the com plex num ber in ex ponential form as
(Please
note
that
all
2 n + where n = 0, 1, 2,
z = r ei = 8ei
possible
values
of
the
argument,
arg
z
are
7.
Example 7 : Convert
z = i8
to polar form
2
2
r = |z| = x 2 + y 2 = (0) + (8) = (8) = 8
Here the complex number lies in the positive imaginary axis . Hence
z = 8
.
2
= 8 [cos ( ) + i sin ( )]
2
2
2
i
2
(Please
note
that
all
2 n +
where n = 0, 1, 2,
2
possible
values
of
the
argument,
arg
8.
Example 8 : Convert
z = i8
to polar form
2
2
r = |z| = x 2 + y 2 = (0) + (8) = (8) = 8
Here the complex number lies in the negavive imaginary axis . Hence
However we will normally select the smallest positive value for . Hence
z = 8
are
3
3
3
= 8 [cos ( ) + i sin ( )]
2
2
2
.
2
3
+ 2 =
2
2
i3
2
i
(Please
note
that
all
possible
3
2 n +
where n = 0, 1, 2,
2
values
of
the
argument,
arg
are
IV.
How to Convert Complex Numbers from P olar Form to R ectangular (Cartesian)

Form
Examples
1.
Convert the complex number
x = r cos = 2 cos
y = r sin = 2 sin
2 [cos (
5
5
) + i sin ( )]
3
3
to rectangular (Cartesian) form
5
1
= 2 = 1
3
2
5
3
) = 3
= 2 (
3
2
z = x + iy = 1 i 3
2.
Convert the complex number
x = r cos = 8 cos
y = r sin = 8 sin
8 [cos ( ) + i sin ( )]
2
2
= 20 = 0
2
= 81 = 8
2
z = x + iy = 0 + 8i = 8i
V.
How to Convert Complex Numbers from Exponential Form to R ectangular

(Cartesian) Form
Examples
1.
i2
3
Convert the complex number 2e
x = r cos = 2 cos
y = r sin = 2 sin
2
1
= 2 ( ) = 1
3
2
2
3
= 2
= 3
3
2
z = x + iy = 1 + i 3
2.
i
3
Convert the complex number 2e
x = r cos = 2 cos
y = r sin = 2 sin
1
= 2 = 1
3
2
3
= 2
=3
3
2
z = x + iy = 1 + i 3
VI.
A rithmetical Operations of Complex Numbers

Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division can be carried out on complex numbers in either
rectangular form or polar form.
Addition and subtraction of complex numbers is easy in rectangular form.
Multiplication and division of complex numbers is easy in polar form.
1.
A ddition of Complex Numbers

To add complex numbers, add their real parts and add their imaginary parts.
(a + ib) + (c + id) = (a + c) + i(b + d)

Example : Find (9 + i2) + (8 + i6)
(9 + i2) + (8 + i6) = (9 + 8) + i(2 + 6) = 17 + i8
2.
Subtraction of Complex Numbers

To subtract complex numbers, subtract their real parts and subtract their imaginary parts.
(a + ib) - (c + id) = (a - c) + i(b - d)

Example : Find (9 + 2i) - (8 + 6i)
(9 + 2i) - (8 + 6i) = (9 - 8) + i(2 - 6) = 1 - i4
3.
Multiplication of Complex Numbers

A. Multiplication of Com plex Num bers in Rectangular F orm
(a + ib)(c + id) = ac + iad + ibc + i2bd = ac + iad + ibc - bd = (ac - bd) + i(ad + bc)
Example : Find (9 + 2i)(8 - 6i)
(9 + i2)(8 i6) = 72 i54 + i16 i 2 12 = 72 i(54 16) + 12 = 84 i38
B. Multiplication of Com plex Num bers in Polar F orm
r 1 1 r 2 2 = r 1 r 2 (1 + 2 )
Example : Find
330 440
330 440 = (3 4) (30 + 40) = 1270

4.
Division of Complex Numbers

A. Div ision of Com plex Num bers in Rectangular F orm
(a + ib)
(a + ib)
(c id)
(ac + bd) i(ad bc)
=
=
(c + id)
(c + id)
(c id)
c2 + d 2
(We multiplied denominator and numerator with the conjugate of the denominator to proceed)
Example : Find
(9 + 2i)
(8 6i)
(9 + 2i)
(9 + 2i)(8 + 6i)
=
(8 6i)
(8 6i)(8 + 6i)
72 + 54i + 16i 12
64 + 36
B. Div ision of Com plex Num bers in Polar F orm
r 1 1
r1
=
(1 2 )
r 2 2
r2
Example : Find
5135
475
5135 5
5
= (135 75) = 60
4
4
475
60 + 70i
= .6 + .7i
100
VII.
P ow ers and R oots of Complex Numbers
De'Moiv re's Theorem

If n is any integer, then
(cos + i sin ) = cos n + i sin n
From De'Moivre's formula, it is clear that for any complex number
z = r cis = r = r(cos + i sin ) = r ei
z n = r n ( n) = r n (cos n + i sin n) = r n ein

A . Examples to find out P ow ers of Complex Numbers
1.
Find
(1 + 3 i)
12
2
2
r = (1) + ( 3) =
1
+ 3 = 4 = 2
= tan 1 (
2
3
) = tan 1 ( 3) = tan 1 ( )
1
3
(The
complex
number
is
in
second
quadrant)
Hence,
1 + 3 i = 2 [cos (
(1 + 3 i)
12
= [2 (cos
) + i sin (2 )]
3
3
2
+ i sin 2 )]
3
3
12
= 212 [cos (
12) + i sin (2 12)]

3
3
= 4096 (cos 8 + i sin 8) = 4096 (cos 0 + i sin 0) = 4096(1 + 0) = 4096
(Note
that
is
mentioned in radians)
2.
Find
(2135)
(2135) 5 = 25 (135 5) = 32675 = 32 45

= 32 [cos(45) + i sin(45)] =
=
32 (cos(45) + i sin(45))
32 [cos(45) i sin(45)] = 32 (
1
1
32
)=
i
(1 i)
2
2
2
degrees)
3.
Find
[4 (cos 30 + i sin 30)]
(Note that is mentioned in
[4 (cos 30 + i sin 30)]
= 46 [cos (30 6) + i sin (30 6)]
= 4096 (cos 180 + i sin 180) =

mentioned in degrees)
4.
Find
(2e0.3i )
4096 (1 + i 0) = 4096 (1) = 4096
(Note that is
(2e0.3i ) 8 = 28 e(0.3i8) = 256e2.4i = 256 (cos 2.4 + i sin 2.4)
(Note
that
is
radians)
R oots of Complex Numbers
nth roots of a complex number
wk = r 1/n [cos (
z = r(cos + i sin )
+ 2 k
+ 2 k
) + i sin (
)]
n
n
(If is in degrees, substitute 360 for
can be given by
where k = 0, 1, 2, . . . (n-1)
2 )
Examples to find out R oots of Complex Numbers
1.
Find 5 th roots of 32i
32i = 32 (cos
+ i sin )
2
2
(Converted to polar form, reference : click here )
The 5th roots of 32i can be given by
wk = r 1/n [cos (
1/5
= 32
=2
cos
cos
w0 = 2 cos
+ 2 k
+ 2 k
) + i sin (
)]
n
n
+ 2 k
2
5
+ 2 k
2
5
+0
2
5
+ i sin
+ i sin
+ i sin
+ 2 k
2
5
+ 2 k
2
5
+0
2
5
where k = 0, 1, 2,3 and 4
= 2 (cos
+ i sin )
10
10
mentioned
in

+ 2
2
5
w1 = 2 cos
+ 4
2
5
w2 = 2 cos
+ i sin
+ 6
2
5
w3 = 2 cos
+ i sin
+ 8
2
5
w4 = 2 cos
2.
+ i sin
Find cube roots of
+ i sin
+ 2
2
5
+ 4
2
5
+ 6
2
5
+ 8
2
5
= 2 (cos
+ i sin ) = 2i
2
2
= 2 (cos
9
9
)
+ i sin
10
10
= 2 (cos
13
13
)
+ i sin
10
10
= 2 (cos
17
17
)
+ i sin
10
10
4 4 3 i
4 4 3i = 8 (cos 240 + i sin 240)
(Converted to polar form, reference : click here. Here

we took the angle in degrees. Remember that we can use radians or degrees )
The cube roots of
wk = r 1/n [cos (
= 81/3
[cos (
= 2 [cos (
3.
4 4 3i can be given by
+ 360 k
+ 360 k
) + i sin (
)]
n
n
240 + 360 k
240 + 360 k
) + i sin (
)]
3
3
240 + 360 k
240 + 360 k
) + i sin (
)]
3
3
where k = 0, 1 and 2
w0 = 2 [cos (
240 + 0
240 + 0
) + i sin (
)] = 2 (cos 80 + i sin 80)
3
3
w1 = 2 [cos (
240 + 360
240 + 360
) + i sin (
)] = 2 (cos 200 + i sin 200)
3
3
w3 = 2 [cos (
240 + 720
240 + 720
) + i sin (
)] = 2 (cos 320 + i sin 320)
3
3
Find cube roots of 1
1 = 8 (cos 0 + i sin 0)
(Converted to polar form,reference : click here. Here we took the angle

in degrees. Remember that we can use radians or degrees )
The cube roots of 1 can be given by
wk = r 1/n [cos (
= 11/3
[cos (
+ 360 k
+ 360 k
) + i sin (
)]
n
n
0 + 360 k
0 + 360 k
) + i sin (
)]
3
3
= cos (120 k) + i sin (120 k)
where k = 0, 1 and 2
w0 = cos (120 0) + i sin (120 0) = cos 0 + i sin 0 = 1

w1 = cos (120 1) + i sin (120 1) = cos 120 + i sin 120
=
1
3 1 + i 3
+i
=
2
2
2
w2 = cos (120 2) + i sin (120 2) = cos 240 + i sin 240

=
1
3 1 i 3
i
=
2
2
2
I mportant Concepts and Formulas - Logarithms

I.
L ogarithm Basics
y
if y = log b x , then b = x
where log b x = y = log to the base b of x
Please note that b(base) is a positive positive real number, other than 1.
if x = by , then log b x = y
where log b x = y = log to the b b of x
Please note that b(base) is a positive positive real number, other than 1.
Ex am ple
16 = 24 (in this expression, 4 is the power or the exponent or the index and 2 is the base)
Hence we can say that
In other words, both
log 2 16 = 4 (i.e., log to the base 2 of 16 = 4)
16 = 24 and log2 16 = 4 are equivalent expressions.
If base = 10, then we can write log x instead of

log x is called as the common logarithm of x
If base = e, then we can write ln x instead of
ln x is called as the natural logarithm of x
log 10 x
loge x
Please note that e is a mathematical constant which is the base of the natural logarithm. It is known as
Euler's number. It is also called as Napier's constant
e= 1+
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
+ 2.71828
1 1.2 1.2.3 1.2.3.4
ex = 1 + x +
II.
x 2 x 3 x4
+
+
+
2! 3! 4!
L ogarithms - I mportant P roperties
III.
1.
log b1 = 0
b0 = 1 )
2.
log bb = 1
b1 = b )
3.
y = ln x
ey = x
4.
x = ey
ln x = y
5.
x = ln ex = eln x
6.
blog b x = x
7.
log b by = y
L aw s of L ogarithms
1.
log b MN = logb M + log b N
2.
log b
3.
log b M c = c log b M
4.
log b M =
M
= logb M log b N
N
1)
5.
log b a =
6. Let
IV.
(where b, M, N are positive real numbers and b 1)
(where b, M, N are positive real numbers and b 1)
(where b and M are positive real numbers , b 1, c is any real number)
logk M
log M
ln M
=
=
log b
ln b
logk b
1
log a b
(where b, k and M are positive real numbers, b 1, k
(where a and are positive real numbers, a 1, b 1)
log b M = logb N . Then M = N
Mantissa and Characteristic
where b, M and N are positive real numbers and b 1.
The logarithm of a number has two parts, known as characteristic and mantissa.
1. Characteristic
The internal part of the logarithm of a number is called its characteristic.
Case I: When the number is greater than 1.
In this case, the characteristic is one less than the number of digits in the left of the decimal point
in the given number.
Case II: When the number is less than 1.
In this case, the characteristic is one more than the number of zeros between the decimal point
and the first significant digit of the number and it is negative. Instead of -1, -2 etc. we write
1 (one bar), 2 (two bar), etc.
Exam ples
Num ber
Characteristic
612.25
16.291
2.1854
0.9413
0.03754
0.00235
2. Mantissa
The decimal part of the logarithm of a number is known is its mantissa. We normally find mantissa from
the log table.
Impor tant Concepts and For mulas - Number s

I.
Number Sets and P roperties of Numbers

a.
Counting Num bers (Natural num bers) : 1, 2, 3 ...
b.
Whole Num bers : 0, 1, 2, 3 ...
c.
Integers : -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 ...
d.
Rational Num bers

Rational numbers can be expressed as
11 4
8
,
, 0,
etc.
2 2
11
Examples:
a
where a and b are integers and b 0
b
All integers, fractions and terminating or recurring decimals are rational numbers.
e.
Irrational Num bers

Any number which is not a rational number is an irrational number. In other words, an irrational number is a number which cannot be expressed as
integers.
a
where a and b are
b
For instance, numbers whose decimals do not terminate and do not repeat cannot be written as a fraction and hence they are irrational numbers.
Example :
3
, 2 , (3 + 5) , 4 3 (meaning 4 3 ), 6 etc
Please note that the value of

70679...
We cannot
f.
= 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 41971 69399 37510 58209 74944 59230 78164 06286 20899 86280 34825 34211
as a simple fraction (The fraction 22/7 = 3.14.... is just an approximate value of )
Real Num bers

Real numbers include counting numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers and irrational numbers.
g.
Surds
a be any rational number and n be any positive integer such that n a is irrational. Then n a is a surd.
6
Example : 3 , 10 , 4 3 etc
9 3
27
Let
etc are not surds because they are not irrational numbers
II.
, e etc are not surds though they are irrational numbers.)
A ddition, Subtraction and Multiplication R ules for Even and Odd Numbers
Addition Rules for Ev en and Odd Num bers

1. The sum of any number of even numbers is always even
2. The sum of even number of odd numbers is always even
3. The sum of odd number of odd numbers is always odd
Subtraction Rules for Ev en and Odd Num bers

1. The difference of two even numbers is always even
2. The difference of two odd numbers is always even
Multiplication Rules for Ev en and Odd Num bers

1. The product of even numbers is always even
2. The product of odd numbers is always odd
3. If there is at least one even number multiplied by any number of odd numbers, the product is always even
III.
Divisibility
a.
Divisible By
One whole number is divisible by another if the remainder we get after the division is zero.
Examples
b.
i.
36 is divisible by 4 because 36 4 = 9 with a remainder of 0.
ii.
36 is divisible by 6 because 36 6 = 6 with a remainder of 0.
iii.
36 is not divisible by 5 because 36 5 = 7 with a remainder of 1.
Divisibility Rules
By using divisibility rules we can easily find out whether a given number is divisible by another number without actually performing the division. This helps to save time
especially when working with numbers.
Divisibility
Rule
Description
Ex am ples
Example1: Check if 64 is divisible by 2.
Divisibility
by 2
A number is divisible by 2 if
the last digit is even. i.e., if the
last digit is 0 or 2 or 4 or 6 or
8
The last digit of 64 is 4 (even). Hence 64

is divisible by 2
The last digit of 69 is 9 (not even). Hence
69 is not divisible by 2
A number is divisible by
3 if the sum of the digits
is divisible by 3
Divisibility
by 3

apply this rule to the
answer again and again if
we need)

3 + 8 + 7 = 18.
18 is divisible by 3. Hence 387 is divisible
by 3
4 + 2 + 1 = 7.
7 is not divisible by 3. Hence 421 is not
divisible by 3
Divisibility
by 4
the number formed by the last
two digits is divisible by 4.
Number formed by the last two digits =

16.
16 is divisible by 4. Hence 416 is divisible
by 4
Number formed by the last two digits =
81.
divisible by 4
Last digit is 5. Hence 305 is divisible by 5.
Divisibility

Last digit is 0. Hence 420 is divisible by 5.
by 5
the last digit is either 0 or 5.

Last digit is 2. Hence 312 is not divisible
by 5.
546 is divisible by 2. 546 is also divisible
by 3. (Check the divisibility rule of
2 and3 to find out this)
Hence 546 is divisible by 6
633 is not divisible by 2 though 633 is
divisible by 3. (Check the divisibility rule
of 2 and 3 to find out this)
Divisibility
by 6
A number is divisible by 6 if it
is divisible by both 2 and 3.
Hence 633 is not divisible by 6

635 is not divisible by 2. 635 is also not
divisible by 3. (Check the divisibility rule
428 is divisible by 2 but 428 is not
divisible by 3.(Check the divisibility rule of
2 and 3 to find out this)

divisible by 7, double the last
digit and subtact it from the
remaining digits.
Divisibility
by 7
Repeat this process until we

get at a smaller number whose
divisibility we know.
If this smaller number is 0 or
divisible by 7, the original
number is also divisible by 7.
Given number = 349

34 - (9 2) = 34 - 18 = 16
divisible by 7
Given number = 364
36 - (4 2) = 36 - 8 = 28
divisible by 7
Example3: Check if 3374 is divisible by
7.
Given number = 3374
337 - (4 2) = 337 - 8 = 329
32 - (9 2) = 32 - 18 = 14
divisible by 7.
Hence 3374 is also divisible by 7.
8.
The number formed by the last three digits
of 7624 = 624.
divisible by 8.
divisible by 8.
Divisibility
by 8
three digits is divisible by 8.

of 129437464 = 464.
also divisible by 8.

by 8.
of 737460 = 460.
also not divisible by 8.
by 9.
3 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 2 + 1 = 27
divisible by 9.
Divisibility
by 9
the sum of its digits is divisible
by 9.
apply this rule to the answer
again and again if we need)

9.
4 + 7 + 1 + 2 + 8 = 22
not divisible by 9.
divisible by 9.
4 + 9+ 7 + 5 + 2 + 9 + 1 + 9 + 8 + 9=
63
Since 63 is big, we can use the same
method to see if it is divisible by 9.
6+3=9
divisible by 9.
Hence 4975291989 is also divisible by 9.
10.
Divisibility
by 10
the last digit is 0.
Last digit is 0. Hence 2570 is divisible by

10.
10.
Last digit is not 0. Hence 5462 is not
divisible by 10
11.
8 + 1 + 6 = 15
5+3=8
15 - 8 = 7
not divisible by 11.

divisible by 11, find the sum
of the odd numbered digits
and the sum of the even
numbered digits.
Divisibility
by 11
Now substract the lower

number obtained from the
bigger number obtained.
If the number we get is 0 or

by 11.
2+3+1+2=8
7 + 7 + 5 = 19
19 - 8 = 11
11.
9 + 7 = 16
5=5
16 - 5 = 11
divisible by 11.
11.
9 + 4 = 13
5 + 8 = 13
13 - 13 = 0
We got the difference as 0. Hence 9548 is
divisible by 11.

12.
720 is divisible by 3 and 720 is also
divisible by 4. (Check the divisibility rules
Hence 720 is also divisible by 12
12.
916 is not divisible by 3 , though 916 is
divisible by 4.(Check the divisibility rules
Divisibility
by 12
the number is divisible by both
3 and 4

12.
921 is divisible by 3. But 921 is not
12.
827 is not divisible by 3. 827 is also not
13.
Given number = 349
34 + (9 4) = 34 + 36 = 70
divisible by 349
13.

divisible by 13, multiply the
last digit by 4 and add it to the
remaining digits.
Divisibility
by 13
Repeat this process until we

get at a smaller number whose
divisibility we know.
Given number = 572

57 + (2 4) = 57 + 8 = 65
divisible by 13
13.
Given number = 68172
6817 + (2 4) = 6817 + 8 = 6825
682 + (5 4) = 682 + 20 = 702
70 + (2 4) = 70 + 8 = 78
divisible by 13.
13.
Given number = 651
65 + (1 4) = 65 + 4 = 69
divisible by 13
14
238 is divisible by 2 . 238 is also divisible
by 7. (Please check the divisibility rule of

14
Divisibility
by 14
it is divisible by both 2 and 7.

14.
divisible by 7.(Please check the divisibility
rule of 2 and 7 to find out this)
14.
175 is not divisible by 2 , though it is
divisible by 7.(Please check the divisibility
14.
337 is not divisible by 2 and also by 7
(Please check the divisibility rule of
2 and7 to find out this)
15
15
15.
Divisibility
by 15
A number is divisible by 15 If
it is divisible by both 3 and 5.

divisible by 5. (Please check the divisibility
15.
485 is not divisible by 3 , though it is
15.
487 is not divisible by 3 . It is also not
divisible by 5 (Please check the divisibility
by 16.
The number formed by the last four digits
of 5696512 = 6512
Divisibility
by 16
four digits is divisible by 16.

by 16.
The number formed by the last four digits
of 3326976 = 6976
divisible by 16.
of 732374360 = 4360
732374360 is also not divisible by 16.

the last digit by 5 and
subtract it from the
remaining digits.
Divisibility
by 17
Repeat this process until

you arrive at a smaller
number whose divisibility
you know.
divisible by 17, the
divisible by 17.

by 17.
Given Number = 500327
50032 - (7 5 )= 50032 - 35 = 49997
4999 - (7 5 ) = 4999 - 35 = 4964
496 - (4 5 ) = 496 - 20 = 476
47 - (6 5 ) = 47 - 30 = 17
also divisible by 17
by 17.
52146 - (1 5 )= 52146 -5 = 52141
5214 - (1 5 ) = 5214 - 5 = 5209
520 - (9 5 ) = 520 - 45 = 475
47 - (5 5 ) = 47 - 25 = 22
not divisible by 17
18.
18.
Divisibility
by 18
A number is divisible by
18 if it is divisible by
both 2 and 9.

18.
18.
1287 is not divisible by 2 though it is


19.
the last digit by 2 and

add it to the number
formed by the remaining
digits.
Divisibility
by 19
Repeat this process until

you arrive at a smaller
number whose divisibility
you know.
divisible by 19, the
divisible by 19.

7468 + (9 2 )= 7468 + 18 = 7486
748 + (6 2 ) = 748 + 12 = 760
76 + (0 2 ) = 76 + 0 = 76
divisible by 19
19.
7123 + (4 2 )= 7123 + 8 = 7131
713 + (1 2 )= 713 + 2 = 715
71 + (5 2 )= 71 + 10 = 81
not divisible by 19
20
thedivisibility rule of 10 to find out this).
The tens digit = 2 = even digit.
20
it is divisible by 10 and the
tens digit is even.
Divisibility
by 20
(There is one more rule to see

if a number is divisible by 20
which is given below.
the number is divisible by both
4 and 5)

The tens digit = 2 = even digit.
20
But the tens digit = 5 = not an even digit.
20
1325 is not divisible by 10 (Please check
the divisibility rule of 10 to find out this)
though the tens digit = 2 = even digit.
IV.
What are Factors of a Number and how to find it out?

a.
F actors of a num ber

If one number is divisible by a second number, the second number is a factor of the first number
The lowest factor of any positive number = 1
The highest factor of any positive number = the number itself
Exam ple
The factors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9 12, 18, 36 because each of these numbers divides 36 with a remainder of 0
b.
How to find out factors of a num ber

i.
Write down 1 and the number itself (lowest and highest factors).
ii.
Check if the given number is divisible by 2 (Reference: Divisibility by 2 rule)

If the number is divisible by 2, write down 2 as the second lowest factor and divide the given number by 2 to get the second highest factor
iii.
Check for divisibility by 3, 4,5, and so on. till the beginning of the list reaches the end
Exam ple1: F ind out the factors of 72

i.
Write down 1 and the number itself (72) as lowest and highest factors.
1 . . . 72
ii.
72 is divisible by 2 (Reference: Divisibility by 2 Rule).

72 2 = 36. Hence 2nd lowest factor = 2 and 2ndhighest factor = 36. So we can write as
1, 2 . . . 36, 72
iii.

72 3 = 24 . Hence 3rd lowest factor = 3 and 3rdhighest factor = 24. So we can write as
1, 2, 3, . . . 24, 36, 72
iv.

72 4 = 18. Hence 4th lowest factor = 4 and 4thhighest factor = 18. So we can write as
1, 2, 3, 4, . . . 18, 24, 36, 72
v.
vi.
72 is not divisible by 5 (Reference: Divisibility by 5 Rule)

72 6 = 12. Hence 5th lowest factor = 6 and 5thhighest factor = 12. So we can write as
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, . . . 12, 18, 24, 36, 72
vii.
72 is not divisible by 7 (Reference: Divisibility by 7 Rule)
viii.

72 8 = 9. Hence 6th lowest factor = 8 and 6thhighest factor = 9.
Now our list is complete and the factors of 72 are
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9 12, 18, 24, 36, 72
Exam ple2: F ind out the factors of 22

i.
Write down 1 and the number itself (22) as lowest and highest factors
1 . . . 22
ii.

22 2 = 11. Hence 2nd lowest factor = 2 and 2ndhighest factor = 11. So we can write as
1, 2 . . . 11, 22
iii.
22 is not divisible by 3 (Reference: Divisibility by 3 Rule).
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x.

Now our list is complete and the factors of 22 are
1, 2, 11, 22
c.
Im portant Properties of F actors

If a number is divisible by another number, then it is also divisible by all the factors of that number.
Example : 108 is divisible by 36 because 106 38 = 3 with remainder of 0.
The factors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9 12, 18, 36 because each of these numbers divides 36 with a remainder of 0.
Hence, 108 is also divisible by each of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36.
V.
What are P rime Numbers and Composite Numbers?

a.
Prim e Num bers

A prime number is a positve integer that is divisible byitself and 1 only. Prime numbers will have exactly two integer factors.
Examples: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, etc.
Please note the following facts

Zero is not a prime number because zero is divisible by more than two factors. Zero can be divided by 1, 2, 3 etc.
(0 1 = 0, 0 2 = 0 ...)
One is not a prime number because it does not have two factors. It is divisible by only 1
b.
Com posite Num bers

Composite numbers are numbers that have more than two factors. A composite number is divisible by at least one number other than 1 and itself.
Examples: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, etc.
Please note that zero and 1 are neither prime numbers nor composite numbers.
Every whole number is either prime or composite, with two exceptions 0 and 1 which are neither prime nor composite
VI.
What are P rime Factorization and P rime factors ?

a.
Prim e factor
The factors which are prime numbers are called prime factors
b.
Prim e factorization
Prime factorization of a number is the expression of the number as the product of its prime factors
Exam ple 1:
Prime factorization of 280 can be written as 280 = 2 2 2 5 7 = 23 5 7 and the prime factors of 280 are 2, 5 and 7
Exam ple 2:
Prime factorization of 72 can be written as 72 = 2 2 2 3 3 = 23 32 and the prime factors of 72 are 2 and 3
c.
How to find out prim e factorization and prim e factors of a num ber
Repeated Division Method : In order to find out the prime factorization of a number, repeatedly divide the number by the smallest prime number possible(2,3,5,7,11, ...)
until the quotient is 1.
Exam ple 1: Find out Prime factorization of 280
2 280
2 140
2 70
5 35
Hence, prime factorization of 280 can be written as 280 = 2 2 2 5 7 = 23 5 7 and the prime factors of 280 are 2, 5 and 7
Exam ple 2: Find out Prime factorization of 72

2 72
2 36
2 18
3 9
3 3
Hence, prime factorization of 72 can be written as 72 = 2 2 2 3 3 = 23 32 and the prime factors of 72 are 2 and 3
d.
Im portant Properties
Every whole number greater than 1 can be uniquely expressed as the product of its prime factors. For example, 700 = 22 52 7
VII.
VIII.
Multiples
Multiples of a whole number are the products of that number with 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on
Example : Multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ...
If a number x divides another number y exactly with a remainder of 0, we can say that x is a factor of y and y is a multiple of x
For instance, 4 divides 36 exactly with a remainder of 0. Hence 4 is a factor of 36 and 36 is a multiple of 4
What is L east Common Multiple (L CM) and how to find L CM

a.
Least Com m on Multiple (LCM)

Least Common Multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the smallest number that is a multiple of all the numbers
Example: LCM of 3 and 4 = 12 because 12 is the smallest multiple which is common to 3 and 4 (In other words, 12 is the smallest number which is divisible by both 3
and 4)
We can find out LCM using prime factorization method or division method
b.
How to find out LCM using prim e factorization m ethod

Step1 : Express each number as a product of prime factors.
Step2 : LCM = The product of highest powers of all prime factors
Exam ple 1 : Find out LCM of 8 and 14
Step1 : Express each number as a product of prime factors. (Reference: Prime Factorization and how to find out Prime Factorization)
8 = 23
14 = 2 7
Here the prime factors are 2 and 7
The highest power of 2 here = 23
Hence LCM = 23 7 = 56
Exam ple 2 : Find out LCM of 18, 24, 9, 36 and 90
Step1 : Express each number as a product of prime factors (Reference: Prime Factorization and how to find out Prime Factorization).
18 = 2 32
24 = 23 3
9 = 32
36 = 23 32
90 = 2 5 32
Here the prime factors are 2, 3 and 5
Hence LCM = 23 32 5 = 360
c.
How to find out LCM using Div ision Method (shortcut)

Step 1 : Write the given numbers in a horizontal line separated by commas.
Step 2 : Divide the given numbers by the smallest prime number which can exactly divide at least two of the given numbers.
Step 3 : Write the quotients and undivided numbers in a line below the first.
Step 4 : Repeat the process until we reach a stage where no prime factor is common to any two numbers in the row.
Step 5 : LCM = The product of all the divisors and the numbers in the last line.
Exam ple 1 : Find out LCM of 8 and 14
2 8, 14
4, 7
Hence Least common multiple (L.C.M) of 8 and 14 = 2 4 7 = 56

Exam ple 2 : Find out LCM of 18, 24, 9, 36 and 90
2 18, 24, 9, 36, 90
9, 12, 9, 18, 45
9, 6, 9, 9, 45
3, 2, 3, 3, 15
1, 2, 1, 1, 5
Hence Least common multiple (L.C.M) of 18, 24, 9, 36 and 90 = 2 2 3 3 2 5 = 360
IX.
What is Highest Common Factor (HCF) or Greatest Common Measure (GCM) or Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) and How to find it out ?
a.
Highest Com m on F actor(H.C.F ) or Greatest Com m on Measure(G.C.M) or Greatest Com m on Divisor (G.C.D)
Highest Common Factor(H.C.F) or Greatest Common Measure(G.C.M) or Greatest Common Divisor (G.C.D) of two or more numbers is the greatest number which divides
each of them exactly.
Example : HCF or GCM or GCD of 60 and 75 = 15 because 15 is the highest number which divides both 60 and 75 exactly.
We can find out HCF using prime factorization method or division method
b.
How to find out HCF using prim e factorization m ethod

Step2 : HCF is the product of all common prime factors using the least power of each common prime factor.
Exam ple 1 : Find out HCF of 60 and 75 (Reference:Prime Factorization and how to find out Prime Factorization)
Step1 : Express each number as a product of prime factors.
60 = 22 3 5
75 = 3 52
Here, common prime factors are 3 and 5
The least power of 3 here = 3
Hence, HCF = 3 5 = 15
Exam ple 2 : Find out HCF of 36, 24 and 12
36 = 22 32
24 = 23 3
12 = 22 3
Here 2 and 3 are common prime factors.
Hence, HCF = 22 3 = 12
36 = 22 32
27 = 33
80 = 24 5
Step2 : HCF = HCF is the product of all common prime factors using the least power of each common prime factor.
Here you can see that there are no common prime factors.
Hence, HCF = 1
c.
How to find out HCF using prim e factorization m ethod - By dividing the num bers (shortcut)
Step 1 : Write the given numbers in a horizontal line separated by commas.
Step 2 : Divide the given numbers by the smallest prime number which can exactly divide all of the given numbers.
Step 3 : Write the quotients in a line below the first.
Step 4 : Repeat the process until we reach a stage where no common prime factor exists for all of the numbers.
Step 5 :We can see that the factors mentioned in the left side clearly divides all the numbers exactly and they are common prime factors. Their product is the HCF
Exam ple 1 : Find out HCF of 60 and 75
3 60, 75
5 20, 25
4, 5
We can see that the prime factors mentioned in the left side clearly divides all the numbers exactly and they are common prime factors. no common prime factor is
exists for the numbers came at the bottom.
Hence HCF = 3 5 =15.
2 36, 24, 12
2 18, 12, 6
3 9, 6, 3
3, 2, 1
Hence HCF = 2 2 3 = 12.
2 36, 24, 48
2 18, 12, 24
3 9, 6, 12
3, 2, 4
Hence HCF = 2 2 3 = 12.
d.
How to find out HCF using div ision m ethod(shortcut)
i.
To find out HCF of tw o giv en num bers using div ision m ethod
Step 1: Divide the larger number by the smaller number
Step 2: Divisor of step 1 is divided by its remainder
Step 3: Divisor of step 2 is divided by its remainder. Continue this process till we get 0 as remainder.
Step 4: Divisior of the last step is the HCF.
ii.
To find out HCF of three giv en num bers using div ision m ethod
Step 1: Find out HCF of any two numbers.
Step 2: Find out the HCF of the third number and the HCF obtained in step 1
Step 3: HCF obtained in step 2 will be the HCF of the three numbers
iii.
To find out HCF of m ore than three num bers using div ision m ethod
In a similar way as explained for three numbers, we can find out HCF of more than three numbers also

60) 75 (1
60
15) 60 (4
60
Hence HCF of 60 and 75 = 15

12) 48 (4
48

3224) 3556 (1
3224
332) 3224 (9
2988
236) 332 (1

Exam ple 3 : Find out HCF of 9, 27, and 48
Taken any two numbers and find out their HCF first. Say, let's find out HCF of 9 and 27 initially.
9) 27 (3
27

HCF of 9 ,27, 48 = HCF of [(HCF of 9, 27) and 48] = HCF of [9 and 48]
9) 48 (5
45
3) 9 (3
Hence, HCF of 9 ,27, 48 = 3

5) 7 (1
2) 5 (2

X.
How to calculate L CM and HCF for fractions

Least Com m on Multiple (L.C.M.) for fractions
LCM for fractions =
LCM of Numerators
HCF of Denominators
Exam ple 1: Find out LCM of
LCM =
LCM (1, 3, 3)
3
=
2
HCF (2, 8, 4)
Exam ple 2: Find out LCM of
LCM =
XI.
1 3 3
,
,
2 8 4
2 3
,
5 10
LCM (2, 3)
6
=
5
HCF (5, 10)
Highest Common Multiple (H.C.F) for fractions
HCF for fractions =
HCF of Numerators
LCM of Denominators
1) 2 (2
236
Exam ple 1: Find out HCF of
HCF =
HCF (3, 6, 9)
3
=
220
LCM (5, 11, 20)
Exam ple 2: Find out HCF of
HCF =
XII.
XIII.
3 6
9
,
,
5 11 20
4 2
,
5 3
HCF (4, 2)
2
=
15
LCM (5, 3)
How to calculate L CM and HCF for Decimals

Step 1 : Make the same number of decimal places in all the given numbers by suffixing zero(s) in required numbers as needed.
Step 2 : Now find the LCM/HCF of these numbers without decimal.
Step 3 : Put the decimal point in the result obtained in step 2 leaving as many digits on its right as there are in each of the numbers.
Exam ple1 : Find the LCM and HCF of .63, 1.05, 2.1
Step 1 : Make the same number of decimal places in all the given numbers by suffixing zero(s) in required numbers as needed.
i.e., the numbers can be writtten as .63, 1.05, 2.10
Step 2 : Now find the LCM/HCF of these numbers without decimal.
Without decimal, the numbers can be written as 63, 105 and 210 .
LCM (63, 105 and 210) = 630
HCF (63, 105 and 210) = 21
Step 3 : Put the decimal point in the result obtained in step 2 leaving as many digits on its right as there are in each of the numbers.
i.e., here, we need to put decimal point in the result obtained in step 2 leaving two digits on its right.
i.e., the LCM (.63, 1.05, 2.1) = 6.30
HCF (.63, 1.05, 2.1) = .21
How to compare fractions?

a.
Type 1 : F ractions w ith sam e denom inators.

Compare
3
1
and
5
5
These fractions have same denominator. So just compare the numerators. Bigger the numerator, bigger the number.
3 > 1. Hence
3 1
>
5 5
Exam ple 2: Compare
2
3
8
and
and
7
7
7
These fractions have same denominator. So just compare the numerators. Bigger the numerator, bigger the number.
8 > 3 > 2. Hence
b.
8 3 2
> >
7 7 7
Type 2 : F ractions w ith sam e num erators.

Exam ple 1: Compare
3
3
and
5
8
These fractions have same numerator. So just compare the denominators. Bigger the denominator, smaller the number.
8 > 5. Hence
3 3
<
8 5
Exam ple 2: Compare
7
7
7
and
and
8
2
5
These fractions have same numerator. So just compare the denominators. Bigger the denominator, smaller the number.
8 > 5 > 2. Hence
c.
7 7 7
< <
8 5 2
Type 3 : F ractions w ith different num erators and denom inators.

Exam ple 1: Compare
3
4
and
5
7
To compare such fractions, find out LCM of the denominators. Here, LCM(5, 7) = 35
Now , convert each of the given fractions into an equivalent fraction with 35 (LCM) as the denominator.
The denominator of
3
is 5.
5
5 needs to be multiplied with 7 to get 35. Hence,
4
is 7.
7
7 needs to be multiplied with 5 to get 35. Hence,
3 37
21
=
=
5 57
35
The denominator of
4 45
20
=
=
7 75
35
21 20
>
35 35
Hence,
3 4
>
5 7
Or
Convert the fractions to decimals
3
= .6
5
4
= .5. . . (Need not find out the complete decimal value; just find out up to what is required for comparison. In this case the first digit itself is sufficient to do the
7
comparison)
.6 > .5...
Hence,
XIV.
3 4
>
5 7
Co-prime Numbers or R elatively P rime Numbers

Two numbers are said to be co-prime (also spelled coprime) or relatively prime if they do not have a common factor other than 1. i.e., if their HCF is 1.
Exam ple1: 3, 5 are co-prime numbers (Because HCF of 3 and 5 = 1)
Exam ple2: 14, 15 are co-prime numbers (Because HCF of 14 and 15 = 1)
A set of numbers is said to be pairwise co-prime (or pairwise relatively prime) if every two distinct numbers in the set are co-prime
Exam ple1 : The numbers 10, 7, 33, 13 are pairwise co-prime, because HCF of any pair of the numbers in this is 1.
HCF (10, 7) = HCF (10, 33) = HCF (10, 13) = HCF (7, 33) = HCF (7, 13) = HCF (33, 13) = 1.
Exam ple2 : The numbers 10, 7, 33, 14 are not pairwise co-prime because HCF(10, 14) = 2 1 and HCF(7, 14) = 7 1.
If a number is divisible by two co-prime numbers, then the number is divisible by their product also.
Example
3, 5 are co-prime numbers (Because HCF of 3 and 5 = 1)
14325 is divisible by 3 and 5.
3 5 = 15
Hence 14325 is divisible by 15 also
If a number is divisible by more than two pairwise co-prime numbers, then the number is divisible by their product also.
Example1 : The numbers 3, 4, 5 are pairwise co-prime because HCF of any pair of numbers in this is 1
1440 is divisible by 3, 4 and 5.
3 4 5 = 60. Hence 1440 is also divisible by 60
Example2
The numbers 3, 4, 9 are not pairwise co-prime because HCF (3, 9 ) = 3 1
1440 is divisible by 3, 4 and 9.
3 X 4 X 9 = 108. However 1440 is not divisible by 108 as 3, 4, 9 are not pairwise co-prime
XV.
I mportant P oints to Note on L CM and HCF
Product of two numbers = Product of their HCF and LCM.

Example
LCM (8, 14) = 56
HCF (8, 14) = 2

LCM (8, 14) HCF (8, 14) = 56 2 = 112
8 14 = 112
Hence LCM (8, 14) HCF (8, 14) = 8 14
I mportant Concepts and Formulas - Sequence and

Series
1.
A rithmetic P rogression (A .P .) (or A rithmetic Sequence)

Arithmetic progression (AP) is a sequence of numbers in which each term after the first is obtained by
adding a constant, d to the preceding term. The constant d is called common difference.
An arithmetic progression is given by a, (a + d), (a + 2d), (a + 3d), ...

where a = the first term , d = the common difference
Examples for Arithmetic Progressions
1, 3, 5, 7, ... is an arithmetic progression (AP) with a = 1 and d = 2
7, 13, 19, 25, ... is an arithmetic progression (AP) with a = 7 and d= 6
a.
n th term of an arithm etic progression
t n = a + (n 1)d
where t n = nth term, a= the first term , d= common difference
Ex am ple 1 : Find 10th term in the series 1, 3, 5, 7, ...
a =1
d =3 1 =2
10th term, t 10 = a + (n-1)d = 1 + (10 1)2 = 1 + 18 = 19
Ex am ple 2 : Find 16th term in the series 7, 13, 19, 25, ...
a =7
d = 13 7 = 6
16th term, t 16 = a + (n-1)d = 7 + (16 1)6 = 7 + 90 = 97
b.
Num ber of term s of an arithm etic progression
n=
(l a)
+1
d
where n = number of terms, a= the first term , l = last term, d= common difference
Ex am ple : Find the number of terms in the series 8, 12, 16, . . .72
a =8
l = 72
d = 12 8 = 4
n=
c.
(l a)
(72 8)
64
+1 =
+1 =
+ 1 = 16 + 1 = 17
d
4
4
Sum of first n term s in an arithm etic progression
Sn =
n
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = [ a + l ]
2
2
where a = the first term,
d= common difference,
l = t n = nth term = a + (n 1)d
Ex am ple 1 : Find 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + 16 + . . . up to 20 terms

a =4
d =7 4 =3
Sum of first 20 terms, S20
n
20
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] =
[ (2 4) + (20 1)3 ]
2
2
= 10[8 + (19 3)] = 10[8 + 57] = 650
Ex am ple 2 : Find 6 + 9 + 12 + . . . + 30
a =6
l = 30
d =9 6 =3
n=
(l a)
(30 6)
24
+1 =
+1 =
+1 = 8+1 = 9
d
3
3
Sum, S =
d.
n
9
9
[ a + l ] = [ 6 + 30 ] = 36 = 9 18 = 162
2
2
2
Arithm etic Mean
If a, b, c are in AP, b is the Arithmetic Mean (A.M.) between a and c.

In this case,
b=
1
(a + c)
2
The Arithmetic Mean (A.M.) between two numbers a and b =
1
(a + b)
2
If a, a1, a2 ... an, b are in AP we can say that a1, a2... an are the n Arithmetic Means between a
and b.
e.
If a, b, c are in AP, 2b = a + c
To solve most of the problems related to A.P., the terms can be conveiently taken as
3 terms : (a d), a, (a +d)
4 terms : (a 3d), (a d), (a + d), (a +3d)
f.
5 terms : (a 2d), (a d), a, (a + d), (a +2d)
g.
T n = Sn - Sn-1
h.
If each term of an A.P. is increased, decreased , multiplied or divided by the same non-zero
constant, the resulting sequence also will be in A.P.
i.
2.
In an A.P., sum of terms equidistant from beginning and end will be constant
Harmonic P rogression (H.P .) (or H armonic Sequence)
Non-zero numbers a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , . . . an are in H.P. if
1
1
1
1
,
,
, ...
are in A.P.
a1
a2
a3
an
Examples for Harmonic Progressions
1 1 1
, ,
, is a harmonic progression (H.P.)
2 6 10
Three non-zero numbers a, b, c will be in HP, if
1 1 1
,
,
are in A.P.
a
b c
If a, (a+d), (a+2d), . . . are in A.P., nthterm of the A.P. = a + (n - 1)d

Hence, if
1
1
1
1
,
,
, are in H.P., nthterm of the H.P. =
a a + d a + 2d
a + (n 1)d
If a, b, c are in HP, b is the Harmonic Mean(H.M.) between a and c

In this case,
b=
2ac
a +c
The Harmonic Mean (H.M.) between two numbers a and b =
2ab
a +b
If a, a1, a2 ... an, b are in H.P. we can say that a1, a2 ... an are the n Harmonic Means between a
and b.
If a, b, c are in HP,
3.
2 1 1
= +
b a c
Geometric P rogression (G.P .) (or Geometric Sequence)

A sequence of non-zero numbers is a Geometric Progression (G.P.) if the ratio of any term and its
preceding term is always constant.
A Geometric Progression (G.P.) is given by a, ar, ar2, ar3, ...

where a = the first term , r = the common ratio
Examples for Geometric Progressions

1, 3, 9, 27, ... is a geometric progression (G.P.) with a = 1 and r = 3
2, 4, 8, 16, ... is a geometric progression (G.P.) with a = 2 and r = 2
a.
n th term of a geom etric progression (G.P.)
t n = a r n1
where t n = nth term, a= the first term , r = common ratio, n = number of terms
Ex am ple 1 : Find the 10th term in the series 2, 4, 8, 16, ...
a = 2,
r=
4
= 2, n = 10
2
10th term, t 10 = a r
n1
= 2 2101 = 2 29 = 2 512 = 1024
Ex am ple 2 : Find 5th term in the series 5, 15, 45, ...

a = 5,
r=
15
= 3, n = 5
5
5th term, t 5 = a r
b.
n1
= 5 351
= 5 34 = 5 81 = 405
Sum of first n term s in a geom etric progression (G.P.)
a(r n 1)
r1
(if r > 1)
a(1 r n )
1r
(if r < 1)
Sn =
where a= the first term , r = common ratio, n = number of terms
Ex am ple 1 : Find 4 + 12 + 36 + ... up to 6 terms
a = 4,
r=
12
= 3, n = 6
4
S6 =
Here r > 1. Hence,
Ex am ple 2 : Find
Here r < 1. Hence,
c.
1 1
+ +
2 4
1+
1
( )
2
a = 1, r =
1
a(r n 1)
4(36 1)
4(729 1)
4 728
=
=
=
= 2 728 = 1456
r1
31
2
2
1
,
2
S6 =
... up to 5 terms
n =5
a(1 r )
=
1r
1
1 [1 ( )
2
(1
]
=
1
)
2
1
)
32
1
( )
2
(1
31
)
32
=
1
( )
2
(
31
15
=1
16
16
Sum of an infinite geom etric progression (G.P.)
S =
a
1r
(if 0 < r < 1)
where a= the first term , r = common ratio
Ex am ple
a = 1,
: Find 1 +
1
( )
2
r=
1
1 1 1
+ + + ...
2 4 8
Here 0 < r < 1. Hence,
d.
1
2
S =
a
=
1r
1
1
(1 )
2
1
1
( )
2
=2
Geom etric Mean
If three non-zero numbers a, b, c are in G.P., b is the Geometric Mean (G.M.) between a and c.
In this case,
ac
b =
The Geometric Mean (G.M.) between two numbers a and b =
ab
(Note that if a and b are of opposite sign, their G.M. is not defined.)
e.
If a, b, c are in G.P., b2 = ac
f.
If a, b, c are in G.P.,
g.
In a G.P., product of terms equidistant from beginning and end will be constant.
a b
a
=
bc
b
To solve most of the problems related to G.P., the terms of the G.P. can be conveiently taken as
h.
4.
3 terms :
a
, a, ar
r
5 terms :
a a
,
, a, ar, ar2
2
r
r
R elationship Betw een A rithmetic Mean, Harmonic Mean, and Geometric Mean of
Tw o Numbers
If GM, AM and HM are the Geometic Mean, Arithmetic Mean and Harmonic Mean of two positive
numbers respectively, then
GM2 = AM HM
5.
Some I nteresting P roperties to Note
Three numbers a, b and c are in AP if
b=
a +c
2
Three non-zero numbers a, b and c are in HP if
Three non-zero numbers a, b and c are in HP if
b=
2ac
a +c
a b
a
=
bc
c
Let A, G and H be the A.M., G.M. and H.M. between two distinct positive numbers. Then
i. A > G > H
ii. A, G and H are in GP
If a series is both an A.P. and G.P., all terms of the series will be equal. In other words, it will be a
constant sequence.
6.
P ow er Series : I mportant formulas
1.
1 + 1 + 1 + n terms = 1 = n
2.
1+2+3++n = n =
3.
12 + 22 + 32 + + n 2 = n 2 =
4.
n 2 (n + 1)
1 + 2 + 3 + + n = n =
4
3
n(n + 1)
2
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
2
n(n + 1)
]
=[
2
I mportant Concepts and Formulas - Trigonometry

I.
Trigonometric Basics
sin =
opposite side
y
=
hypotenuse
r
cos =
adjacent side
x
=
hypotenuse
r
tan =
opposite side
y
=
adjacent side
x
csc =
hypotenuse
r
=
opposite side
y
sec =
hypotenuse
r
=
adjacent side
x
cot =
adjacent side
x
=
opposite side
y
From Pythagorean theorem,
II.
x2 + y 2 = r 2
for the right angled triangle mentioned above
Basic Trigonometric Values
in degrees in radians
sin
cos
tan
0
III.
30
1
2
3
2
45
1
2
1
2
60
3
2
1
2
90
Not defined
180
-1
270
3
2
-1
Not defined
360
Trigonometric Formulas
Degrees to Radians and vice versa
360 = 2 radian
Trigonom etry Quotient F orm ulas
tan =
sin
cos
cot =
cos
sin
1
3
Trigonom etry - Reciprocal F orm ulas
csc =
1
sin
sec =
1
cos
cot =
1
tan
Trigonom etry - Pythagorean F orm ulas
sin 2 + cos2 = 1
sec2 tan 2 = 1
csc2 cot 2 = 1
Trigonom etry - Even-Odd F orm ulas
sin () = sin
cos () = cos
tan () = tan
csc () = csc
sec () = sec
cot () = cot
Trigonom etry - Periodic F orm ulas

if n is an integer,
sin ( + 2n) = sin

cos ( + 2n) = cos
tan ( + 2n) = tan
csc ( + 2n) = csc
sec ( + 2n) = sec
cot ( + 2n) = cot
(In these formulas, is mentioned in radians. If is in degrees, substitute 360 for
Trigonometry - Reduction Formulas

F irst Quadrant
sin(
) = cos
2
cos( ) = sin
2
Second Quadrant
sin(
+ ) = cos
2
cos( + ) = sin
2
tan(
) = cot
2
tan(
+ ) = cot
2
csc(
) = sec
2
csc(
+ ) = sec
2
sec( ) = csc
2
tan(
) = tan
2
Third Quadrant
sec( + ) = csc
2
cot(
+ ) = tan
2
sin( ) = sin
cos( ) = cos
tan( ) = tan
csc( ) = csc
sec( ) = sec
cot( ) = cot
F ourth Quadrant
sin( + ) = sin
sin(2 ) = sin
cos( + ) = cos
cos(2 ) = cos
tan( + ) = tan
tan(2 ) = tan
csc( + ) = csc
csc(2 ) = csc
sec( + ) = sec
sec(2 ) = sec
2 )
cot( + ) = cot
cot(2 ) = cot
(Note that in the above formulas, is mentioned in radians)
Trigonom etry - Sum -Difference F orm ulas
sin(1 + 2 ) = sin 1 cos 2 + cos 1 sin 2

sin(1 2 ) = sin 1 cos 2 cos 1 sin 2
cos(1 + 2 ) = cos 1 cos 2 sin 1 sin 2
cos(1 2 ) = cos 1 cos 2 + sin 1 sin 2
tan(1 + 2 ) =
tan 1 + tan 2
1 tan 1 tan 2
tan(1 2 ) =
tan 1 tan 2
1 + tan 1 tan 2
Trigonom etry - Double Angle F orm ulas
sin(2) = 2 sin cos

cos(2) = cos2 sin 2 = 1 2 sin 2 = 2 cos2 1
tan(2) =
2 tan
1 tan 2
sin =
cos =
tan =
ei ei
2i
ei + ei
2
ei ei
(ei + ei ) i
csc =
2i
ei ei
sec =
2
ei + ei
cot =
(ei + ei ) i
ei ei
Trigonom etry - Sum -to-Product F orm ulas
sin 1 + sin 2 = 2 sin (
1 + 2
1 2
) cos (
)
2
2
sin 1 sin 2 = 2 cos (
1 + 2
1 2
) sin (
)
2
2
cos 1 + cos 2 = 2 cos (
1 + 2
1 2
) cos (
)
2
2
cos 1 cos 2 = 2 sin (
1 + 2
1 2
) sin (
)
2
2
Trigonom etry - Product-to-Sum F orm ulas
sin 1 sin 2 =
1
[cos (1 2 ) cos(1 + 2 )]
2
cos 1 cos 2 =
1
[cos (1 2 ) + cos(1 + 2 )]
2
sin 1 cos 2 =
1
[sin (1 + 2 ) + sin(1 2 )]
2
cos 1 sin 2 =
1
[sin (1 + 2 ) sin(1 2 )]
2
1. (935421 x 625) = ?
A. 542622125
B. 584632125
C. 544638125
D. 584638125

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
10
935421 625 = 935421 5 = 935421 ( )
2
4
935421 10000
= 584638125
16
2. Which of the following is a prime number ?

A. 9
B. 8
C. 4
D. 2

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
2 is a prime number
A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 which has no
positive divisors
other than 1 and itself.
Hence the primer numbers are 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,...
3. What is the largest 4 digit number exactly divisible by 88?

A. 9944
B. 9999
C. 9988
D. 9900

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Largest 4 digit number = 9999
9999 88 = 113, remainder = 55
Hence largest 4 digit number exactly divisible by 88 = 9999 - 55
= 9944
4. {(481 + 426)2 - 4 x 481 x 426} = ?

A. 3025
B. 4200
C. 3060
D. 3210

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
(a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
(a - b) 2 = a 2 - 2ab + b 2
Here, the given statement is like (a + b)2 - 4ab where a= 481

and b = 426
(a + b)2 - 4ab = (a2 + 2ab + b2) - 4ab = a2 - 2ab + b2 = (a b)2
Hence {(481 + 426)2 - 4 x 481 x 426} = (481 - 426)2 = 552 =
3025
5. (64 - 12)2 + 4 x 64 x 12 = ?
A. 5246
B. 4406
C. 5126
D. 5776

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
(a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
(a - b) 2 = a 2 - 2ab + b 2
Here, the given statement is like (a - b)2 + 4ab where a= 64

and b = 12
(a - b)2 + 4ab = (a2 - 2ab + b2) + 4ab = a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a +
b)2
Hence (64 - 12)2 + 4 x 64 x 12 = (64 + 12)2 = 762 = 5776
6. 121 x 54 = ?
A. 68225
B. 75625
C. 72325
D. 71225

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
10
121 5 = 121 ( )
2
4
121 10000
= 7.5625 10000 = 75625
16
7. If (232 + 1) is completely divisible by a whole number, which of the following numbers is completely
divisible by this number?
A. (296 + 1)
B. (7 x 223 )
C. (216 - 1)
D. (216 + 1)

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let 232 = x. Then (232 + 1) = (x + 1)
Assume that (x + 1) is completely divisible by a whole number,
N
(296 + 1) = {(232)3 + 1} = (x3 + 1) = (x + 1)(x2 - x + 1)
if (x + 1) is completely divisible by N, (x + 1)(x2 - x + 1) will
also be divisible by N
Hence (296 + 1) is completely divisible N
8. How many of the following numbers are divisible by 132 ? 264, 396, 462, 792, 968, 2178, 5184, 6336
A. 4
B. 3
C. 6
D. 8

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
If a number is divisible by two co-prime numbers, then the

number is divisible by their
product also.
If a number is divisible by more than two pairwise co-prime
numbers,
then the number is divisible by their product also.
Read more
If a number is divisible by another number, then it is also

divisible by all the factors
of that number.
Read more
Here 3, 4 and 11 are pairwise co-prime numbers. 132 = 3 4

11 . Also 3,4 and 11 are
factors of 132. Hence
if a number is divisible by 3, 4 and 11, the number will be

divisible by their product 132 also.
If a number is not divisible by 3 or 4 or 11, it is not divisible by
132
You must learn Divisibility Rules t o say whether a given number
is divisible by another number
without
actually
performing
the
division.
throughdivisibility rules before proceeding
Please
go
further.
264 is divisible by 3, 4 and 11 => 264 is divisible by 132
462 is divisible by 3 and 11, but not divisible by 4 => 462 is not
divisible by 132
968 is divisible by 4 and 11, but not divisible by 3 => 968 is not
divisible by 132
2178 is divisible by 3 and 11, but not divisible by 4 => 2178 is
not divisible by 132
5184 is divisible by 3 and 4, but not divisible by 11 => 5184 is
not divisible by 132
Hence, only 264, 396 ,792 and 6336 are divisible by 132. So the
answer is 4
9. All prime numbers are odd numbers

A. True
B. False

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
2 is even prime number
10. What is the unit digit in (6324)1797 (615)316 (341)476 ?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 0

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Unit digit in (6324)1797 = Unit digit in (4)1797 = Unit digit in
[(42)898 4]
= Unit digit in [16898 4] = Unit digit in (6 4) = 4
Unit digit in (615)316 = Unit digit in (5)316 = 5
Unit digit in (341)476 = Unit digit in (1)476 = 1
Hence, unit digit in (6324)1797 (625)316 (341)476 = Unit
digit in [4 5 1] = 0
11. 5216 x 51 = ?
A. 266016
B. 212016
C. 266436
D. 216314

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Normal way of multiplication may take time. Here are one
alternative.
5216 x 51 = (5216 x 50) + 5216 = (5216 x 100/2) + 5216
= 521600/2 + 5216 = 260800 + 5216 = 266016
12. Which of the following number is divisible by 24 ?

A. 31214
B. 61212
C. 512216
D. 3125832

Answer : Option D
Explanation :

product also.
numbers,
Read more

of that number.
Read more
24 = 3 8 where 3 and 8 are co-prime numbers. 3 and 8 are

also factors of 24. Hence
Hence if a number is divisible by 3, and 8, the number will be
If a number is not divisible by 3 or 8, it is not divisible by 24
without
actually
performing
the
division.
Please
go
further.
31214 is not divisible by 3 and 8 => 31214 is not divisible 24
61212 is not divisible by 8 though it is divisible by 3 => 61212 is
not divisible 24
512216 is not divisible by 3 though it is divisible by 8 => 512216
is not divisible 24
3125832 is divisible by 3 and 8 => 3125832 is divisible 24
719 719 + 347 347 719 347

719 719 719 + 347 347 347
1
25
A.
B.
372
133
1
5
C.
D.
1066
6
13.
=?

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
The given statement is in the form
a 2 + b2 ab
a 3 + b3
where a = 719 and b = 347
(Reference : Basic Algebraic Formulas)
a 2 + b2 ab
3
a3 + b
( a2 + b2 ab)
2
(a + b)(a 2 ab + b )
1
1
1
1
=
=
=
a +b
719 + 347
719 + 347
1066
14. If the number 481*673 is completely divisible by 9, what is the the smallest whole number in place of
*?
A. 3
B. 7
C. 5
D. 9

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let x be the smallest whole number in place of *
Given that 481*673 to be completely divisible by 9,
=> (4 + 8 + 1 + x + 6 + 7 + 3) is divisible by 9 (Reference :
Divisibility by 9)
=> (29 + x) is divisible by 9
x should be the smallest whole number, Hence, (29 + x) = 36
=> x = 36 - 29 = 7
15. If n is a natural number, then (6n2 + 6n) is always divisible by:

A. Both 6 and 12
B. 6 only
C. 12 only
D. None of these

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
6n2 + 6n = 6n(n + 1)
Hence 6n2 + 6n is always divisible by 6 and 12 ( remember
that n(n + 1) is always even)
16. 109 109 + 91 91 = ?

A. 20162
B. 18322
C. 13032
D. 18662

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
2
(a + b) + (a b) = 2(a 2 + b )
(Reference : Basic Algebraic Formulas)
1092 + 912 = (100 + 9) 2 + (100 9) 2 = 2(1002 + 92 ) = 2(10000 + 81) = 20162
17. When (6767 +67) is divided by 68, the remainder is

A. 0
B. 22
C. 33
D. 66

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
(x n + 1) is divisible by (x + 1) only when n is odd

=> (6767 + 1) is divisible by (67 + 1)
=> (6767 + 1) is divisible by 68

=> (6767 + 1) 68 gives a remainder of 0
=> [(6767 + 1) + 66] 68 gives a remainder of 66
=> (6767 + 67) 68 gives a remainder of 66
18.
(912 + 643) 2 + (912 643)2

(912 912 + 643 643)
A. 122
B. 2
C. 1
D. None of these
=?

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
(a + b) 2 + (a b) 2 = 2(a 2 + b2 )
(912 + 643) 2 + (912 643)2
(912 912 + 643 643)
(912 + 643) 2 + (912 643)2

(9122 + 6432 )
19. What is the smallest prime number?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
smallest prime number is 2.
0 and 1 are neither prime numbers nor composite numbers.
20. (23341379 x 72) = ?

A. 1680579288
B. 1223441288
C. 2142579288
D. 2142339288

2(9122 + 6432 )
(9122 + 6432 )
=2
Answer : Option A
Explanation :
23341379 x 72 = 23341379(70 + 2) = (23341379 x 70) +
(23341379 x 2)
= 1633896530 + 46682758 = 1680579288
21. If the number 5 * 2 is divisible by 6, then * = ?

A. 2
B. 7
C. 3
D. 6

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
A number is divisible by 6 if it is divisible by both 2 and 3

Read More
Replacing * by x
5 x 2 is divisible by 2 (Reference : Divisibility by 2 rule)
For 5 x 2 to be divisible by 3, 5 + x + 2 shall be divisible by
3(Reference : Divisibility by 3 rule)
=> 7 + x shall be divisible by 3
=> x can be 2 or 5 or 8
From the given choices, answer = 2
1
2
3
) + (1 ) + (1 ) +. . . up to n terms =?
n
n
n
n
A. (n 1)
B.
2
1
1
C.
(n 1)
D.
(n + 1)
2
2
22.
(1

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
1 + 1 + 1 + n terms = 1 = n
1+2+3++n = n =
n(n + 1)
2
(Reference : Click Here)
(1
1
2
3
) + (1 ) + (1 ) + ... up to n terms
n
n
n
= (1 + 1 + 1 + ... up to n terms) (
1 2 3
+ + + ... up to n terms)
n n n
= n
1
(1 + 2 + 3 + ... up to n terms)
n
= n
1 n(n + 1)
[
]
n
2
= n
(n + 1)
2
(2n n 1)
2
n1
2
23. What least number should be added to 1056, so that the sum is completely divisible by 23?
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
1056 23 = 45 with remainder = 21
Remainder = 21. 21 + 2 = 23. Hence 2 should be added to 1056
so that the sum will be
divisible by 23
24. 1398 x 1398 = ?

A. 1624404
B. 1851404
C. 1951404
D. 1954404

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
1398 x 1398
= (1398)2
= (1400 - 2)2
= 14002 - (2 1400 2) + 22
= 1960000 - 5600 + 4
= 1954404
Note : It will be great if you master speed maths techniques
based on Vedic Mathematics,
Trachtenberg System of Mathematics etc so that you can do
these calculations even faster
(Reference : Click Here)
25. On dividing a number by 56, we get 29 as remainder. On dividing the same number by 8, what will be
the remainder ?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
-------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------Number = 56x + 29 ( since the number gives 29 as remainder

on dividing by 56)
= (7 8 x) + (3 8) + 5
Hence, if the number is divided by 8, we will get 5 as remainder.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Number = 56x + 29
Let x = 1. Then the number = 56 1 + 29 = 85
85 8 = 10, remainder = 5
26. ? + 3699 + 1985 - 2047 = 31111

A. 21274
B. 27474
C. 21224
D. 27224

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let x + 3699 + 1985 - 2047 = 31111
=> x = 31111 - 3699 - 1985 + 2047 = 27474
27. the difference between a positive fraction and its reciprocal is 9/20 find the sum of that fraction and
its reciprocal.
41
20
11
C.
20
A.
17
20
9
D.
20
B.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
(Reference : Quadratic Equations and How to Solve Quadratic
Equations)
Let the fraction = x
Then x
1
9
=
x 20
x2 1
9
=
x
20
x2 1 =
9x
20
20x 2 20 = 9x
20x 2 9x 20 = 0
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
2
9 (9) 4 20 (20)
2 20
9
81
+ 1600
9 41
50
32
=
=
=
Or
40
40
40
40
Given that the fraction is positive. Hence

50 5
=
40 4
x=
1 4
=
x 5
x+
1 5 4 55+44
= + =
x 4 5
20
41
20
28. How many 3 digit numbers are completely divisible 6 ?

A. 146
B. 148
C. 150
D. 152

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
100/
6 = 16, remainder = 4. Hence 2 more should be added to
100 to get the minimum

3 digit number divisible by 6.
=> Minimum 3 digit number divisible by 6 = 100 + 2 = 102
999/
6 = 166, remainder = 3. Hence 3 should be decreased from
999 to get the maximum

3 digit number divisible by 6.
=> Maximum 3 digit number divisible by 6 = 999 - 3 = 996
Hence, the 3 digit numbers divisible by 6 are 102, 108, 114,...
996
This is Arithmetic Progression with a = 102 ,d = 6, l=996
Number of terms =
(l a)
(996 102)
894
+1 =
+1 =
+ 1 = 149 + 1 = 150
d
6
6
29. How many natural numbers are there between 43 and 200 which are exactly divisible by 6?
A. 28
B. 26
C. 24
D. 22

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
43/
6 = 7, remainder = 1. Hence 5 more should be added to 43 to
get the minimum

number divisible by 6 between 43 and 200.
=> Minimum number divisible by 6 between 43 and 200 = 43 + 5
= 48
200/
6 = 33, remainder = 2. Hence 2 should be decreased from
200 to get the maximum

number divisible by 6 between 43 and 200.
=> Maximum number divisible by 6 between 43 and 200 = 200 2 = 198

Hence, natural numbers numbers divisible by 6 between 43 and
200 are 48, 54, 60,...198
This is Arithmetic Progression with a = 48, d = 6, l=198
Number of terms =
(l a)
(198 48)
150
+1 =
+1 =
+ 1 = 25 + 1 = 26
d
6
6
30. What is the smallest 6 digit number exactly divisible by 111?

A. 100010
B. 100011
C. 100012
D. 100013

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Smallest 6 digit number = 100000
100000/
111 = 900, remainder = 100. Hence 11 more should be
added to 100000
to get the smallest 6 digit number exactly divisible by 111
=> smallest 6 digit number exactly divisible by 111 = 100000 +
11 = 100011
31. If x and y are positive integers such that (3x + 7y) is a multiple of 11, then which of the followings are
divisible by 11?
A. 9x + 4y
C. 4x - 9y
B. x + y + 4
D. 4x + 6y

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
By hit and trial method, we get x=5 and y=1 such that 3x + 7y
= 15 + 7 = 22 is a multiple of 11.
Then
(4x + 6y) = (4 5 + 6 1) = 26 which is not divisible by 11

(x + y + 4) = (5 + 1 + 4) = 10 which is not divisible by 11
(9x + 4y) = (9 5 + 4 1) = 49 which is not divisible by 11
(4x - 9y) = (4 5 - 9 1) = 20 - 9 = 11 which is divisible by
11
32. if (64)2 - (36)2 = 10x, then x = ?

A. 200
B. 220
C. 210
D. 280

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
(64)2 - (36)2 = (64 - 36)(64 + 36) = 28 100
Given that (64)2 - (36)2 = 10x
=> 28 100 = 10x
=> x = 280
33.
852 852 852 212 212 212

852 852 + 852 212 + 212 212
A. 640
B. 620
C. 740
D. None of these

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
a 3 b3 = (a b)(a 2 + ab + b2 )
=?
Given Equation is in the form

a 3 b3
a 2 + ab + b2
a 3 b3
a 2 + ab + b2
(a b)(a 2 + ab + b2 )

= (a b)
( a2 + ab + b2 )
Hence answer = (a - b) = (852 - 212) = 640
34.
2664 12 6 =?
A. 43
B. 41
C. 37
D. 33

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
2664 12 = 222
222 6 = 37
OR
2664 12 6 = 2664
35.
1
1
= 37
12 6
(422 + 404) (4 422 404) =?
A. None of these
B. 342
C. 324
D. 312

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
(a + b) 4ab = (a 2 + 2ab + b2 ) 4ab = (a2 2ab + b2 ) = (a b)
Given Equation is in the form (a + b) 4ab where a = 422 and b = 404

2
Hence answer = (a + b) 4ab = (a b) = (422 404) = 182 = 324
36. Which one of the following can't be the square of natural number ?
A. 128242
B. 128881
C. 130321
D. 131044

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Square of a natural number cannot end with 2 .
Hence 128242 cannot be the square of natural number
37. (32323 + 7344 + 41330) - (317 x 91) = ?

A. 54210
B. 54250
C. 52150
D. None of these

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Its speed and accuracy which decides the winner. You can use
various methods including
Vedic mathematics to do complex calculations quickly.
(32323 + 7344 + 41330) - (317 x 91) = 80997 - 28847 = 52150
38. (xn - an) is completely divisible by (x - a), if

A. n is an even natural number
B. n is and odd natural number
C. n is any natural number
D. n is prime

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
(xn - an) is completely divisible by (x - a) for every natural
number n
39. The number 97215*6 is completely divisible by 11. What is the smallest whole number in place of * ?
A. 4
B. 2
C. 1
D. 3

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
(Reference : Divisibility by 11 rule)
From the above given "Divisibility by 11 rule", it is clear that
if 97215*6 is divisible by 11, then (9 + 2 + 5 + 6) - (7 + 1 + *)
is divisible by 11
=> 22 - (8 + *) is divisible by 11
=> (14 - *) is divisible by 11
The smallest whole number which can be substituted in the
place of * to satisfy the
above equation is 3 such that 14 - 3 = 11 and 11 is divisible by
11.
Hence the answer is 3
40. (12 + 22 + 32 + ... + 102) = ?

A. 395
B. 375
C. 55
D. 385

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
(Reference : Power Series : Important formulas)
12 + 22 + 32 + + n 2 = n 2 =
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
12 + 22 + 32 + + 102 =
=
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
10(10 + 1)[(2 10) + 1]

6
10 11 21
10 11 7
=
= 385
6
2
41. If the product 4864 9a2 is divisible by 12, then what is the value of a?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 5
D. 6
Hide Answer | Discuss

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
(Reference : Divisibility by 12)
A number is divisible by 12 if the number is divisible by both 3

and 4
A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of the digits is divisible by
3
A number is divisible by 4 if the number formed by the last two
digits is divisible by 4.
4864 9a2 is divisible by 12

=> 4864 9a2 is divisible by 3
and 4864 9a2 is divisible by 4
4864 is divisible by 4 (Because number formed by the last two
digits = 64 which is divisible by 4)
Hence 4864 9a2 will also be divisible by 4
4864 is not divisible by 3 (because 4 + 8 + 6 + 4 = 22 which is
not divisible by 3)
Hence 9a2 should be divisible by 3 such that 4864 9a2 is
divisible by 3
=> 9 + a + 2 is divisible by 3
=> 11 + a is divisible by 3
Hence a can be 1 or 4 or 7 such that 11 + a is divisible by 3
So, from the given choices, 1 is the answer
42. -88 39 + 312 = ?

A. -3120
B. -3200
C. 3120
D. 3200

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Again a question on basic arithmetic. Many algebraic formulas
and Vedic Maths can help you
to solve such questions very fast.
-88 39 + 312 = -2112 + 312 = -3432 + 312 = -3120
OR
Since 88 can be written as 11 8,
-88 39 + 312 = -11 8 39 + 312
= -11 312 + 312 (Reference : Multiplication by 11 using
Speed Mathematics)
= -3432 + 312 = -3120
OR
-88 39 + 312 = -88 (40-1) + 312
= -88 40 + 88 + 312
= -3520 + 88 + 312
= -3120
OR
(using various Speed Mathematics Techniques)
43. 378 ? = 252
2
3
1
C.
2
A.
B.
3
4
D. None of these

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
378 ? = 252
252 126 14 2
?=
=
=
=
378 189 21 3
44. What least number should be subtracted from 13601 such that the remainder is divisible by 87 ?
A. 27
B. 28
C. 29
D. 30

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
13601 87 = 156, remainder = 29
Hence 29 is the least number which can be subtracted from
13601 such that the remainder
is divisible by 87
45. Which one of the given numbers is completely divisible by 45?

A. None of these
B. 165642
C. 202860
D. 112330

Answer : Option C
Explanation :

product also.
numbers,
Read more

of that number.
Read more
We know that 45 = 9 5 where 9 and 5 are co-prime numbers.

Also 9 and 5 are
if a number is divisible by 5 and 9, the number will be divisible
by their product 45 also.
without
actually
performing
the
division.
Please
go
further.
112330 is divisible by 5 but not divisible by 9 => 112330 is not
divisible by 45
202860 is divisible by 5 and 9 => 202860 is divisible by 45
165642 is not divisible by 5 and 9 => 165642 is not divisible by
45
Hence, 202860 is the answer
46. What is the remainder when 17200 is divided by 18 ?

A. 3
B. 2
C. 1
D. 4

Answer : Option C
Explanation :

Read More...
(17200 - 1200) is completely divisible by (17 + 1) as 200 is even.
=> (17200 - 1) is completely divisible by 18.
Hence, when 17200 is divided by 18, we will get 1 as remainder.
47. 12 + 22 + 32 + ... + 82 = ?
A. 204
B. 200
C. 182
D. 214

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
12 + 22 + 32 + + n 2 = n 2 =
12 + 22 + 32 + + 82 =
=
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
8(8 + 1)[(2 8) + 1]
6
8 9 17
4 9 17
=
= 4 3 17 = 204
6
3
48. 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 12 = ?
A. 66
B. 68
C. 76
D. 78

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
1+2+3++n = n =
1 + 2 + 3 + + 12 =
=
n(n + 1)
2
n(n + 1)
2
12(12 + 1)
2
12 13
= 6 13 = 78
2
49. 13 + 23 + 33 + ... + 63 = ?
A. 451
B. 441
C. 421
D. 401

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
n 2 (n + 1)
3
3
3
3
3
1 + 2 + 3 + + n = n =
4
n(n + 1)
]
13 + 23 + 33 + + 63 = [
2
2
= [3 7] = 212 = 441
n(n + 1)
]
=[
2
6(7)
]
=[
2
50. Which one of the following is a prime number ?

A. 307
B. 437
C. 247
D. 203

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
307 < 18
Prime numbers < 18 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17
Hence 307 is a prime number
437 < 21
Prime numbers < 21 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19
But 437 is divisible by 19 => 437 is not a prime number

247 < 16
Prime numbers < 16 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13
203 < 15
51. The difference of the squares of two consecutive even integers is divisible by which of the following
numbers?
A. 3
B. 6
C. 4
D. 7

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
--------------------------------------------------Solution 1
--------------------------------------------------Let the consecutive even integers are n and (n + 2)
difference of the squares = (n + 2)2 - n2 = (n2 + 4n + 4) - n2 =
4n + 4 = 4(n + 1)
which is divisible by 4
--------------------------------------------------Solution 2 (preferred way)
--------------------------------------------------Just take any of the two consecutive even integers say 2 and 4
difference of the squares = 42 - 22 = 16 - 4 = 12 which is
divisible by 4
52. Which one of the following numbers is completely divisible by 99?

A. 115909
B. 115919
C. 115939
D. 115929

Answer : Option D
Explanation :

product also.
numbers,
Read more

of that number.
Read more
We know that 99 = 9 11 where 9 and 11 are co-prime

numbers. Also 9 and 11 are
if a number is divisible by 9 and 11, the number will be divisible
by their product 99 also.
without
actually
performing
the
division.
Please
go
further.
115929 is divisible by both 9 and 11 => 115929 is divisible by 99
99
99
99
Hence, 115929 is the answer
612 612 612 + 321 321 321

612 612 612 321 + 321 321
53.
A. 933
B. 1000
C. 712
D. 843
=?

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
a 3 + b3 = (a + b)(a 2 ab + b2 )
Read more...
Given Equation is in the form
(a 3 + b3 )
(a 2 ab + b2 )
(a 3 + b3 )
(a 2 ab + b2 )
(a + b) (a 2 ab + b2 )
(a 2 ab + b2 )
= (a + b)
Hence answer = (a + b) = 612 + 321 = 933
54. How many terms are there in the G.P. 4, 8, 16, 32, ... , 1024?
A. 9
B. 8
C. 7
D. 6

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
n th term of a geom etric progression (G.P.)
t n = a r n1
where t n = nth term, a= the first term , r = common ratio, n =
number of terms
Read more
a=4
r=
8
=2
4
t n = 1024
t n = a r n1
1024 = 4 2n1
2n1 =
n1
1024
= 256 = 28
4
8
=2
n1 = 8
n = 8+1 = 9
55. 123 123 + 288 288 + 2 123 288 = ?

A. 168151
B. 178121
C. 168921
D. 162481

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
Read more...
Given Equation is in the form a 2 + b2 + 2ab where a = 123 and b = 288

a 2 + b2 + 2ab = (a + b) 2
2
Hence answer = (a + b) = (123 + 288) = 4112 = 168921
56. If a number is divided by 6 , 3 is the remainder . What is remainder if the the square of the number is
divided by 6?
A. 5
B. 4
C. 3
D. 2

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let the number be x
Given that if the number is divided by 6 , 3 is the remainder
=> x 6 = k, remainder = 3
Hence x = 6k + 3
Square of the number = x2 = (6k + 3)2
=36k2 + 36k + 9
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
=36k2 + 36k + 6 + 3
= 6(6k2 + 6k + 1) + 3
Hence, when the square of the number is divided by 6, we get
3 as remainder.
57. In a division sum, the remainder is 0 when a student mistook the divisor by 12 instead of 21 and
obtained 35 as quotient. What is the correct quotient ?
A. 25
B. 20
C. 15
D. 10

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let x be the number
x 12 = 35 , remainder = 0
=> x = 35 12
x
35 12
5 12
=
=
= 5 4 = 20
21
21
3
correct quotient =
58. 1531 132 + 1531 68 = ?

A. 306000
B. 306100
C. 306200
D. 306400

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
a(b + c) = ab + ac
(Distributive Law)
Read more...
1531 132 + 1531 68 = 1531 (132 + 68) = 1531 200 = 306200
59. 100010 1028 = ?

A. 10
B. 100
C. 1000
D. 10000

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
(a m ) n = amn = (a n ) m
a m . a n = a m+n
am
= a mn
n
a
Read more...
10
1000
28
10
(103 )
10
28
10
1030
28
10
= 102 = 100
60. 2 + 22 + 222 + 2.22 = ?

A. 246
B. 248
C. 248.12
D. 248.22

Answer : Option D
61. Which of the following numbers will completely divide (4915 - 1) ?

A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9

Answer : Option C
Explanation :

Read More...
(4915 1) = [(72 )
15
1] = (730 1) = (730 130 )
which is completely divisible by (7 + 1) = 8
62. How many even prime numbers are there less than 50?
A. 1
B. 15
C. 2
D. 16

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
2 is the only even prime number
63. How many prime numbers are there less than 50 ?

A. 13
B. 14
C. 15
D. 16

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47 are the
prime numbers less than 50
64. What is the difference between local value and face value of 7 in the numerical 657903?
A. 6993
B. 69993
C. 7000
D. 7

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
(Local value of 7) - (Face value of 7) = (7000 - 7) = 6993
65. 108 + 109 + 110 + ... + 202 = ?

A. 14615
B. 14625
C. 14715
D. 14725

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
n=
(l a)
+1
d
where n = number of terms, a= the first term , l = last term,

d= common difference
Read more...
Sn =
n
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = [ a + l ]
2
2

Read more
th
l = t n = n term = a + (n 1)d
a = 108
l = 202
d = 109 108 = 1
n=
(l a)
(202 108)
+1 =
+ 1 = 94 + 1 = 95
d
1
Sn =
n
95
95 310
[a +l]=
[ 108 + 202 ] =
= 95 155 = 14725
2
2
2
OR
1+2+3++n = n =
n(n + 1)
2
108 + 109 + 110+. . . +202

= [1 + 2 + 3 + + 202] [1 + 2 + 3 + + 107]
=[
202 203
107 108
] [
]
2
2
= [101 203] [107 54]

= 20503 5778
= 14725
66. 23732 999 = ?

A. 23708268
B. 22608258
C. 22608268
D. 23708258

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
23732 999
= 23732 (1000 - 1)
= (23732 1000) - (23732 1)
= 23732000 - 23732
= 23708268
If you are interested to do fast calculations very fast, please
go through speed maths
topics
67. 123427201 - ? = 568794

A. 123527207
B. 223521407
C. 123527407
D. 122858407

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let 123427201 - x = 568794
x = 123427201 - 568794 = 122858407
68. 2210 ? = 884
2
3
1
C.
5
A.
2
5
3
D.
4
B.

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let 2210 x = 884
x=
884
442
34 2
=
=
=
2210 1105 85 5
(Reference : Divisibility Rules)
69. If P and Q are odd numbers, then which of the following is even ?
A. P + Q
B. PQ
C. P + Q + 1
D. PQ + 2

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
The sum of two odd numbers is an even number
Read more...
Hence P + Q is an even number
OR
Just take any two odd numbers, say 1 and 3

P + Q = 1 + 3 = 4 = an even number
P + Q + 1 = 1 + 3 + 1 = 5 = an odd number
PQ = 1 3 = 3 = an odd number
PQ + 2 = (1 3) + 2 = 5 = an odd number
Hence P + Q is the answer
70. Which of the following numbers will completely divide (319 + 320 + 321 + 322) ?
A. 25
B. 16
C. 11
D. 12

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
319 + 320 + 321 + 322
= 319(1 + 3 + 32 + 33)
= 319 40
= 318 3 4 10
= 318 12 10 which is divisible by 12
71. What is the largest 5 digit number exactly divisible by 94?

A. 99922
B. 99924
C. 99926
D. 99928

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Largest 5 digit number = 99999
99999 94 = 1063, remainder = 77
Hence largest 5 digit number exactly divisible by 94 = 99999 77 = 99922
72. What is the smallest 5 digit number exactly divisible by 94?

A. 10052
B. 10054
C. 10056
D. 10058

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Smallest 5 digit number = 10000
10000 94 = 106, remainder = 36
94 - 36 = 58.
ie, 58 should be added to 10000 to make it divisible by 94.

=> smallest 5 digit number exactly divisible by 94 = 10000 + 58
= 10058
73. 1234 - ? = 4234 - 3361

A. 351
B. 361
C. 371
D. 379

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let 1234 - x = 4234 - 3361
x = 1234 - 4234 + 3361 = 361
74. 320 2 3 = ?
A. None of these
B. 53.33
C. 160
D. 106

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
320 2 3 = 160 3 = 53.33

OR
320 2 3 = 320
1 1 160
=
= 53.33
2 3
3
75. 476**0 is divisible by both 3 and 11. What are the non-zero digits in the hundred's and ten's places
respectively?
A. 8 and 5
B. 6 and 5
C. 8 and 2
D. 6 and 2

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
References
1. Divisibility by 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1(Recom m ended) - hit and trial m ethod

----------------------------------------------------------------------------Just substitute the values in the missing places and apply divisibility rules.
if a=6 and b=2, number = 476620
4 + 7 + 6 + 6 + 2 + 0 = 25 which is not divisible by 3
4 + 7 + 6 + 8 + 2 + 0 = 27 which is divisible by 3
4 + 6 + 2 = 12
7 + 8 + 0 = 15
15 - 12 = 3
4 + 7 + 6 + 6 + 5 + 0 = 28 which is not divisible by 3
4 + 7 + 6 + 8 + 5 + 0 = 30 which is divisible by 3
4 + 6 + 5 = 15
7 + 8 + 0 = 15
15 - 15 = 0
So a=8 and b=5 is the answer
----------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------Let the number be 476ab0
476ab0 is divisible by 3
=> 4 + 7 + 6 + a + b + 0 is divisible by 3
=> 17 + a + b is divisible by 3 ------------------------(Equation 1)
476ab0 is divisible by 11
[(4 + 6 + b) -(7 + a + 0)] is 0 or divisible by 11
=> [3 + (b - a)] is 0 or divisible by 11 ------------------------(Equation 2)
Substitute the values of a and b with the values given in the choices and select the
values which satisfies both Equation 1 and Equation 2.
if a=6 and b=2,
17 + a + b = 17 + 6 + 2 = 25 which is not divisible by 3 --- Does not meet equation 1
Hence this is not the answer
if a=8 and b=2,
17 + a + b = 17 + 8 + 2 = 27 which is divisible by 3 --- meet equation 1
[3 + (b - a)] = [3 + (2 - 8)] = -3 which is neither 0 nor divisible by 11---Does not meet equation 2
if a=6 and b=5,
17 + a + b = 17 + 6 + 5 = 28 which is not divisible by 3 --- Does not meet equation 1
if a=8 and b=5,
17 + a + b = 17 + 8 + 5 = 30 which is divisible by 3 --- meet equation 1
[3 + (b - a)] = [3 + (5 - 8)] = 0 ---meet equation 2

Since these values satisfies both equation 1 and equation 2, this is the answer
76. On dividing 2272 as well as 875 by 3-digit number N, we get the same remainder. What is the sum of
the digits of N?
A. 11
B. 10
C. 9
D. 8

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let 2272 N = a, remainder = r
=> 2272 = Na + r ----------------------------(Equation 1)
Let 875 N = b, remainder = r
=> 875 = Nb + r ----------------------------(Equation 1)
(Equation 1) - (Equation 2)
=> 2272 - 875 = [Na + r] - [Nb + r] = NA - Nb = N(a - b)
=> 1397 = N(a - b) ----------------------------(Equation 3)
It means 1397 is divisible by N
But 1397 = 11 127
[Reference1 :how to find factors of a number?]
[Reference2 :Prime Factorization?]
You can see that 127 is the only 3 digit number which perfectly
divides 1397
=> N = 127
sum of the digits of N = 1 + 2 + 7 = 10
77. What is the sum of first ten prime numbers?

A. 55
B. 101
C. 130
D. 129

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
(Reference : Prime Numbers)
Required Sum = 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29 =
129
78. Which f the following numbers is exactly divisible by 11?

A. 499774
B. 47554
C. 466654
D. 4646652

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Reference : Divisibility by 11 Rule
Take 47554
4 + 5 + 4 = 13
7 + 5 = 12
13 - 12 = 1
Take 466654
4 + 6 + 4 = 14
6 + 5 = 11
14 - 11 = 3
Take 4646652
4 + 4 + 6 + 2 = 16
6 + 6 + 5 = 17
17 - 16 = 1
Take 499774
4 + 9 + 7 = 20
9 + 7 + 4 = 20
20 - 20 = 0
We got the difference as 0.
79. What is the sum all even natural numbers between 1 and 101?
A. 5050
B. 2550
C. 5040
D. 2540

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Reference1 : Natural Numbers
Reference2 : Arithmetic Progression (AP) and Related Formulas
Required sum = 2 + 4 + 6+ . . . + 100
This is an arithmetic progression with
a =2
d = (4 - 2) = 2
n=
(l a)
(100 2)
98
+1 =
+1 =
+ 1 = 49 + 1 = 50
d
2
2
2 + 4 + 6 + + 100 =
n
50
50
(a + l) =
(2 + 100) =
(102) = 50 51 = 2550
2
2
2
80. A boy multiplies 987 by a certain number and obtained 559981 as his answer. If in the answer both 9
are wrong , but the other digits are correct, then what will be the correct answer?
A. 556581
B. 555681
C. 555181
D. 553681

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------The answer is divisible by 987.
So we can use hit and trial method to find out the number
divisible by 987
from the given choices
553681 987 gives a remainder not equal to 0
But 555681 987 gives 0 as remainder. Hence this is the
answer
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2 (Recom m ended)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------The answer is divisible by 987.

product also.
numbers,
Read more

of that number.
Read more
987 = 3 7 47 [Prime Factorization]

Here 3, 7 and 47 are pairwise co-prime numbers.
Also 3, 7 and 47 are factors of 987. Hence
if a number is divisible by 3, 7 and 47, the number will be
If a number is not divisible by 3 or 7 or 47, it is not divisible by
987
without
actually
performing
the
division.
further.
556581 is divisible by 3
Please
go

Hence 555681 is divisible by 987 also
81. Which one of the following cannot be the square of natural number ?
A. 15186125824
B. 49873162329
C. 14936506225
D. 60625273287

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Square of a natural number cannot
60625273287 is the answer
end with 7.
82. 7128 + 1252 = 1202 + ?

A. 6028
B. 1248
C. 2348
D. 7178

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
? = 7128 + 1252 - 1202 = 7128 + 50 = 7178
83. 3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 38 = ?
A. 9820
B. 9240
C. 9840
D. 9220
Hence

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Sum of first n term s in a geom etric progression (G.P.)
a(r n 1)
r1
(if r > 1)
a(1 r n )
1r
(if r < 1)
Sn =
where a= the first term , r = common ratio, n = number of

terms
Read more...
This is a Geometric Progression (GP) where
a =3
r=
32
=3
3
n =8
a(r n 1)
3(38 1)
Sn =
=
r1
31
3(38 1)
3(6561 1)
=
=
2
2
=
3 6560
= 3 3280 = 9840
2
84. 73411 9999 = ?

A. 724836589
B. 724036589
C. 734036589
D. 734036129
| Discuss
Hide Answer | Notebook

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
73411 9999 = 73411(10000 - 1) = 734110000 - 73411 =
734036589
85. 32 + 33 + 34 + ... + 42 = ?
A. 397
B. 407
C. 417
D. 427

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
n=
(l a)
+1
d

Read more...
Sn =
n
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = [ a + l ]
2
2

Read more
a = 32
l = 42
d = 33 32 = 1
n=
(l a)
(42 32)
+1 =
+ 1 = 10 + 1 = 11
d
1
Sn =
n
11
11 74
[a +l]=
[ 32 + 42 ] =
= 11 37 = 407
2
2
2
OR
1+2+3++n = n =
n(n + 1)
2
32 + 33 + 34+. . . +42
= [1 + 2 + 3 + + 42] [1 + 2 + 3 + + 31]
=[
42 43
31 32
] [
]
2
2
= [21 43] [31 16]

= 903 496
= 407
86. What is the digit in the unit place of the number represented by (795 - 358)
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
First let's find out the unit digit of 795
795 = [(74)23 73]
Hence, Unit Digit of 795
= Unit Digit of (74)23 Unit Digit of 73 ----(Equation 1)
Unit Digit of [(74)23]
= Unit Digit of [(7777)23]
= Unit Digit of [(9 9)23]
of 49)
= Unit Digit of [123]
( 77=49 and 9 is the unit digit
( 99=81 and 1 is the unit digit of 81)
= 1 ----(Equation 2)
Unit Digit of 73
= Unit Digit of [7 7 7]
= Unit Digit of [9 7]
of 49)
( 7 7 = 49 and 9 is the unit digit
= 3
( 9 7 = 63 and 3 is the unit digit of 63) ---(Equation 3)
Hence from Equation 1,Equation 2 and Equation 3,
unit digit of 795 = 1 3 = 3 ----(Equation A)
Similarly we can find out unit digit of 358
358 = [(34)14 32]

( 33=9)
Unit Digit of 32 = 9----(Equation 6)
Unit Digit of 358 = 1 9 = 9 ----(Equation B)
We have already found out that
Unit Digit of 795 = 3 (From equation A)
and Unit Digit of 358 = 9 (From equation B)
Hence, Unit Digit of (795 - 358)
= Unit Digit of 795 - Unit Digit of 358
= unit digit of [larger number of last digit 3 - smaller number of
last digit 9 ]
=4
( 795 > 358)
( 4 is the unit digit when a smaller number of
last digit 9 is subtracted from a larger number of last digit 3.

example : 113 - 19 = 94)
87. What is the unit digit in the number represented by [365 659 771]
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
First let's find out the unit digit of 365
365 = [(34)16 3]

= Unit Digit of (34)16 3
= Unit Digit of [(3333)16] 3
= Unit Digit of [(9 9)16] 3
= Unit Digit of [116] 3
of 81)
( 33=9)
=1 3
= 3 ----(Equation A)
Unit digit of 659 = 6
( 66=36 and unit digit remains as 6
always) ----(Equation B)
771 = [(74)17 73]
of 49)
Unit Digit of 73
= Unit Digit of [7 7 7]
= Unit Digit of [9 7]
of 49)
= 3
( 9 7 = 63 and 3 is the unit digit of 63) ---(Equation 3)
unit digit of 771 = 1 3 = 3 ----(Equation C)
We have already found out that

Unit Digit of 365 = 3 (From equation A)
Unit Digit of 659 = 6 (From equation B)
Unit Digit of 771 = 3 (From equation C)
Hence, unit digit in the number represented by [365 659
771]
= unit digit of [3 6 3]
= unit digit of [8 3]
18)
=4
( 3 6 = 18 and 8 is the unit digit of
( 8 3 = 24 and 4 is the unit digit of 24)
88. 112 112 + 88 88 = ?

A. 26218
B. 20328
C. 20288
D. 24288

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
2
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
2
(a + b) + (a b) = 2(a 2 + b2 )
Read more...
112 112 + 88 88 = 1122 + 882

= (100 + 12) 2 + (100 12) 2 = 2(1002 + 122 )
= 2(10000 + 144) = 2 10144 = 20288
89. 9312 x 9999 = ?

A. 93110688
B. 93010688
C. 93110678
D. 83110688

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
9312 x 9999 = 9312(10000 - 1) = 93120000 - 9312 = 93110688
90. 112 112 - 88 88 = ?

A. 4600
B. 4700
C. 4800
D. 4900

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
Read more...
112 112 88 88 = 112 88
= (112 88)(112 + 88) = 24 200 = 4800
91. 1234 + 123 + 12 - ? = 1221

A. 148
B. 158
C. 168
D. 178

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
? = 1234 + 123 + 12 - 1221 = 148
92. A three-digit number 4a3 is added to another three-digit number 984 to give a four digit number 13b7,
which is divisible by 11. What is the value of (a + b)?

A. 9
B. 10
C. 11
D. 12

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
(Reference : Divisibility by 11 rule)
4a3
984
---------13 b 7
=> a + 8 = b -----------(Equation 1)
13b7 is divisible by 11
=> (1 + b) - (3 + 7) is 0 or divisible by 11
=> (b - 9) is 0 or divisible by 11 -----------(Equation 2)
Assume that (b - 9) = 0
=> b = 9
Substituting the value of b in Equation 1,
a +8 =b
a +8 =9
=> a = 9 - 8 = 1
If a = 1 and b= 9,
(a + b) = 1 + 9 = 10
10 is there in the given choices. Hence this is the answer.
93. 122 122 + 322 322 - 2 122 322 = ?

A. 44000
B. 42000
C. 38000
D. 40000

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
Read more...
122 122 + 322 322 2 122 322

= 1222 2 122 322 + 3222
= (122 322) 2 = (200) 2 = 40000
94. [22 + 42 + 62 + ... + 142) = ?

A. 559
B. 363
C. 364
D. 560

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
12 + 22 + 32 + + n 2 = n 2 =
Read More ...
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
22 + 42 + 62 + + 142
2
= (2 1) + (2 2) + (2 3) + + (2 7 )
2
= (2 1 ) + (2 2 ) + (2 3 ) + + (2 7 )
= 22 (12 + 22 + 32 + + 72 )
= 22 [
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
4 7 8 15
6
]= 4[
7(7 + 1)[(2 7) + 1]
6
4785
2
= 2785
= 56 10 = 560
95. The sum of the two numbers is 11 and their product is 24. What is the sum of the reciprocals of these
numbers ?
7
12
11
C.
24
11
12
7
D.
8
A.
B.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let the numbers be x and y. Then

x + y = 11
xy = 24
Hence,
x+y
11
=
xy
24
1 1 11
+ =
y x 24
96. What is the difference between the place values of two sevens in the numeral 54709479 ?
A. 699930
B. 699990
C. 99990
D. None of these

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Required Difference = 700000 - 70 = 699930
97. Which of the following numbers completely divides (461 + 462 + 463 + 464) ?
A. 11
B. 10
C. 9
D. 8

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
461 + 462 + 463 + 464
= 461[1 + 41 + 42 + 43]
= 461[1 + 4 + 16 + 64]
= 461 85
= 461 5 17
= 460 4 5 17
= 460 20 17
= 460 10 2 17
Hence this is completely divisible by 10
98. A number when divided by 75 leaves 34 as remainder. What will be the remainder if the same number is
divided by 65?
A. 3
B. 1
C. 6
D. 9

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the number be x
Let x 75 = p and remainder = 34
=> x = 75p + 34
= (25p 3) + 25 + 9
= 25(3p + 1) + 9
Hence, if the number is divided by 25, we will get 9 as
remainder
99. The number 7490xy is divisible by 90. Find out (x + y).

A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7

Answer : Option D
Explanation :

of that number.
Read more
A number is divisible by 10 if the last digit is 0. Read More

A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is divisible by
9. Read More
90 = 10 9
7490xy is divisible by 90. Since 10 and 9 are factors of 90,
7490xy is divisible by 10 and 7490xy is divisible by 9
7490xy is divisible by 10. We know that A number is divisible by

10 if the last digit is 0.
Hence y = 0
Thus we have the number 7490x0 which is divisible by 9
=> sum of its digits of 7490x0 is divisible by 9
=> 7 + 4 + 9 + 0 + x + 0 is divisble by 9
=> 20 + x is divisible by 9 (Where x is a digit)
=> x = 7
Hence, (x + y) = (7 + 0) = 7
100. What is the smallest 3 digit prime number?

A. 107
B. 100
C. 102
D. 101

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
1. Prime Numbers
2. Divisibility Rules
102 is divisible by 2 => 102 is not a prime number

100 is divisible by 2 => 100 is not a prime number
101 < 11
101 is not divisible by the prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7.
Hence 101 is a prime number
Since 100 is not a prime number, 101 is the smallest 3 digit prime number
107 < 11
107 is also not divisible by the prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7.
Hence 107 is also a prime number.

But the smallest 3 digit prime number is 101
101. Which is the natural number nearest to 11720 and completely divisible by 58?
A. 11716
B. 11712
C. 11718
D. 11714

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
11720 58 = 202, remainder = 4
Hence the natural number nearest to 11720 and completely
divisible by 58
= 11720 - 4 = 11716
102. 563124555 - ? = 232323

A. 562892232
B. 562892222
C. 562892212
D. 562892202

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
? = 563124555 - 232323 = 562892232
103. What is the sum of first 200 natural numbers?

A. 20120
B. 19901
C. 19900
D. 20100

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
1+2+3++n = n =
Read More...
n(n + 1)
2
Required Sum = 1 + 2 + 3+. . . +200

=
n(n + 1)
2
200 201
= 100 201 = 20100
2
200(200 + 1)
2
OR
n=
(l a)
+1
d

Read more...
Sn =
n
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = [ a + l ]
2
2

Read more
th
l = t n = n term = a + (n 1)d
Required Sum, S n = 1 + 2 + 3+. . . +200

a=1
l = 200
d = 21 = 1
n = 200
Sn =
n
200
[a +l]=
[ 1 + 200 ] = 100 201 = 20100
2
2
104. The number 1242*2 is completely divisible by 3. What is the smallest number in place of * ?
A. 3
B. 2
C. 1
D. 0

Answer : Option C
Explanation :

3
Read more
1242*2 is divisible by 3
=> 1 + 2 + 4 + 2 + * + 2 is divisible by 3
=> 11 + * is divisible by 3
We need to find out the smallest value of * which satisfies the
above equation.
Hence, the smallest value of * is 1 such that 11 + 1 = 12 which
is divisible by 3
105. Which of the given numbers is divisible by 3, 7, 9 and 11?

A. None of these
B. 1890
C. 4230
D. 6237

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
1. Testing 4230
4 + 2 + 3 + 0 = 9. 9 is divisible by 3. Hence 4230 is also
divisible by 3
divisible by 9
423 - (2 0) = 423
42 - (2 3) = 36
36 is not divisible by 7. Hence 4230 is not divisible by 7
Hence 4230 does not meet all divisibility conditions
2. Testing 1890
divisible by 3
divisible by 9
189 - (2 0) = 189
18 - (2 9) = 0

1 + 9 = 10
8 +0 =8
10 - 8 = 2
2 is not divisible by 11. Hence 1890 is not divisible by 11
Hence 1890 does not meet all divisibility conditions
2. Testing 6237
divisible by 3
divisible by 9
623 - (2 7) = 609
60 - (2 9) = 42
42 is divisible by 7. Hence 6237 is also divisible by 7.
6 +3 =9
2 +7 =9
9 - 9 =0
We got that 6237 is divisible by 3, 9, 7 and 11. Hence this is
the answer.
106. 17 + 16 1.6 + 14 1.3 = ?

A. 60.8
B. 68.8
C. 60.6
D. 59.6

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
17 + 16 1.6 + 14 1.3
= 17 + 25.6 + 18.2
= 60.8
143 72
= ?
107.
98
A. 1642
B. 1802
C. 2022
D. 1372

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
143 72
143 72
=
98
14 7
= 142 7 = 196 7 = 1372
108. What smallest number should be added to 8444 such that the sum is completely divisible by 7 ?
A. 6
B. 5
C. 4
D. 3

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
8444 7 = 1206, remainder = 2
7 - 2 =5
Hence, 5 should be added to 8444 such that the sum is
completely divisible by 7.
109. 5332 992 = ?

A. 5289344
B. 5289244
C. 5289214
D. 5289324

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
5332 992 = 5332(1000 - 8) = 5332000 - 42656 = 5289344

You can find many shortcuts to do calculations with in seconds.
It is strongly
recommend to go through Speed Mathematics which will save a
lot of time when doing calculations.
110. 40% of 2/3 of a number is 32. What is the number?

A. 160
B. 240
C. 80
D. 120

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let x be the number. Then

x
2
40
= 32
3 100
x = 32
100 3
10 3
3
= 32
= 8 10 = 4 10 3 = 120
40
2
4
2
2
111. If a whole number n is divided by 4, we will get 3 as remainder. What will be the remainder if 2n is
divided by 4 ?
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let n 4 = p , remainder = 3
=> n = 4p + 3
2n = 2(4p + 3) = 8p + 6 = 8p + 4 + 2 = 4(2p + 1) + 2
Hence, if 2n is divided by 4, we will get 2 as remainder.
112. 241 999 = ?

A. 240769
B. 230759
C. 230769
D. 240759

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
241 999 = 241(1000 - 1) = 241000 - 241 = 240759
You can find many shortcuts to do calculations with in seconds.
It is strongly
recommend to go through Speed Mathematics which will save a
lot of time when doing calculations.
113. The number 367505*8 is completely divisible by 8. What is the smallest whole number in place of *?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
A number is divisible by 8 if the number formed by the last

three digits is divisible by 8.
Read more
=> 5*8 is divisible by 8
We need to find out the smallest value of * which satisfies the
condition 5*8 is divisible by 8
528 is divisible by 8. Hence the smallest value of * is 2 which
satisfies the condition
114. 425 ? = 170
1
2
3
C.
5
A.
2
5
2
D.
3
B.

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
425 ? = 170
?=
170 34 2
=
=
425 85 5
115. The unit digit in 7105 is

A. 8
B. 7
C. 6
D. 5

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
7105 = (74)26 7
Hence, Unit digit of 7105
= Unit digit of [(74)26 7]
= Unit digit of [(7 7 7 7)26 7]
= Unit digit of [(9 9)26 7]
unit digit of 49)
= Unit digit of [126 7]
of 81)
= Unit digit of [1 7]
=7
( 7 7 = 49 and 9 is the
( Unit digit of 126 = 1)
116. Which of the following numbers is a prime number ?

A. None of these
B. 377
C. 469
D. 176

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Reference : Divisibility Rules
469 < 22
But 469 is divisible by 7
Hence 469 is not a prime number
176 < 14
377 < 20
But 377 is divisible by 13

Hence answer is "None of these"
117. In a division sum, the divisor is 10 times the quotient and 5 times the remainder. If the remainder is
46, find out the dividend.
A. 4426
B. 3426
C. 4336
D. 5336

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Given that Remainder = 46
Divisor is 5 times the remainder
=> Divisor = 5 remainder = 5 46 = 230
Divisor is 10 times the quotient
=> Divisor = 10 Quotient
=> 230 = 10 Quotient
=> Quotient =
230
= 23
10
Dividend
= (Divisor Quotient) + Remainder
= (230 23) + 46
= 5290 + 46
= 5336
118. The difference of two numbers is 1365. On dividing the larger number by the smaller, 6 is obtained as
quotient and 15 as remainder. What is the smaller number ?
A. 310
B. 330
C. 250
D. 270

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the smaller number be x
and the bigger number be (x + 1365)
(x + 1365) x = 6, remainder = 15
=> (x + 1365) = 6x + 15
=> 5x = 1350
=> x = 1350/5 = 270
Smaller number = x = 270
119. Difference between the squares of two consecutive odd integers is always divisible by
A. 8
B. 7
C. 6
D. 3

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
---------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
----------------------------------------------------------------Let two odd numbers be (2n - 1) and (2n + 1)
Difference between the squares
= (2n + 1)2 - (2n - 1)2
= [4n2 + 4n + 1] - [4n2 - 4n + 1]
= 8n which is always divisible by 8
---------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
----------------------------------------------------------------Take any two odd numbers, say 1 and 3
Difference between the squares = 32 - 12 = 9 - 1 = 8

From the given choices, now you can easily figure out the
answer as 8
120. A number was divided successively in order by 4, 5 and 6. The remainders were 2, 3 and 4
respectively. What is the number?
A. 224
B. 324
C. 304
D. 214

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let P be the number
Given that
P 4 = Q, remainder = 2
Q 5 = R, remainder = 3
R 6 = 1, remainder = 4
Hence R = 1 6 + 4 = 10
Q = 5R + 3 = (5 10) + 3 = 53
P = 4Q + 2 = (4 53) + 2 = 212 + 2 = 214
121. What is the sum of first 20 natural numbers?

A. 220
B. 205
C. 190
D. 210

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
1+2+3++n = n =
n(n + 1)
2
Read More...
Required Sum = 1 + 2 + 3+. . . +20

=
n(n + 1)
2
20 21
= 10 21 = 210
2
20(20 + 1)
2
OR
n=
(l a)
+1
d

Read more...
Sn =
n
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = [ a + l ]
2
2

Read more
Required Sum, S n = 1 + 2 + 3+. . . +20

a=1
l = 20
d = 21 = 1
n = 20
Sn =
n
20
[a +l]=
[ 1 + 20 ] = 10 21 = 210
2
2
122. ? - 23442 - 12411 = 2469

A. 38322
B. 37212
C. 37532
D. 38122

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
? = 2469 + 12411 + 23442 = 38322
123. In dividing a number by 585, a student employed the method of short division. He divided the number
successively by 5, 9 and 13 and got the remainders 4, 8, 12 respectively. What would have been the
remainder if he had divided the number by 585?
A. 144
B. 292
C. 24
D. 584

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let P be the number
Given that
Q 9 = R, remainder = 8
R 13 = 1, remainder = 12
Hence R = 1 13 + 12 = 25
Q = 9R + 8 = (9 25) + 8 = 225 + 8 = 233
P = 5Q + 4 = (5 233) + 4 = 1165 + 4 = 1169
P 585 = 1169 585 = 1, remainder = 584
124. A number when divided successively by 4 and 5 leaves remainders 1 and 4 respectively. What will be
the respective remainders if it is successively divided by 5 and 4?
A. 1,2
B. 2, 3
C. 3, 2
D. 2,1

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let P be the number
Given that
Q 5 = 1, remainder = 4
Hence Q = 1 5 + 4 = 9
P = 4Q + 1 = (4 9) + 1 = 36 + 1 = 37
Now divide 37 successively by 5 and 4 respectively
37 5 = 7, remainder = 2
7 4 = 1, remainder = 3
125. What is the sum of even numbers between 9 and 53?

A. 682
B. 672
C. 662
D. 702

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
n=
(l a)
+1
d

Read more...
Sn =
n
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = [ a + l ]
2
2

Read more
Required Sum = 10 + 12 + 14 + + 52
This is an Arithmetic Progression with
a = 10
l = 52
d = 12 10 = 2
n=
(l a)
(52 10)
+1 =
+ 1 = 21 + 1 = 22
d
2
Sn =
n
22
[a +l]=
[ 10 + 52 ] = 11 62 = 682
2
2
126. The number 13*48 is exactly divisible by 72. Find out the minimum value of * .
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Answer : Option B
Explanation :

of that number.
Read more
A number is divisible by 8 if the number formed by the

last three digits is divisible by 8. Read More
9. Read More
72 = 8 9
Hence 8 and 9 are factors of 72
Hence, if the a number is divisible by 72, it must be divisible by
8 and 9 also
13*48 is divisible by 72. Since 9 and 8 are factors of 72,
13*48 is divisible by 9 and 13*48 is divisible by 8
13*48 is divisible by 9.
=> 1 + 3 + * + 4 + 8 is divisible by 9
=> 16 + * is divisible by 9 -----------------------(Equation
1)
=> *48 is divisible by 8
=> * can be 2 or 4 or 6 or 8 -----------------------(Equation
2)
We need to find out the minimum value of * which satisfies
both equation 1 and 2
Take the value * = 2 from Equation 2
16 + * = 16 + 2 = 18 is divisible by 9.
Hence * = 2 is the minimum value which satisfies both equation
1 and 2
and this is the answer
OR
Use hit and trial method

product also.
Read more
Here 9 and 8 are pairwise co-prime numbers. 72 = 9 8.

Hence, if a number is divisible by 9 and 8, the number will be
divisible by their
product 72 also.
1 is the minimum value given as the choices
Substituting 1 in the place of *, we get 13148
13148 is not divisible by 9 => 13148 is not divisible by 72
Substituting 2 in the place of *, we get 13248
Hence the minimum value of * is 2
127. Which of the following number is divisible by 3 but not by 9 ?

A. 5271
B. 4122
C. 3141
D. 3222

Answer : Option A
Explanation :

3 Read More
9. Read More
Take 3222
3 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 9 which is divisible by 3 and 9.
Hence 3222 is divisible by 3 and 9
Take 3141
Take 4122
Take 5271
5 + 2 + 7 + 1 = 15 which is divisible by 3 , but not divisible by
9.
Hence 5271 is divisible by 3 , but not divisible by 9
128. When a number is divided by 13, the remainder is 6. When the same number is divided by 7, then
remainder is 1. What is the number ?
A. 243
C. 312
Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Take 243
243 7 = 34, Remainder = 5
B. 253
D. None of these

Take 312
312 7 = 44, Remainder = 4
Take 253
253 7 = 36, Remainder = 1 .
253 13 = 19, Remainder = 6.
This satisfies both the conditions given in the question. Hence
this is the answer.
129. What is the sum of all two digit numbers divisible by 6?

A. 805
B. 820
C. 790
D. 810

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
n=
(l a)
+1
d

Read more...
Sn =
n
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = [ a + l ]
2
2
Read more
Required Sum = 12 + 18 + 24 + + 96
This is an Arithmetic Progression with
a = 12
l = 96
d=6
n=
(l a)
(96 12)
+1 =
+ 1 = 14 + 1 = 15
d
6
Sn =
n
15
15 108
[a +l]=
[ 12 + 96 ] =
= 15 54 = 810
2
2
2
130. 2002 2002 = ?

A. 4008004
B. 4006004
C. 4002004
D. 4004004

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
2002 2002 = 4008004
OR
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
Read more...
2002 2002 = 20022
= (2000 + 2)2
= 2000 2 + (2 2000 2) + 22
= 4000000 + 8000 + 4
= 4008004
OR
Using speed mathematics techniques given at Speed Mathematics
which will save a lot of time when doing calculations.
131. Which natural number is completely divisible by 123 and nearest to 410081
A. 410082
B. 409959
C. 410078
D. 410071

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
410081 123 = 3333, remainder = 122
Hence required number = 410081 + (123 - 122) = 410082
132. What is the difference between the place value and the face value of 6 in the numeral 296827?
A. None of these
B. 5999
C. 994
D. 5994

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Place value of 6 = 6000
Face value of 6 = 6
Difference = 6000 - 6 = 5994
133. The sum of a series, 27 + 36 + 45 + ... + 162 is 1512. What is the number of terms in the series?
A. 14
B. 15
C. 16
D. 17

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Sn =
n
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = [ a + l ]
2
2

Read more...
a = 27
d = 36 27 = 9
S n = 27 + 36 + 45+. . . +162 = 1512
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = 1512
2
n
[ (2 27) + (n 1)9 ] = 1512
2
n
[ 54 + 9n 9 ] = 1512
2
n(45 + 9n) = 3024

9n(5 + n) = 3024
n(5 + n) = 336 -------(Equation 1)
From here, you can either solve the quadratic equation using the techniques given here
or just solve use hit and trial method ; both are given below.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1 - Solving the quadratic equation n(5 + n) = 336 to find out the value of n
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n(5 + n) = 336
n 2 + 5n 336 = 0
b b2 4ac
n=
2a
5 52 [4 1 (336)]
(2 1)
5 (25 + 1344)
5 1369
5 37
=
=
=
2
2
2
5 + 37
=
( since n is the number of terms, only positive value is applicable here)
2
32
=
= 16
2
= Hence, number of terms = 16
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2 - Solving the quadratic equation using hit and trial method
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Take Equation 1 : n(5 + n) = 336
Take the values given in the choices and see which value satisfies the above equation
If n = 14, n(5 + n) = 14 19 = 266 ? 336
If n = 15, n(5 + n) = 15 20 = 300 ? 336
If n = 16, n(5 + n) = 16 21 = 336.
Hence n = 16 satisfies equation 1.
Hence, number of terms = 16
1
2
3
3+ +1 = ?
4
3
5
189
199
A.
B.
60
60
129
169
C.
D.
60
60
134.
5+

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
5+
1
2
3
3+ +1
4
3
5
= (5 3 + 1) + (
1 2 3
+ )
4 3 5
= 3+
(1 15 + 2 20 3 12)
60
= 3+
19
60
180 + 19
60
199
60
135. 996ab is divisible by 80. What is (a + b) ?

A. 3
B. 5
C. 6
D. 8

Answer : Option D
Explanation :

of that number.
Read more
A number is divisible by 8 if the number formed by the last

three digits is divisible by 8. Read More
9. Read More
80 = 10 8
996ab is divisible by 80. Since 10 and 8 are factors of 80,
996ab is divisible by 10 and 996ab is divisible by 8
996ab is divisible by 10. We know that A number is divisible by
10 if the last digit is 0.
Hence b = 0
Thus we have the number 996a0 which is divisible by 8
=> 6a0 is divisible by 8
=> a = 0 or 4 or 8
Hence, (a + b)
= (0 + 0) or (4 + 0) or (8 + 0)
= 0 or 4 or 8
136. 123 - 333 + 321 - 111 = ?
A. 320
B. 100
C. 120
D. 0

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
123 - 333 + 321 - 111 = 444 - 444 = 0
137. On multiplying a number by 3, the product is a number each of whose digits is 7. What is the smallest
such number?
A. 259129
B. 259219
C. 259279
D. 259259

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let's use hit and trial method here
Smallest number from the given choices = 259129
259129 3 = 777387
Next highest number from the given choices = 259219
259219 3 = 777657
Next highest number from the given choices = 259259
259259 3 = 777777
Hence 259259 is the answer
138. On dividing a number by 357, 39 is obtained as remainder. On dividing the same number by 17, what
will be the remainder ?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let P be the number

Let P 357 = a, remainder = 39
Then P = 357a + 39
= (17 21 a) + 34 + 5
= (17 21 a) + (17 2) + 5
= 17(21a + 2) + 5
Hence, if the same number is divided by 17, we will get 5 as
remainder.
139.
444 666
=?
3
4
A. 22622
B. 22642
C. 24622
D. 24642

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
444 666
3
4
=
444 666
34
= 111 222
= 24642
140. A student divides a number by 5 and get 3 as remainder. If his friend divides the square of the
number by 5, what will be the remainder?
A. 6
B. 5
C. 4
D. 3

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
Read more...
Let P be the number
P 5 = a and remainder = 3
Then P = 5a + 3
P2 = (5a + 3)2
= (5a)2 + (2 5a 3) + 32
= 25a2 + 30a + 9
= 25a2 + 30a + 5 + 4
= 5(5a2 + 6a + 1) + 4
Hence when P2 is divided by 5, we will get 4 as remainder
141. What is the unit digit in 771 ?

A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
771 = (74)17 73
Hence, unit digit in 771
= Unit digit in [(74)17 73]
= Unit digit in [(7 7 7 7 )17 73]
= Unit digit in [(9 9)17 73]
unit digit of 49)
( 7 7 = 49 and 9 is the
= Unit digit in [117 73]

digit of 81)
( 9 9 = 81 and 1 is the unit
( 117 = 1)
= Unit digit in [73]

= Unit digit in [7 7 7]
49)
=3
( 7 7 = 49 and 9 is the unit digit of
142. What is the unit digit in the product (2344 6892 349 527 238) ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Unit digit of (2344 6892 349 527 238)
= Unit digit of (4 2 9 7 8)
= Unit digit of (8 9 7 8)
= Unit digit of (2 7 8)
digit of 72)
= Unit digit of (4 8)
of 14)
=2
( 4 2 = 8)
( 8 9 = 72 and 2 is the unit
143. Which is the common factor of (22121 + 19121) and (22231+ 19231) ?
A. (22 - 19)
B. (22 + 19)
C. (22231 + 19231)
D. (22121 + 19121)

Answer : Option B
Explanation :

Read more...
Hence, (22121 + 19121) is divisible by (22 + 19) because 121 is odd
Similarly (22231 + 19231) is also divisible by (22 + 19) because 231 is odd
Hence (22 + 19) is a common factor here
(232 + 323) 2 (232 323)2

144.
232 323
A. 4
B. 8
C. 3424
D. 2344
=?

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b
2
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
Read more...
(a + b) (a b)
Given expression is in the form
ab
(a 2 + 2ab + b2 ) (a 2 2ab + b2 )
=
ab
=
4ab
ab
=4
145. A number when divided by 44, gives 432 as quotient and 0 as remainder. What will be the remainder
when dividing the same number by 31?

A. 4
B. 0
C. 5
D. 8

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let P be the number
P 44 = 432, remainder = 0
=> P = 432 44 + 0 = 19008
P 31 = 19008 31 = 613, remainder = 5
1. Which of the following statements is not correct?

A. log(246) = log 2 + log 4 + log 6
B. log51 = 0
C. log(3+4) = log(3 4)
D. log55 = 1

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Logbb = 1. Hence log55 = 1
Logb1 = 0. Hence log51 = 0
log(a b) = log a + log b
similarly, log(a b c) = log a + log b + log c
Hence log(246) = log 2 + log 4 + log 6
log(3+4) = log(3 4) is wrong
LHS = log(3+4) = log 7
RHS = log(3 4) = log(12)
log 7 log 12
2. Log5(0) = ?
A. None of these
B. 5
C. 0
D. 1

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
logb(0) is undefined
log 5
=?
log 5
1
1
B.
A.
2
5
1
1
D.
C.
8
4
3.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
log 5
=
log 5
1
log(5) 2
log 5
1
log 5
1
2
=
=
log 5
2
log 6
=?
log 3 6
1
1
A.
B.
3
2
2
3
D.
C.
3
2
4.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
1
log(6) 2
1
log 6
log 6
3
2
=
=
=
3
1
1
2
log 6
log 6
3
log(6 ) 3
5.
If log
a
b
+ log = log(a + b), then
b
a
A. a = b
B. a + b = 1
C. a - b = 1
D. a2 - b2 = 1

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
log
a
b
+ log = log(a + b)
b
a
log (
a b
) = log(a + b)
b a
log(1) = log(a + b)
a+b = 1
6. If log(64)= 1.806, log(16) = ?

A. 1.204
B. 0.903
C. 1.806
D. None of these

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
log(64)= 1.806
=> log(43) = 1.806
=> 3log(4) = 1.806
log(4) =
1.806
3
log(16) = log(42 ) = 2 log(4) = 2
1.806
= 2 0.062 = 1.204
3
7. If log 2 = 0.3010 and log 3 = 0.4771, What is the value of log51024?

A. 4.31
B. 3.88
C. 3.91
D. 2.97

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
log (210 )
log 1024
log 5 1024 =
=
log 5
10
log ( )
2
=
10 log(2)
log 10 log 2
10 0.3010
3.01
3010
=
=
= 4.31
1 0.3010
0.699
699
8. if log 2 = 0.30103 and log 3 = 0.4771, find the number of digits in (648)5.
A. 15
B. 14
C. 13
D. 12

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
log(648)5 = 5 log(648) = 5 log(81 8)
= 5 [ log(81) + log(8) ] = 5 [ log(34) + log(23) ] = 5 [ 4log(3) +
3log(2) ]
= 5 [ 4 0.4771 + 3 0.30103 ] = 5(1.9084 + 0.90309)
= 5 2.81149 14.05
ie, log(648)5 14.05
ie, its characteristic = 14
Hence, number of digits in (648)5 = 14+1 = 15
9. if log 2 = 0.30103, the number of digits in 2128 is

A. 38
B. 39
C. 40
D. 41

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
log(2128) = 128log(2) = 128 0.30103 38.4
ie, its characteristic = 38
Hence, number of digits in 2128 = 38+1 = 39
9
1
) = , find the value of x
32
8
10.
log x (
A. (
9
)
32
32
)
C. (
9
9
)
32
32
)
D. (
9
B. (

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
log x (
9
1
)=
32
8
9
32
x 1/8 =
1
x 1/8
9
32
32
9
x 1/8 =
32
x=( )
9
9
1
log x ( ) = , find the value of x
4
2
81
16
A.
B.
16
9
16
9
C.
D.
81
16
11.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
9
1
log x ( ) =
4
2
9
4
x 1/2 =
1
x 1/2
4
9
x 1/2 =
4
x=( )
9
9
4
16
81
12. if ax = by , then
log a
x
=
log b
y
a
x
C. log
=
b y
A.
B. None of these
D.
log a
y
=
log b
x

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
a x = by
log (a x ) = log (by )
x log a = y log b
log a
y
=
log b
x
13. log2 512 = ?

A. 10
B. 6
C. 9
D. 8

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
log2 512 = log2 (29) = 9
14. If logx y = 10 and log2 x = 1000, what is the value of y?

A. 2100
B. 21000
C. 210000
D. 210

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
log2 x = 1000 => x = 21000
logx y = 10
=> y = x10 = (21000)10

= 2(1000 10) = 210000
15. if log102 = 0.3010, what is the value of log101600 ?

A. None of these
B. 5.204
C. 1.204
D. 3.204

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
log101600 = log10(16 100)
= log10(16) + log10(100)
= log10(24) + log10(102)
= 4 log10(2) + 2 = (4 0.3010) + 2 = 1.204 + 2 = 3.204
16.
1
1
1
+
+
=?
log2 48 log 4 48 log 6 48
A. -1
B. 2
C. 0
D. 1

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
1
1
1
+
+
log2 48 log 4 48 log 6 48
= log 48 2 + log48 4 + log 48 6
= log 48 (2 4 6)
= log 48 (48)
=1
17. If log10 5 + log10 (5x + 1) = log10 (x + 5) + 1, then x is equal to:

A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
log10 5 + log10 (5x + 1) = log10 (x + 5) + 1
=> log10 5 + log10 (5x + 1) = log10 (x + 5) + log10 10
=> log10 [5(5x+1)] = log10 [10(x+5)]
=> 5(5x+1) = 10(x+5)
=> 5x+1 = 2(x+5)
=> 5x + 1 = 2x + 10
=> 3x = 9
=> x = 3
18.
If log 10 2 = a, what is the value of log10 (
A. -(a+2)
B. -(a+1)
C. (a+2)
D. (a+1)

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
1
)
200
log 10 (
1
)
200
= log 10 1 log10 200

= 0 log 10 (2 100)
= [log 10 2 + log10 100]
= (a + 2)
19. If log10 3 = 0.4771, then log3 10 is

A.
1000
4771
B.
C. 1.4313
10000
4771
D. 0.4771

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
log 3 10 =
1
1
10000
=
=
log 10 3 0.4771
4771
20. If log5 (x2+x) - log5 (x+1) = 3, find the value of x

A. 25
B. 125
C. 1/125
D. 1/25

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
log 5 (x 2 + x) log5 (x + 1) = 3
log 5 (
x2 + x
)=3
x+1
log 5 [
x(x + 1)
]=3
x+1
log 5 x = 3
x = 53 = 125
21.
Find the value of
1
log 10 125 2 log10 4 + log 10 32
3
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
1
log 10 125 2 log 10 4 + log 10 32
3
=log 10 (1251/3 ) log 10 (42 ) + log 10 32
= log 10 5 log10 16 + log 10 32
= log 10 (
5 32
)
16
= log 10 (10)
=1
22.
log (
a2
b2
c2
) + log ( ) + log ( ) = ?
bc
ac
ab
A. None of these
B. abc
C. 1
D. 0

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
a2
b2
c2
log ( ) + log ( ) + log ( )
bc
ac
ab
a 2 b2 c2
= log (
) = log(1) = 0
bc ac ab
23. if log2x = -6, x is equal to :

A. 64
B.
1
32
C.
1
64
D. 32

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
log 2 x = 6
x = (2)
24.
1
1
=
6
64
2
If log 4 x + log2 x = 12, then x is equal to:
A. 1024
B. 256
C. 8
D. 16

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
log 4 x + log 2 x = 12
log x
log x
+
= 12
log 4
log 2
log x
log 22
log x
= 12
log 2
log x
log x
+
= 12
2 log 2
log 2
log x + 2 log x
= 12
2 log 2
3 log x
= 12
2 log 2
12 2 log 2
= 8 log 2 = log (28 ) = log(256)
3
log x =
x = 256
25. log(.001) (100) = ?
2
3
3
C.
2
A.
B.
3
2
D. None of these

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let log (.001) (100)= p

p
(.001) = 100
(
1
)
1000
1
)
3
10
[(10) 3 ]
= 100
= 102
p
= 102
(10) 3p = 102
3p = 2
2
3
p=
26. log5 200 log200 125 equals :

A. 5
B. 25
C. 3
D. 6

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
log 5 200 log200 125 =

=
log 200 log 125
log 5
log 200
log 125
= log5 125 = log 5 (53 ) = 3
log 5
27. If log100[log3(log2 x)] = 1, x is equal to:

A. None of these
100)
C. 2(3
B. 1
2
D. 3(2 )

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
log100[log3(log2 x)] = 1
log100[log3(log2 x)] = log100(100)
log3(log2 x) = 100
log2 x = 3100
100)
x = 2(3
28. If log2[log3(log2 x)] = 1, x is equal to:

A. 512
B. None of these
C. 256
D. 1024

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
log2[log3(log2 x)] = 1
log2[log3(log2 x)] = log2(2)
log3(log2 x) = 2
log2 x = 32 = 9
x = 29 = 512
29. (log3 4) (log4 5) (log5 6) (log6 7) (log7 8) (log8 9) (log9 9) = ?

A. 4
B. 0
C. 2
D. 1

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
log 3 4 log4 5 log 5 6 log 6 7 log7 8 log 8 9 log 9 9

log 4 log 5 log 6 log 7 log 8 log 9
=
1
log 3 log 4 log 5 log 6 log 7 log 8
log 9
log 32
2 log 3
=
=
=
=2
log 3
log 3
log 3
30. log(-2)(-2) = ?
A. None of these
B. -1
C. 0
D. 1

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
logbx is undefined for x 0
I mportan t Formu las - M ixtu res an d A lligation s

1.
Alligation
It is the rule which enables us to find the ratio in which two or more ingredients at the given price
must be mixed to produce a mixture of a specified price.
2.
Mean Price
Mean price is the cost price of a unit quantity of the mixture
3.
Suppose a container contains x of liquid from which y units are taken out and replaced by water.
y
After n operations, the quantity of pure liquid = [x(1 )
x
4.
] units.
Rule of Alligation
If two ingredients are mixed, then
Quantity of cheaper
Quantity of dearer
)= (
C.P. of dearer - Mean Price

)
Mean price - C.P. of cheaper
Cost Price(CP) of a unit

quantity
of cheaper (c)
Cost Price(CP) of a unit

quantity
of dearer (d)
Mean Price
(m)
(d - m)
(m - c)
=> (Cheaper quantity) : (Dearer quantity ) = (d - m ) : (m - c)
1. A container contains 40 litres of milk. From this container 4 litres of milk was taken out and replaced by
water. This process was repeated further two times. How much milk is now contained by the container?
A. 26 litres
B. 29.16 litres
C. 28 litres
D. 28.2 litres

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Assume that a container contains x of liquid from which y units
are taken out and replaced
by water. After n operations, the quantity of pure liquid
y
= x(1 )
x
4
)
Hence milk now contained by the container = 40(1
40
9
9
9
4999
40
=
= 29.16
10 10 10
100
1
)
= 40(1
10
2. Tea worth Rs. 126 per kg and Rs. 135 per kg are mixed with a third variety of tea in the ratio 1 : 1 : 2.
If the mixture is worth Rs. 153 per kg, what is the price of the third variety per kg ?
A. Rs.182.50
B. Rs.170.5
C. Rs.175.50
D. Rs.180

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Tea worth Rs. 126 per kg and Rs. 135 per kg are mixed in the
ratio 1 : 1
So their average price =
(126 + 135)
= 130.5
2
Hence let's consider that the mixture is formed by mixing two

varieties of tea.
one at Rs. 130.50 per kg and the other at Rs. x per kg in the
ratio 2 : 2, i.e.,
1 : 1. Now let's find out x.
By the rule of alligation, we can write as
Cost of 1 kg of 1st kind of

tea
130.50
Cost of 1 kg of 2nd kind of

tea
x
Mean Price
153
(x - 153)
22.50
(x - 153) : 22.5 = 1 : 1
=>x - 153 = 22.50
=> x = 153 + 22.5 = 175.5
3. A milk vendor has 2 cans of milk. The first contains 25% water and the rest milk. The second contains
50% water. How much milk should he mix from each of the containers so as to get 12 litres of milk such
that the ratio of water to milk is 3 : 5?
A. 5litres, 7 litres
B. 7litres, 4 litres
C. 6litres, 6 litres
D. 4litres, 8 litres

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
---------------------------------------Solution 1
---------------------------------------Let x and (12-x) litres of milk be mixed from the first and
second container respectively
Amount of milk in x litres of the the first container = .75x

Amount of water in x litres of the the first container = .25x
Amount of milk in (12-x) litres of the the second container =
.5(12-x)
Amount of water in (12-x) litres of the the second container =
.5(12-x)
Ratio of water to milk = [.25x + .5(12-x)] : [.75x + .5(12-x)] =

3:5
(.25x + 6 .5x)
(.75x + 6 .5x)
3
5
(6 .25x)
3
=
5
(.25x + 6)
30 1.25x = .75x + 18
2x = 12
x=6
Since x = 6, 12-x = 12-6 = 6
Hence 6 and 6 litres of milk should mixed from the first and
second container respectively
---------------------------------------Solution 2
----------------------------------------
Let cost of 1 litre milk be Rs.1

Milk in 1 litre mix in 1st can =
3
litre
4
Cost Price(CP) of 1 litre mix in 1st can = Rs.
Milk in 1 litre mix in 2nd can =
3
4
1
litre
2
Cost Price(CP) of 1 litre mix in 2nd can = Rs.
Milk in 1 litre of the final mix =
5
8
Cost Price(CP) of 1 litre final mix = Rs.

=> Mean price =
1
2
5
8
5
8
CP of 1 litre mix in 2nd can
CP of 1 litre mix in 1st can
1/2
3/4
Mean Price
5/8
3/4 - 5/8 = 1/8
5/8 - 1/2 = 1/8
=> mix in 2nd can :mix in 1st can = 1/8 : 1/8 = 1:1
ie, from each can,
1
12 = 6 litre should be taken
2
4. Two vessels A and B contain spirit and water in the ratio 5 : 2 and 7 : 6 respectively. Find the ratio in
which these mixture be mixed to obtain a new mixture in vessel C containing spirit and water in the ration
8:5?
A. 3: 4
B. 4 : 3
C. 9 : 7
D. 7 : 9

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let Cost Price(CP) of 1 litre spirit be Rs.1
Quantity of spirit in 1 litre mixture from vessel A = 5/7
Cost Price(CP) of 1 litre mixture from vessel A = Rs. 5/7
Quantity of spirit in 1 litre mixture from vessel B = 7/13
Cost Price(CP) of 1 litre mixture from vessel B = Rs. 7/13
Quantity of spirit to be obtained in 1 litre mixture from vessel C
= 8/13
Cost Price(CP) of 1 litre mixture from vessel C = Rs. 8/13 =
Mean Price
CP of 1 litre mixture from

vessel A
5/7
CP of 1 litre mixture from

vessel B
7/13
Mean Price
8/13
8/13 - 7/13 = 1/13
5/7 - 8/13 = 9/91
=> Mixture from Vessel A : Mixture from Vessel B = 1/13 : 9/91

= 7 : 9 = Required Ratio
5. The cost of Type 1 material is Rs. 15 per kg and Type 2 material is Rs.20 per kg. If both Type 1 and
Type 2 are mixed in the ratio of 2 : 3, then what is the price per kg of the mixed variety of material?
A. Rs. 19
B. Rs. 16
C. Rs. 18
D. Rs. 17

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
--------------------------------Solution 1
--------------------------------Cost Price(CP) of Type 1 material is Rs. 15 per kg
Cost Price(CP) of Type 2 material is Rs. 20 per kg
Type 1 and Type 2 are mixed in the ratio of 2 : 3
Hence Cost Price(CP) of the resultant mixture =

=
(15 2) + (20 3)
(2 + 3)
(30 + 60)
90
=
= 18
5
5
=> rice per kg of the mixed variety of material = Rs.18

--------------------------------Solution 2
--------------------------------Cost Price(CP) of Type 1 material is Rs. 15 per kg
Cost Price(CP) of Type 2 material is Rs. 20 per kg
Let Cost Price(CP) of resultant mixture be Rs.x per kg
By the rule of alligation, we have
CP of Type 1 material
15
CP of Type 2 material
20
Mean Price
x
(20-x)
=> Type 1 material : Type 2 material = (20-x) : (x-15)
Given that Type 1 material : Type 2 material = 2 : 3
=> (20-x) : (x-15) = 2 : 3
(x-15)
(20 x)
(x 15)
2
3
3 (20 x) = 2 (x 15)
60 3x = 2x 30
90 = 5x
=> x =
90
= 18
5
=>price per kg of the mixed variety of material = Rs.18
6. Find the ratio in which rice at Rs. 7.20 a kg be mixed with rice at Rs. 5.70 a kg to produce a mixture
worth Rs. 6.30 a kg.
A. 4 : 3
B. 3 : 4
C. 2 : 3
D. 3 : 2

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
CP of 1Kg 1st kind rice = Rs.7.20
CP of 1Kg 2nd kind rice = Rs.5.70
CP of 1Kg mixed rice = Rs.6.30
CP of 1Kg 1st kind rice

7.2
CP of 1Kg 2nd kind rice

5.7
Mean Price
6.3
6.3 - 5.7 = .6
Required Ratio = .6 : .9 = 6:9 = 2:3
7.2 - 6.3 = .9
7. 8 litres are drawn from a cask full of wine and is then filled with water. This operation is performed three
more times. The ratio of the quantity of wine now left in cask to that of the water is 16 : 65. How much
wine did the cask originally hold?
A. 30 litres
B. 26 litres
C. 24 litres
D. 32 litres

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let initial quantity of wine = x litre
y
After a total of 4 operations, quantity of wine = x(1 )
x
8
= x(1 )
x
Given that after a total of 4 operations, the ratio of the

quantity of wine left in cask
to that of water = 16 : 65
8
x(1 )
x
Hence we can write as
x
4
(1
8
)
x
(1
8
2
)=
x
3
2
=( )
3
16
81
x8
2
)=
x
3
3x 24 = 2x
x = 24
8. A jar full of whiskey contains 40% alcohol. A part of this whisky is replaced by another containing 19%
alcohols and now the percentage of alcohol was found to be 26%. The quantity of whisky replaced is
A.
4
3
B.
3
4
C.
3
2
D.
2
3

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Concentration of alcohol in 1st Jar = 40%
Concentration of alcohol in 2nd Jar = 19%
After the mixing, Concentration of alcohol in the mixture = 26%
By the rule of alligation,
Concentration of alcohol in
1st Jar
40%
Concentration of alcohol in
2nd Jar
19%
Mean
26%
14
Hence ratio of 1st and 2nd quantities = 7 : 14 = 1 : 2
9. How many kilograms of sugar costing Rs. 9 per kg must be mixed with 27 kg of sugar costing Rs. 7 per
Kg so that there may be a gain of 10 % by selling the mixture at Rs. 9.24 per Kg ?
A. 60 Kg
B. 63 kg
C. 58 Kg
D. 56 Kg

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Selling Price(SP) of 1 Kg mixture= Rs. 9.24
Profit = 10%
Cost Price(CP) of 1 Kg mixture=

=
100
(100 + P rofit%)
SP =
100
9.24
(100 + 10)
100
92.4
9.24 =
= Rs. 8.4
110
11
CP of 1 kg sugar of 1st kind CP of 1 kg sugar of 2nd kind

Rs. 9
Rs. 7
Mean Price
Rs.8.4
8.4 - 7 = 1.4
9 - 8.4 = .6
ie, to get a cost price of 8.4, the sugars of kind1 and kind2
should be mixed in the
ratio 1.4 : .6 = 14 : 6 = 7 : 3
Let x Kg of kind1 sugar is mixed with 27 kg of kind2 sugar
then x : 27 = 7 : 3
x
7
=
27 3
x = 27
7
= 63
3
10. In what ratio should rice at Rs.9.30 per Kg be mixed with rice at Rs. 10.80 per Kg so that the mixture
be worth Rs.10 per Kg ?
A. 7 : 8
B. 8 : 7
C. 6 : 7
D. 7 ; 6

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Cost of 1 kg rice of 1st kind Cost of 1 kg rice of 2nd kind

9.3
10.80
Mean Price
10
10.8-10 = .8
10 - 9.3 = .7
Required ratio = .8 : .7 = 8 : 7.
11. In what ratio must tea worth Rs. 60 per kg be mixed with tea worth Rs. 65 a Kg such that by selling
the mixture at Rs. 68.20 a Kg ,there can be a gain 10%?
A. 3 : 2
B. 2 : 3
C. 4 : 3
D. 3 : 4

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Cost Price(CP) of 1 Kg mixture = Rs. 68.20
Profit = 10%
Cost Price(CP) of 1 Kg mixture=

=
100
(100 + P rofit%)
SP =
100
68.20
(100 + 10)
100
682
68.20 =
= Rs. 62
110
11
By the rule of alligation:
CP of 1 kg tea of 1st kind

60
CP of 1 kg tea of 2nd kind

65
Mean Price
62
65 - 62 = 3
Hence required ratio = 3 : 2
62 - 60 = 2
12. A container contains a mixture of two liquids P and Q in the ratio 7 : 5. When 9 litres of mixture are
drawn off and the container is filled with Q, the ratio of P and Q becomes 7 : 9. How many litres of liquid P
was contained in the container initially?
A. 23
B. 21
C. 19
D. 17

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let's initial quantity of P in the container be 7x

and initial quantity of Q in the container be 5x
Now 9 litres of mixture are drawn off from the container
Quantity of P in 9 litres of the mixtures drawn off = 9
7
63 21
=
=
12 12
4
Quantity of Q in 9 litres of the mixtures drawn off = 9
5
45 15
=
=
12 12
4
Hence
Quantity of P remains in the mixtures after 9 litres is drawn off =7x
21
4
Quantity of Q remains in the mixtures after 9 litres is drawn off =5x
15
4
Since the container is filled with Q after 9 litres of mixture is drawn off,
Quantity of Q in the mixtures = 5x
15
21
+ 9 = 5x +
4
4
Given that the ratio of P and Q becomes 7 : 9

(7x
21
21
) : (5x +
) = 7 :9
4
4
21
)
4
21
(5x +
)
4
(7x
63x (
7
9
9 21
7 21
) = 35x + (
)
4
4
28x = (
x= (
16 21
)
4
16 21
)
4 28
litres of P contained in the container initially = 7x = (
7 16 21
16 21
)=
= 21
4 28
44
13. A vessel is filled with liquid, 3 parts of which are water and 5 parts of syrup. How much of the mixture
must be drawn off and replaced with water so that the mixture may be half water and half syrup?
1
3
1
C.
5
A.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
1
4
1
D.
6
B.
Let the quantity of the initial liquid in the vessel = 8 litre and
quantity of water in the initial liquid = 3 litre and
quantity of syrup in the initial liquid = 5 litre
Let x litre of the mixture is drawn off and replaced with water
Quantity of water in the new mixture = 3
3x
+x
8
Quantity of syrup in the new mixture = 5
5x
8
Given that in the new mixture, quantity of water = quantity of syrup

3
3x
5x
+x = 5
8
8
10x
=2
8
5x
=2
4
x=
8
5
8
litre
5
Initially we assumed that the quantity of the initial liquid in the

vessel = 8 litre for
the ease of calculations. For that 8/5 litre of the mixture to be
drawn off and replaced
with water so that the mixture may be half water and half syrup
Now, if the initial liquid in the vessel = 1 litre, quantity of the
mixture to be drawn off
and replaced with water so that the mixture may be half water
and half syrup
8 1 1
=
5 8 5
It means 1/5 of the mixture has to be drawn off and replaced

with water so that the mixture
may be half water and half syrup
14. In what ratio must water be mixed with milk costing Rs.12 per litre in order to get a mixture worth of
Rs.8 per litre?
A. 1 : 3
B. 2 : 2
C. 1 : 2
D. 3 : 1

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Cost Price of 1 litre of water Cost Price of 1 litre of milk

0
12
Mean Price
8
12-8=4
8-0=8
Required Ratio = 4 : 8 = 1 : 2
15. In what ratio must tea at Rs.62 per Kg be mixed with tea at Rs. 72 per Kg so that the mixture must be
worth Rs. 64.50 per Kg?
A. 1 : 2
B. 2 : 1
C. 3 : 1
D. 1 : 3

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Cost of 1 kg of 1st kind

tea
62
Cost of 1 kg tea of 2nd kind

tea
72
Mean Price
64.5
72-64.5=7.5
64.5-62=2.5
Required Ratio = 7.5 : 2.5 = 3 : 1
16. In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties of pulses costing Rs.15 and Rs. 20 per kg respectively to
obtain a mixture worth Rs.16.50 per Kg?
A. 1 : 2
B. 2 : 1
C. 3 : 7
D. 7 : 3

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
By the rule of alligation,we have
CP of 1 kg of 1st variety
pulse
15
CP of 1 kg of 2nd variety
pulse
20
Mean Price
16.5
20-16.5 = 3.5
16.5-15=1.5
Required Ratio = 3.5 : 1.5 = 35 : 15 = 7 : 3
17. A merchant has 1000 kg of sugar part of which he sells at 8% profit and the rest at 18% profit. He
gains 14% on the whole. The Quantity sold at 18% profit is
A. 300
B. 400
C. 600
D. 500

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
By the rule of alligation,we have
Profit% by selling 1st part
Profit% by selling 2nd part
18
Net % profit
14
18-14=4
14-8=6
=> Quantity of part1 : Quantity of part2 = 4 : 6 = 2 : 3

Total quantity is given as 1000Kg
So Quantity of part2 (Quantity sold at 18% profit) = 1000
3
= 600Kg
5
18. A dishonest milkman sells his milk at cost price but he mixes it with water and thereby gains 25%.
What is the percentage of water in the mixture?
A. 25%
B. 20%
C. 22%
D. 24%

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1 - Using the concepts learned in Profit and Loss

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------If a trader professes to sell his goods at cost price, but uses false weights, then
Gain% = [
Error
(True Value Error)
100] %
Here Gain= 25%

Here error = quantity of water he mixes in the milk = x
Here the true value = true quantity of milk = T
So the formula becomes 25 =
1=
x
100
(T x)
x
4
(T x)
T x = 4x
T = 5x
percentage of water in the mixture =
x
x
1
100 =
100 = 100 = 20%
T
5x
5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2 - Using the concepts learned in Mixtures and Alligations

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Let CP of 1 litre milk = Rs.1
Given that SP of 1 litre mixture = CP of 1 Litre milk = Rs.1
Given than Gain = 25%
Hence CP of 1 litre mixture =
100
(100 + Gain%)
SP
100
100 4
1 =
=
125 5
(100 + 25)
CP of 1 litre milk
1
CP of 1 litre water
0
CP of 1 litre mixture
4/5
4/5 - 0 = 4/5
1- 4/5 = 1/5
=> Quantity of milk : Quantity of water = 4/5 : 1/5 = 4 : 1
Hence percentage of water in the mixture =
19.
1
100 = 20%
5
In what ratio must water be mixed with milk to gain 16
2
% on selling the mixture at cost price?
3
A. 6 : 1
B. 1 : 6
C. 1 : 4
D. 4 : 1

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let CP of 1 litre milk = Rs.1

SP of 1 litre mixture = CP of 1 litre milk = Rs.1
Gain = 16
2
50
%=
%
3
3
CP of 1 litre mixture =
100
50
(100 +
)
3
100
(100 + Gain%)
1 =
100
350
(
)
3
SP
300 6
=
350 7
CP of 1 litre water
0
CP of 1 litre milk
1
CP of 1 litre mixture
6/7
1 - 6/7 = 1/7
6/7 - 0 = 6/7
Quantity of water : Quantity of milk = 1/7 : 6/7 = 1 : 6
20. In what ratio must rice at Rs.7.10 be mixed with rice at Rs.9.20 so that the mixture may be worth Rs.8
per Kg?
A. 5 : 4
B. 2 : 1
C. 3 : 2
D. 4 : 3

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
CP of 1 kg Rice of 1st kind

7.1
CP of 1 kg Rice of 2nd kind

9.2
Mean Price
8
9.2 - 8 = 1.2
8 - 7.1 = .9
Required ratio = 1.2 : .9 = 12 : 9 = 4 : 3
21. How many Kg of rice at Rs.6.60 per Kg. be mixed with 56Kg of rice at Rs.9.60 per Kg to get a mixture
worth Rs.8.20 per Kg
A. 56 Kg
B. 52 Kg
C. 44 Kg
D. 49 Kg

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Cost of 1 kg of 1st kind rice Cost of 1 kg of 2nd kind rice

6.6
9.6
Price of 1Kg of the mixture

8.2
9.6 - 8.2 = 1.4
8.2 - 6.6 = 1.6
Quantity of 1st kind rice : Quantity of 2nd kind rice = 1.4 : 1.6
=7 : 8
Quantity of 1st kind rice : 56 = 7 : 8
=> Quantity of 1st kind rice = 56
7
= 49
8
22. How many litres of water must be added to 16 liters of milk and water contains 10% water to make it
20% water in it
A. 4 litre
B. 2 litre
C. 1 litre
D. 3 litre

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
% Concentration of water
in pure water : 100
% Concentration of water
in the given mixture : 10
Mean % concentration
20
20 - 10 = 10
100 - 20 = 80
=> Quantity of water : Quantity of the mixture = 10 : 80 = 1 :

8
Here Quantity of the mixture = 16 litres
=> Quantity of water : 16 = 1 : 8
Quantity of water = 16
1
= 2 litre
8
23. We have a 630 ml of mixture of milk and water in the ratio 7:2. How much water must be added to
make the ratio 7:3?
A. 70 ml
B. 60 ml
C. 80 ml
D. 50 ml

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
concentration of water in mixture1 = 2/9 (Since the ratio of milk
and water = 7:2) ---item(1)
concentration of water in pure water= 1 ---item(2)
Now the above mentioned items are mixed to form a mixture2
where milk and water ratio = 7: 3
=>concentration of water in mixture2 = 3/10
concentration of water
in mixture1 : 2/9
concentration of water
in pure water : 1
Mean concentration
3/10
1 - 3/10 = 7/10
3/10 - 2/9 = 7/90
=> Quantity of mixture1 : Quantity of water = 7/10 : 7/90 =

1/10 : 1/90 = 1 : 1/9
Given that Quantity of mixture1 = 630 ml
=> 630 : Quantity of water = 1 : 1/9
1
= 70 ml
9
24. 3 litre of water is added to 11 litre of a solution containing 42% of alcohol in the water. The
percentage of alcohol in the new mixture is
A. 25%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 33%

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
---------------------------------------------------------Method-1 to solve the question

---------------------------------------------------------We have a 11 litre solution containing 42% of alcohol in the water
=> Quantity of alcohol in the solution=
11 42
100
Now 3 litre of water is added to the solution

=> Total Quantity of the new solution = 11 + 3 = 14
11 42
100
Percentage of alcohol in the new solution =
100
14
=
11 3
= 33%
100
---------------------------------------------------------Method-2 to solve the question

---------------------------------------------------------%Concentration of alcohol in pure water = 0
%Concentration of alcohol in mixture = 42
quantity of water : Quantity of mixture = 3 : 11
Let the %Concentration of alcohol in the new mixture = x
%Concentration of alcohol : 0 %Concentration of alcohol

in pure water
in mixture : 42
Mean %Concentration
42 - x
x-0=x
But (42 - x) : x = 3 : 11
42 x
3
=
x
11
42 x
3
=
x
11
42 11 11x = 3x
14x = 42 11
x = 3 11 = 33
=> The percentage of alcohol in the new mixture is 33%
25. Rs.460 was divided among 41 boys and girls such that each boy Rs.12 and each girl got Rs.8. What is
the number of boys?
A. 33
B. 30
C. 36
D. 28

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
-----------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
-----------------------------------------------------------------Assume that the number of boys = b and number of girls is g
number of boys + number of girls = 41
=> b + g = 41 ------------ (Equation 1)
Given that each boy got Rs.12 and each girl got Rs.8 and Total
amount = Rs.460
=> 12b + 8g = 460 -------- (Equation 2)

Now we need solve Equation 1 and Equation 2 to get b and g
(Equation1) 8 => 8b + 8g = 8 41 = 328 (Equation3)

(Equation 2) - (Equation 3) = 4b = 460 - 328 = 132
=> b =
132
= 33
4
-----------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------Given that Amount received by a boy = Rs.12 and
Amount received by a girl =Rs.8
Total amount = 460
Given that number of boys + Number of girls = 41
Hence mean amount = 460/41
Amount received by a boy

12
Amount received by a girl

8
Mean amount
460/41
460/41 - 8 =132/41
12 - 460/41 = 32/41
Number of boys : Number of girls = 132/41 : 32/41 = 132 : 32 =

66 : 16 = 33 : 8
Given that number of boys + Number of girls = 41
Hence number of boys = 41
33
= 33
41
26. A trader has 1600Kg of sugar. He sells a part at 8% profit and the rest at 12% profit. If he gains 11%
on the whole , find the quantity sold at 12%.
A. 1200 Kg
B. 1400 Kg
C. 1600 Kg
D. 800 Kg

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
% Profit by selling part1

8
% Profit by selling part2

12
Net % Profit
11
12 - 11 = 1
11 - 8 = 3
=>Quantity of part1 : Quantity of part2 = 1 : 3

Given that total quantity = 1600 Kg
Hence quantity of part2 (quantity sold at 12%) = 1600
3
= 1200
4
27. In 40 litres of a mixture the ratio of milk to water is 7:1. In order to make the ratio of milk to water as
3:1, the quantity of water that should be added to the mixture will be
2
litre
3
2
C. 6
litre
3
A.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
1
litre
3
B.
D.
6 litre
Concentration of water
in pure water : 1
Concentration of water
in mixture : 1/8
Concentration of water in the final mixture

1/4
1/4 - 1/8 = 1/8
1 - 1/4 = 3/4
Quantity of water : Quantity of mixture = 1/8 : 3/4 = 1 : 6

Given that quantity of mixture = 40 litre
=>Quantity of water : 40 = 1 : 6
1
2
= 6 litre
6
3
28. Some amount out Rs.7000 was lent at 6% per annum and the remaining was lent at 4% per annum. If
the total simple interest from both the fractions in 5 years was Rs.1600, the sum lent of 6% per annum
was
A. Rs. 2400
B. Rs. 2200
C. Rs. 2000
D. Rs. 1800

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Total simple interest received , I = Rs.1600
Principal , p = 7000
period, n = 5 years
Rate of interest, r = ?
pnr
7000 5 r
=> 1600 =
100
100
1600 100
160 32
=> r =
=
=
%
7000 5
35
7
Simple Interest, I =
Rate of interest % from

part1
6
Rate of interest % from

part2
4
Net rate of interest %

32/7
32/7 - 4 =4/7
6 - 32/7 = 10/7
=> Part1 : part2 = 4/7 : 10/7 = 4 : 10 = 2 : 5

Given that total amount = Rs.7000
The amount lent of 6% per annum (part1 amount) = 7000
2
= Rs. 2000
7
29. In 1 kg mixture of iron and manganese 20% of manganese. How much iron should be added so that the
proportion of manganese becomes 10%
A. 1.5 Kg
B. 2 Kg
C. .5 Kg
D. 1 Kg

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Percentage concentration of
manganese in the mixture :
20
Percentage concentration
of
manganese in pure iron :
0
Percentage concentration of manganese in the final

mixture
10
10 - 0 = 10
20 - 10 = 10
=> Quantity of the mixture : Quantity of iron = 10 : 10 = 1 : 1
Given that Quantity of the mixture = 1 Kg

Hence Quantity of iron to be added = 1 Kg
30. John bought 20 kg of wheat at the rate of Rs.8.50 per kg and 35 kg at the rate of Rs.8.75 per kg. He
mixed the two. Approximately at what price per kg should he sell the mixture to make 40% profit as the
cost price?
A. Rs.12
B. Rs.8
C. Rs.16
D. Rs.20

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
CP = 20 8.5 + 35 8.75 = 170 + 306.25 = 476.25

P rofit = 40%
SP =
=
(100 + P rofit%)
100
CP =
(100 + 40)
140
476.25 =
476.25
100
100
140
19.05 = 35 19.05
4
Total quantity = 20 + 35 = 55 Kg
SP per Kg =
35 19.05
7 19.05
=
55
11
7 19
133
12
11
11
I mportan t Formu las - P artn ersh ips

1.
Partnership
Two or more people can get together to do business by pooling resources. The deal is known as
partnership. All the people who have invested money in the partnership are called partners.
2.
If investments of all the partners are for the same time period, the gain or loss is distributed among
the partners = the ratio of their investments.
Assume P and Q invest Rs. a and Rs. b respectively for a year in a partnership, then at the end of
the year:
(P's share of profit) : (Q's share of profit) = a : b.
3.
If investments are for different time periods, then equivalent capitals are calculated for a unit of
time
Assume A invests Rs. a for x months and B invests Rs. b for y months then,
(A's share of profit) : (B's share of profit)= ax : by.
4.
A partner who manages the business is known as a working partner
5.
A partner who simply invests the money is a sleeping partner.
1. X and Y invest Rs.21000 and Rs.17500 respectively in a business. At the end of the year, they make a
profit of Rs.26400. What is the share of X in the profit?
A. Rs.14400
B. Rs.26400
C. Rs.12000
D. Rs.12500

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Ratio of the investment = 21000 : 17500 = 210 : 175 = 42 : 35
=6 : 5
Share of X in the profit = 26400 * (6/11) = 2400 * 6 = 14400
2. X starts a business with Rs.45000. Y joins in the business after 3 months with Rs.30000. What will be
the ratio in which they should share the profit at the end of the year?
A. 1:2
B. 2:1
C. 1:3
D. 3:1

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Ratio in which they should share the profit
= Ratio of the investments multiplied by the time period
= 45000 * 12: 30000 * 9
= 45 * 12: 30 * 9
= 3*12: 2 * 9
= 2:1
3. Suresh started a business with Rs.20,000. Kiran joined him after 4 months with Rs.30,000. After 2
months, Suresh withdrew Rs.5,000 of his capital and 2 more months later, Kiran brought in Rs.20,000 more.
What should be the ratio in which they should share their profits at the end of the year?
A. 21:32
B. 32:21
C. 12:17
D. 17:12

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Here capital is not the same.
Suresh invest 20000 for initial 6 months and 15000 for the next
6 months.
Hence his term of ratio
=( 20000*6 + 15000*6)
Kiran invest Rs.30000 for 4 months and Rs.50000 for next 4

months.
Hence his term of ration
= (30000*4 : 50000*4)
Suresh : Kiran = ( 20000*6 + 15000*6) : (30000*4 : 50000*4)

= (20*6 + 15*6) : (30*4 + 50*4)
= (20*3 + 15*3) : (30*2 : 50*2)
= 105:160
= 21:32
4. Kamal started a business with Rs.25000 and after 4 months, Kiran joined him with Rs.60000. Kamal
received Rs.58000 including 10% of profit as commission for managing the business. What amount did Kiran
receive?
A. 75000
B. 70000
C. 72000
D. 78000

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Ratio of the profits = 25000*12 : 60000*8
= 25*12 : 60*8 = 5*3 : 12:2 = 5 : 4*2

= 5:8
Let the total profit = x.

Then Kamal received 10x/100 = x/10 as
managing the business
commission for
Remaining profit = x- x/10 = 9x/10 which is shared in the ration

5:8
Kamal's share = x/10 + (9x/10) * (5/13) = 58000

=> x + 9x(5/13) = 580000
=> x(1 + 45/13) = 580000
=> x ( 58/13) = 580000
=> x ( 1/13) = 10000
=> x = 130000
Kiran's share = 130000 - 58000 = 72000
5. A and B started a partnership business investing Rs. 20,000 and Rs. 15,000 respectively. C joined them
with Rs. 20,000 After six months. Calculate B's share in total profit of Rs. 25,000 earned at the end of 2
years from the starting of the business?
A. 7500
B. 8500
C. 9000
D. 8000

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
A : B : C = 20000*24 : 15000*24 : 20000*18 = 20*4 : 15*4 :
20*3
= 4*4 : 3*4 : 4*3
= 4:3:3
B's Share = 25000 * 3/10 = 7500
6. A starts a business with a capital of Rs. 85,000. B joins in the business with Rs.42500 after some time.
For how much period does B join, if the profits at the end of the year are divided in the ratio of 3 : 1?
A. 5 months
B. 6 months
C. 7 months
D. 8 months

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let B joins for x months. Then
A:B = 85000*12 : x* 42500 = 3 : 1
=> 850*12 : 425x= 3 : 1
=> 850*12/ 425x = 3/1 = 3
=> 850*4 /425x = 1
=> 2*4/x = 1
=> x = 8
7. A starts a business with Rs.40,000. After 2 months, B joined him with Rs.60,000. C joined them after
some more time with Rs.1,20,000. At the end of the year, out of a total profit of Rs.3,75,000, C gets
Rs.1,50,000 as his share. How many months after B joined the business, did C join?
A. 4 months
B. 5 months
C. 6 months
D. 7 months

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Assume that C was there in the business for x months
A:B:C = 40000*12 : 60000*10 : 120000*x
= 40*12 : 60*10 : 120x = 40 : 5*10 : 10x
=8 : 10 : 2x
=4 : 5 : x
C's share = 375000*x/(9+x) = 150000

=> 375x/(9+x) = 150
=> 15x = 6(9+x)
=> 5x = 18 + 2x
=> 3x = 18
=> x = 18/3 = 6
It means C was there in the business for 6 months. Given that B
joined the business
after 2 months. Hence C joined after 4 months after B joined
8. A and B invest in a business in the ratio 3: 2. Assume that 5% of the total profit goes to charity. If A's
share is Rs. 855, what is the total profit?
A. 1400
B. 1500
C. 1600
D. 1200

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Assume that the total profit is x.
Since 5% goes for charity, 95% of x will be divided between A
and B in the ratio 3: 2
=> A's profit = (95x/100) * (3/5) = 855
=> 95x/100 = 855*5/3 = 285*5 = 1425
=> x = 1425 * 100/95 = 285 * 100/19 = 1500
Hence the total profit = 1500
9. A, B and C invest in a partnership in the ratio: 7/2, 4/3, 6/5. After 4 months, A increases his share
50%. If the total profit at the end of one year be Rs. 21,600, then what is B's share in the profit?
A. Rs. 2000
B. Rs. 3000
C. Rs. 4000
D. Rs. 5000

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Ratio of the initial investment = 7/2 : 4/3 : 6/5
= 105 : 40 : 36
From this ratio, we can assume that actual initial investments

of A, B and C
are 105x, 40x and 36x respectively
A increases his share 50% after 4 months. Hence the ratio of

their investments =
(105x * 4) + (105x * 150/100 * 8) : 40x * 12 : 36x : 12
= 105 + (105 * 3/2 * 2) : 40*3 : 36 * 3
= 105 * 4 : 40 *3 : 36 * 3
= 35 * 4 : 40 : 36
= 35 : 10 : 9
B's share = total profit * (10/54) = 21,600 * 10/54 = 4000
10. A, B and C jointly thought of engaging themselves in a business venture. It was agreed that A would
invest Rs. 6500 for 6 months, B, Rs. 8400 for 5 months and C, Rs. 10,000 for 3 months. A wants to be the
working member for which, he was to receive 5% of the profits. The profit earned was Rs. 7400. What is
the share of B in the profit.
A. 2660
B. 1000
C. 2300
D. 4000

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
A is a working member and for that, he receive 5% of the profit
= 5% of 7400 = 5*7400/100 = 370
Remaining amount = 7400-370 = 7030
Ratio of their investments = 6500*6 : 8400*5 : 10000*3

= 65*6 : 84*5 : 100*3 = 13*6 : 84 : 20*3 = 13*2 : 28 : 20
= 13 : 14 : 10
Share of B in the profit = 7030 * (14/37) = 190*14 = 2660
11. A, B, C subscribe Rs. 50,000 for a business. If A subscribes Rs. 4000 more than B and B Rs. 5000 more
than C, out of a total profit of Rs. 35,000, what will be the amount A receives?
A. 14200
B. 14700
C. 14800
D. 14500

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Total amount invested = 50000
Assume that investment of C = x.

Then investment of B = 5000 + x ,
Investment of A = 4000+5000+x = 9000+x
x + 5000+x + 9000+x = 50000

=> 3x + 14000 = 50000
=> 3x = 50000 14000 = 36000

=> x = 36000/3 = 12000
=> Investment of C = x = 12000 ,

Investment of B = 5000 + x = 17000,
Investment of A = 9000+x = 21000
Ratio of the investment of A : B : C = 21000 : 17000 : 12000 =

21 : 17 : 12
Share of A = Total Profit * 21/50 = 35000 * 21/50 = 700*21 =
14700
12. A, B, C rent a pasture. If A puts 10 oxen for 7 months, B puts 12 oxen for 5 months and C puts 15
oxen for 3 months for grazing and the rent of the pasture is Rs. 175, then how much amount should C pay
as his share of rent?
A. 45
B. 35
C. 55
D. 60

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
A : B: C = 10*7 : 12*5 : 15*3 = 2*7 : 12*1 : 3*3 = 14 : 12 : 9
amount that C should pay = 175 * (9/35) = 5*9 = 45
13. A and B entered into partnership with capitals in the ratio 4 : 5. After 3 months, A withdrew of his
capital and B withdrew 1/5 of his capital. At the end of 10 months, the gain was Rs. 760. What is A's
share in the profit?
A. 310
B. 330
C. 370
D. 350

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Ratio of the initial capital of A and B = 4 : 5
Hence we can take the initial capitals of A and B as 4x and 5x
respectively
Ratio in which profit will be divided

= (4x*3) + (3/4)*(4x)*7 : (5x*3)+ (4/5)*(5x)*7
= 12+21 : 15+28
= 33 : 43
A's share = 760 * 33/76 = 330
14. A starts a business with Rs. 3500. After 5 months, B joins with A as his partner. After a year, the
profit is divided in the ratio 2 : 3. B's contribution in the capital is
A. 7000
B. 8000
C. 9000
D. 10000

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Ratio in which profit is divided = 2:3
Assume that B's contribution to the capital = b
=> 3500*12 : b*7 = 2:3
=> 3500*12/7b = 2/3
=> b = (3500*12*3)/(2*7) = 500*6*3 = 9000
15. A, B and C shared the profit in a business in the ratio 5 : 7 : 8. They had partnered for 14 months, 8
months and 7 months respectively. What was the ratio of their investments?
A. 10:12:14
B. 12:24:28
C. 20:22:12
D. 20:49:64

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Ratio in which A,B and C shared the profit = 5 : 7 : 8
Assume that the ratio of their investment = a:b:c
Then 14a : 8b : 7c = 5 : 7 : 8
Good to go, we got the equation. Now it's a matter of time to

find a, b and c
14a/8b = 5/7
=> 98a = 40b
=> b = 98a/40 = 49a/20 ---(1)
14a/7c =5/8
=> 2a/c =5/8
=> 16a = 5c
=> c = 16a/5 ---(2)
a : b : c = a : 49a/20 : 16a/5 = 1 : 49/20 : 16/5 = 20 : 49 : 64
16. A and B started a partnership business investing capital in the ratio of 3 : 5. C joined in the
partnership after six months with an amount equal to that of B. At the end of one year, the profit should
be distributed among A, B and C in --- proportion.
A. 10 : 5 : 4
B. 5 : 3 : 4
C. 3 : 4: 5
D. 6 : 10 : 5

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Initial investment capital ratio of A and B = 3 : 5

Hence we can assume that initial capital of A and B are 3x and
5x respectively.
Amount that C invest after 6 months = 5x (Since it is equal to
B's investment)
Ratio in which profit should be distributed after 1 year = 3x*12

: 5x * 12 : 5x*6
=> 3*12 : 5*12 : 5*6
= 6 : 10 : 5
17. A & B partner in a business , A contribute 1/4 of the capital for 15 months & B received 2/3 of the
profit . For how long B's money was used
A. 12 months
B. 10 months
C. 14 months
D. 16 months

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
B received 2/3 of the profit
=> A : B = 1 : 2
Let the total capital = x

Then A's capital = x/4
B's capital = x x/4 = 3x/4
Assume B's money was used for b months

Then A:B = (x/4)*15 : (3x/4)*b = 1 : 2
=> 15/4 : 3b/4 = 1 : 2
=> 15 : 3b = 1 : 2
=> 5 : b = 1 : 2
=> 5/b = 1/ 2
=> b = 5*2 = 10
18. A , B , C started a partnership business by investing Rs 27000 , 72000 , 81000 respectively. At the
end of the year , the profit were distributed among them. If C's share of profit is 36000, What is the total
profit?
A. 80000
B. 90000
C. 70000
D. 120000

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
A:B:C = 27000:72000:81000
= 3:8:9
Let the total profit= p

Then p * 9/20 = 36000
=> p = 36000*20/9 = 80000
19. A & B started a partnership business. A's investment was thrice the investment of B and the period of
his investment was two times the period of investments of B. If B received Rs 4000 as profit , what is their
total profit?
A. 28000
B. 30000
C. 32000
D. 34000

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Suppose B's investment = x. Then A's investment= 3x
Suppose Bs period of investment = y, then A's period of

investment = 2y
A : B = 3x * 2y : xy
=6 : 1
Total profit * 1/7 = 4000

=> Total profit = 4000*7 = 28000
20. P and Q invested in a business. The profit earned was divided in the ratio 2 : 3. If P invested Rs
40000, the amount invested by Q is
A. 40000
B. 50000
C. 60000
D. 70000

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let the amount invested by Q = q
40000 : q = 2 : 3
=> 40000/q = 2/3
=> q = 40000 * (3/2) = 60000
21. A & B start a business jointly. A invests Rs 16000 for 8 month & B remains in a business for 4 months.
Out of total profit, B claims 2/7 of the profit . How much money was contributed by B ?
A. 11200
B. 12000
C. 12400
D. 12800

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
B's share = 2/7 of the profit
=> A:B = 5:2
(We can easily find out A:B as given above by doing quick
mental calculations
and it will be excellent if you can do as much as mental
calculations possible.
Just for explanation, see below steps to systematically find out
A:B
Let the total profit = x
B's share = 2x/7
A's share = x 2x/7 = 5x/7
A:B = 5x/7 : 2x/7 = 5:2)
Let the money contributed by B = b

Then A:B = 16000*8 : b*4 = 5:2
=> (16000*8)/4b = 5/2
=> b = (16000*8*2)/ (4*5) = 800*8*2 = 12800
22. A and B starts a business investing Rs.85000 and Rs.15000 respectively. Find out the ratio in which
the profit s should be shared.
A. 10:3
B. 17:3
C. 3:10
D. 3:17

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Here A's and B's capitals are there for equal time. Hence
A : B = 85000 : 15000
= 85 : 15
= 17 : 3
23. A , B , C start a business each investing Rs 20,000 . After 5 month A withdraws Rs 5000, B withdraws
Rs 4000 & C invests Rs 6000 more . At the end of the year, a total profit of Rs 69900 was recorded . Find
the share of A
A. 20600
B. 20700
C. 20500
D. 20400

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
A : B : C = (20000*5 +15000*7) : (20000*5 +16000*7) :
(20000*5 +26000*7)
= (20*5 + 15*7) : (20*5 + 16*7) : (20*5 + 26*7)
= 205 : 212 : 282
A's share = 69900 * 205/(205+212+282) = 69900*205/699 =

20500
24. A invested Rs 76000 in a business. After few months, B joined him with Rs 57000. The total profit was
divided between them in the ratio 2 : 1 at the end of the year. After how many months did B join?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Assume that B joins for x months . Then
A : B = 76000*12 : 57000*x = 2:1
=> 76*12 : 57x = 2:1
=> 76*12/57x = 2/1 = 2
=> x = 76*12/57*2 = 76*4/19*2 = 8
Hence B was there in the business for 8 months, or joined after

12-8 = 4 months
25. Three partners A , B , C start a business . B's Capital is four times C's capital and twice A's capital is
equal to thrice B's capital . If the total profit is Rs 16500 at the end of a year ,Find out B's share in it.
A. 4000
B. 5000
C. 6000
D. 7000

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Suppose C's capital = x then
B's capital = 4x (Since B's Capital is four times C's capital)
A's capital = 6x ( Since twice A's capital is equal to thrice B's
capital)
A:B:C =6 x : 4x : x
=6 : 4 : 1
B's share = 16500 * (4/11) = 1500*4 = 6000
26. In a business, A and C invested amounts in the ratio 2 : 1 , whereas the ratio between amounts
invested by A and B was 3 : 2 . If Rs 157300 was their profit, how much amount did B receive?
A. 48000
B. 48200
C. 48400
D. 48600

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Assume that investment of C = x
Then, investment of A =2x
Investment of B = 4x/3
A:B:C = 2x : 4x/3 : x = 2 : 4/3 : 1 =6 : 4 : 3
B's share = 157300 * 4/(6+4+3) = 157300*4/13

= 12100*4 = 48400
27. P , Q and R started a business by investing Rs 120000 , Rs 135000 & Rs 150000 respectively. Find the
share of each, out of the annual profit of Rs 56700
A. 16800 , 18900 , 21000
B. 17850 , 18900 , 21000
C. 16800 , 18900 , 22000
D. 17850, 18500 , 22000

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
P : Q : R = 120000 : 135000 : 150000 = 120:135:150
= 24:27:30
= 8:9:10
Share of P= 56700*8/27 = 2100*8 = 16800

Share of Q = 56700*9/27 = 2100*9 = 18900
Share of R = 56700*10/27 = 2100*10 = 21000
28. If 4 (P's Capital ) = 6 ( Q's Capital ) = 10 ( R's Capital ) , then out of the total profit of Rs 4650 , R will
receive
A. 600
B. 700
C. 800
D. 900

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let P's capital = p, Q's capital = q and R's capital = r
Then
4p = 6q = 10r
=> 2p = 3q = 5r
=>q = 2p/3
r = 2p/5
P : Q : R = p : 2p/3 : 2p/5
= 15 : 10 : 6
R's share = 4650 * (6/31) = 150*6 = 900
29. P, Q, R enter into a partnership. P initially invests 25 lakh & adds another 10 lakhs after one year. Q
initially invests 35 lakh & withdrawal 10 lakh after 2 years and R invests Rs 30 Lakhs . In what ratio should
the profit be divided at the end of 3 years?
A. 18:19:19
B. 18:18:19
C. 19:19:18
D. 18:19:19

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
P:Q:R = (25*1+35*2) : (35*2 : 25*1) : (30*3)
= 95 : 95 : 90
= 19 : 19: 18
30. P , Q, R enter into a partnership & their share are in the ratio 1/2 : 1/3 : 1/4 , after two months , P
withdraws half of the capitals & after 10 months , a profit of Rs 378 is divided among them . What is Q's
share?
A. 114
B. 120
C. 134
D. 144

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
The ratio of their initial investment = 1/2 : 1/3 : 1/4
= 6 : 4: 3
Let's take the initial investment of P, Q and R as 6x, 4x and 3x

respectively
A:B:C = (6x * 2 + 3x * 10) : 4x*12 : 3x*12

= (12+30) : 4*12 : 3*12
=(4+10) : 4*4 : 12
= 14 : 16 : 12
=7 : 8 : 6
B's share = 378 * (8/21) = 18 * 8 = 144
I mportan t Formu las - P ercen tage

1.
Percentage
Percent means for every 100
So, when percent is calculated for any value, it means that we calculate the value for every 100 of
the reference value.
percent is denoted by the symbol %. For example, x percent is denoted by x%
2.
x% =
x
100
Example :
3.
To express
Example :
4.
25% =
25
1
=
100
4
x
x
x
as a percent,we have
= ( 100) %
y
y
y
1
1
= ( 100) % = 25%
4
4
If the price of a commodity increases by R%, the reduction in consumption

so as not to increase the expenditure = [
5.
R
(100 + R)
100] %
If the price of a commodity decreases by R%, the increase in consumption

so as not to decrease the expenditure = [
R
(100 R)
100] %
6.
If the population of a town = P and it increases at the rate of R% per annum, then
n
R
)
Population after n years = P (1 +
100
7.
If the population of a town = P and it increases at the rate of R% per annum, then
P
Population before n years =
n
R
(1 +
)
100
8.
If the present value of a machine = P and it depreciates at the rate of R% per annum, Then
n
R
)
Value of the machine after n years = P (1
100
9.
If the present value of a machine = P and it depreciates at the rate of R% per annum, Then
P
Value of the machine before n years =
n
R
(1
)
100
1. Two students appeared at an examination. One of them secured 9 marks more than the other and his
marks was 56% of the sum of their marks. What are the marks obtained by them?
A. 42, 33
B. 42, 36
C. 44, 33
D. 44, 36

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the marks secured by them be x and (x + 9)
Then sum of their marks = x + (x + 9) = 2x + 9
Given that (x + 9) was 56% of the sum of their marks
56
(2x + 9)
100
14
=> (x + 9) =
(2x + 9)
25
=> (x + 9) =
=> 25x + 225 = 28x + 126

=> 3x = 99
=> x = 33
Then (x + 9) = 33 + 9 = 42
Hence their marks are 33 and 42
2. If A = x% of y and B = y% of x, then which of the following is true?

A. None of these
C. Relationship
determined.
B. A is smaller than B.
between
and
cannot
E. A is greater than B.
Answer : Option A
Explanation :
A=
x
xy
y=
.................(Equation 1)
100
100
B=
y
yx
x=
.................(Equation 2)
100
100
be
D. If x is smaller than y, then A is greater than

B.
From these equations, it is clear that A = B
3. If 20% of a = b, then b% of 20 is the same as:

A. None of these
B. 10% of a
C. 4% of a
D. 20% of a

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
20% of a = b
=> b =
20
a
100
20
a)
100
b
b% of 20 =
20 =
100
100
4a
=
= 4% of a
100
(
20 =
20 20 a
100 100
4. Two numbers A and B are such that the sum of 5% of A and 4% of B is two-third of the sum of 6% of A
and 8% of B. Find the ratio of A : B.
A. 2 : 1
B. 1 : 2
C. 1 : 1
D. 4 : 3

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
2
(6% of A + 8% of B)
3
5A
4B
2 6A
8B
)
+
= (
+
100 100 3 100 100
2
5A+ 4B = (6A+ 8B)
3
15A+ 12B = 12A+ 16B
3A = 4B
A 4
=
B
3
A:B= 4 :3
5% of A + 4% of B =
5. Two employees X and Y are paid a total of Rs. 550 per week by their employer. If X is paid 120 percent
of the sum paid to Y, how much is Y paid per week?
A. Rs. 150
B. Rs. 300
C. Rs. 250
D. Rs. 200

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let the amount paid to X per week = x
and the amount paid to Y per week = y
Then x + y = 550
But x = 120% of y =
120y 12y
=
100
10
12y
+ y = 550
10
12
y[
+ 1] = 550
10
22y
= 550
10
22y = 5500
5500 500
y=
=
= Rs.250
22
2
6. Rahul went to a shop and bought things worth Rs. 25, out of which 30 Paise went on sales tax on
taxable purchases. If the tax rate was 6%, then what was the cost of the tax free items?
A. Rs. 15
B. Rs. 12.10
C. Rs. 19.70
D. Rs. 16.80

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Total cost of the items he purchased = Rs.25
Given that out of this Rs.25, 30 Paise is given as tax
=> Total tax incurred = 30 Paise = Rs.
30
100
Let the cost of the tax free items = x

Given that tax rate = 6%
30
6
30
x)
=
100
100 100
6(25 0.3 x) = 30
(25 0.3 x) = 5
x = 25 0.3 5 = 19.7
(25
7. The population of a town increased from 1,75,000 to 2,62,500 in a decade. What is the average
percent increase of population per year?
A. 4%
B. 6%
C. 5%
D. 50%

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Increase in the population in 10 years = 2,62,500 - 1,75,000 =
87500
87500
8750
100 =
= 50%
175000
175
50%
Average % increase of population per year =
= 5%
10
% ncrease in the population in 10 years =
8. Three candidates contested an election and received 1136, 7636 and 11628 votes respectively. What
percentage of the total votes did the winning candidate get?
A. 57%
B. 50%
C. 52%
D. 60%

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Votes received by the winning candidate = 11628
Total votes = 1136 + 7636 + 11628 = 20400
Required percentage =
11628
11628 2907 969
100 =
=
=
= 57%
20400
204
51
17
9. A fruit seller had some oranges. He sells 40% oranges and still has 420 oranges. How many oranges he
had originally?
A. 420
B. 700
C. 220
D. 400

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
He sells 40% of oranges and still there are 420 oranges
remaining
=> 60% of oranges = 420
60 Total Oranges
= 420
100
Total Oranges
=7
100
Total Oranges = 7 100 = 700
10. A batsman scored 110 runs which included 3 boundaries and 8 sixes. What percent of his total score
did he make by running between the wickets?
4
%
11
5
C. 45
%
11
A.
45
B.
45 %
D.
44
5
%
11

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Total runs scored = 110
Total runs scored from boundaries and sixes = 3 x 4 + 8 x 6 =
60
Total runs scored by running between the wickets = 110 - 60 =
50
Required % =
50
500
5
100 =
= 45
%
110
11
11
11. What percentage of numbers from 1 to 70 have 1 or 9 in the unit's digit?
2
%
3
A.
20
C.
21%
B.
20%
D.
22
2
%
3

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Total numbers = 70
Total numbers in 1 to 70 which has 1 in the unit digit = 7
Total numbers in 1 to 70 which has 9 in the unit digit = 7
Total numbers in 1 to 70 which has 1 or 9 in the unit digit = 7 +
7 = 14
14
140
100 =
= 20%
70
7
12. In an election between two candidates, one got 55% of the total valid votes, 20% of the votes were
invalid. If the total number of votes was 7500, what was the number of valid votes that the other
candidate got?
A. 2800
B. 2700
C. 2100
D. 2500

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Total number of votes = 7500
Given that 20% of Percentage votes were invalid
=> Valid votes = 80%
Total valid votes = 7500
80
100
1st candidate got 55% of the total valid votes.

Hence the 2nd candidate should have got 45% of the total valid votes
=> Valid votes that 2nd candidate got = total valid votes
= 7500
45
100
80
45
4
= 75 45 = 75 4 9 = 300 9 = 2700
100 100
5
13. In a competitive examination in State A, 6% candidates got selected from the total appeared
candidates. State B had an equal number of candidates appeared and 7% candidates got selected with 80
more candidates got selected than A. What was the number of candidates appeared from each State?
A. 8200
B. 7500
C. 7000
D. 8000

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
State A and State B had an equal number of candidates
appeared.
In state A, 6% candidates got selected from the total appeared
candidates
In state B, 7% candidates got selected from the total appeared
candidates
But in State B, 80 more candidates got selected than State A
From these, it is clear that 1% of the total appeared candidates
in State B = 80
=> total appeared candidates in State B = 80 x 100 = 8000
=> total appeared candidates in State A = total appeared
candidates in State B = 8000
14. What percent of a day is 6 hours?

A. 6.25%
B. 20%
C. 25%
D. 12.5%

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Total hours in a day = 24
6
100 = 25%
24
15. A student has to obtain 33% of the total marks to pass. He got 125 marks and failed by 40 marks. The
maximum marks are
A. 600
B. 500
C. 400
D. 300

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Given that the student got 125 marks and still he failed by 40
marks
=> The minimum pass mark = 125 + 40 = 165
Given that minimum pass mark = 33% of the total mark
33
= 165
100
16500
=> Total Mark =
= 500
33
=> Total Mark
16. In a certain school, 20% of students are below 8 years of age. The number of students above 8 years
of age is 2/3 of the number of students of 8 years of age which is 48. What is the total number of
students in the school?
A. 100
B. 102
C. 110
D. 90

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the total number of students = x
Given that 20% of students are below 8 years of age
then The number of students above or equal to 8 years of age
= 80% of x -----(Equation 1)
Given that number of students of 8 years of age = 48 ----(Equation 2)
Given that number of students above 8 years of age = 2/3 of
number of students of 8 years of age
=> number of students above 8 years of age =
2
48 = 32-----(Equation 3)
3
From Equation 1,Equation 2 and Equation 3,
80% of x = 48 + 32 = 80
80x
= 80
100
x
=1
100
x = 100
17. In an examination, 5% of the applicants were found ineligible and 85% of the eligible candidates
belonged to the general category. If 4275 eligible candidates belonged to other categories, then how
many candidates applied for the examination?
A. 28000
B. 30000
C. 32000
D. 33000

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let the number of candidates applied for the examination = x
Given that 5% of the applicants were found ineligible.
It means that 95% of the applicants were eligible ( 100% 5% = 95%)
Hence total eligible candidates =
95x
100
Given that 85% of the eligible candidates belonged to the general category
It means 15% of the eligible candidates belonged to other categories( 100% - 85% = 15%)
Hence Total eligible candidates belonged to other categories

15
95x
15
= total eligible candidates
=
100 100 100

95x 15
=
100 100
Given that Total eligible candidates belonged to other categories = 4275
95x 15
= 4275
100 100
19x 15
= 855
100 100
19x 3
= 171
100 100
x3
=9
100 100
x
=3
100 100
x = 3 100 100 = 30000
18. A student multiplied a number by 3/5 instead of 5/3.What is the percentage error in the calculation?
A. 64%
B. 32%
C. 34%
D. 42%

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the number = 1
Then, ideally he should have multiplied 1 by 5/3.
Hence the correct result was 1 x (5/3) = (5/3)
By mistake, he multiplied 1 by 3/5.
Hence the result with the error = 1 x (3/5) = (3/5)
Error =
5 3 25 9
16
=
=
3 5
15
15
16
)
15
Error
percentage error =
100 =
True Value
5
( )
3
16 3 100
16 100
=
=
= 16 4 = 64%
15 5
55
(
100
19. 270 students appeared for an examination, of which 252 passed. What is the pass percentage?
1
%
3
2
C. 92
%
3
A.
93
2
%
3
B.
93
D.
92%

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Pass percentage =
252
2520 280
1
100 =
=
= 93 %
270
27
3
3
20. John's salary was decreased by 50% and subsequently increased by 50%. How much percent does he
loss?
A. 35%
B. 25%
C. 32%
D. 28%

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let John's initial salary = Rs.100
Then, after decreasing 50%, john's salary = 100

After the increase by 50%, john's salary = 50
(100 50)
50
= 100
= Rs.50
100
100
(100 + 50)
150
= 50
= Rs.75
100
100
Actual loss = Rs.100 - Rs.75 = Rs.25
Loss percentage =
25
100 = 25%
100
21. How many litres of pure acid are there in 8 litres of a 20% solution?
A. 2 litres
B. 1.4 litres
C. 1 litres
D. 1.6 litres

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Quantity of pure acid = 8
20
= 1.6
100
22. The price of a car is Rs. 3,25,000. It was insured to 85% of its price. The car was damaged completely
in an accident and the insurance company paid 90% of the insurance. What was the difference between
the price of the car and the amount received ?
A. Rs. 76,375
B. Rs. 34,000
C. Rs. 82,150
D. Rs. 70,000

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Price of the car = Rs.3,25,000
Car insured to 85% of its price
=> Insured price = 325000
85
100
Insurance company paid 90% of the insurance
Amount paid by Insurance company = Insured price

= 325000
85
90
= 325 85 9 = Rs.248625
100 100
90
100
Difference between the price of the car and the amount received
= Rs.325000 - Rs.248625 = Rs.76375
23. If number x is 10% less than another number y and y is 10% more than 125, then find out the value of
x.
A. 123
B. 122
C. 122.25
D. 123.75

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
y is 10% more than 125
y = 125
(100 + 10)
110
= 125
100
100
x is 10% less than another number y
x = y
=
(100 10)
90
110
90
= y
= 125
100
100
100 100
125 110 90
125 11 9
1375 9
1375 9
=
=
=
= 123.75
100 100
100
100
100
24. A housewife saved Rs. 2.50 in buying an item on sale. If she spent Rs. 25 for the item, approximately
how much percent she saved in the transaction ?
A. 9%
B. 10%
C. 7%
D. 6%

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Actual Price = Rs.25 + Rs.2.50 = Rs.27.5
Saving = Rs.2.5
Percentage Saving =
=
2.5
250 2500
100 =
=
27.5
27.5
275
100
1
=9
% 9%
11
11
25. A pipe X is 30 meters and 45% longer than another pipe Y. find the length of the pipe Y.
A. 20.12
B. 20.68
C. 20
D. 20.5

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Length of pipe X = 30 meter
Given that pipe X is 45% longer than Y
Let the length of pipe Y = y
(100 + 45)
100
145
30 100
6 100
600
30 = y
=> y =
=
=
= 20.68
100
145
29
29
Then, Length of pipe X = y
26. On my sister's 15th birthday, she was 159 cm in height, having grown 6% since the year before. How
tall was she the previous year?
A. 150 cm
B. 140 cm
C. 142 cm
D. 154 cm

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Given that height on 15th birthday = 159 cm and growth = 6%
Let the previous year height = x
Then height on 15th birthday = x
(100 + 6)
106
= x
100
100
106
100
159 100
x=
= 1.5 100 = 150 cm
106
159 = x
27. Q as a percentage of P is equal to P as a percentage of (P + Q). Find Q as a percentage of P.

A. 62%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 66%

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Q
P
=
......(Equation 1)
P
P +Q
Since Q can be written as a certain percentage of P, we can assume that Q = KP
KP
P
Hence equation 1 becomes
=
P
P + KP
1
K=
1+K
K(K + 1) = 1 ......(Equation 2)
Q
KP
Q as a percentage of P =
100 =
100 = 100K %. . . . . . (Equation3)
P
P
From here we have two approaches.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Approach 1 - trial and error method
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Here we use the values given in the choices to find out the answer
Take 50% from the given choice
50
1
if 50% is the answer, 100K = 50 as per equation 3 K =
=
100 2
1
But if we substitute K as in equation 2,
2
1 1
1 3 3
( + 1) = = 1
K(K + 1) =
2 2
2 2 4
Given that
Now Take another choice, say 62%

if 62% is the answer, 100K = 62 as per equation 3 K =
62
100
62
in equation 2,
100
62
62
62 162 10044
(
K(K + 1) =
+ 1) =
=
1
100 100
100 100 10000
Hence 62% is the answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Approach 2 - solving in the traditional way
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Now let's solve the quadratic equation, equation 2
K(K + 1) = 1
K 2 +K1 = 0
1
1
[4
(1)]
b b 4ac
1 5
K=
=
=
2a
21
2
1 2.24
1.24
3.24
=
=
or
(avoiding -ve answer as here the answer should be positive)
2
2
2
= 0.62
From Equation 3, Q as a percentage of P = 100K % = 100 .62 = 62%
But if we substitute K as
28. If the price of petrol increases by 25% and Benson intends to spend only an additional 15% on petrol,
by how much % will he reduce the quantity of petrol purchased?
A. 8%
B. 7%
C. 10%
D. 6%

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Assume that the initial price of 1 Litre petrol = Rs.100 ,Benson
spends Rs.100 for petrol,
such that Benson buys 1 litre of petrol
After the increase by 25%, price of 1 Litre petrol = 100
(100 + 25)
= Rs.125
100
Since Benson spends additional 15% on petrol,

(100 + 15)
amount spent by Benson = 100
= Rs.115
100
Hence Quantity of petrol that he can purchase =

Quantity of petrol reduced = (1
115
) Litre
125
(1
Percentage Quantity of reduction =

=
10
10
100 =
4 = 2 4 = 8%
125
5
115
)
125
1
115
Litre
125
100
29. Arun got 30% of the maximum marks in an examination and failed by 10 marks. However, Sujith who
took the same examination got 40% of the total marks and got 15 marks more than the passing marks.
What were the passing marks in the examination?
A. 90
B. 250
C. 75
D. 85

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let x is the maximum marks of the examination
Marks that Arun got = 30 % of x =
30x
100
Given that Arun failed by 10 marks

30x
Minimum Pass Mark =
+ 10......(Equation 1)
100
40x
100
Given that Sujith got 15 marks more than the passing marks
40x
= Minimum Pass Mark + 15

100
40x
Minimum Pass Mark =
15......(Equation 2)
100
Marks that Sujith got = 40 % of x =
From equations 1 and 2, we have

30x
40x
+ 10 =
15
100
100
10x
= 10 + 15 = 25
100
x
= 25
10
x = 10 25 = 250
Maximum marks of the examination = x = 250
Substituting the value of x in Equation 1, we have
30x
30 250
Minimum Pass Mark =
+ 10 =
+ 10 = 75 + 10 = 85
100
100
30. 30% of the men are more than 25 years old and 80% of the men are less than or equal to 50 years
old. 20% of all men play football. If 20% of the men above the age of 50 play football, what percentage of
the football players are less than or equal to 50 years?
A. 60%
B. 70%
C. 80%
D. 90%

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let total number of men = 100
Then
80 men are less than or equal to 50 years old
(Since 80% of the men are less than or equal to 50 years old)
=> 20 men are above 50 years old (Since we assumed total
number of men as 100)
20% of the men above the age of 50 play football

Number of men above the age of 50 who play football = 20
20
=4
100
Number of men who play football = 20 (Since 20% of all men play football)
4
100 = 20%
20
=>Percentage of men who play football less than or equal to the age 50 = 100% 20% = 80%
Percentage of men who play football above the age of 50 =
I mportan t Formu las - P ipes an d Cistern

1. Inlet of a tank or a cistern or reservoir
Inlet is a pipe connected with a tank or cistern or reservoir. It is used to fill the tank.
2. Outlet of a tank or a cistern or reservoir
Outlet is a pipe connected with a tank or cistern or reservoir. It is used to empty the tank.
1
x
3.
If a pipe can fill a tank in x hours, part filled in 1 hour =
4.
If a pipe can empty the tank in y hours, part emptied in 1 hour =
1
y
Let a pipe can fill a tank in x hours and another pipe can empty the full tank in y hours. We can
examine two cases here.
Case 1: x < y
In this case, the net part filled in 1 hour =
1 1
x y
Case 2: y < x
In this case, the net part emptied in 1 hour =
5.
1 1
y x
1. Pipes A and B can fill a tank in 5 and 6 hours respectively. Pipe C can empty it in 12 hours. If all the
three pipes are opened together, then the tank will be filled in:
9
hours
17
8
C. 2
hours
11
A.
13
hours
17
1
D. 4
hours
2
B.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Pipes A and B can fill a tank in 5 and 6 hours respectively
=>Part filled by pipe A in hour = 15
and Part filled by pipe B in hour = 16
Pipe C can empty it in 12 hours
=> Part emptied by pipe C in 1 hour = 112
Net part filled by Pipes A,B and C together in 1 hour =

i.e, the pipe can be filled in
60
9
=3
hours
17
17
1 1
1
17
+
=
5 6 12 60
2. Two pipes A and B can fill a cistern in 3712 minutes and 45 minutes respectively. Both pipes are
opened. The cistern will be filled in just half an hour, if pipe B is turned off after:
A. 5 min
B. 9 min
C. 10 min
D. 15 min

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Pipe A can fill a tank in 3712 minutes = 752 minutes
=>Part filled by pipe A in 1 minute = 275
Pipe B can fill a tank in 45 minutes
=> Part filled by pipe B in 1 minute = 145
=> Part filled by Pipe A and B in 1 minute = =
2
1
6+5
11
+
=
=
75 45
225
225
Assume that B is turned off after x minutes. i.e., for x minutes,

both pipe A and B were open.
Part filled in x minutes by Pipe A and B = x
11
11x
=
225 225
Now, the cistern must be filled in (30-x) minutes by pipe A

alone
Part filled in (30-x) minutes by pipe A = (30 x)
2(30 x)
2
=
75
75
11x 2(30 x)
+
=1
225
75
11x 2(30 x)
+
=1
225
75
11x + 6(30 x) = 225
11x + 180 6x = 225
5x = 45
x=9
3. A pump can fill a tank with water in 2 hours. Because of a leak, it took 223 hours to fill the tank. The
leak can drain all the water of the tank in:
A. 6 hours
B. 8 hours
C. 9 hours
D. 10 hours

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let the leak can drain all the water of the tank in y hours
Part of the tank filled by the pipe in 1 hr = 1/2
Part of the tank emptied by the leak in 1 hr = 1/y
1 1 3
=
2 y 8
1 1 3 1
= =
y 2 8 8
y= 8
i.e., the leak can drain all the water of the tank in 8 hours
4. Three pipes A, B and C can fill a tank from empty to full in 30 minutes, 20 minutes, and 10 minutes
respectively. When the tank is empty, all the three pipes are opened. A, B and C discharge chemical
solutions P,Q and R respectively. What is the proportion of the solution R in the liquid in the tank after 3
minutes?
6
11
7
C.
11
5
11
8
D.
11
A.
B.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Part of the tank filled by pipe A in 1 minute = 130
Part of the tank filled by pipe B in 1 minute = 120
Part of the tank filled by pipe C in 1 minute = 110
Here we have to find the proportion of the solution R.
Pipe C discharges chemical solution R
Part of the tank filled by pipe C in 3 minutes = 3
1
3
=
10 10
1
1
1
11
+
+
=
30 20 10 60
11 11
Part of the tank filled by pipe A,B and C together in 3 minute = 3
=
60 20
Part of the tank filled by pipe A,B and C together in 1 minute =
(
Required proportion =
(
3
)
10
11
)
20
(3 20)
(10 11)
6
11
5. A tank is filled by three pipes with uniform flow. The first two pipes operating simultaneously fill the tank
in the same time during which the tank is filled by the third pipe alone. The second pipe fills the tank 5
hours faster than the first pipe and 4 hours slower than the third pipe. The time required by the first pipe
is:
A. 30 hours
B. 15 hours
C. 10 hours
D. 6 hours

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let the first pipe alone can fill the tank in x hours
Then the second pipe can fill the tank in (x-5) hours
and the third pipe can fill the tank in (x-5)-4 = (x-9) hours
part filled by first pipe and second pipe together in 1 hr = part
filled by third pipe in 1 hr
1
1
1
+
=
x x5
x9
(From here, better to find the value of x from the choices
which will be easier. Or we can solve it as given below)
(x 5)(x 9) + x(x 9) = x(x 5)

x 2 14x + 45 + x 2 9x = x 2 5x
14x + 45 + x 2 9x = 5x
x 2 18x + 45 = 0
(x 15)(x 3) = 0
x = 15 or 3
We can not take the value of x = 3 because, (x-9) becomes
negative which is not possible

because the third pipe can fill the tank in (x-9) hours
Hence, x = 15
6. Two pipes A and B together can fill a cistern in 4 hours. Had they been opened separately, then B
would have taken 6 hours more than A to fill the cistern. How much time will be taken by A to fill the
cistern separately?
A. 6 hours
B. 2 hours
C. 4 hours
D. 3 hours

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let pipe A alone can fill the tank in x hours
Then pipe B can fill the tank in (x+6) hours
Part filled by pipe A in 1 hr =

Part filled by pipe B in 1 hr =
1
x
1
x+6
Part filled by pipe A and pipe B in 1 hr =
1
1
+
x x+6
It is given that pipes A and B together can fill the cistern in 4

hours.
i.e., Part filled by pipes A and B in 1 hr = 1/4
1
1
1
+
=
x x+6
4
(From here, better to find the value of x from the choices
which will be easier. Or we can solve it as given below)
4(x + 6) + 4x = x(x + 6)
4x + 24 + 4x = x 2 + 6x
x 2 2x 24 = 0
(x 6)(x + 4) = 0
x = 6 or -4
Since x can not be negative, x = 6

i.e.,pipe A alone can fill the tank in 6 hours
7. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 12 and 24 minutes respectively. If both the pipes are used
together, then how long will it take to fill the tank?
A. 9 min
B. 8 min
C. 6 min
D. 4 min

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
1
12
1
Part filled by pipe B in 1 minute=
24
Part filled by pipe A in 1 minute=
Part filled by pipe A and pipe B in 1 minute=
1
1
1
+
=
12 24 8
i.e., both the pipe together can fill the tank in 8 minutes
8. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 15 minutes and 40 minutes respectively. Both the pipes are opened
together but after 4 minutes, pipe A is turned off. What is the total time required to fill the tank?
A. 10 min 10 sec
B. 25 min 20 sec
C. 14 min 40 sec
D. 20 min 10 sec

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
1
15
1
Part filled by pipe B in 1 minute=
40
Part filled by pipe A in 1 minute=
Part filled by pipe A and pipe B in 1 minute=
1
1
11
+
=
15 40 120
pipe A and pipe B were open for 4 minutes.
Part filled by pipe A and pipe B in these 4 minutes = 4

Remaining part to be filled = 1
11 19
=
30 30
11
11
=
120 30
19
)
30
Time taken by pipe B to fill this remaining part =
1
( )
40
19 40
19 4
76
1
=
=
=
= 25 minutes = 25 minutes 20 seconds
30
3
3
3
(
9. Two pipes can fill a tank in 25 and 30 minutes respectively and a waste pipe can empty 3 gallons per
minute. All the three pipes working together can fill the tank in 15 minutes. The capacity of the tank is:
A. 250 gallons
B. 450 gallons
C. 120 gallons
D. 150 gallons

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Part filled by first pipe in 1 minute=
1
25
Part filled by second pipe in 1 minute=
1
30
Let the waste pipe can empty the full tank in x minutes
Then, part emptied by waste pipe in 1 minute=
1
x
All the three pipes can fill the tank in 15 minutes
i.e., part filled by all the three pipes in 1 minute=

1
1
+
25 30
1
1
=
+
x 25
x = 150
1
15
1
1
=
x 15
1
1
6 + 5 10
1
=
=
30 15
150
150
i.e, the waste pipe can empty the full tank in 150 minutes
Given that waste pipe can empty 3 gallons per minute
ie, in 150 minutes, it can empty 150 3 = 450 gallons

Hence, the volume of the tank = 450 gallons
10. A tank is filled in 10 hours by three pipes A, B and C. The pipe C is twice as fast as B and B is twice as
fast as A. How much time will pipe A alone take to fill the tank?
A. 70 hours
B. 30 hours
C. 35 hours
D. 50 hours

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the pipe A can fill the tank in x hours
Then pipe B can fill the tank in
x
x
hours and pipe C can fill the tank in
hours
2
4
1
x
2
Part filled by pipe B in 1 hour =
x
4
Part filled by pipe C in 1 hour =
x
Part filled by pipe A in 1 hour =
Part filled by pipe A, pipe B and pipe C in 1 hour =

i.e., pipe A, pipe B and pipe C can fill the tank in
1 2 4 7
+ + =
x x x x
x
hours
7
Given that pipe A, pipe B and pipe C can fill the tank in 10 hours
x
= 10
7
x = 10 7 = 70 hours
=>
11. One pipe can fill a tank four times as fast as another pipe. If together the two pipes can fill the tank in
36 minutes, then the slower pipe alone will be able to fill the tank in:
A. 180 min
B. 144 min.
C. 126 min
D. 114 min

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the slower pipe alone can fill the tank in x minutes
x
Then the faster pipe can fill the tank in
minutes
4
1
Part filled by the slower pipe in 1 minute =
x
4
Part filled by the faster pipe in 1 minute =
x
1 4
Part filled by both the pipes in 1 minute =
+
x x
It is given that both the pipes together can fill the tank in 36 minutes
1
36
1 4
1
+ =
x x 36
5
1
=
x 36
x = 5 36 = 180
i.e.,the slower pipe alone fill the tank in 180 minutes
12. A tap can fill a tank in 4 hours. After half the tank is filled, three more similar taps are opened. What is
the total time taken to fill the tank completely?
A. 3 hr
B. 1 hr 30 min
C. 2 hr 30 min
D. 2 hr

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
A tap can fill a tank in 4 hours
=> The tap can fill half the tank in 2 hours
Remaining part =
1
2
After half the tank is filled, three more similar taps are opened.
Hence, total number of taps becomes 4.
Part filled by one tap in 1 hour =
1
4
1
=1
4
i.e., 4 taps can fill remaining half in 30 minutes
Part filled by four taps in 1 hour = 4
Total time taken = 2 hour + 30 minute = 2 hour 30 minutes
13. A tap can fill a tank in 4 hours. After half the tank is filled, two more similar taps are opened. What is
the total time taken to fill the tank completely?
A. 1 hr 20 min
B. 4 hr
C. 3 hr
D. 2 hr 40 min

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
A tap can fill a tank in 4 hours
=> The tap can fill half the tank in 2 hours
Remaining part =
1
2
After half the tank is filled, two more similar taps are opened.
Hence, total number of pipes becomes 3.
Part filled by one tap in 1 hour =
1
4
1 3
=
4 4
1
( )
2
1
Time taken to fill the tank by 3 pipes =
2
3
( )
4
Part filled by three taps in 1 hour = 3
4
2
==
hour = 40 minutes
6
3
Total time taken = 2 hour + 40 minute = 2 hour 40 minutes
14. Three pipes A, B and C can fill a tank in 6 hours. After working at it together for 2 hours, C is closed
and A and B can fill the remaining part in 7 hours. The number of hours taken by C alone to fill the tank is:
A. 10
B. 12
C. 14
D. 16

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
A, B and C can fill a tank in 6 hours.
Part filled by pipes A,B and C in 1 hr =
1
6
All these pipes are open for only 2 hours and then C is closed.
Part filled by pipes A,B and C in these 2 hours =

Remaining part = 1
1 2
=
3 3
2 1
=
6 3
2
is filled by pipes A and B in 7 hours
3
2
( )
3
2
Part filled by pipes A and B in 1 hr =
7
21
This remaining part of
1
2
74
3
1
)=
=
=
6 21
42
42 14
i.e., C alone can fill the tank in 14 hours
Part filled by pipe C in 1 hr = (
15. A large tanker can be filled by two pipes A and B in 60 minutes and 40 minutes respectively. How many
minutes will it take to fill the tanker from empty state if B is used for half the time and A and B fill it
together for the other half?
A. 15 min
B. 20 min
C. 27.5 min
D. 30 min

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
1
60
1
Part filled by pipe B in 1 minute =
40
Part filled by pipe A in 1 minute =
Part filled by both pipes A and pipe B in 1 minute =
1
1
2+3
5
1
+
=
=
=
60 40
120
120 24
Suppose the tank is filled in x minutes

Then, To fill the tanker from empty state, B is used for x/2
minutes and
A and B is used for the rest x/2 minutes
x
1
x
1
+
=1
2 40 2 24
x 1
1
[
]=1
+
2 40 24
x
8
=1
2 120
x
1
=1
2 15
x = 15 2 = 30 minutes
16. Three taps A, B and C can fill a tank in 12, 15 and 20 hours respectively. If A is open all the time and
B and C are open for one hour each alternately, the tank will be full in:
2
hours
3
1
C. 7
hours
2
A.

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
1
12
1
15
1
20
In first hour, A and B is open

In second hour, A and C is open
then this pattern goes on till the tank fills
B. 6 hours
D. 7 hours
1
1
9
3
+
=
=
12 15 60 20
1
1
8
2
Part filled by pipe A and pipe C in 1 hour =
+
=
=
12 20 60 15
3
2
17
Part filled in 2 hour =
+
=
20 15 60
17
17
Part filled in 6 hour =
3 =
60
20
17
3
)=
Remaining part = (1
20
20
Part filled by pipe A and pipe B in 1 hour =
3
part needed to be filled. At this 7th hour, A and B is open
20
3
( )
20
3
Time taken by pipe A and B to fill this
part =
= 1 hour
20
3
( )
20
Now, 6 hours are over and only
Total time taken = 6 hour + 1 hour = 7 hour
17. A leak in the bottom of a tank can empty the full tank in 6 hours. An inlet pipe fills water at the rate of
4 liters a minute. When the tank is full, the inlet is opened and due to the leak, the tank is empty in 24
hours. How many liters does the cistern hold?
A. 4010 litre
B. 2220 litre
C. 1920 litre
D. 2020 litre

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Part emptied by the leak in 1 hour =
1
6
Net part emptied by the leak and the inlet pipe in 1 hour =
Part filled by the inlet pipe in 1 hour =
1
1
1
=
6 24 8
1
24
i.e., inlet pipe fills the tank in 8 hours = (8 60) minutes = 480
minutes
Given that the inlet pipe fills water at the rate of 4 liters a
minute
Hence, water filled in 480 minutes = 480 4 = 1920 litre
i.e., The cistern can hold 1920 litre
18. A cistern can be filled by a tap in 3 hours while it can be emptied by another tap in 8 hours. If both
the taps are opened simultaneously, then after how much time will the cistern get filled?
A. 4.8 hr
B. 2.4 hr
C. 3.6 hr
D. 1.8 hr

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Part filled by the first tap in 1 hour =
1
3
Part emptied by the second tap 1 hour =
1
8
Net part filled by both these taps in 1 hour =

i.e, the cistern gets filled in
1 1
5
=
3 8 24
24
hours = 4.8 hours
5
19. Two taps A and B can fill a tank in 5 hours and 20 hours respectively. If both the taps are open then
due to a leakage, it took 40 minutes more to fill the tank. If the tank is full, how long will it take for the
leakage alone to empty the tank?
A. 28 hr
B. 16 hr
C. 22 hr
D. 32 hr

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
1
5
1
20
Part filled by pipe A and B in 1 hour =
1
1
1
+
=
5 20 4
i.e., A and B together can fill the tank in 4 hours

Given that due to the leakage, it took 40 minutes more to fill
the tank.
40
2
14
hour = 4 hour =
hour
60
3
3
3
Net part filled by pipe A and B and the leak in 1 hour =
14
1
3
1
Part emptied by the leak in 1 hour =
=
4 14 28
i.e., due to the leakage, the tank got filled in 4
i.e., the leak can empty the tank in 28 hours
20. Bucket P has thrice the capacity as bucket Q. It takes 80 turns for bucket P to fill the empty drum.
How many turns it will take for both the buckets P and Q, having each turn together to fill the empty
drum?
A. 30
B. 45
C. 60
D. 80

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let capacity of bucket P = x
Then capacity of bucket Q =
x
3
Given that it takes 80 turns for bucket P to fill the empty drum
=> capacity of the drum = 80x
Number of turns required if both P and Q are used =
80x
x
x+
3
240x
240
=
= 60
3x + x
4
21. A booster pump can be used for filling as well as for emptying a tank. The capacity of the tank is 2400
m3. The emptying of the tank is 10 m3 per minute higher than its filling capacity and the pump needs 8
minutes lesser to empty the tank than it needs to fill it. What is the filling capacity of the pump?
A. 20 m3 / min.
B. 40 m3 / min.
C. 50 m3 / min.
D. 60 m3 / min.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let the filling capacity of the pump = x m3 / min.

Then the emptying capacity of the pump = (x + 10) m3 / min.
2400
minutes
x
2400
Time required for emptying the tank =
minutes
x + 10
Time required for filling the tank =
Pump needs 8 minutes lesser to empty the tank than it needs

to fill it
2400
2400
=8
x
x + 10
300
300
=1
x
x + 10
300(x + 10) 300x = x(x + 10)
3000 = x 2 + 10x
x 2 + 10x 3000 = 0
(x + 60)(x 50) = 0
x = 50 or -60
Since x can not be negative, x=50

i.e.,filling capacity of the pump = 50 m3 / min.
22. Two pipes A and B can separately fill a cistern in 40 minutes and 30 minutes respectively. There is a
third pipe in the bottom of the cistern to empty it. If all the three pipes are simultaneously opened, then
the cistern is full in 20 minutes. In how much time, the third pipe alone can empty the cistern?
A. 120 min
B. 100 min
C. 140 min
D. 80 min

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
1
40
1
30
Net part filled by pipe A, pipe B and the third pipe in 1 hour =
1
20
Part emptied by the third pipe in 1 hour =
1
1
1
3+46
1
+
=
=
40 30 20
120
120
i.e., third pipe alone can empty the cistern in 120 minutes
23. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 9 hours and 3 hours respectively. If they are opened on alternate
hours and if pipe A is opened first, how many hours, the tank shall be full?
A. 4 hr
B. 5 hr
C. 2 hr
D. 6 hr

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
1
9
1
3
Pipe A and B are opened alternatively.
1 1 1+3
4
+ =
=
9 3
9
9
4 8
Part filled in 4 hour = 2 =
9 9
8 1
remaining part = 1 =
9 9
Part filled in every 2 hour =
Now it is pipe A's turn.
1
( )
9
1
Time taken by pipe A to fill the remaining
part =
9
1
( )
9
= 1 hour
Total time taken = 4 hour + 1 hour = 5 hour
24. 13 buckets of water fill a tank when the capacity of each bucket is 51 litres. How many buckets will
be needed to fill the same tank, if the capacity of each bucket is 17 litres?
A. 33
B. 29
C. 39
D. 42

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
--------------------------------------------solution 1
-------------------------------------------Capacity of the tank = (13 51) litre
Number of buckets required of capacity of each bucket is 17 litre =
13 51
= 13 3 = 39
17
--------------------------------------------solution 2 (using principles of chain rule)

-------------------------------------------Let x be the number of buckets needed if the capacity of each
bucket is 17 litres
More capacity, less buckets (Indirect proportion)
Capacity 51 : 17 :: x : 13
=> 51 13 = 17 x
=> 3 13 = x
=> x = 39
25. Pipe A can fill a tank in 8 hours, pipe B in 4 hours and pipe C in 24 hours. If all the pipes are open, in
how many hours will the tank be filled?
A. 2.4 hr
B. 3 hr
C. 4 hr
D. 4.2 hr

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
1
8
1
4
1
24
Part filled by pipe A, pipe B and pipe C in 1 hour =
1 1
1
10
+ +
=
8 4 24 24
i.e, pipe A, pipe B and pipe C together can fill the tank in
24
hours = 2.4 hours
10
26. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank is 8 minutes and 14 minutes respectively. If both the taps are
opened simultaneously, and the tap A is closed after 3 minutes, then how much more time will it take to fill
the tank by tap B?
A. 6 min 15 sec
B. 5 min 45 sec
C. 5 min 15 sec
D. 6 min 30 sec

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
1
8
1
14
Part filled by pipe A and pipe B in 1 minute =
1
1
11
+
=
8 14 56
Pipe A and pipe B were open for 3 minutes
11 33
=
56 56
Part filled by pipe A and pipe B in 3 minutes = 3

Remaining part = 1
33 23
=
56 56
23
)
56
Time taken by pipe B to fill this remaining part =
1
( )
14
23 14
23
3
=
=
minutes = 5 minutes = 5 minutes 45 seconds
56
4
4
(
27. A water tank is two-fifth full. Pipe A can fill a tank in 12 minutes and pipe B can empty it in 6 minutes.
If both the pipes are open, how long will it take to empty or fill the tank completely?
A. 2.8 min
B. 4.2 min
C. 4.8 min
D. 5.6 min

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Since pipe B is faster than pipe A, the tank will be emptied.
1
12
Part emptied by pipe B in 1 minute =
1
6
Net part emptied by pipe A and pipe B in 1 minute =

2
( )
5
2
Time taken to empty
of the tank =
5
1
( )
12
1
1
1
=
6 12 12
2 12
= 4.8 min
5
28. Pipes A and B can fill a tank in 8 and 24 hours respectively. Pipe C can empty it in 12 hours. If all the
three pipes are opened together, then the tank will be filled in:
A. 18 hr
B. 6 hr
C. 24 hr
D. 12 hr

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
1
8
1
24
Part emptied by pipe C in 1 minute =
1
12
Net part filled by pipe A, pipe B and pipe C in 1 minute =

i.e, the tank will be filled in 12minutes
1
1
1
2
1
+
=
=
8 24 12 24 12
29. One pipe can fill a tank 6 times as fast as another pipe. If together the two pipes can fill the tank in
22 minutes, then the slower pipe alone will be able to fill the tank in:
A. 164 min
B. 154 min
C. 134 min
D. 144 min

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let the slower pipe alone can fill the tank in x minutes
x
Then the faster pipe can fill the tank in
minutes
6
1
Part filled by the slower pipe in 1 minute =
x
6
Part filled by the faster pipe in 1 minute =
x
1 6
+
x x
It is given that both the pipes together can fill the tank in 22 minutes
1
22
1 6
1
+ =
x x 22
7
1
=
x 22
x = 22 7 = 154
i.e.,the slower pipe alone fill the tank in 154 minutes
30. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 2 and 6 minutes respectively. If both the pipes are used together,
then how long will it take to fill the tank?
A. 3 min
B. 2.5 min
C. 2 min
D. 1.5 min

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Part filled by the first pipe in 1 minute =
1
2
Part filled by the second pipe in 1 minute =
1
6
Net part filled by pipe A and pipe B in 1 minute =
1 1 2
+ =
2 6 3
i.e, pipe A and B together can fill the tank in 3/2 minutes = 1.5
minutes
1. A bag contains 2 yellow, 3 green and 2 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random. What is the probability that none of the balls drawn is blue?
1
2
9
C.
11
10
21
7
D.
11
A.
B.

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Total number of balls = 2 + 3 + 2 = 7
Let S be the sample space.
n(S) = Total number of ways of drawing 2 balls out of 7 = 7C2
Let E = Event of drawing 2 balls , none of them is blue.
n(E) = Number of ways of drawing 2 balls , none of them is blue
= Number of ways of drawing 2 balls from the total 5 (=7-2)
balls = 5C2
( There are two blue balls in the total 7 balls. Total number of
non-blue balls = 7 - 2 = 5)
54
(
)
n(E)
5C 2
21
P(E) =
=
=
7C 2
n(S)
76
(
)
21
54
10
=
76
21
2. A die is rolled twice. What is the probability of getting a sum equal to 9?
2
3
1
C.
3
2
9
1
D.
9
A.
B.

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Total number of outcomes possible when a die is rolled = 6 (
any one face out of the 6 faces)
Hence, total number of outcomes possible when a die is rolled
twice, n(S) = 6 6 = 36
E = Getting a sum of 9 when the two dice fall = {(3, 6), {4, 5},
{5, 4}, (6, 3)}
Hence, n(E) = 4
P(E) =
n(E)
4
1
=
=
36 9
n(S)
3. Three coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting at most two tails?
7
8
1
C.
2
A.
1
8
1
D.
7
B.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total number of outcomes possible when a coin is tossed = 2 (
Head or Tail)
Hence, total number of outcomes possible when 3 coins are
tossed, n(S) = 2 2 2 = 8
( i.e., S = {TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, THH, HTH, HHT, HHH})

E = event of getting at most two Tails = {TTH, THT, HTT, THH,
HTH, HHT, HHH}
Hence, n(E) = 7
P(E) =
n(E)
7
=
8
n(S)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2-------------------------------------------------------------------------
If n fair coins are tossed,

n
Total number of outcomes in the sample space = 2
The probability of getting exactly r-number of heads when

n coins are tossed =
n Cr
2n
The same formula can be used for Tails as well.

Here n = 3
P(At most two tails)
= P(0 Tail in 3 trials) + P(1 Tail in 3 trials) + P(2 Tail in 3 trials)
3C0
3C 1
3C 2
3
(3C 0 + 3C 1 + 3C2 )
23
(1 + 3 + 3)
23
7
8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 3 (Using Binom ial Probability distribution)-------------------------------
In a binomial experiment, The probability of achieving exactly r

successes in n trials can be given by
P (r successes in n trials) =
n
( ) pr q nr
r
where p = probability of success in one trial

q = 1 - p = probability of failure in one trial
n
( )
r
= nCr=
n!
(r!)(n r)!
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
r!
(Read More ...)
Here, n = 3
p = probability of getting a Tail = 1/2
q = probability of getting a Head = 1/2
P(At most two tails)
= P(0 Tail in 3 trials) + P(1 Tail in 3 trials) + P(2 Tail in 3 trials)
3 1
= ( )( )
0 2
1
( )
2
30
3 1
= ( )( )
0 2
3 1
+ ( )( )
1 2
3 1
+ ( )( )
1 2
3
1
( )
2
3 1
+ ( )( )
2 2
31
3 1
+ ( )( )
2 2
1
( )
2
32
3
3
3 1
= [( ) + ( ) + ( )] ( )
0
1
2 2
= 7(
1
7
)=
8
23
4. When tossing two coins once, what is the probability of heads on both the coins?
1
4
3
C.
4
A.
B.
1
2
D. None of these

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solution 1
Head or Tail)
Hence, total number of outcomes possible when two coins are
tossed, n(S) = 2 2 = 4
( Here, S = {HH, HT, TH, TT})
E = event of getting heads on both the coins = {HH}
Hence, n(E) = 1
P(E) =
n(E)
1
=
4
n(S)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2-------------------------------------------------------------------------

n

n Cr
2n
Here n = 2, r = 2
P(Exactly two Heads) =
2C2
22
1
4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 3 (Using Binom ial Probability distribution)-------------------------------

n
( ) pr q nr
r

n
( )
r
= nCr=
n!
(r!)(n r)!
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
r!
(Read More ...)
Here, n = 2
p = probability of getting a Head = 1/2
q = probability of getting a Tail = 1/2
2 1
P(2 Heads in 2 Trials) = ( ) ( )
2 2
1
( )
2
22
1
4
5. What is the probability of getting a number less than 4 when a die is rolled?
1
2
1
C.
3
A.
1
6
1
D.
4
B.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
i.e., n(S) = 6
E = Getting a number less than 4 = {1, 2, 3}
Hence, n(E) = 3
n(E)
3 1
= =
6 2
n(S)
P(E) =
6. A bag contains 4 black, 5 yellow and 6 green balls. Three balls are drawn at random from the bag. What is the probability that all of them are yellow?
2
91
1
C.
8
1
81
2
D.
81
A.
B.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let E = Event of drawing 3 balls, all of them are yellow.
n(E) = Number of ways of drawing 3 balls, all of them are yellow
= Number of ways of drawing 3 balls from the total 5 = 5C3
( there are 5 yellow balls in the total balls)
n(E)
n(S)
P(E) =
5C 3
5C 2
=
15C 3
15C 3
[ nCr = nC(n - r). So 5C3 = 5C2. Applying
this for the ease of calculation]
54
)
21
=
15 14 13
(
)
321
(
54
15 14 13
(
)
3
54
4
2
2
=
=
=
5 14 13
14 13
7 13
91
7. One card is randomly drawn from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability that the card drawn is a face card(Jack, Queen or King)
1
13
3
C.
13
2
13
4
D.
13
A.
B.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Total number of cards, n(S) = 52
Total number of face cards, n(E) = 12
P(E) =
n(E)
12
3
=
=
52 13
n(S)
8. A dice is thrown. What is the probability that the number shown in the dice is divisible by 3?
1
6
1
C.
4
A.
1
3
1
D.
2
B.

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Total number of outcomes possible when a die is rolled, n(S) =
6 ( 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6)
E = Event that the number shown in the dice is divisible by 3 =
{3, 6}
Hence, n(E) = 2
P(E) =
n(E)
2 1
= =
6 3
n(S)
9. John draws a card from a pack of cards. What is the probability that the card drawn is a card of black suit?
1
2
1
C.
3
1
4
1
D.
13
A.
B.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Total number of black cards, n(E) = 26
P(E) =
n(E)
26 1
=
=
52 2
n(S)
10. There are 15 boys and 10 girls in a class. If three students are selected at random, what is the probability that 1 girl and 2 boys are selected?
1
40
21
C.
46
1
2
7
D.
42
A.
B.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
n(S) = Total number of ways of selecting 3 students from 25
students = 25C3
Let E = Event of selecting 1 girl and 2 boys
n(E) = Number of ways of selecting 1 girl and 2 boys
15 boys and 10 girls are there in a class.
We need to select 2 boys from 15 boys and 1 girl from 10 girls
Number of ways in which this can be done = 15C2 10C1
Hence n(E) = 15C2 10C1
P(E) =
n(E)
n(S)
15C 2 10C1
25C 3
15 14
) 10
21
=
25 24 23
(
)
321
(
15 14 10
25 24 23
(
)
3
15 14 10
3 14 10
=
25 8 23
5 8 23
3 14 2
3 14
37
21
=
=
=
8 23
4 23
2 23
46
11. What is the probability of selecting a prime number from 1,2,3,... 10 ?
2
5
3
C.
5
A.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Total count of numbers, n(S) = 10
1
5
1
D.
7
B.
Prime numbers in the given range are 2,3,5 and 7

Hence, total count of prime numbers in the given range, n(E) =
4
P(E) =
n(E)
4
2
=
=
10 5
n(S)
12. 3 balls are drawn randomly from a bag contains 3 black, 5 red and 4 blue balls. What is the probability that the balls drawn contain balls of different colors?
1
3
2
D.
11
3
11
1
C.
2
B.
A.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let E = Event of drawing 3 different coloured balls
To get 3 different coloured balls,we need to select one black
ball from 3 black balls,
one red ball from 5 red balls, one blue ball from 4 blue balls
Number of ways in which this can be done = 3C1 5C1 4C1
i.e., n(E) = 3C1 5C1 4C1
P(E) =
n(E)
n(S)
3C 1 5C 1 4C1
12C 3
354
12 11 10
(
)
321
354
2 11 10
34
3
=
2 11 2
11
13. 5 coins are tossed together. What is the probability of getting exactly 2 heads?
5
16
7
D.
16
1
2
4
C.
11
B.
A.

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
Head or Tail)
Hence, total number of outcomes possible when 5 coins are
tossed, n(S) = 25
E = Event of getting exactly 2 heads when 5 coins are tossed
n(E) = Number of ways of getting exactly 2 heads when 5 coins
are tossed = 5C2
P(E) =
n(E)
5C
= 52 =
n(S)
2
54
)
21
2
52
2
5
2
5
16
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2-------------------------------------------------------------------------

n
n Cr
2n
Here n = 5, r = 2
Hence, Required probability =
n Cr
5C 2
=
n =
2
25
54
)
21
52
5
4
5
16
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 3 (Using Binomial Probability distribution)------------------------------------

n
( ) pr q nr
r

n
( )
r
= nCr=
n!
(r!)(n r)!
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
r!
(Read More ...)
Here, n = 5
p = probability of getting a head = 1/2
q = probability of getting a tail = 1/2
n
P(2 Heads in 5 Trials) = ( ) pr q nr
r
5 1
= ( )( )
2 2
1
( )
2
52
5 1
= ( )( )
2 2
54 1
( )
21 2
10
5
=
16
25
14. What is the probability of drawing a "Queen" from a deck of 52 cards?
1
13
1
D.
3
1
2
1
C.
6
B.
A.

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Total number of "Queen" cards, n(E) = 4
P(E) =
n(E)
4
1
=
=
52 13
n(S)
15. A card is randomly drawn from a deck of 52 cards. What is the probability getting an Ace or King or Queen?
3
13
1
C.
13
A.

Answer : Option A
2
13
1
D.
2
B.
Explanation :
Total number of cards = 52
Total number of Ace cards = 4
P(Ace) =
4
1
=
52 13
Total number of King cards = 4
P(King) =
4
1
=
52 13
Total number of Queen cards = 4
P(Queen) =
4
1
=
52 13
Here, clearly the events of getting an Ace , King and Queen are mutually exclusive events.
By Addition Theorem of Probability, we have
P(Ace or King or Queen) = P (Ace) + P (King)+ P(Queen)
1
1
1
3
+
+
=
13 13 13 13
16. A card is randomly drawn from a deck of 52 cards. What is the probability getting a five of Spade or Club?
1
52
1
C.
26
1
13
1
D.
12
A.
B.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total number of cards, n(S) = 52
E = event of getting a five of Spade or Club
n(E) = 2 ( a five of Club, a five of Spade = 2 cards)
P(E) =
n(E)
2
1
=
=
52 26
n(S)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total number of cards = 52

Total number of Spade Cards of Number 5 = 1
Total number of Club Cards of Number 5 = 1
P(Spade Cards of Number 5) =
P(Club Cards of Number 5) =
1
52
1
52
Here, clearly the events are mutually exclusive events.

P(Spade Cards of Number 5 or Club Cards of Number 5)
= P(Spade Cards of Number 5) + P(Club Cards of Number 5)
1
1
1
+
=
52 52 26
17. When two dice are rolled, what is the probability that the sum is either 7 or 11?
1
4
1
C.
9
A.

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
2
5
2
D.
9
B.
Solution 2---------------------------------------------------------------------

Hence, total number of outcomes possible when two dice are
rolled = 6 6 = 36
To get a sum of 7, the following are the favourable cases.
(1, 6), (2, 5), {3, 4}, (4, 3), (5, 2), (6,1)
=> Number of ways in which we get a sum of 7 = 6
Number of ways in which we get a sum of 7

Total number of outcomes possible
P(a sum of 7) =
6
36
To get a sum of 11, the following are the favourable cases.

(5, 6), (6, 5)
=> Number of ways in which we get a sum of 11 = 2
Number of ways in which we get a sum of 11

P(a sum of 11) =
2
36
Here, clearly the events are mutually exclusive events.

P(a sum of 7 or a sum of 11) = P(a sum of 7) + P( a sum of 11)
6
2
8
2
+
=
=
36 36 36 9
18. A card is randomly drawn from a deck of 52 cards. What is the probability getting either a King or a Diamond?
4
13
1
C.
3
2
13
1
D.
2
A.
B.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Total Number of King Cards = 4
P(King) =
4
52
Total Number of Diamond Cards = 13
P(Diamond) =
13
52
Total Number of Cards which are both King and Diamond = 1
P(King and Diamond) =
1
52
Here a card can be both a Diamond card and a King. Hence these are not mutually exclusive events.
(Reference : mutually exclusive events) . By Addition Theorem of Probability, we have
P(King or a Diamond) = P(King) + P(Diamond) P(King and Diamond)
4
13
1
16
4
+
=
=
52 52 52 52 13
19. John and Dani go for an interview for two vacancies. The probability for the selection of John is 1/3 and whereas the probability for the selection of Dani is 1/5. What is the
probability that none of them are selected?
3
5
8
C.
15
7
12
1
D.
5
A.
B.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let A = the event that John is selected and B = the event that
Dani is selected.
Given that P(A) = 1/3 and P(B) = 1/5
is the event that A does not occur and

We know that A
the event that B does not occur
is
B
Probability that none of them are selected
B
)
= P(A
( Reference : Algebra of Events)
). P(B
)
= P(A
( Here A and B are Independent Events and

refer theorem on independent events)
= [ 1 - P(A) ][ 1 - P(B)]
= (1
1
1
) (1 )
3
5
2 4
8
=
3 5 15
20. John and Dani go for an interview for two vacancies. The probability for the selection of John is 1/3 and whereas the probability for the selection of Dani is 1/5. What is the
probability that only one of them is selected?
3
5
2
C.
5
B. None of these
A.
D.
1
5

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let A = the event that John is selected and B = the event that
Dani is selected.
is the event that A does not occur and

We know that A
the event that B does not occur
is
B
Probability that only one of them is selected
) (B A
)]
= P [(A B
( Reference : Algebra of
Events)
) + P (B A
)
= P (A B
( Reference : Mutually
Exclusive Events and Addition Theorem of Probability)
) + P(B)P(A
)
= P(A)P(B
( Here A and B are Independent

Events and refer theorem on independent events)
= P(A) [1 P(B)] + P(B) [1 P(A)]

=
1
1
1
1
1 4 1 2
4
2
2
(1 ) + (1 ) = + =
+
=
3
5
5
3
3 5 5 3 15 15 5
21. A letter is randomly taken from English alphabets. What is the probability that the letter selected is not a vowel?
5
25
5
C.
26
2
25
21
D.
26
A.
B.

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Total number of alphabets, n(S) = 26
Total number of characters which are not vowels, n(E) = 21
P(E) =
n(E)
21
=
26
n(S)
22. The probability A getting a job is 1/5 and that of B is 1/7 . What is the probability that only one of them gets a job?
11
35
2
C.
7
A.
12
35
1
D.
7
B.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let A = Event that A gets a job and B = Event that B gets a job
Probability that only one of them gets a job
) (B A
)]
= P [(A B
( Reference : Algebra of
Events)
) + P (B A
)
= P (A B
( Reference : Mutually
Exclusive Events and Addition Theorem of Probability)
) + P(B)P(A
)
= P(A)P(B
( Here A and B are Independent

Events and refer theorem on independent events)
= P(A) [1 P(B)] + P(B) [1 P(A)]

=
1
1
1
1
1 6 1 4
6
4
10 2
(1 ) + (1 ) = + =
+
=
=
5
7
7
5
5 7 7 5 35 35 35 7
23. A letter is chosen at random from the word 'ASSASSINATION'. What is the probability that it is a vowel?
4
13
7
C.
13
8
13
6
D.
13
A.
B.

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Total Number of letters in the word ASSASSINATION, n(S) = 13
Total number of Vowels in the word ASSASSINATION, n(E) = 6
( 3 'A', 2 'I', 1 'O')
Probability for getting a vowel, P(E) =
n(E)
6
=
13
n(S)
24. A letter is chosen at random from the word 'ASSASSINATION'. What is the probability that it is a consonant?
4
13
7
C.
13
8
13
6
D.
13
A.
B.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Total Number of letters in the word ASSASSINATION, n(S) = 13
Total number of consonants in the word ASSASSINATION = 7
P(consonant) =
7
13
25. Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up and then a ticket is drawn at random. What is the probability that the ticket drawn has a number which is a multiple of 3 or 5?
1
20
4
C.
20
A.

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
-------------------------------------------------------------
9
20
1
D.
4
B.
-------------------------Solution 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total number of tickets, n(S)= 20
To get a multiple of 3 , the favorable cases are 3,9,6,12,15,18.
=> Number of ways in which we get a multiple of 3 = 6
P(Multiple of 3) =
Number of ways in which we get a sum of multiple of 3

6
20
To get a multiple of 5, the favorable cases are 5,10,15,20.

=> Number of ways in which we get a multiple of 5 = 4
P(Multiple of 5) =
Number of ways in which we get a multiple of 5

4
20
There are some cases where we get multiple of 3 and 5. the favorable case for this is 15
=> Number of ways in which we get a multiple of 3 and 5 = 1
P(Multiple of 3 and 5) =
Number of ways in which we get a multiple of 3 and 5

1
20
Here a number can be both a a multiple of 3 and 5. Hence these are not mutually exclusive events.
(Reference : mutually exclusive events) By Addition Theorem of Probability, we have
P(multiple of 3 or 5) = P(multiple of 3) + P(multiple of 5)- P(multiple of 3 and 5)
6
4
1
9
+
=
20 20 20 20
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solution 2----------------------------------------------------------------------
To get a multiple of 3 or 5, the favorable cases are 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12,15,18, 20.

=>Number of ways in which we get a multiple of 3 or 5 = 9
P(multiple of 3 or 5) =
Number of ways in which we get a multiple of 3 or 5

9
20
26. One ball is picked up randomly from a bag containing 8 yellow, 7 blue and 6 black balls. What is the probability that it is neither yellow nor black?
1
3
1
C.
2
1
4
3
D.
4
A.
B.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Total number of balls, n(S) = 8 + 7 + 6 = 21
n(E) = Number of ways in which a ball can be selected which is
neither yellow nor black
= 7 ( there are only 7 balls which are neither yellow nor
black)
P(E) =
n(E)
7
1
=
=
21 3
n(S)
27. Two cards are drawn together from a pack of 52 cards. The probability that one is a club and one is a diamond?
13
51
13
C.
102
A.
1
52
1
D.
26
B.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
n(S) = Total number of ways of drawing 2 cards from 52 cards
= 52C2
Let E = event of getting 1 club and 1 diamond.
We know that there are 13 clubs and 13 diamonds in the total
52 cards.
Hence, n(E) = Number of ways of drawing one club from 13 and

one diamond from 13
= 13C1 13C1
P(E) =
=
n(E)
13C 1 13C 1
=
52C 2
n(S)
13 13
52 51
(
)
2
13 13
13
13
=
=
26 51
2 51
102
28. Two cards are drawn together at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability of both the cards being Queens?
1
52
2
C.
221
1
221
1
D.
26
A.
B.

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------n(S) = Total number of ways of drawing 2 cards from 52 cards
= 52C2
Let E = event of getting two Queens
We know that there are total 4 Queens in the 52 cards
Hence, n(E) = Number of ways of drawing 2 Queens out of
4=4C2
P(E) =
n(E)
4C 2
=
52C 2
n(S)
43
)
2
=
52 51
(
)
2
(
43
3
1
1
=
=
=
52 51
13 51
13 17
221
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solution 2--------------------------------------------------------------------
Let A be the event of getting a Queen in the first draw

Total number of Queens = 4
P(Queen in first draw) =
4
52
Assume that the first event is happened. i.e., a Queen is already drawn in the first draw
and now B = event of getting a Queen in the second draw
Since 1 Queen is drawn in the first draw, Total number of Queens remaining = 3
Since 1 Queen is drawn in the first draw, Total number of cards = 52 - 1 = 51
P(Queen in second draw) =
3
51
P(Queen in first draw and Queen in second draw) = P(Queen in first draw) P(Queen in second draw)
4
3
1
1
1
=
52 51 13 17 221
29. Two dice are rolled together. What is the probability of getting two numbers whose product is even?
17
36
3
C.
4
A.

1
3
11
D.
25
B.
Answer : Option C
Explanation :
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total number of outcomes possible when a die is rolled = 6 (
Hence, Total number of outcomes possible when two dice are
rolled, n(S) = 6 6 = 36
Let E = the event of getting two numbers whose product is
even
= {(1,2), (1,4), (1,6), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,2), (3,4), (3,6), (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(5,2),(5,4), (5,6), (6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}
Hence, n(E) = 27
P(E) =
n(E)
27 3
=
=
36 4
n(S)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Solution 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This problem can easily be solved if we know the following property of numbers
Multiplication Rules for Ev en and Odd Num bers

1. The product of even numbers is always even
2. The product of odd numbers is always odd
3. If there is at least one even number multiplied by any
number of odd numbers, the product is always even
More ...
From these properties, we know that the product will be an odd number only when both dice
get odd numbers in each. In rest of the cases, product will be even
Total number of outcomes possible when a die is rolled = 6
Total number of odd numbers = 3 ( 1 or 3 or 5)
P(Odd Number in first Die) =
3 1
=
6 2
Similarly, P(Odd Number in second Die) =
1
2
P(Odd product) = P(Odd number in first die and Odd Number in second die)
= P(Odd number in first die).P(Odd number in second die)
(
Here both these are Independent Events and refer theorem on
independent events)
=
1 1 1
=
2 2 4
P(Even product) = 1 - P(Odd product) = 1
1 3
=
4 4
30. When two dice are tossed, what is the probability that the total score is a prime number?
1
4
2
C.
3
A.
1
3
5
D.
12
B.

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Hence, Total number of outcomes possible when two dice are
rolled, n(S) = 6 6 = 36
Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29 ... etc
Let E = the event that the total is a prime number

= {(1,1), (1,2), (1,4), (1,6), (2,1), (2,3), (2,5), (3,2), (3,4),
(4,1), (4,3), (5,2), (5,6), (6,1), (6,5)}
Hence, n(E) = 15
P(E) =
n(E)
15
5
=
=
36 12
n(S)
31. There are 10 prizes and 25 blanks in a lottery. If John has taken a lottery, what is the probability for
him to get a prize?
4
7
2
C.
7
3
7
1
D.
7
A.
B.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Total number of outcomes possible, n(S) = 10 + 25 = 35
Total number of prizes, n(E) = 10
P(E) =
n(E)
10 2
=
=
35 7
n(S)
32. Six dice are tossed together. What is the probability of getting the same face in all the dice?
A.
C.
17
B.
65
1
D.
66
65
7
64

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Total number of outcomes possible when a die is tossed = 6 (
Hence, total number of outcomes possible when 6 dice are
thrown, n(S) = 66
n(E) = Number of ways of getting same face in all the dice
=6C1 = 6
P(E) =
n(E)
6
1
= 6 = 5
n(S)
6
6
33. Six dice are tossed together. What is the probability of getting different faces in all of the dice?
A.
65
B.
66
C.
6!
D.
65
6!
66

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Total number of outcomes possible when a die is tossed = 6 (
Hence, total number of outcomes possible when 6 dice are
thrown, n(S) = 66
n(E) = Number of ways of getting different faces in all the dice
= The number of arrangements of 6 numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6 by
taking all at a time
= 6!
P(E) =
n(E)
n(S)
6!
66
34. Six persons enter a lift on the ground floor of a nine floor apartment. Assuming that each of them
independently and with equal probability can leave the lift at any floor beginning with the first, what is the
probability that all the six persons are leaving the lift at different floors?
A.
C.
8!
86
8C 6
8
B.
D.
8!
87
8P 6
86

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Apart from the ground floor, there are 8 floors
Let's find out the total num ber of w ays in w hich all the six
persons can leave the
lift at eight different floors
The 1st person can leave the lift in any of the 8 floors (8 ways)
The 2nd person can leave the lift in any of the remaining 7
floors (7 ways)
The 3nd person can leave the lift in any of the remaining 6
floors (6 ways)
...
The 6th person can leave the lift in any of the remaining 3 floors
(3 ways)
Total number of ways = 8 7 6 5 4 3 = 8P6
(In fact, from the definition of permutations itself,
we will be able to directly say that the number of ways in which
all the six persons
can leave the lift at 8 different floors = 8P6)
n(E)= Total Num ber of w ays in w hich all the six persons
can leav e the lift at eight
different floors = 8 P 6
Now w e w ill find out the total num ber of w ay s in w hich
each of the six persons
can leav e the lift at any of the eight floors
The 1st person can leave the lift in any of the 8 floors (8 ways)
The 2nd person can leave the lift in any of the 8 floors (8 ways)
The 3nd person can leave the lift in any of the 8 floors (8 ways)
...
The 6th person can leave the lift in any of the 8 floors (8 ways)
Total number of ways = 8 8 8 8 8 8 = 86
i.e., The total num ber of w ays in w hich each the six
persons can leave the lift
at any of the eight floors = n(S) = 8 6
P(E) =
n(E)
8P
= 66
n(S)
8
35. Raja has 4 tickets of a lottery for which 12 tickets were sold and 3 prices are to be given. What is the
probability that Raja will win at least one price?
41
55
12
C.
55
A.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
43
55
14
D.
55
B.
Let E be the event that Raja will not won any price
n(E) = number of ways in which Raja will not won any price
= number of ways of taking 4 tickets from 12, none of them win
a price
= number of ways of taking 4 tickets from 9 (=12-3)
= 9C4
n(S)= number of ways of taking 4 tickets from 12 = 12C4
Probability that Raja will not win any price =
n(E)
n(S)
9C 4
12C 4
9876
)
4321
=
12 11 10 9
(
)
4321
(
9876
12 11 10 9
87
47
27
14
=
=
=
2 11 10
11 10
11 5
55
Probability that Raja will at least one price

= 1 - Probability that Raja will not win any price
= 1
14 41
=
55 55
36. A basket contains 15 apples and 10 oranges out of which 4 apples and 2 oranges are defective. If a
person takes two fruits at random, what is the probability that either both are apples or both are good
221
300
1
C.
2
B. None of these
A.
D.
312
401

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Number of ways in which two apples can be taken from 15
apples = 15C2
Number of ways in which two fruits can be taken from 25
(=15+10) fruits = 25C2
P(both are apples)=
15C 2
25C 2
Number of ways in which two fruits taken can be taken from 19 good fruits = 19C2
( Total good fruits = (15+10) (4+2) = 19)
Number of ways in which two fruits can be taken from 25(=15+10) fruits = 25C2
P(Both are good)=
19C 2
25C 2
P(Both are Apples and both are good) = ?

There are 11 (=15-4) good apples.
Number of ways in which two apples can be taken from these 11 good apples = 11C2
Number of ways in which two fruits can be taken from 25 (=15+10) fruits = 25C2
11C 2
25C 2
P(Both are Apples and both are good) =
Here the fruits can be apples and good. Hence these are not
mutually exclusive
events. (Reference : mutually exclusive events). By addition
theorem on probability, we have
P ( Both are Apples or Both are Good)

= P(Both are Apples ) + P(Both are Good) P(Both are Apples
and both are good)
15C 2
19C 2 11C2
15C 2 + 19C 2 11C 2
+
=
25C 2
25C 2 25C2
25C 2
15 14
19 18
11 10
)+ (
) (
)
21
21
21
=
25 24
(
)
21
(
(105 + 171 55)

25 12
(15 7) + (19 9) (11 5)

25 12
221
300
37. A bag contains 4 blue, 5 white and 6 green balls. Two balls are drawn at random. What is the
probability that both the balls are blue?
A.
2
35
B.
1
17
C.
1
15
D.
2
21

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let E be the event that both the balls are blue
n(E) = Number of ways in which 2 balls can be drawn from 4
blue balls = 4C2
n(S) = Number of ways in which 2 balls can be drawn from 15
balls
( 4 + 5 + 6 = 15)
= 15C2
P(E) =
n(E)
4C 2
=
15C 2
n(S)
43
)
21
=
15 14
(
)
21
(
43
4
2
2
=
=
=
15 14
5 14
57
35
38. A bag contains 4 blue, 5 white and 6 green balls. Two balls are drawn at random. What is the
probability that one ball is white?
10
21
3
C.
4
A.
1
2
2
D.
35
B.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
1 white ball can be drawn from 5 white balls in 5C1 = 5 ways
1 ball from the remaining 10 balls can be drawn in 10C1 = 10
ways
Hence, one white ball and one other colour ball can be drawn in
5 10 = 50 ways
i.e.,n(E) = 50
n(S) = Number of ways in which 2 balls can be drawn from 15
balls
( 4 + 5 + 6 = 15)
= 15C2
P(E) =
n(E)
50
=
15C 2
n(S)
50
15 14
(
)
21
50 2
10 2
10
10
=
=
=
15 14
3 14
37
21
39. Three boys P,Q and R are to speak at a function along with 5 others. If all of them speak in random
order, what is the probability that P speaks before Q and Q speaks before R?
2
9
1
C.
6
A.
1
3
1
D.
9
B.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
n(S) = Total num ber of w ays in w hich 8 boy s can speak
=8 P 8 = 8!
Now , let's find out the total num ber of w ay s in w hich 8
boys can speak
w here P speaks before Q and Q speaks before R.
Let the 8 boys be A, B, C, D, E, P, Q, R.
There are 8 positions to be filled.
Number of options for A = 8 (Any of the 8 positions.)
Number of options for B = 7 (Any of the 7 positions.)
Number of options for C = 6 (Any of the 6 positions.)
Number of options for D = 5 (Any of the 5 positions.)
Number of options for E = 4 (Any of the 4 positions.)
Since P must speak before Q, and Q must speak before R, the 3
remaining positions
must be occupied as P-Q-R. i.e, there is only 1 way of doing
this
Total number of ways = (8 7 6 5 4 1)= 8P5
i.e., n(E) = Total num ber of w ays in w hich 8 boy s can
speak
w here P speaks before Q and Q speaks before R = 8 P 5
P(E) =
n(E)
8P
= 5 =
n(S)
8!
8!
)
3!
8!
1
1
=
3! 6
40. There is a point in a circle. What is the probability that this point is closer to its circumference than to
the centre?
1
3
1
C.
2
1
4
3
D.
4
A.
B.

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Consider a circle with radius r as shown above. Let P be any

point in this circle.
If P is in the inner circle of radius r/2 (i.e, in segment A),
it is closer to the centre of the circle (of radius r)
If P is outside the inner circle of radius r/2 (i.e, in segment B),
it is closer to the circumference of the circle (of radius r)
Area of segment B = Area of Circle of radius r Area of the
circle of radius r/2
r
= r 2 ( )
2
= r 2
r 2
3r 2
=
4
4
Area of the circle of radius r = r 2
Required Probability =
Area of segment B
Total Area of the circle of radius r
(
=
3r 2
)
4
r 2
3
4
I mportan t Formu las - P robability or Ch an ce

1.
Probability or Chance
Probability or chance is a common term used in day-to-day life. For example, we generally
say, 'it may rain today'. This statement has a certain uncertainty.
Probability is quantitative measure of the chance of occurrence of a particular event.
2.
Experim ent
An experiment is an operation which can produce well-defined outcomes.
3.
Random Ex perim ent
If all the possible outcomes of an experiment are known but the exact output cannot be
predicted in advance, that experiment is called a random experiment.
Ex am ples
i.
Tossing of a fair coin

When we toss a coin, the outcome will be either Head (H) or Tail (T)
ii.
Throw ing an unbiased die

Die is a small cube used in games. It has six faces and each of the six faces shows a
different number of dots from 1 to 6. Plural of die is dice.
When a die is thrown or rolled, the outcome is the number that appears on its upper
face and it is a random integer from one to six, each value being equally likely.
iii.
Draw ing a card from a pack of shuffled cards

A pack or deck of playing cards has 52 cards which are divided into four categories as
given below
Spades ()
Clubs ()
Hearts ()
Diamonds ()
Each of the above mentioned categories has 13 cards, 9 cards numbered from 2 to
10, an Ace, a King, a Queen and a jack
Hearts and Diamonds are red faced cards whereas Spades and Clubs are black faced
cards.
Kings, Queens and Jacks are called face cards
iv.
4.
Taking a ball random ly from a bag containing balls of different colours
Sam ple Space
Sample Space is the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment. It is denoted by S.

Ex am ples
5.
i.
When a coin is tossed, S = {H, T} where H = Head and T = Tail
ii.
When a dice is thrown, S = {1, 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6}
iii.
When two coins are tossed, S = {HH, HT, TH, TT} where H = Head and T = Tail
Event
Any subset of a Sample Space is an event. Events are generally denoted by capital letters A,
B , C, D etc.
Ex am ples
6.
i.
When a coin is tossed, outcome of getting head or tail is an event
ii.
When a die is rolled, outcome of getting 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 is an event
Equally Likely Events
Events are said to be equally likely if there is no preference for a particular event over the
other.
Ex am ples
7.
i.
When a coin is tossed, Head (H) or Tail is equally likely to occur.
ii.
When a dice is thrown, all the six faces (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) are equally likely to occur.
Mutually Ex clusive Events
Two or more than two events are said to be mutually exclusive if the occurrence of one of
the events excludes the occurrence of the other
This can be better illustrated with the following examples
i.
When a coin is tossed, we get either Head or Tail. Head and Tail cannot come
simultaneously. Hence occurrence of Head and Tail are mutually exclusive events.
ii.
When a die is rolled, we get 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6. All these faces cannot come

simultaneously. Hence occurrences of particular faces when rolling a die are mutually
exclusive events.
Note : If A and B are mutually exclusive events, A
set.
iii.
B = where represents empty
Consider a die is thrown and A be the event of getting 2 or 4 or 6 and B be the event
of getting 4 or 5 or 6. Then
A = {2, 4, 6} and B = {4, 5, 6}
Here A
B . Hence A and B are not mutually exclusive events.
8.
Independent Events
Events can be said to be independent if the occurrence or non-occurrence of one event does
not influence the occurrence or non-occurrence of the other.
Ex am ple : When a coin is tossed twice, the event of getting Tail(T) in the first toss and the
event of getting Tail(T) in the second toss are independent events. This is because the
occurrence of getting Tail(T) in any toss does not influence the occurrence of getting Tail(T)
in the other toss.
9.
Sim ple Ev ents
In the case of simple events, we take the probability of occurrence of single events.
Ex am ples
10.
i.
Probability of getting a Head (H) when a coin is tossed
ii.
Probability of getting 1 when a die is thrown
Com pound Ev ents
In the case of compound events, we take the probability of joint occurrence of two or more
events.
Ex am ples
i.
11.
When two coins are tossed, probability of getting a Head (H) in the first toss and
getting a Tail (T) in the second toss.
Exhaustiv e Ev ents
Exhaustive Event is the total number of all possible outcomes of an experiment.

Ex am ples
i.
When a coin is tossed, we get either Head or Tail. Hence there are 2 exhaustive
events.
ii.
When two coins are tossed, the possible outcomes are (H, H), (H, T), (T, H), (T, T).
Hence there are 4 (=22) exhaustive events.
iii.
12.
When a dice is thrown, we get 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6. Hence there are 6

exhaustive events.
Algebra of Ev ents
Let A and B are two events with sample space S. Then

i.
A B is the event that either A or B or Both occur. (i.e., at least one of A or B

occurs)
ii.
iii.
is the event that A does not occur

A
iv.
B
is the event that none of A and B occurs
A
B is the event that both A and B occur
Ex am ple : Consider a die is thrown , A be the event of getting 2 or 4 or 6 and B be the

event of getting 4 or 5 or 6. Then
A = {2, 4, 6} and B = {4, 5, 6}
A
B = {2, 4, 5, 6}
B = {4, 6}
= {1, 3, 5}
A
= {1, 2, 3}
B
B
= {1,3}
A
13.
Probability of en Event
Let E be an event and S be the sample space. Then probability of the event E can be defined
as
P(E) =
n(E)
n(S)
where P(E) = Probability of the event E, n(E) = number of ways in which the event can occur
and n(S) = Total number of outcomes possible
Exam ples
i.
A coin is tossed once. What is the probability of getting Head?

Total number of outcomes possible when a coin is tossed = n(S) = 2 ( Head or Tail)
E = event of getting Head = {H}. Hence n(E) = 1
P(E) =
ii.
n(E)
n(S)
1
2
Two dice are rolled. What is the probability that the sum on the top face of both the
dice will be greater than 9?
Total number of outcomes possible when a die is rolled = 6 ( any one face out of the
6 faces)
Hence, total number of outcomes possible two dice are rolled, n(S) = 6 6 = 36
E = Getting a sum greater than 9 when the two dice are rolled = {(4, 6), {5, 5}, {5,
6}, {6, 4}, {6, 5}, (6, 6)}
Hence, n(E) = 6
P(E) =
14.
n(E)
6
1
=
=
36 6
n(S)
Im portant form ulas
P(S) = 1
0
P (E) 1
P( ) = 0
15.
( Probability of occurrence of an impossible event = 0)
Addition Theorem
Let A and B be two events associated with a random experiment. Then

P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A
B)
If A and B are mutually exclusive events, then P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) because for mutually
exclusive events, P(A B) = 0
If A and B are two independents events, then

16.
P(A
B) = P(A).P(B)
Ex am ple : Two dice are rolled. What is the probability of getting an odd number in one die
and getting an even number in the other die?
Total number of outcomes possible when a die is rolled, n(S) = 6 ( any one face out of the 6
faces)
Let A be the event of getting the odd number in one die = {1,3,5}. => n(A)= 3
P(A) =
n(A)
3 1
= =
6 2
n(S)
Let B be the event of getting an even number in the other die = {2,4, 6}. => n(B)= 3
P(B) =
n(B)
3 1
= =
6 2
n(S)
Required Probability, P(A
Let A be any event and

occur). Then
) = 1 - P(A)
P(A
17.
Odds on an ev ent
B) = P(A).P(B) =
1 1 1
=
2 2 4
be its complementary event (i.e., A

is the event that A does not
A
Let E be an event associat ed with a random experiment. Let

and y outcomes are not favourable to E, then
x outcomes are favourable to E
x
x : y , i.e.,
and
y
y
Odds against E are y : x , i.e.,
x
x
P(E) =
x+y
Odds in favour of E are
P(E ) =
y
x+y
Ex am ple : What are the odds in favour of and against getting a 1 when a die is rolled?
Let E be an event of getting 1 when a die is rolled
Outcomes which are favourable to E,
x=1
Outcomes which are not favourable to E,

Odds in favour of getting 1 =
Odds against getting 1 =
18.
Conditional Probability
x 1
=
y 5
x
y 5
= =
y
x 1
y= 5
Let A and B be two events associated with a random experiment. Then, probability of the
occurrence of A given that B has already occurred is called conditional probability and
denoted by P(A/B)
Example : A bag contains 5 black and 4 blue balls. Two balls are drawn from the bag one by
one without replacement. What is the probability of drawing a blue ball in the second draw if a
black ball is already drawn in the first draw?
Let A be the event of drawing black ball in the first draw and B be the event of drawing a blue
ball in the second draw. Then, P(B/A) = Probability of drawing a blue ball in the second draw
given that a black ball is already drawn in the first draw.
Total Balls = 5 + 4 = 9
Since a black ball is drawn already,
total number of balls left after the first draw = 8
total number of blue balls after the first draw = 4
P(B/A) =
19.
4 1
=
8 2
Binom ial Probability distribution

A binomial experiment is a probability experiment which satisfies the following requirements.
1. Each trial can have only two outcomes. These outcomes can be considered as either success or
failure.
2. There must be a fixed number of trials.
3. The outcomes of each trial must be independent of each other.
4. The probability of a success must remain the same for each trial.
In a binomial experiment, The probability of achieving exactly r successes in n trials can be

given by
n
( ) pr q nr
r

n
( )
r
20.
= nCr=
n!
(r!)(n r)!
More Shortcut F orm ulas
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
r!

n
The probability of getting exactly r-number of heads when n coins are tossed =
nCr
2n
I mportan t Formu las - P roblems on Train s

5
m/s
18
1.
x km/hr = x
2.
y m/s = y
3.
Speed = distance/time
18
km/hr
5
s = d/t
4.
velocity = displacement/time
v = d/t
5.
Time taken by a train x meters long to pass a pole or standing man or a post
= Time taken by the train to travel x meters.
6.
Time taken by a train x meters long to pass an object of length y meters

= Time taken by the train to travel (x + y) metres.
7.
Suppose two trains or two objects are moving in the same direction at v1 m/s and v2 m/s where v1
> v2,
then their relative speed = (v1 v2) m/s
8.
Suppose two trains or two objects are moving in opposite directions at v1 m/s and v2 m/s ,
then their relative speed = (v1+ v2) m/s
9.
Assume two trains of length x metres and y metres are moving in opposite directions at v1 m/s and
v2 m/s, Then
The time taken by the trains to cross each other = (x+y) / (v1+v2) seconds
10.
Assume two trains of length x metres and y metres are moving in the same direction at at v1 m/s
and v2 m/s where v1 > v2, Then
The time taken by the faster train to cross the slower train = (x+y) / (v1-v2) seconds
11.
Assume that two trains (objects) start from two points P and Q towards each other at the same
time and after crossing they take p and q seconds to reach Q and P respectively. Then,
A's speed: B's speed =
q : p
1. A train is running at a speed of 40 km/hr and it crosses a post in 18 seconds. What is the length of the
train?
A. 190 metres
B. 160 metres
C. 200 metres
D. 120 metres

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Speed of the train, v = 40 km/hr = 40000/3600 m/s = 400/36 m/s
Time taken to cross, t = 18 s
Distance Covered, d = vt = (400/36) 18 = 200 m
Distance covered is equal to the length of the train = 200 m
2. A train ,130 meters long travels at a speed of 45 km/hr crosses a bridge in 30 seconds. The length of
the bridge is
A. 270 m
B. 245 m
C. 235 m
D. 220 m

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Assume the length of the bridge = x meter
Total distance covered = 130+x meter
total time taken = 30s
speed = Total distance covered /total time taken = (130+x)/30 m/s
=> 45 (10/36) = (130+x)/30
=> 45 10 30 /36 = 130+x
=> 45 10 10 / 12 = 130+x
=> 15 10 10 / 4 = 130+x
=> 15 25 = 130+x = 375
=> x = 375-130 =245
3. A train has a length of 150 meters . it is passing a man who is moving at 2 km/hr in the same direction
of the train, in 3 seconds. Find out the speed of the train.
A. 182 km/hr
B. 180 km/hr
C. 152 km/hr
D. 169 km/hr

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Length of the train, l = 150m
Speed of the man , Vm= 2 km/hr
Relative speed, Vr = total distance/time = (150/3) m/s = (150/3) (18/5) =
180 km/hr
Relative Speed = Speed of train, Vt - Speed of man (As both are moving in the
same direction)
=> 180 = Vt - 2
=> Vt = 180 + 2 = 182 km/hr
4. A train having a length of 240 m passes a post in 24 seconds. How long will it take to pass a platform
having a length of 650 m?
A. 120 sec
B. 99 s
C. 89 s
D. 80 s

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
v = 240/24 (where v is the speed of the train) = 10 m/s
t = (240+650)/10 = 89 seconds
5. A train 360 m long runs with a speed of 45 km/hr. What time will it take to pass a platform of 140 m
long?
A. 38 sec
B. 35 s
C. 44 sec
D. 40 s

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Speed = 45 km/hr = 45(10/36) m/s
= 150/12 = 50/4 = 25/2 m/s
Total distance = length of the train + length of the platform
= 360 + 140 = 500 meter
Time taken to cross the platform = 500/(25/2) = 5002/25 = 40 seconds
6. Two trains running in opposite directions cross a man standing on the platform in 27 seconds and 17
seconds respectively . If they cross each other in 23 seconds, what is the ratio of their speeds?
A. Insufficient data
B. 3 : 1
C. 1 : 3
D. 3 : 2

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the speed of the trains be x and y respectively
length of train1 = 27x
length of train2 = 17y
Relative speed= x+ y
Time taken to cross each other = 23 s
=> (27x + 17 y)/(x+y) = 23
=> (27x + 17 y)/ = 23(x+y)
=> 4x = 6y
=> x/y = 6/4 = 3/2
7. A jogger is running at 9 kmph alongside a railway track in 240 meters ahead of the engine of a 120
meters long train . The train is running at 45 kmph in the same direction. how much time does it take for
the train to pass the jogger?
A. 46
B. 36
C. 18
D. 22

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Distance to be covered = 240+ 120 = 360 m
Relative speed = 36 km/hr = 3610/36 = 10 m/s
Time = distance/speed = 360/10 = 36 seconds
8. Two trains of equal length are running on parallel lines in the same direction at 46 km/hr and 36 km/hr.
If the faster train passes the slower train in 36 seconds,what is the length of each train?
A. 88
B. 70
C. 62
D. 50

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Assume the length of each train = x
Total distance covered for overtaking the slower train = x+x = 2x
Relative speed = 46-36 = 10km/hr = (1010)/36 = 100/36 m/s
Time = 36 seconds
2x/ (100/36) = 36
=> (2x 36 )/100 = 36
=> x = 50 meter
9. Two trains having length of 140 m and 160 m long run at the speed of 60 km/hr and 40 km/hr
respectively in opposite directions (on parallel tracks). The time which they take to cross each other, is
A. 10.8 s
B. 12 s
C. 9.8 s
D. 8 s

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Distance = 140+160 = 300 m
Relative speed = 60+40 = 100 km/hr = (10010)/36 m/s
Time = distance/speed = 300 / (10010)/36 = 30036 / 1000 = 336/10 =
10.8 s
10. Two trains are moving in opposite directions with speed of 60 km/hr and 90 km/hr respectively. Their
lengths are 1.10 km and 0.9 km respectively. the slower train cross the faster train in --- seconds
A. 56
B. 48
C. 47
D. 26

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Relative speed = 60+90 = 150 km/hr (Since both trains are moving in opposite
directions)
Total distance = 1.1+.9 = 2km
Time = 2/150 hr = 1//75 hr = 3600/75 seconds = 1200/25 = 240/5 = 48 seconds
11. A train passes a platform in 36 seconds. The same train passes a man standing on the platform in 20
seconds. If the speed of the train is 54 km/hr, The length of the platform is
A. None of these
B. 280 meter
C. 240 meter
D. 200 meter

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Speed of the train = 54 km/hr = (5410)/36 m/s = 15 m/s
Length of the train = speed time taken to cross the man = 1520 = 300 m
Let the length of the platform = L
Time taken to cross the platform = (300+L)/15
=> (300+L)/15 = 36
=> 300+L = 1536 = 540
=> L = 540-300 = 240 meter
12. A train moves past a post and a platform 264 m long in 8 seconds and 20 seconds respectively. What
is the speed of the train?
A. 79.2 km/hr
B. 69 km/hr
C. 74 km/hr
D. 61 km/hr

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let x is the length of the train and v is the speed
Time taken to move the post = 8 s
=> x/v = 8
=> x = 8v --- (1)
Time taken to cross the platform 264 m long = 20 s

(x+264)/v = 20
=> x + 264 = 20v ---(2)
Substituting equation 1 in equation 2, we get

8v +264 = 20v
=> v = 264/12 = 22 m/s

= 2236/10 km/hr = 79.2 km/hr
13. Two trains having equal lengths, take 10 seconds and 15 seconds respectively to cross a post. If the
length of each train is 120 meters, in what time (in seconds) will they cross each other when traveling in
opposite direction?
A. 10
B. 25
C. 12
D. 20

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
speed of train1 = 120/10 = 12 m/s
speed of train2 = 120/15 = 8 m/s
if they travel in opposite direction, relative speed = 12+8 = 20 m/s
distance covered = 120+120 = 240 m
time = distance/speed = 240/20 = 12 s
14. Two trains, one from P to Q and the other from Q to P, start simultaneously. After they meet, the
trains reach their destinations after 9 hours and 16 hours respectively. The ratio of their speeds is
A. 2 : 3
B. 2 :1
C. 4 : 3
D. 3 : 2

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Ratio of their speeds = Speed of first train : Speed of second train
16
=
9
= 4:3
15. A train having a length of 1/4 mile , is traveling at a speed of 75 mph. It enters a tunnel 3 miles
long. How long does it take the train to pass through the tunnel from the moment the front enters to the
moment the rear emerges?
A. 3 min
B. 4.2 min
C. 3.4 min
D. 5.5 min

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Total distance = 3 + = 7/2 + = 15/4 miles
Speed = 75 mph
Time = distance/speed = (15/4) / 75 hr = 1/20 hr = 60/20 minutes = 3 minutes
16. A train runs at the speed of 72 kmph and crosses a 250 m long platform in 26 seconds. What is the
length of the train?
A. 270 m
B. 210 m
C. 340 m
D. 130 m

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Speed= 72 kmph = 7210/36 = 20 m/s
Distance covered = 250+ x where x is the length of the train
Time = 26 s
(250+x)/26 = 20
250+x = 2620 = 520 m
x = 520-250 = 270 m
17. A train overtakes two persons who are walking in the same direction to that of the train at 2 kmph and
4 kmph and passes them completely in 9 and 10 seconds respectively. What is the length of the train?
A. 62 m
B. 54 m
C. 50 m
D. 55 m

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let x is the length of the train in meter and v is its speed in kmph
x/9 = ( v-2)(10/36) ---(1)
x/10 =( v-4) (10/36) --- (2)
Dividing equation 1 with equation 2

10/9 = (v-2)/(v-4)
=> 10v - 40 = 9v - 18
=> v = 22
Substituting in equation 1, x/9 = 200/36 => x = 9200/36 = 50 m
18. A train is traveling at 48 kmph . It crosses another train having half of its length , traveling in opposite
direction at 42 kmph, in 12 seconds. It also passes a railway platform in 45 seconds. What is the length of
the platform?
A. 500 m
B. 360 m
C. 480 m
D. 400 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Speed of train1 = 48 kmph
Let the length of train1 = 2x meter
Speed of train2 = 42 kmph
Length of train 2 = x meter (because it is half of train1's length)
Distance = 2x + x = 3x
Relative speed= 48+42 = 90 kmph = 9010/36 m/s = 25 m/s
Time = 12 s
Distance/time = speed => 3x/12 = 25
=> x = 2512/3 = 100 meter
Length of the first train = 2x = 200 meter
Time taken to cross the platform= 45 s

Speed of train1 = 48 kmph = 480/36 = 40/3 m/s
Distance = 200 + y where y is the length of the platform
=> 200 + y = 4540/3 = 600
=> y = 400 meter
19. A train having a length of 270 meter is running at the speed of 120 kmph . It crosses another train
running in opposite direction at the speed of 80 kmph in 9 seconds. What is the length of the other train?
A. 320 m
B. 190 m
C. 210 m
D. 230 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Relative speed = 120+80 = 200 kmph = 20010/36 m/s = 500/9 m/s
time = 9s
Total distance covered = 270 + x where x is the length of other train
(270+x)/9 = 500/9
=> 270+x = 500
=> x = 500-270 = 230 meter
20. Two trains, each 100 m long are moving in opposite directions. They cross each other in 8 seconds. If
one is moving twice as fast the other, the speed of the faster train is
A. 75 km/hr
B. 60 km/hr
C. 35 km/hr
D. 70 km/hr

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Total distance covered = 100+100 = 200 m
Time = 8 s
let speed of slower train is v . Then the speed of the faster train is 2v
(Since one is moving twice as fast the other)
Relative speed = v + 2v = 3v
3v = 200/8 m/s = 25 m/s
=> v = 25/3 m/s
Speed of the faster train = 2v = 50/3 m/s = (50/3)(36/10) km/hr = 536/3 =
512 = 60 km/hr
21. Two stations P and Q are 110 km apart on a straight track. One train starts from P at 7 a.m. and
travels towards Q at 20 kmph. Another train starts from Q at 8 a.m. and travels towards P at a speed of
25 kmph. At what time will they meet?
A. 10.30 a.m
B. 10 a.m.
C. 9.10 a.m.
D. 11 a.m.

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Assume both trains meet after x hours after 7 am
Distance covered by train starting from P in x hours = 20x km
Distance covered by train starting from Q in (x-1) hours = 25(x-1)
Total distance = 110
=> 20x + 25(x-1) = 110
=> 45x = 135
=> x= 3
Means, they meet after 3 hours after 7 am, ie, they meet at 10 am
22. A train overtakes two persons walking along a railway track. The first person walks at 4.5 km/hr and
the other walks at 5.4 km/hr. The train needs 8.4 and 8.5 seconds respectively to overtake them. What is
the speed of the train if both the persons are walking in the same direction as the train?
A. 81 km/hr
B. 88 km/hr
C. 62 km/hr
D. 46 km/hr

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let x is the length of the train in meter and y is its speed in kmph
x/8.4 = (y-4.5)(10/36) ---(1)

x/8.5 = (y-5.4)(10/36) ---(2)
Dividing 1 by 2
8.5/8.4 = (y-4.5)/ (y-5.4)
=> 8.4y - 8.4 4.5 = 8.5y - 8.55.4
.1y = 8.55.4 - 8.44.5
=> .1y = 45.9-37.8 = 8.1
=> y = 81 km/hr
23. A train , having a length of 110 meter is running at a speed of 60 kmph. In what time, it will pass a
man who is running at 6 kmph in the direction opposite to that of the train
A. 10 sec
B. 8 sec
C. 6 sec
D. 4 sec

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Distance = 110 m
Relative speed = 60+6 = 66 kmph (Since both the train and the man are in
moving in opposite direction)
= 6610/36 mps = 110/6 mps
Time = distance/speed = 110/(110/6) = 6 s
24. A 300 metre long train crosses a platform in 39 seconds while it crosses a post in 18 seconds. What is
the length of the platform?
A. 150 m
B. 350 m
C. 420 m
D. 600 m

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Length of the train = distance covered in crossing the post = speed time =
speed 18
Speed of the train = 300/18 m/s = 50/3 m/s
Time taken to cross the platform = 39 s
(300+x)/(50/3) = 39 s where x is the length of the platform
300+x = (39 50) / 3 = 650 meter
x = 650-300 = 350 meter
25. A train crosses a post in 15 seconds and a platform 100 m long in 25 seconds. Its length is
A. 150 m
B. 300 m
C. 400 m
D. 180 m

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Assume x is the length of the train and v is the speed
x/v = 15 => v = x/15
(x+100)/v = 25 => v = (x+100)/25

Ie, x/15 = (x+100)/25
=> 5x = 3x+ 300
=> x = 300/2 = 150
26. A train , 800 meter long is running with a speed of 78 km/hr. It crosses a tunnel in 1 minute. What is
the length of the tunnel (in meters)?
A. 440 m
B. 500 m
C. 260 m
D. 430 m

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Distance = 800+x meter where x is the length of the tunnel
Time = 1 minute = 60 seconds
Speed = 78 km/hr = 7810/36 m/s = 130/6 = 65/3 m/s
Distance/time = speed
(800+x)/60 = 65/3
=> 800+x = 2065 = 1300
=> x = 1300 - 800 = 500 meter
27. Two train each 500 m long, are running in opposite directions on parallel tracks. If their speeds are 45
km/hr and 30 km/hr respectively, the time taken by the slower train to pass the driver of the faster one is
A. 50 sec
B. 58 sec
C. 24 sec
D. 22 sec

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Relative speed = 45+30 = 75 km/hr = 750/36 m/s = 125/6 m/s
We are calculating the time taken by the slower train to pass the driver of the
faster one
.Hence the distance = length of the smaller train = 500 m
Time = distance/speed = 500/(125/6) = 24 s
28. Two trains are running at 40 km/hr and 20 km/hr respectively in the same direction. If the fast train
completely passes a man sitting in the slower train in 5 seconds, the length of the fast train is :
A.
19 m
C.
13
2
m
9
7
m
9
B.
27
D.
33 m

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Relative speed = 40-20 = 20 km/hr = 200/36 m/s = 100/18 m/s
Time = 5 s
Distance = speed time = (100/18) 5 = 500/18 m = 250/9 =
length of the fast train
27
7
m =
9
29. Two trains are running in opposite directions in the same speed. The length of each train is 120 meter.
If they cross each other in 12 seconds, the speed of each train (in km/hr) is
A. 42
B. 36
C. 28
D. 20

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Distance covered = 120+120 = 240 m
Time = 12 s
Let the speed of each train = v. Then relative speed = v+v = 2v
2v = distance/time = 240/12 = 20 m/s

Speed of each train = v = 20/2 = 10 m/s
= 1036/10 km/hr = 36 km/hr
30. A train 108 m long is moving at a speed of 50 km/hr . It crosses a train 112 m long coming from
opposite direction in 6 seconds. What is the speed of the second train?
A. 82 kmph
B. 76 kmph
C. 44 kmph
D. 58 kmph

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Total distance = 108+112 = 220 m
Time = 6s
Relative speed = distance/time = 220/6 m/s = 110/3 m/s
= (110/3) (18/5) km/hr = 132 km/hr
=> 50 + speed of second train = 132 km/hr
=> Speed of second train = 132-50 = 82 km/hr
31. How many seconds will a 500 meter long train moving with a speed of 63 km/hr, take to cross a man
walking with a speed of 3 km/hr in the direction of the train ?
A. 42
B. 50
C. 30
D. 28

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Distance = 500m
Speed = 63 -3 km/hr = 60 km/hr = 600/36 m/s = 50/3 m/s
Time taken = distance/speed = 500/(50/3) = 30 s
I mportan t Formu las - P rofit an d Loss

1.
Cost price (CP) is the price at which an article is purchased.
2.
Selling price (SP) is the price at which an article is sold.
3.
If SP > CP, it is a profit or gain
4.
If CP > SP, it is a loss.
5.
Gain or Profit = SP CP
6.
Loss = CP - SP
7.
Loss or gain is always reckoned on CP
8.
Profit Percentage (Profit %) =
9.
Loss Percentage (Loss %) =
10.
(CP - SP)
Loss
100 =
100
CP
CP
In the case of a gain or profit,
SP =
11.
(SP - CP)
Profit
100 =
100
CP
CP
(100 + Gain%)
100
CP
CP =
100
(100 + Gain %)
SP =
(100 Loss%)
CP
100
CP =
100
SP
(100 Loss%)
SP
In the case of a loss,
12.
If an article is sold at a gain of 20%, then SP = 120% of CP
13.
If an article is sold at a loss of 20% then SP = 80% of CP
14.
If an article is sold at a loss of 20% then SP = 80% of CP
15.
If a person sells two items at the same price; one at a gain of x % and another at a loss of x %,
then the seller always incurs a loss expressed as
Loss % = (
16.
Common Loss and Gain %

10
=(
x
)
10
If a trader professes to sell his goods at cost price, but uses false weights, then
Gain% = [
Error
( True Value - Error )
100] %
1. John buys an old scooter for Rs. 4700 and spends Rs. 800 on its repairs. If he sells the scooter for Rs. 5800, what is his gain percent?
A.
C.
12%
4
4 %
7
10%
5
D. 5
%
11
B.

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Cost Price (CP) = 4700 + 800 = Rs. 5500.
Selling Price (SP) = Rs. 5800.
Gain = (SP) - (CP) = 5800 - 5500= Rs. 300.
Gain% = (
Gain
300
300 60
5
) 100 = (
) 100 =
=
=5
CP
5500
55
11
11
2. The cost price of 20 articles is the same as the selling price of x articles. If the profit is 25%, find out the value of x
A. 15
B. 25
C. 18
D. 16

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the Cost Price (CP) of one article = 1
=> CP of x articles = x ------------------------------(Equation
1)
CP of 20 articles = 20
Given that cost price of 20 articles is the same as the selling

price of x articles
=> Selling price (SP) of x articles = 20--------------(Equation
2)
Given that Profit = 25%
SP CP
25
1
)=
= ------------( Equation 3)
CP
100 4
Substituting equations 1 and 2 in equation 3,
(20 x)
1
=
x
4
80 4x = x
5x = 80
x=
80
= 16
5
3. If selling price is doubled, the profit triples. What is the profit percent?
A.
100
C.
66
2
3
B.
105
D.
120
1
3

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the CP = x , SP = y
profit = SP CP = y-x
If SP is doubled, SP = 2y
Now Profit = SP CP = 2y - x
Given that If selling price is doubled, the profit triples
2y x = 3(y x)
2y x = 3y 3x
y = 2x
P rofit% =
P rofit
100
CP
y x
100
x
2x x
100
x
x
100
x
= 100%
4. In a shop, the profit is 320% of the cost. If the cost increases by 25% but the selling price remains constant, find out approximately what percentage of the selling price is
the profit?
A. 250%
B. 100%
C. 70%
D. 30%

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
\begin{align} &\text{Let the CP = 100} \\ \\ &Profit = \dfrac{320}{100} \times 100 = 320 \\\\ &SP = CP + Profit = 100 + 320 = 420 \\ \\ \\ &\text{If the cost increases by 25%, New CP}
5. A vendor bought bananas at 6 for a rupee. How many for a rupee must he sell to gain 20%?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
CP of 6 bananas = 1
Gain = 20%
SP of 6 bananas = 1
120 12
=
100 10
The number of bananas he should sell for Rs.1 for a gain of 20% =
10
10
6=
=5
12
2
6. The percentage profit earned by selling an item for Rs. 1920 is equal to the percentage loss incurred by selling the same item for Rs. 1280. At what price should the item be
sold to make 25% profit?
A. Insufficient Data
B. Rs. 3000
C. Rs. 2000
D. Rs. 2200

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let CP = x
Percentage profit earned by selling an item for Rs. 1920
=
SP CP
CP
1920 x
100
x
100
Percentage loss incurred by selling the same item for Rs. 1280
=
CP SP
CP
x 1280
100
x
100
Given that Percentage profit earned by selling an item for Rs. 1920 =
Percentage loss incurred by selling the same item for Rs. 1280
1920 x
x 1280
100 =
100
x
x
1920 x
x 1280
=
x
x
1920 x = x 1280
2x = 1920 + 1280 = 3200
3200
2
x=
= 1600
Required Selling Price = CP

= 1600
125
100
125
5
= 1600
100
4
= 400 5 = 2000
7. An exporter expects a gain of 22.5% on his cost price. If in a week, his sale was of Rs. 392, what was his profit?
A. Insufficient Data
B. Rs. 80
C. Rs. 90
D. Rs. 72

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
SP = 392
Gain = 22.5%
CP =
=
100
100
100
SP =
392 =
392
100 + 22.5
122.5
100 + Gain%
1000
40
40
392 =
392 =
56 = 40 8 = 320
1225
49
7
Profit = SP CP = 392 320 = 72
8. A man buys a scooter for Rs. 1400 and sells it at a loss of 15%. What is the selling price of the scooter?
A. Rs. 1240
B. Rs. 1190
C. Rs. 1090
D. Rs. 1130

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
SP = 1400
85
= 14 85 = 1190
100
9. Murali purchased 20 dozens of toys at the rate of Rs. 375 per dozen. He sold each one of them at the rate of Rs. 33. Find out his profit percentage.
A. 3.5
B. 5.6
C. 4.1
D. 3.4

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
CP of 1 toy =
375
12
SP of 1 toy = 33
Profit = SP CP = 33
375
12
P rofit
Profit% =
100 =
CP
= (33
375
)
12
375
12
(33
100
12
4
1) 100 = (33
1) 100
375
125
7
7
28
3
100 = 4 =
= 5 % = 5.6%
125
5
5
5
10. Some items were bought at 6 items for Rs. 5 and sold at 5 items for Rs. 6. What is the gain percentage?
1
3
A.
44%
B.
33
C.
31
2
3
D.
30%

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
CP of 1 item =
5
6
SP of 1 item =
6
5
6 5
SP CP
36
5 6
Gain% =
100 =
100 = (
1) 100
CP
5
25
6
11
100 = 11 4 = 44
25
11. On selling 17 balls at Rs. 720, there is a loss equal to the cost price of 5 balls. What is the cost price of a ball?
A. Rs. 43
B. Rs. 60
C. Rs. 55
D. Rs. 34

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Loss = (CP of 17 balls) - (SP of 17 balls) = (CP of 17 balls) 720
Given that Loss = (CP of 5 balls)
=> (CP of 17 balls) - 720 = (CP of 5 balls)
=> (CP of 17 balls) - (CP of 5 balls) = 720
=> CP of 12 balls = 720
=> CP of 1 ball =
720
= 60
12
12. When an item is sold for Rs. 18,700, the owner loses 15%. At what price should that plot be sold to get a gain of 15%?
A. Rs. 25100
B. Rs. 24200
C. Rs. 25300
D. Rs. 21200

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
When an item is sold for Rs. 18,700, the owner loses 15%
SP = 18700 and Loss = 15%
CP =
100
100
100
SP =
18700 =
18700
100 15
85
100 Loss%
To get a gain of 15%, SP =
100 + Gain%
100 + 15
115
CP =
CP =
CP
100
100
100
115 100
115
23
18700 =
18700 =
18700
100
85
85
17
= 23 1100 = 25300
13. 100 oranges were bought at the rate of Rs. 350 and sold at the rate of Rs. 48 per dozen. What is the percentage of profit or loss?
2
% Loss
7
2
C. 14
% Profit
7
A.
11

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
1
% Profit
7
2
D. 14
% Loss
7
B.
11
CP of 100 oranges = 350

CP of 1 orange =
350
= 3.5
100
SP of 12 oranges = 48
SP of 1 orange =
Profit% =
=
48
=4
12
SP CP
4 3.5
.5
100 =
100 =
100
CP
3.5
3.5
1
100
2
100 =
= 14
7
7
7
14. A shopkeeper sells one radio for Rs. 840 at a gain of 20% and another for Rs. 960 at a loss of 4%. What is his total gain or loss percentage?
5%
12
C. 6
%
17
6%
15
D. 5
%
17
A.
B.

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
SP of 1st Radio = 840

Gain = 20%
CP of 1st Radio =
100
(100 + Gain%)
SP =
100
840 = 100 7 = 700
(100 + 20)
SP =
100
960 = 100 10 = 1000
(100 4)
SP of 2nd Radio = 960

Loss = 4%
CP of 2nd Radio =
100
(100 Loss%)
Total CP = 700 + 1000 = 1700

Total SP = 840 + 960 = 1800
Total Gain = SP CP = 1800 1700 = 100
Gain% =
Gain
100
100
15
100 =
100 =
=5
CP
1700
17
17
15. A trader mixes 26 kg of rice at Rs. 20 per kg with 30 kg of rice of other variety at Rs. 36 per kg and sells the mixture at Rs. 30 per kg. What is his profit percentage?
A. 6%
B. 5%
C. 4%
D. 7%

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
CP of 1st variety rice = 20

CP of 2nd variety rice = 36
CP of the 56 kg rice mixture = (26 20 + 30 36) = 520 + 1080 = 1600
SP of the 1 kg rice mixture = 30

SP of the 56 kg rice mixture = 30 56 = 1680
Gain = SP CP = 1680 1600 = 80

Gain% =
Gain
80
100
100 =
100 =
= 5%
CP
1600
20
16. If a material is sold for Rs.34.80, there is a loss of 25%. Find out the cost price of the material?
A. Rs.46.40
B. Rs.44
C. Rs.42
D. Rs.47.20

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
SP = 34.80
Loss = 25%
CP =
100
(100 Loss%)
SP =
100
100
34.80 =
34.80
75
(100 25)
4 34.80
= 4 11.60 = 46.40
3
17. A fruit seller sells apples at the rate of Rs.9 per kg and thereby loses 20%. At what price per kg, he should have sold them to make a profit of 5%?
A. 11.32
B. 11
C. 12
D. 11.81

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
SP = 9
Loss = 20%
CP =
100
(100 Loss%)
SP =
5
9
4
to make a profit of 5%, SP =

=
100
100
9 =
9
80
(100 20)
(100 + 5)
100 + Gain%
CP =
CP
100
100
105 5
105 5
21 5
21 1
189
9 =
9 =
9 =
9 =
= 11.81
100 4
100 4
20 4
4
4
16
18. A trader gives 12% additional discount on the discounted price, after giving an initial discount of 20% on the labeled price of an item. The final sale price of the item is
Rs.704. Find out the labeled price?
A. 1000
B. 2000
C. 1200
D. 920

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the labeled price = x

SP = 704
Initial Discount = 20%
Price after initial discount = x
80
100
Additional discount = 12%

Price after additional discount = x
80
88
100 100
But Price after additional discount = SP = 704

x
80
88
= 704
100 100
4 22
= 704
5 25
x = 704
25 5
25
= 176
5
22 4
22
= 8 25 5 = 40 25 = 1000
19. A man sells two houses at the rate of Rs.1.995 lakhs each. On one he gains 5% and on the other, he loses 5%. What is his gain or loss percent in the whole transaction?
A. 0.25%.
B. .3%
C. .4%
D. .5%

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
If a person sells two items at the same price; one at a gain of x
% and another at a
loss of x %, then the seller always incurs a loss expressed as
Loss% = (
Common Loss and Gain%

10
So in this case, he will have a loss. Loss% = (

1
=( )
2
=(
x
)
10
5
)
10
1
= ( ) = .25
4
20. John purchased a machine for Rs. 80,000. After spending Rs.5000 on repair and Rs.1000 on transport he sold it with 25% profit. What price did he sell the machine?
A. Rs.107000.
B. Rs.107500.
C. Rs.108500.
D. None of these

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
CP = 80, 000 + 5000 + 1000 = 86000

P rofit = 25%
SP =
=
(100 + Gain%)
100
CP =
(100 + 25)
86000
100
125
5
86000 = 86000 = 5 21500 = 107500
100
4
21. By selling an item for Rs.15, a trader loses one sixteenth of what it costs him. The cost price of the item is
A. Rs.14
B. Rs.15
C. Rs.16
D. Rs.17

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
SP = 15
Loss =
CP
16
Loss = CP SP = CP 15
CP
= CP 15
16
15 CP
= 15
16
CP
=1
16
CP = 16
22. A shopkeeper sells his goods at cost price but uses a weight of 800 gm instead of kilogram weight. What is his profit percentage?
A. 18%
B. 40%
C. 25%
D. 20%

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
If a trader professes to sell his goods at cost price, but uses
false weights, then
Gain% = [
Error
(True Value Error)
So here profit percentage = [
=[
100] %
200
100] %
(1000 200)
200
100] % = 25%
800
23. Prasanth bought a car and paid 10 % less than the original price. He sold it with 30% profit on the price he had paid. What percentage of profit did he earn on the original
price?
A. 17%
B. 16%
C. 18%
D. 14%

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the original price = 100

Then the price at which he purchased (CP) = 90% of 100 = 90
P rofit = 30%
SP =
=
(100 + P rofit%)
100
CP =
(100 + 30)
90
100
130
90 = 13 9 = 117
100
(117 100)
100 = 17%
100
Required % =
24. If a seller reduces the selling price of an item from Rs.400 to Rs.380, his loss increases by 2%. What is the cost price of the item?
A. 1000
B. 800
C. 1200
D. 1100

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Initial Loss% =
CP 400
100
CP
If the SP is reduced from 400 to 380, Loss% =
CP 380
100
CP
It is given that If the SP is reduced from 400 to 380, Loss% increases by 2
CP 380
CP 400
100
100 = 2
CP
CP
(CP 380) (CP 400) =

20 =
2 CP
100
2 CP
100
CP =
20 100
= 1000
2
25. A trader keeps the marked price of an item 35% above its cost price. The percentage of discount allowed to gain 8% is
A. None
B. 30%
C. 25%
D. 20%

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the Cost Price (CP) = 100

Then Market Price =
100 135
= 135
100
If he wants to gain 8%, SP =

Discount % =
(100 + Gain%)
100
CP =
(100 + 8)
100 = 108
100
(135 108)
2700
100 =
= 20
135
135
26. Arun bought a computer with 15% discount on the labeled price. He sold the computer for Rs.2880 with 20% profit on the labeled price. At what price did he buy the
computer?
A. Rs.3000
B. Rs.2080
C. Rs.2040
D. Rs.2000

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
SP = 2880
Arun sold the computer with 20% profit on the Labeled Price
2880 =
120 Labeled Price

100
Labeled Price =
(2880 100)
28800 9600
=
=
= 2400
120
12
4
Arun bought a computer with 15% discount on the labeled price

Labeled Price 85
100
=> CP =
2400 85
= 24 85 = 2040
100
27. An item was sold for Rs.27.50 with a profit of 10%. If it was sold for Rs.25.75, what would have been the percentage of profit or loss?
A. 3%
B. 2%
C. 4%
D. 5%

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
SP = 27.5
Profit = 10%
CP =
100
(100 + P rofit%)
SP =
100
2750
27.5 =
= 25
110
(100 + 10)
If the item was sold for Rs.25.75,
Gain% =
(25.75 25)
.75
100 =
100 = 3%
25
25
28. If selling price of an article is Rs. 250, profit percentage is 25%. Find the ratio of the cost price and the selling price
A. 5: 3
B. 3 : 5
C. 4 : 5
D. 5 : 4

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
SP = 250
Profit = 25%
CP =
100
(100 + Profit%)
SP =
100
100
250 ==
250 = 200
125
(100 + 25)
Required Ratio = 200 : 250 = 4:5
29. A material is purchased for Rs. 600. If one fourth of the material is sold at a loss of 20% and the remaining at a gain of 10%, Find out the overall gain or loss percentage?
1
%
2
C. 3%
A.
1
%
2
D. 2%
B.

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
CP = 600
Price Received by selling one fourth of the material at a loss of

20%
1
80
600
= 120
4
100
Price Received by remaining material at a gain of 10%
3
110
600
= 495
4
100
SP = 120 + 495 = 615
Profit% =
(SP CP )
(615 600)
15
15 5
1
100 =
100 =
100 =
= =2 %
CP
600
600
6
2
2
30. A shopkeeper buys pencils at 9 for Rs. 16 and sells them at 11 for Rs. 22. Find out his loss or gain percentage?
1
%
2
A.
12
C.
14%
B.
12%
D.
11
2
%
3

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
16
9
22
SP of 1 pencil =
=2
11
CP of 1 pencil =
(SP CP )
Profit% =
100 =
CP
(2
16
)
9
16
9
2
100
1
9
100 =
100 =
= 12 %
16
8
2
9
31. A reduction of 10% in the price of a pen enabled a trader to purchase 9 more for Rs.540. What is the reduced price of the pen?
A. 8
B. 6
C. 5
D. 4

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let price of a pen = x

Number of pens purchased for Rs.540 =
540
x
Price of a pen after the reduction of 10% =
90x 9x
=
100 10
Number of pens purchased for Rs.540 with reduced price =
Additional pens purchased =
540 600
=
9x
x
10
600 540 60
=
x
x
x
Given that Additional pens purchased = 9
60
=9
x
x=
60
9
Reduced price of the pen =
60
90
=6
9
100
32. Sunil purchases two books at Rs.300 each. He sold one book 10% gain and other at 10% loss. What is the total loss or gain in percentage?
A. 10% gain
B. 1% loss
C. No loss or no gain
D. 1% gain

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
CP of two books = 300 + 300 = 600
SP of two books = 300
110
90
300
+ 300
=
(110 + 90) = 3 200 = 600
100
100 100
Total SP = Total CP
Hence No loss or no gain
I mportan t Formu las - Races an d Games of Skill

1. Race
A race is a contest of speed in running, riding, driving, sailing, rowing etc over a particular distance.
2. Race Course
Race course is the ground or path on which contests are conducted.
3. Starting Point
Starting Point is the point from which a race starts.
4. Winning Point (or Goal)
Winning Point (or Goal) is the point where a race finishes.
5. Dead-heat Race
A race is said to be a dead-heat race if all the persons contesting the race reach the winning point
(goal) exactly at the same time.
6. Winner
Winner is the person who first reaches the winning point.
7. Let A and B be tw o contestants in a race. Lets ex am ine som e of the general statem ents and
their m athem atical interpretations.
statem ents
m athem atical interpretations
A beats B by t seconds
A finishes the race t seconds before B finishes.
A gives B a start of t
seconds
A starts t seconds after B starts from the same starting point.
A gives B a start of x
metres
While A starts from the starting point, B starts x meters ahead from the same starting
point at the same time.
To cover a race of 100 metres in this case, A will have to cover 100 metres while B
will have to cover only (100 - x) metres.
Game of 100
A game in which the participant who scores 100 points first wins.
In a game of 100, A can

give B 20 points
While A scores 100 points, B scores only 100-20=80 points.
If A is n times as fast as B and A gives B a start of x meters, then the length of the race course , so
8.
that A and B reaches the winning post at the same time
= x(
n
)
n1
metres
x metre race in t 1 seconds and B in t 2seconds, where t 1 < t 2, then A beats B by a

x
distance
(t 2 t 1 ) metres
t2
If A can run
9.
1. A is 2 13 times as fast as B. If A gives B a start of 80 m, how long should the race course be so that
both of them reach at the same time?
A. 170 metre
B. 150 metre
C. 140 metre
D. 160 metre

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------Speed of A : Speed of B = 73 : 1 = 7 : 3
It means, in a race of 7 m, A gains (7-3)=4 metre
If A needs to gain 80 metre, race should be of
7
80 = 140 metre
4
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------
If A is n times as fast as B and A gives B a start of x meters,

then the length of the race course , so that A and B reaches
the winning post at the same time = x (
n
)
n1
metres
[Read more ...]
Here, n = 2
1 7
=
, x = 80
3 3
Length of the race course = x (

.
= 80
7
3
7
1
3
= 80 (
n
)
n1
7
7
) = 80 ( ) = 20 7 = 140 metre
73
4
2. A can run 224 metre in 28 seconds and B in 32 seconds. By what distance A beat B?
A. 36 metre
B. 24 metre
C. 32 metre
D. 28 metre

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Clearly, A beats B by 4 seconds
Now find out how much B will run in these 4 seconds
Distance
224 28
=
=
= 7 m/s
Time taken by B
32
4
Distance covered by B in 4 seconds = Speed time = 7 4 = 28 metre
Speed of B =
i.e., A beat B by 28 metre

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If A can run
where
t1
x metre race in t 1 seconds and B in t 2 seconds,

<
t 2,
x
(t 2 t 1 ) metres
t2
then
beats
by
distance
[Read more ...]

x = 224 metre
t1 = 28 seconds
t2 = 32 seconds
Required distance =
224
224
224
(32 28) =
4 =
= 28 metre
32
32
8
3. In a 100 m race, A can give B 10 m and C 28 m. In the same race B can give C :
A. 20 m
B. 15 m
C. 10 m
D. 25 m

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
----------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
----------------------------------------------------------------"A can give B 10 m".
=> In a 100 m race, while A starts from the starting point, B
starts 10 meters ahead from the same starting point at the
same time.
"A can give C 28 m"
=> In a 100 m race, while A starts from the starting point, C
starts 28 meters ahead from the same starting point at the
same time.
i.e., in a 100-10=90 m race, B can give C 28-10=18 m
=> In a 100 m race, B can give C
18
100 = 20 m
90
----------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
----------------------------------------------------------------"A can give B 10 m".
=> In a 100 m race, A will have to cover 100 m while B will have
to cover only 100-10=90 m.
Similarly, "A can give C 28 m"
=> In a 100 m race, A will have to cover 100 m while C will
have to cover only 100-28 = 72 m.
=> When B covers 90 metre, C covers 72 m
=> when B covers 100 metre, C covers
72 100
= 80 metre
90
i.e.,in a 100 m race, B can give C 100-80=20 metre
4. At a game of billiards, A can give B 15 points in 60 and A can give C to 20 points in 60. How many
points can B give C in a game of 90?

A. 22 points
B. 20 points
C. 12 points
D. 10 points

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
-----------------------------------------------------Solution 1
------------------------------------------------------"A can give 15 points to B in 60".
=> In a game of 60, A starts with 0 points where B starts with
15 points
"A can give 20 points to C in 60".
=> In a game of 60, A starts with 0 points where C starts with
20 points
ie, in a game of 60-15-45, B can give C 20-15=5 points
=> ie, in a game of 90, B can give C 52=10 points
-----------------------------------------------------Solution 2
------------------------------------------------------"A can give 15 points to B in 60".
=> In a game of 60, A will have to get 60 points while B will
have to get only 60-15=45 points
"A can give 20 points to C in 60".
=> In a game of 60, A will have to get 60 points while C will
have to get only 60-20=40 points
i.e., when B scores 45 points, C scores 40 points..
when B scores 90 points, C scores
40 90
= 80 points
45
i.e.,in a game of 90, B can give C 90-80=10 points
5. In a 500 m race, the ratio of the speeds of two contestants A and B is 3 : 4. A has a start of 140 m.
Then, A wins by:
A. 60 m
B. 20 m
C. 40 m
D. 10 m

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
To reach the winning point , A will have to cover a distance of
500 - 140= 360 metre
ratio of the speeds of two contestants A and B is 3 : 4
i.e., when A covers 3 metre, B covers 4 metre.
=> When A covers 360 metre, B covers
4
360 = 480 metre.
3
Remaining distance B have to cover = 500-480= 20 metre

=> A wins by 20 metre
6. In a race of 200 m, A can beat B by 31 m and C by 18 m. In a race of 350 m, C will beat B by:
A. 20.25 m
B. 21.5 m
C. 22.75 m
D. 25 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
It means, when A convers 200 m, B covers only (200-31)=169
m
and C covers only (200-18)=182 m
=> When C covers 182 m, B covers 169 m
=> When C covers 350 m, B covers
169
350 = 325 m
182
Hence, C beats B by 350-325 = 25 metre
7. A can run 22.5 m while B runs 25 m. In a kilometre race B beats A by:

A. 102 m
B. 100 m
C. 75 m
D. 112.5 m

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
when B runs 25 m, A runs 22.5 m
=> When B runs 1000 metre, A runs
22.5
1000 = 900 m
25
=> When B runs 1 kilometre, A runs 900 m

Hence, in a kilometre race, B beats A by
(1 kilometre - 900 metre) = (1000 metre - 900 metre) = 100
metre
8. In a 100 m race, A can beat B by 25 m and B can beat C by 4 m. In the same race, A can beat C by:
A. 21 m
B. 28 m
C. 26 m
D. 29 m

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
When A covers 100 m, B covers (100-25)=75 m
When B covers 100 m, C covers (100-4)=96 m
=> When B covers 75 metre, C covers
96
75 = 72 m
100
i.e., When A cov ers 100 m , B covers 75 m and C cov ers 72

m
=> In a 100 m race, A beat C by (100-72)=28 m
9. In a 300 m race A beats B by 22.5 m or 6 seconds. B's time over the course is:
A. None of these
B. 80 sec
C. 76 sec
D. 86 sec

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
B runs 22.5 m in 6 seconds
=> B runs 300 m in
6
300 = 80 seconds
22.5
i.e., B's time over the course = 80 seconds
10. A and B take part in 100 m race. A runs at 5 kmph. A gives B a start of 8 m and still beats him by 8
seconds. The speed of B is:
A. 4.4 kmph
B. 4.25 kmph
C. 4.14 kmph
D. 5.15 kmph

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
5
25
=
m/s
18 18
distance
100
Time taken by A to cover 100 m =
=
speed
25
( )
18
Speed of A = 5 kmph = 5
= 72 seconds
It is given that, A gives B a start of 8 m and still beats him by 8

seconds.
=> B takes (72+8)=80 seconds to cover (100-8)=92 metre
Speed of B =
distance
92
92 18
=
m/s =
kmph = 4.14 kmph

time
80
80
5
11. A runs 1 23 times as fast as B. If A gives B a start of 80 m, how far must the winning post be so that
A and B might reach it at the same time?
A. 200 m
B. 270 m
C. 300 m
D. 160 m

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Speed of A : Speed of B = 53 : 1 = 5 : 3
i.e., In a race of 5 m, A runs 5 m and B runs 3 m
i.e., A gains 2 m over B in a race of 5 m
=> A gains 80 m over B in a race of
5
80 = 200 m
2
Hence, winning point should be 200 m away from the starting

point.
12. In a game of 100 points, A can give B 20 points and C 28 points. Then, B can give C:
A. 40 points
B. 10 points
C. 14 points
D. 8 points

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
In a game of 100 points, A scores 100 points, B scores (10020)=80 points and
C scores (100-28)=72 points
i.e., when B scores 80 points, C scores 72 points
=> When B scores 100 points, C scores
72
100 = 90 points
80
i.e., In a game of 100 points, B can give C (100-90)=10 points
13. In 100 m race, A covers the distance in 36 seconds and B in 45 seconds. In this race A beats B by:
A. 9 m
B. 25 m
C. 22.5 m
D. 20 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
In 100 m race, A covers the distance in 36 seconds and B in 45
seconds.
Clearly, A beats B by (45-36)=9 seconds
Speed of B =
Distance
100
=
m/s
Time
45
Distance Covered by B in 9 seconds = Speed Time =
100
9 = 20 metre
45
i.e., A beats B by 20 metre
14. In a 100 m race, A beats B by 10 m and C by 13 m. In a race of 180 m, B will beat C by:
A. 5.4 m
B. 5 m
C. 4.5 m
D. 6 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
While A runs 100 m, B runs (100-10)=90 m and C runs (10013)=87 m
i.e., when B runs 90 m, C runs 87 m
=> when B runs 180 m, C runs
87
180= 174 m
90
Hence, in a 180 m race, B will beat C by (180-174)=6 m
15. In a 200 metres race A beats B by 35 m or 7 seconds. A's time over the course is:
A. 33 sec
B. 40 sec
C. 47 sec
D. None of these

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
B runs 35 m in 7 sec.
=> B runs 200 m in
7
200 = 40 seconds
35
Since A beats B by 7 seconds, A runs 200 m in (40-7) = 33

seconds
Hence, A's time over the course = 33 seconds
16. A, B and C are the three contestants in one km race. If A can give B a start of 40 metres and A can
give C a start of 64 metres. How many metres start can B give C?
A. None of these
B. 20 m
C. 25 m
D. 35 m

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
While A covers 1000 m, B covers (1000-40)=960 m and C
covers (1000-64)=936 m
i.e., when B covers 960 m, C covers 936 m
When B covers 1000 m, C covers
936
1000 = 975 m
960
i.e., B can give C a start of (1000-975) = 25 m
17. In a game of 90 points A can give B 15 points and C 30 points. How many points can B give C in a
game of 100 points?
A. 140
B. 20
C. 300
D. 50

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
While A scores 90 points, B scores (90-15)=75 points and C
scores (90-30)= 60 points
i.e., when B scores 75 points, C scores 60 points
=> When B scores 100 points, C scores
60
100 = 80 points
75
i.e., in a game of 100 points, B can give C (100-80)=20 points
18. In a 100 metres race. A runs at a speed of 2 metres per seconds. If A gives B a start of 4 metres and
still beats him by 10 seconds, find the speed of B.
A. 1.6 m/sec.
B. 4 m/sec.
C. 2.6 m/sec.
D. 1 m/sec.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Speed of A = 2 m/s
Time taken by A to run 100 m
distance
100
=
= 50 seconds
speed
2
A gives B a start of 4 metres and still A beats him by 10

seconds
=> B runs (100-4)=96 m in (50+10)=60 seconds
Speed of B =
distance
96
=
= 1.6 m/s
time
60
19. P runs 1 km in 3 minutes and Q in 4 minutes 10 secs. How many metres start can P give Q in 1
kilometre race, so that the race may end in a dead heat?
A. 210 metre
B. 180 metre
C. 220 metre
D. 280 metre

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
P run 1 km in 3 minutes
Q run 1 km in 4 minutes 10 secs
25
minutes
6
6
18
=> Q runs (1
3) =
= 0.72 km in 3 minutes
25
25
=> Q runs 1 km in
Hence, in a 1 km race, P can give Q (1 - 0.72)=0.28 km = 280

metre
20. A runs 1 38 times As fast as B. If A gives B a start of 90 m and they reach the goal at the same time.
The goal is at a distance of
A. 330 m
B. 440 m
C. 120 m
D. 280 m

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Speed of A : Speed of B = 118: 1 = 11 : 8
Let Speed of A = 11k
and Speed of B = 8k
Let the distance to the goal = x
Time taken by A = time taken by B
Distance travelled by A
Speed of A
x
x 90
=
11k
8k
x
x 90
=
11
8
Distance travelled by B
Speed of B
8x = 11x 990
3x = 990
x = 330
Distance to the goal = 330 metre
21. Two boys A and B run at 4 15 and 8 km an hour respectively. A having 150 m start and the course
being 1 km, B wins by a distance of
A. 325 m
B. 60 m
C. 120 m
D. 275 m

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
A has a start of 150 m. So A has to run 1000-150=850 metre
while B has to run 1000 metre.
Speed of A = 4
1
21
21
5
21 7
km/hr =
km/hr =
=
=
m/s
5
5
5
18 18 6
Speed of B = 8 km/hour = 8
5
20
=
m/s
18
9
Time taken by B to travel 1000 metre =
distance
1000
=
= 450 second
Speed of B
20
( )
9
Distance travelled by A by this time = time speed of A = 450
7
= 525 metre
6
Hence, A win by 850-525=325 metre
22. In a 100 metres race, A can beat B by 10 metres and B can beat C by 5 metres. In the same race, A
can beat C by
A. 14.5 metre
B. 14 metre
C. 15.5 metre
D. 15 metre

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
While A runs 100 metre, B runs 100-10=90 metre
While B runs 100 metre, C runs (100-5)=95 metre
=> While B runs 90 metre, C run
95
95 9
90 =
= 85.5 metre
100
10
ie, when A run 100 metre, B run 90 metre and C run 85.5 metre
Hence, A beat C by (100-85.5)= 14.5 metre
23. X, Y and Z are the three contestants in one km race. If X can give Y a start of 52 metres and X can
also give Z a start of 83 metres, how many metres start Y can give Z?
A. 33.3 m
B. 33 m
C. 32 m
D. 32.7 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
While X runs 1000 metre, Y runs (1000-52)=948 metre and Z

runs (1000-83)=917 metre
i.e., when Y runs 948 metre, Z runs 917 metre
=> When Y runs 1000 metre, Z runs
917
1000 = 967.30 metre
948
i.e., Y can give Z (1000-967.30) = 32.7 metre
24. In a race of 600 m. A can beat B by 60 m and in a race of 500 m. B can beat C by 50 m. By how many
metres will A beat C in a race of 400 m?
A. 76 metre
B. 74 metre
C. 72 metre
D. 78 metre

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
While A runs 600 m, B runs (600-60)=540 metre
=>While A runs 400 m, B runs
540
400 = 360 metre
600
While B runs 500 m, C runs (500-50)=450 metre
=>While B runs 360 m, C runs
450
360 = 324 metre
500
i.e., When A runs 400 metre, B runs 360 metre and C runs 324
metre.
Hence, A beats C by (400-324)=76 metre in a race of 400 m
25. A can run 220 metres in 41 seconds and B in 44 seconds. By how many seconds will B win if he has 30
metres start?
A. 8 sec
B. 4 sec
C. 2.5 sc
D. 3 sec

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
B has a start of 30 metre
=> A has to run 220 metre and B has to run (220-30)=190

metre
Given that A takes 41 seconds to cover this 220 metre
B takes 44 seconds to cover 220 metre
44
seconds to cover 1 metre
220
44
4
=> B takes
190 =
190 = 38 seconds to cover 190 metre
220
20
=> B takes
i.e., A beats B by (41-38)= 3 seconds
26. In one km race A beats B by 4 seconds or 40 metres. How long does B take to run the kilometer?
A. 112 sec
B. 110 sec
C. 101 sec
D. 100 sec

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
This means, B takes 4 seconds to run 40 metres
4
1
=
seconds to run 1 metre
40 10
1
=> B takes
1000 = 100 seconds to run 1000 metre
10
=> B takes
27. In a game, A can give B 20 points, A can give C 32 points and B can give C 15 points. How many
points make the game?
A. 120 points
B. 90 points
C. 80 points
D. 100 points

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let x points make the game
A can give B 20 points, A can give C 32 points
=> When A scores x points, B scores (x -20) points and C
scores (x -32) points
B can give C 15 points

=> When B scores x points, C scores (x-15) points
(x 15)
points
x
(x 20)(x 15)
=> When B scores (x-20) point, C scores
x
=> When B scores 1 point, C scores
i.e., (x 32) =
points
(x 20)(x 15)
x
x(x 32) = (x 20)(x 15)

x 2 32x = x 2 35x + 300
32x = 35x + 300
3x = 300
x = 100
i.e., 100 points make the game
28. In a game A can give B 20 points in 60 and C 18 points in 90. How many points can C give B in a game
of 120?
A. 20 points
B. 22 points
C. 18 points
D. 40 points

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
A can give C 18 points in 90
=> While A scores 90 points, C scores (90-18)=72 points
90
points, C scores 1 point.
72
90
90
=> While A scores
120 =
10 = 150 points, C scores 120 point.
72
6
=> While A scores
A can give B 20 points in 60

=> While A scores 60 points, B scores (60-20)=40 points
40 2
=
points
60 3
2
=> While A scores 150 points, B scores 150 = 100 points
3
=> While A scores 1 point, B scores
i.e., while C scores 120 points, B scores 100 points

Hence, in a 120 race, C can give B (120-100)=20 points
29. In a km race A can beat B by 100 m and B can beat C by 60 m. In the same race A can beat C by
A. 144 m
B. 164 m
C. 144 m
D. 154 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
In a km race A can beat B by 100 m
=> While A run 1000 m, B run (1000-100)=900 m
In a km race B can beat C by 60 m
=> While B runs 1000 m, C runs (1000-60)=940 m
940
m
1000
940
=> While B runs 900 m, C runs
900 = 94 9 = 846 m
1000
=> While B run 1 m, C run
i.e., while A run 1000 m, C run 846 m

Hence, A can beat C by (1000-846)= 154 m
30. In a flat race, A beats B by 15 metres and C by 29 metres. When B and C run over the course
together, B wins by 15 metres. Find the length of the course
A. 225 m
B. 125 m
C. 220 m
D. 256 m

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let x be the length of the course
A beats B by 15 metres and C by 29 metres

=> When A r uns x m etre, B runs (x-15) m etre and C runs
(x-29) m etre
When B and C run over the course together, B wins by 15
metres
=> when B runs x metre, C run (x-15) metre
=> when B runs 1 metre, C run
x 15
metre
x
(x 15)
x 15
=> when B runs (x-15) metre, C run
(x 15) =
x
x
(x 15)
i.e., (x 29) =
x
x 2 29x = x 2 30x + 225

29x = 30x + 225
x = 225
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metre
31. A and B run a km race. If A gives B a start of 50 m, A wins by 14 sec and if A gives B a start of 22
sec, B wins by 20 m. The time taken by A to run a km is
A. 125 sec
B. 120 sec
C. 105 sec
D. 100 sec

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let time taken by A to run 1000 m = a
and time taken by B to run 1000 m = b
If A gives B a start of 50 m, A wins by 14 sec
distance travelled by A = 1000
distance travelled by B = (1000-50)=950
Time taken by B to run 950 m - Time taken by A to run 1000 m
= 14 sec
950
b a = 14
1000
95
b a = 14---(Equation 1)
100
If A gives B a start of 22 sec, B wins by 20 m
i.e., A starts 22 seconds after B starts from the same starting
point.
i.e., here B runs for b seconds where A runs for (b-22) seconds
=> Distance Covered by B in b seconds - Distance Covered by
A in (b-22) seconds = 20
=> 1000
1000
(b 22) = 20
a
1000
(b 22) = 980
a
1000b 22000 = 980a
100b 2200 = 98a
50b 1100 = 49a
50b 49a = 1100---(Equation 2)
(Equation 1) 49
95 49
b 49a = 14 49
100
46.55b 49a = 686---(Equation 3)

(Equation 2) - (Equation 3) 3.45b = 414
b=
414
= 120 seconds
3.45
Substituting this value of b in Equation 1
95 120
a = 14
100
114 a = 14
a = 114 14 = 100
i.e., The time taken by A to run a km = 100 seconds
32. A can run a kilometre in 4 min 54 sec and B in 5 min. How many metres start can A give B in a km race
so that the race may end in a dead heat?
A. 25 m
B. 20 m
C. 15 m
D. 10 m

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
i.e., in this race, A will win by (5 min - 4 min 54 sec) = (300 sec
- 294 sec) = 6 sec
B covers 1000 m in 5 min
=> B covers 1000 m in 300 sec
1000 10
=
m in 1 sec
300
3
10
=> B covers
6 = 20 m in 6 sec
3
=> B covers
i.e., A can give B a start of 20 metre so that the race will end
in a dead heat.
33. A runs 1 13 as fast as B. If A gives B a start of 30 metres. How far must be the wining post, so that
the race ends in a dead heat?
A. 100 m
B. 110 m
C. 140 m
D. 120 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the distance to the winning point = x
Speed of A : Speed of B = 4/3 : 1
Let Speed of A = 4k/3
Speed of B = k
A gives B a start of 30 metres
=> A run x metres and B run (x-30)metres
Time taken by A =
Distance run by A
Speed of A
Time taken by B =
Distance run by B
Speed of B
x
4k
( )
3
x 30
=
k
For the race to be a a dead-heat race, Time taken by A = Time

taken by B
x
4k
( )
3
x
4
( )
3
x 30
k
= x 30
3x = 4x 120
x = 120
i.e., the distance to the winning point = 120 metre
34. A can run 15 metres while B runs 20 metres. In a km race B beats A by

A. 200 metres
B. 100 metres
C. 220 metres
D. 250 metres

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
A can run 15 metres while B runs 20 metres
15
metres while B runs 1 metre
20
15
A can run
1000 = 750 metres while B runs 1000 metres
20
A can run
i.e., in a 1 km race, B beats A by (1000-750)=250 metres
35. A and B run a 5 km race on a round course of 400 m. If their speeds be in the ratio 5 : 4, how often
does the winner pass the other?
A. 5 times
B. 4 12 times
C. 2 12 times
D. 4 times

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
speeds of A and B are in the ratio 5 : 4
=> when A covers 5 metre, B covers 4 metre

i.e., when A covers 5 metre, A gains 1 metre over B
=> when A covers 5 400 = 2000 metre, A gains 400 metre
over B.
i.e., when A covers 2000 metre, the winner pass the other 1
time.
=> when A covers 5000 metre, the winner pass the other
5000
1
= 2 times
2000
2
36. In a 100 m race, A runs at 6 km/hr. A gives B a start of 4 m and still beats him by 4 sec. Find the
speed of B.
A. 4.6 km/hr
B. 5.6 km/hr
C. 4.4 km/hr
D. 5.4 km/hr

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
5
5
=
m/s
18 3
distance
100
Time taken by A =
=
= 60 sec
speed
5
( )
3
Speed of A = 6 km/hr = 6
A gives B a start of 4 m
i.e., B has to cover (100-4)=96 metre
A beats B by 4 sec
=> Time taken by B to run the race = 60 + 4 = 64 sec
Speed of B =
Page 1
Distance
96
96 18
=
m/s =
= 5.4 km/hr
time
64
64
5
Page 2
1. Insert the missing number. 12, 25, 49, 99, 197, 395, (...)
A. 789
B. 1579
C. 722
D. 812

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Each number is twice the previous one with 1 added or
subtracted alternatively.
2.Insert the missing number. 34, 7, 37, 14, 40, 28, 43, (...)
A. 31
B. 42
C. 46
D. 56

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
We have two series here
34, 37, 40, 43, ... (Increase by 3)
7, 14, 28, ... (Multiply by 2)
Hence, next term is 28 2 = 56
3. Find the missing number. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, (....)

A. 64
B. 54
C. 56
D. 81

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
The series is 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, ...
Hence, next term = 82 = 64
4. Insert the missing number. 2, 7, 10, 22, 18, 37, 26
A. 42
B. 52
C. 46
D. 62

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
There are two series here
2, 10, 18, 26, ... (Increase by 8)
7, 22, 37, ... (Increase by 15)
Hence, next term is 37+15 = 52
5.
4, 12, 48, 240, 1440, (...)
A. 7620
B. 10080
C. 6200
D. 10020

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Go on multiplying the given numbers by 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
6.
2, 3, 6, 0, 10, -3, 14, (...)
A. 6
B. 2
C. -2
D. -6

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
There are two series
2, 6, 10, 14, ... (Adding 4)
3, 0, -3, ... (Subtracting 3)
Hence, next term is -3 - 3 = -6
7.
5, 10, 13, 26, 29, 58, 61, (....)
A. 128
B. 64
C. 125
D. 122

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Numbers are alternatively multiplied by 2 and increased by 3
5 2 = 10
10 + 3 = 13
13 2 = 26
26 + 3 = 29
29 2 = 58
58 + 3 = 61
61 2 = 122
8.
1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, (....)
A. 354
B. 392
C. 343
D. 245

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
The pattern is 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, etc
Hence, next number is 73 = 343
9.
4, 5, 7, 11, 19, (...)
A. 22
B. 35
C. 27
D. 32

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
4
4 2 - 3 =5
5 2 - 3 =7
7 2 - 3 = 11
11 2 - 3 = 19
19 2 - 3 = 35
10.
23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, (...)
A. 53
B. 47
C. 48
D. 59

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
All are prime numbers in their order, starting from 23
Hence, next number is 47
11.
8, 24, 12, 36, 18, 54, (....)
A. 27
B. 68
C. 108
D. 72

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
8 3 = 24
24 2 = 12
12 3 = 36
36 2 = 18
18 3 = 54
54 2 = 27
12.
7, 26, 63, 124, 215, 342, (....)
A. 481
B. 391
C. 511
D. 421

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
The series is (23 - 1), (33 - 1), (43 - 1), (53 - 1), (63 - 1), (73-
1), ...
Hence, next number is (83 - 1) = 511
13.
2, -6, 18, -54, 162, (...)
A. 486
B. -486
C. 422
D. -428

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
2 -3 = -6
-6 -3 = 18
18 -3 = -54
-54 -3 = 162
162 -3 = -486
14.
2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, (...)
A. 61
B. 72
C. 64
D. 70

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
The pattern is 12, 23, 34, 45, 56, 67, 78.
Hence, next number is 89 = 72
15.
8, 12, 18, 27, 40.5, (...)
A. 60.75
B. 62
C. 58
D. 60.5

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
8
(83) 2 = 12
(123) 2 = 18
(183) 2 = 27
(273) 2 = 40.5
(40.53) 2 = 60.75
16.
196, 144, 100, 64, 36, ?
A. 16
B. 8
C. 18
D. 12

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
The patter is 142, 122, 102, 82, 62, ...
So next number is 42 = 16
17.
2, 3, 5, 16, 231, ?
A. 62005
B. 52120
C. 422
D. 53105

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
2
3
32 - 22 = 5
52 - 32 = 16
162 - 52 = 231
2312 - 162 = 53105
18.
279936, 46656, 7776, 1296, 216, ?
A. 60
B. 46
C. 36
D. 66

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Go on dividing by 6 to the next number
19.
220, 218, 214, 208, 200, 190, ?
A. 166
B. 178
C. 182
D. 190

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
220
220
218
214
208
200
190
20.
2 = 218
4 = 214
6 = 208
8 = 200
10 = 190
12 = 178
12, 38, 116, 350, 1052, ?
A. 1800
B. 2200
C. 2800
D. 3158

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
12
12 3 + 2 = 38
38 3 + 2 = 116
116 3 + 2 = 350
350 3 + 2 = 1052
1052 3 + 2 = 3158
21.
9, 35, 91, 189, 341, ?
A. 502
B. 521
C. 559
D. 611

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
13 + 23 = 9
23 + 33 = 35
33 + 43 = 91
43 + 53 = 189
53 + 63 = 341
63 + 73 = 559
22.
78, 64, 48, 30, 10, (...)
A. -12
B. -14
C. 2
D. 8

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
78
64
48
30
10
23.
14
16
18
20
22
= 64
= 48
= 30
= 10
= -12
16384, 8192, 2048, 256, 16, ?
A. 1
B. 8
C. 2
D. 0.5

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Terms are continuously divided by 2,4,8,16, and so on
16384
16384 2 = 8192
8192 4 = 2048
2048 8 = 256
256 16 = 16
16 32 = 0.5
24.
46080, 3840, 384, 48, 8, 2, ?
A. 1
B. 164
C. 18
D. None of these

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
46080 12 = 3840
3840 10 = 384
384 8 = 48
48 6 = 8
8 4 =2
2 2 =1
25.
7, 21, 63, 189, 567, ?
A. 1521
B. 1609
C. 1307
D. 1701

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Multiply a term with 3 to get the next term
26.
1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, ?
A. 0.015625
B. 0.03125
C. 0.0078125
D. None of these

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Divide by 2 to get the next term
27.
Complete the series 20, 19, 17, ...., 10, 5
A. 15
B. 16
C. 13
D. 14

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
20
19
17
14
10
28.
1
2
3
4
5
= 19
= 17
= 14
= 10
=5
Which fraction will come next,
9
32
9
C.
28
9
30
11
D.
32
A.
1 3 5 7
, , ,
,?
2 4 8 16
B.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Numerators are getting increased by 2. i.e., numerators goes
like 1,3,5,7,...
Hence, next numerator = 7+2 = 9
Denominators are getting multiplied by 2. i.e., denominators
goes like 2,4,8,16,...
Hence, next denominator = 162 = 32
So, the next fraction is
29.
9
32
4, 10, (?), 82, 244, 730
A. 26
B. 28
C. 40
D. 48

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
4 3 - 2 = 10
10 3 - 2 = 28
28 3 - 2 = 82
82 3 - 2 = 244
244 3 - 2 = 730
30.
Complete the series 95, 115.5, 138, ..., 189
A. 160.5
B. 162.5
C. 164.5
D. 166.5

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
95 + 20.5 = 115.5
115.5 + 22.5 = 138
138 + 24.5 = 162.5
162.5 + 26.5 = 189
1. Find the odd man out. 1, 3, 9, 12, 19, 29

A. 12
B. 9
C. 1
D. 3

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
12 is an even number. All other given numbers are odd
2. Find the odd man out. 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 196, 216, 343
A. 64
B. 196
C. 216
D. 1

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
The pattern is 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73.
196 is not a perfect cube
3. Find the odd man out. 15, 25, 30, 51, 85, 90, 115
A. 15
B. 25
C. 51
D. 90

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
All except 51 are multiples of 5
4. Find the odd man out. 24,36,52,72,96

A. 72
B. 52
C. 36
D. 24

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
All except 52 are multiples of 6
A. 386
B. 187
C. 781
D. 682

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
In all numbers except 386, the middle digit is the sum of other
two digits.
A. 48
B. 34
C. 24
D. 12

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
All numbers except 34 are multiples of 4
A. 362
B. 482
C. 551
D. 344

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
In all numbers except 344, the product of first and third digits is
the middle digit.
A. 532
B. 990
C. 633
D. 742

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
In all numbers except 742, the difference of third and first digit
is the middle digit.

A. 29
B. 17
C. 11
D. 1

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
All given numbers except 1 are prime numbers.
One is not a prime number because it does not have two
factors. It is divisible by only 1
10. Find the odd man out. 7,13,19,25,29,37,43

A. 19
B. 29
C. 25
D. 43

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
All given numbers except 25 are prime numbers.
A. 169
B. 51
C. 16
D. 1

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Each of the given numbers except 51 is a perfect square

A. 1
B. 9
C. 17
D. 49

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
The patter is 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72
But, instead of 42, 17 is given
13. Find the odd man out. 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 38, 50, 65
A. 50
B. 38
C. 26
D. 65

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
The pattern is (11)+1 , (22)+1 , (33)+1 , (44)+1 ,
(55)+1 , (66)+1 , (77)+1 , (88)+1
Hence, in place of 38, the right number was (66)+1 = 37
A. 16
B. 46
C. 16
D. 11

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
11 is the only odd number in the given series
A. 1024
B. 512
C. 27
D. 1

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
All given numbers except 1024 are perfect cubes
A. 255
B. 1296
C. 81
D. 1

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
The patter is 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64
Hence, in place of 255, the right digit is 44 = 256
A. 40
B. 30
C. 37
D. 25

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
The difference between two
beginning are 7, 5, 7, 5, 7, 5
successive
terms
Hence, in place of 40, right number is 37+5=42
from the
A. 25
B. 109
C. 46
D. 221

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
To obtain next number, subtract 3 from the previous number
and divide the result by 2
445
(445-3)/2 = 221
(221-3)/2 = 109
(109-3)/2 = 53
(53-3)/2 = 25
(25-3)/2 = 11
(11-3)/2 = 4
Clearly, 53 should have come in place of 46
A. 46
B. 106
C. 510
D. 1050

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
1050
(1050 - 30)/2 = 510
(510 - 26)/2 = 242
(242 - 22)/2 = 110
(110 - 18)/2 = 46
(46- 14)/2 = 16
(16- 10)/2 = 3
Hence, 110 should have come in place of 106

A. 12
B. 9
C. 23
D. 2

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
2
2 +1 =3
3 +2 =5
5 +3 =8
8 + 4 = 12
12 + 5 = 17
17 + 6 = 23
ie, 8 should have come in place of 9
A. 38
B. 158
C. 316
D. 8

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
3
3 2 +2 =8
8 2 + 2 = 18
18 2 + 2 = 38
38 2 + 2 = 78
78 2 + 2 = 158
158 2 + 2 = 318
Hence, 316 is wrong and 318 should have come in place of that
A. 5556
B. 925
C. 185
D. 6

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
5 1 +1 =6
6 2 + 2 = 14
14 3 + 3 = 45
45 4 + 4 = 184
184 5 + 5 = 925
925 6 + 6 = 5556
Hence, it is clear that 184 should have come instead of 185
A. 162
B. 111
C. 52
D. 27

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
23 + 22 = 27
27 + 32 = 36
36 + 42 = 52
52 + 52 = 77
77 + 62 = 113
113 + 72 = 162
Hence, 113 should have come in place of 111
A. 277
B. 271
C. 263
D. 241

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Alternatively 22 is added and 15 is subtracted from the terms.
Hence, 271 is wrong
241
241 + 22 = 263
263 - 15 = 248
248 + 22 = 270
270 - 15 = 255
255 + 22 = 277
277 - 15 = 262
A. 165
B. 142
C. 153
D. 130

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 are added successively.
Hence, 165 is wrong
A. 40
B. 81
C. 320
D. 2560

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Alternatively 2 and 4 are multiplied with the previous terms
5
5 2 = 10
10 4 = 40
40 2 = 80
80 4 = 320
320 2 = 640
640 4 = 2560
Hence, 81 is wrong. 80 should have come in place of 81.
A. 95
B. 45
C. 32
D. 21

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
12 + 9 = 21
21 + 11 = 32
32 + 13 = 45
45 + 15 = 60
60 + 17 = 77
77 + 19 = 96
Hence, 95 is wrong. 96 should have come in place of 95
A. 84375
B. 1120
C. 15
D. 3

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Pattern : 1st * 2nd = 3rd, 2nd * 3rd = 4th, etc.
3
5
3 5 = 15
5 15 = 75
15 75 = 1125
75 1125 = 84375
A. 105
B. 216
C. 888
D. 1784

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
3576
(3576-8)/2 = 1784
(1784-8)/2 = 888
(888-8)/2 = 440
(440-8)/2 = 216
(216-8)/2 = 104
(104-8)/2 = 48
30. Find the odd man out. 30, -5, -45, -90, -145, -195, -255
A. -5
B. -145
C. -255
D. -195

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
30
30 - 35 = -5
-5 - 40 = -45
-45 - 45 = -90
-90 - 50 = -140
-140 - 55 = -195
-195 - 60 = -255
Hence, -145 is wrong. -140 should have come in place of -145
I mportan t Formu las - Simple I n terest

1. Introduction
Money is not free and it costs to borrow the money. Normally, the borrower has to pay an extra amount
in addition to the amount he had borrowed. i.e, To repay the loan, the borrower has to pay the sum
borrowed and the interest.
2. Lender and Borrow er
The person giving the money is called the lender and the person taking the money is the borrower.
3. Principal (sum )
Principal (or the sum) is the money borrowed or lent out for a certain period. It is denoted by P.
4. Interest
Interest is the extra money paid by the borrower to the owner (lender) as a form of compensation for
the use of the money borrowed.
5. Sim ple Interest (SI)
If the interest on a sum borrowed for certain period is calculated uniformly, it is called simple
interest(SI).
6. Am ount (A)
The total of the sum borrowed and the interest is called the amount and is denoted by A
7.
The statement "rate of interest 10% per annum" means that the interest for one year on a sum of
Rs.100 is Rs.10. If not stated explicitly, rate of interest is assumed to be for one year.
Let Principal = P, Rate = R% per annum and Time = T years. Then

8.
Simple Interest,
SI =
PRT
100
From the above formula , we can derive the followings
9.
P=
100 SI
RT
R=
100 SI
PT
T=
100 SI
PR
1. How much time will it take for an amount of Rs. 900 to yield Rs. 81 as interest at 4.5% per annum of
simple interest?
A. 2 years
B. 3 years
C. 1 year
D. 4 years

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
P = Rs.900
SI = Rs.81
T =?
R = 4.5%
T=
100 SI
100 81
=
= 2 years
PR
900 4.5
2. Arun took a loan of Rs. 1400 with simple interest for as many years as the rate of interest. If he paid
Rs.686 as interest at the end of the loan period, what was the rate of interest?
A. 8%
B. 6%
C. 4%
D. 7%

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let rate = R%
Then, Time, T = R years
P = Rs.1400
SI = Rs.686
SI=
PRT
100
686 =
1400 R R
100
686 = 14 R
49 = R 2
R=7
i.e.,Rate of Interest was 7%
3. A sum of money at simple interest amounts to Rs. 815 in 3 years and to Rs. 854 in 4 years. The sum is :
A. Rs. 700
B. Rs. 690
C. Rs. 650
D. Rs. 698

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Simple Interest (SI) for 1 year = 854-815 = 39
Simple Interest (SI) for 3 years = 39 3 = 117
Principal = 815 - 117 = Rs.698
4. A sum fetched a total simple interest of Rs. 929.20 at the rate of 8 p.c.p.a. in 5 years. What is the
sum?
A. Rs. 2323
B. Rs. 1223
C. Rs. 2563
D. Rs. 2353

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
SI = Rs.929.20
P =?
T = 5 years
R = 8%
P=
100 SI
100 929.20
=
= Rs.2323
RT
85
5. Mr. Thomas invested an amount of Rs. 13,900 divided in two different schemes A and B at the simple
interest rate of 14% p.a. and 11% p.a. respectively. If the total amount of simple interest earned in 2
years be Rs. 3508, what was the amount invested in Scheme B?
A. Rs. 6400
B. Rs. 7200
C. Rs. 6500
D. Rs. 7500

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the investment in scheme A be Rs.x
and the investment in scheme B be Rs.(13900 - x)
We know that SI =
PRT
100
Simple Interest for Rs.x in 2 years at 14% p.a. =
x 14 2
28x
=
100
100
Simple Interest for Rs.(13900 - x) in 2 years at 11% p.a. =

Total interest = Rs.3508
28x 22(13900 x)
+
= 3508
100
100
28x + 305800 22x = 350800
6x = 45000
x=
45000
= 7500
6
Investment in scheme B = 13900 - 7500 = Rs.6400
(13900 x) 11 2
100
22(13900 x)
100
46. A four years NSC certificate was purchased for Rs. 500 with Rs. 1000 being the maturity value. Find
the rate of S.I.
A. 24%
B. 22%
C. 16%
D. 25%

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
P = Rs. 500
SI = Rs.500
T =4
R=?
R =
100 SI
100 500
100
=
=
= 25%
PT
500 4
4
47. If simple interest on a certain sum of money for 8 years at 4% per annum is same as the simple
interest on Rs. 560 for 8 years at the rate of 12% per annum then the sum of money is
A. Rs.1820
B. Rs.1040
C. Rs.1120
D. Rs.1680

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the sum of money be x
then
x48
100
560 12 8
100
x 4 8 = 560 12 8
x 4 = 560 12
x = 560 3 = 1680
48. If a sum of money trebles itself in 40 years,what is the rate of interest?
A. 5%
B. 6%
C. 4%
D. None of these

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Let the sum of money be Rs.x
After 40 years, this becomes 3x
Simple Interest = 3x - x = 2x
Simple Interest =
2x =
2=
PRT
100
x R 40
100
R 40
100
200 = 40R
R = 5%
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If a sum of money becomes n times in T years at simple

interest, then the rate of interest per annum can be given be
R=
100(n 1)
%
T
[Read more ...]

n =3
T = 40
R=
100(n 1)
100(3 1)
100 2
100
=
=
=
= 5%
T
40
40
20
6. A person borrows Rs.5000 for 2 years at 4% p.a. simple interest. He immediately lends it to another
person at 614% p.a for 2 years. Find his gain in the transaction per year.
A. Rs. 167.50
B. Rs. 150
C. Rs.225
D. Rs. 112.50

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
----------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------The person borrows Rs. 5000 for 2 years at 4% p.a. simple
interest
Simple interest that he needs to pay =
PRT
5000 4 2
=
= 400
100
100
He also lends it at 614% p.a for 2 years
25
5000
2
PRT
4
Simple interest that he gets =
=
100
100
= 625
His overall gain in 2 years = Rs.625 - Rs.400 = Rs.225
His overall gain in 1 year =
225
= Rs.112.5
2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------The person borrows Rs. 5000 for 2 years at 4% p.a. simple
interest
He also lends it at 614% p.a for 2 years
1
1
% 4% = 2 %
4
4
So his gain in the transaction for 1 year

= The simple interest he gets for Rs.5000 for 1 year at 2 14%
per annum
PRT
=
100
9
1
4
100
5000
= 112.5
7. What will be the ratio of simple interest earned by certain amount at the same rate of interest for 5
years and that for 15 years?
A. 3 : 2
B. 1 : 3
C. 2 : 3
D. 3 : 1

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Let Principal = P
Rate of Interest = R%
PR 5
)
100
Required Ratio =
PR 15
(
)
100
(
5
1
= = 1 :3
15 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Simple Interest =
PRT
100
Here Principal(P) and Rate of Interest (R) are constants

Hence, Simple Interest T
Required Ratio =
Simple Interest for 5 years

Simple Interest for 15 years
T1
5
1
=
= = 1 :3
T2
15 3
8. A sum of money amounts to Rs.9800 after 5 years and Rs.12005 after 8 years at the same rate of
simple interest. The rate of interest per annum is
A. 15%
B. 12%
C. 8%
D. 5%

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Simple Interest for 3 years = (Rs.12005 - Rs.9800) = Rs.2205
Simple Interest for 5 years =
2205
5 = Rs.3675
3
Principal(P) = (Rs.9800 - Rs.3675) = Rs.6125
R=
100 SI
100 3675
=
= 12%
PT
6125 5
9. A certain amount earns simple interest of Rs. 1200 after 10 years. Had the interest been 2% more, how
much more interest would it have earned?
A. Rs. 25
B. None of these
C. Rs. 120
D. Cannot be determined

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Since we do not have the principal and rate of interest, we can
not find out the required details.
10. A man took loan from a bank at the rate of 8% p.a. simple interest. After 4 years he had to pay Rs.
6200 interest only for the period. The principal amount borrowed by him was:
A. Rs.17322
B. Rs.20245
C. Rs.18230
D. Rs.19375

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Principal(P) = ?
Time(T) = 4 years
Simple Interest(SI) = Rs.6200

R = 8%
P=
100 SI
100 6200
=
= Rs.19375
RT
84
11. A sum of Rs. 14,000 amounts to Rs. 22,400 in 12 years at the rate of simple interest. What is the rate of interest?
A. 7%
B. 6%
C. 5%
D. 4%

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Simple Interest for 4 years (SI) = (22400 - 14000) = Rs.8400
R=?
T = 12 years
P = Rs. 14000
R=
100 SI
100 8400
=
= 5%
PT
14000 12
12. A sum of Rs. 725 is lent in the beginning of a year at a certain rate of interest. After 8 months, a sum of Rs. 362.50 more is lent but
at the rate twice the former. At the end of the year, Rs. 33.50 is earned as interest from both the loans. What was the original rate of
interest?
A. 3.46%
B. None of these
C. 4.5%
D. 5%

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the sum of Rs.725 is lent out at rate R% for 1 year
Then, at the end of 8 months, ad additional sum of 362.50 more
is lent out at rate 2R% for remaining 4 months(1/3 year)
Total Simple Interest = 33.50
362.50 2R
725 R 1
=>
100
=>
725 R 1
100
=>
725R 725R
+
= 33.50
100
300
100
1
3
= 33.50
362.50 2R
= 33.50
300
=> 725R (
1
1
) = 33.50
+
100 300
=> 725R (
4
) = 33.50
300
=> 725R 4 = 10050

=> 725R = 2512.5
=> 145R = 502.5
=> R =
502.5
= 3.46%
145
13. An automobile financier claims to be lending money at simple interest, but he includes the interest every six months for calculating the
principal. If he is charging an interest of 10%, the effective rate of interest becomes:
A. None of these
B. 10.25%
C. 10.5%
D. 10%

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let the automobile financier lends Rs.100
1
100 10
PRT
2
Simple Interest for first 6 months =
=
100
100
= Rs. 5
After 6 months, he adds the simple interest to principal

i.e., after 6 months, principal becomes Rs.100 + Rs.5 = Rs.105
1
105 10
PRT
2
Simple Interest for next 6 months =
=
100
100
= Rs. 5.25
Amount at the end of 1 year = Rs.105 + Rs. 5.25 = Rs.110.25

i.e., Effective Simple Interest he gets for Rs.100 for 1 year =
110.25 - 100 = 10.25
i.e, the Effective Rate of Interest = 10.25%
( R =
100 SI
100 10.25
=
= 10.25%)
PT
100 1
14. A lent Rs. 5000 to B for 2 years and Rs. 3000 to C for 4 years on simple interest at the same rate of interest and received Rs. 2200 in
all from both of them as interest. The rate of interest per annum is:
A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 7%
D. 8%

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let the rate of interest per annum be R%
Simple Interest for Rs. 5000 for 2 years at rate R% per annum + Simple Interest for Rs. 3000 for 4 years at rate R% per annum = Rs.2200
5000 R 2
3000 R 4
+
100
100
100R + 120R = 2200
220R = 2200
R = 10
= 2200
i.e, Rate = 10%.
15. What annual payment will discharge a debt of Rs. 6450 due in 4 years at 5% per annum?
A. Rs.1500
B. Rs.1400
C. Rs.1800
D. Rs.1600

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------The amount needs to be repaid in 4 years = Rs.6450
Suppose Rs.x is paid annually to repay this debt
Then, amount paid after 1st year = Rs.x
Interest for this Rs.x for the remaining 3 years =
x53
15x
=
100
100
Then, amount paid after 2nd year = Rs.x
Interest for this Rs.x for the remaining 2 years =
x52
10x
=
100
100
Amount paid after 3rd year = Rs.x
Interest for this Rs.x for the remaining 1 year =
x51
5x
=
100
100
Amount paid after 4th year = Rs.x and this closes the entire
debt
=> x +
15x
10x
5x
+x+
+x+
+ x = 6450
100
100
100
=> 4x +
30x
= 6450
100
=> 4x +
3x
= 6450
10
=> 40x + 3x = 64500

=> 43x = 64500
=> x = 1500
------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2 (using form ula)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
The annual instalment which will discharge a debt of D due in

T years at R% simple interest per annum
100D
RT(T-1)
100T +
2
[Read more ...]
100D
RT(T-1)
100T +
2
645000
645000
=
=
= 1500
400 + 30
430
As per the above formula, the annual payment =
100 6450
5 4 (4 1)
100 4 +
2
16. A lends Rs. 1500 to B and a certain sum to C at the same time at 8% per annum simple interest. If
after 4 years, A altogether receives Rs. 1400 as interest from B and C, then the sum lent to C is
A. Rs.2875
B. Rs.1885
C. Rs.2245
D. Rs.2615

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the sum lent to C be Rs. x
Simple Interest for Rs.1500 at 8% per annum for 4 years
+ Simple Interest for Rs.x at 8% per annum for 4 years =
Rs.1400
1500 8 4
x84
+
100
100
32x
480 +
= 1400
100
32x
= 920
100
920 100
x=
= 2875
32
= 1400
17. A sum of Rs. 10 is given as a loan to be returned in 6 monthly installments at Rs.3. What is the rate of
interest?
A. 820%
B. 620%
C. 780%
D. 640%

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Amount borrowed = Rs.10
Let rate of interest = R%
Simple Interest for Rs.10 for 6 months at R% =

i.e, 10 +
R
is due in 6 months
20
Payment after 1st month = Rs.3
10 R
100
1
2
R
20
Interest for this Rs.3 for the remaining 5 months =
5
12
100
3 R
Payment after 2nd month = Rs.3
4
12
100
3 R
...
Payment after 5th month = Rs.3
Interest for this Rs.3 for the remaining 1 month =
1
12
100
3 R
Payment after 6th month = Rs.3 and this closes the loan
=> (3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3) +
5
12
100
. 3 R
.
4
12
100
3 R
+. . . +
1
12
100
3 R
= 10 +
R
20
3R
(5 + 4+. . . +1)
R
12
18 +
= 10 +
100
20
15R
R
18 +
= 10 +
400
20
R
15R
5R
R
8=
=
=
20 400
400 80
R = 640%
18. If the simple interest on a certain sum of money after 3 18years is 14 of the principal, what is the
rate of interest per annum?
A. 6%
B. 4%
C. 8%
D. 12%

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let the the sum of money(P) be Rs.x
Time(T) = 3 18 Years = 258 Years
Simple interest (SI) = x 4
x
100 SI
100 x 8
4
Rate of interest per annum(R) =
=
=
PT
25
4 x 25
x
8
100
= 8%
19. If a sum of Rs. 9 is lent to be paid back in 10 equal monthly installments of re. 1 each, then the rate
of interest is
A. 11.33%
B. 11%
C. 266.67%
D. 26.67%

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Amount borrowed = Rs.9
Let rate of interest = R%
Simple Interest for Rs.9 for 10 months at R% =

i.e., 9 +
10
12
100
9R
90R
is due in 10 months
1200
Payment after 1st month = Rs.1
9
12
100
1R
Payment after 2nd month = Rs.1
8
12
100
1R
Payment after 9th month = Rs.1
Interest for this Rs.1 for the remaining 1 month =
1
12
100
1R
Payment after 10th month = Rs.1 and this closes the loan
90R
1200
9
12
100
1R
9+
90R
= 10 1 +
1200
9+
90R
R
= 10 +
(9 + 8 + + 1)
1200
1200
9+
90R
R
9 10
(
)
= 10 +
1200
1200
2
9+
90R
45R
= 10 +
1200
1200
8
12
100
1R
++
1
12
100
1R
45R
=1
1200
R=
1200
= 26.67%
45
20. Divide Rs. 2379 into 3 parts so that their amount after 2,3 and 4 years respectively may be equal, the
rate of interest being 5% per annum at simple interest. The first part is
A. Rs. 828
B. Rs. 746
C. Rs. 248
D. Rs. 1024

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the parts be x, y and z
R = 5%
x + interest on x for 2 years = y + interest on y for 3 years = z
+ interest on z for 4 years
(x +
x52
y 5 3
z 5 4
) = (y +
) = (z +
)
100
100
100
(x +
x
3y
z
) = (y +
) = (z + )
10
20
5
11x 23y 6z
=
=
10
20
5
Let
11x 23y 6z
=
=
= k
10
20
5
Then, x =
10k
,
11
y=
20k
,
23
(where k is a constant)
z=
5k
6
we know that x + y + z = 2379

10k 20k 5k
+
+
= 2379
11
23
6
10k 23 6 + 20k 11 6 + 5k 11 23 = 2379 11 23 6
1380k + 1320k + 1265k = 2379 11 23 6
3965k = 2379 11 23 6
k=
2379 11 23 6
3965
First part, x =
=
10k 10 2379 11 23 6
=
11
11
3965
2 2379 23 6
793
= 2 3 23 6 = 828
10 2379 23 6
3965
21. In how many years, Rs. 150 will produce the same interest at 6% as Rs. 800 produce in 2 years at 4
%?
A. 4 years
B. 6 years
C. 8 years
D. 9 years

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let Simple Interest for Rs.150 at 6% for n years = Simple
Interest for Rs.800 at 4 % for 2 years
150 6 n
100
9
2
2
100
800
150 6 n = 800
9
2
2
150 6 n = 800 9
3 6 n = 16 9
6 n = 16 3
2 n = 16
n = 8 years
22. A sum of Rs. 2500 amounts to Rs. 3875 in 4 years at the rate of simple interest. What is the rate of
interest?
A. 12.25%
B. 12%
C. 6%
D. 13.75%

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Simple Interest, SI = (3875 - 2500) = Rs.1375
Principal, P = Rs. 2500
Time, T = 4 years
R=?
R=
100 SI
100 1375
100 1375
=
=
= 13.75%
PT
2500 4
10000
23. What is the interest due after 40 days for Rs. 3200 at 10%
A. 35.07
B. 36.21
C. 35.52
D. 34

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Simple Interest, SI =
PRT
=
100
3200 10
100
40
365
= 35.07
24. What is the rate of interest at which Rs.150 becomes Rs. 220 in 10 years.
A.
11
%
3
C. 12%
B.
14
%
3
D. 14%

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Simple Interest, SI = 220 - 150 = Rs.70
R=
100 SI
100 70
27
14
=
=
=
%
PT
150 10
3
3
25. A person invested in all Rs. 2600 at 4%, 6% and 8% per annum simple interest. At the end of the year,
he got the same interest in all three cases. The money invested at 4% is:
A. Rs.2200
B. Rs.800
C. Rs.1600
D. Rs.1200

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let x , y and x be his investments at 4%, 6% and 8%

respectively
Simple Interest on x at 4% for 1 year
= Simple Interest on y at 6% for 1 year
= Simple Interest on z at 8% for 1 year
x41
100
y 6 1
100
z 8 1
100
4x = 6y = 8z
2x = 3y = 4z
Hence, we have, y =
2x
2x x
and z =
=
3
4
2
we know that x + y + z = 2600

x+
2x x
+ = 2600
3
2
6x + 4x + 3x = 2600 6
13x = 2600 6
x=
2600 6
= 200 6 = 1200
13
i.e., Money invested at 4% = Rs.1200
26. David invested certain amount in three different schemes A, B and C with the rate of interest 10%
p.a., 12% p.a. and 15% p.a. respectively. If the total interest accrued in one year was Rs. 3200 and the
amount invested in Scheme C was 150% of the amount invested in Scheme A and 240% of the amount
invested in Scheme B, what was the amount invested in Scheme B?
A. Rs.5000
B. Rs.2000
C. Rs.6000
D. Rs.3000

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let x , y and x be his investments in A, B and C respectively.
Then
Then, Interest on x at 10% for 1 year
+ Interest on y at 12% for 1 year
+ Interest on z at 15% for 1 year
= 3200
x 10 1
y 12 1
z 15 1
+
+
= 3200
100
100
100
10x + 12y + 15z = 320000 (1)
Amount invested in Scheme C was 240% of the amount
invested in Scheme B
=> z =
240y 60y 12y

=
=
(2)
100
25
5
Amount invested in Scheme C was 150% of the amount

invested in Scheme A
150x 3x
=
100
2
2z 2 12y 8y
=> x =
=
=
(3)
3
3
5
5
=> z =
From(1),(2) and (3),

10x + 12y + 15z = 320000
8y
12y
) + 12y + 15 (
) = 320000
5
5
16y + 12y + 36y = 320000
64y = 320000
320000 10000
y=
=
= 5000
64
2
10 (
i.e.,Amount invested in Scheme B = Rs.5000
27. A sum of Rs. 1550 was lent partly at 5% and partly at 8% p.a. simple interest. The total interest
received after 3 years was Rs. 300. The ratio of the money lent at 5% to that lent at 8% is:
A. 16 : 15
B. 15 : 16
C. 15 : 8
D. 8 : 15

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the partial amount at 5% be x and the partial amount at 8%
be (1550-x)
Interest on x at 5% for 3 years + interest on (1550-x) at 8%
for 3 years = 300
x 5 3
100
(1550-x) 8 3
100
= 300
(1550-x) 8
x 5
+
= 100
100
100
5x + 8(1550 x) = 10000
5x + 12400 8x = 10000
3x = 2400
x = 800
Required Ratio = x : (1550-x) = 800 : (1550-800) = 800 : 750 =
16 : 15
28. A sum of money doubles in 12 years. In how many years, it will treble at S.I.
A. 12 years
B. 8 years
C. 6 years
D. 24 years

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Simple Interest, SI =
PRT
100
i.e, SI T when rate(R) and principal (P) are constants

Let x be the sum of money and which will treble in n years
(Please note that when the money doubles, simple interest is 2x
- x=x
and when the money trebles, simple interest is 3x - x = 2x)
(2x-x) 12
=> x 12 -------------(1)
(3x-x) n
=> 2x n -------------(2)
From (1) and (2),
x
12
=
2x
n
1 12
=
2
n
n = 24 years
i.e, in 24 years, the money will treble.
29. A man invests a certain sum of money at 6% per annum simple interest and another sum at 7% per
annum simple interest. His income from interest after 2 years was Rs. 354. One-forth of the first sum is
equal to one-fifth of the second sum. The total sum invested was :
A. Rs.3100
B. Rs.2700
C. Rs.2200
D. Rs.1800

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let the man invests Rs.x at 6% and Rs.y at 7%
Simple Interest on Rs.x at 6% for 2 years + Simple Interest on

Rs.y at 7% for 2 years = Rs.354
x 6 2
100
y 7 2
100
= 354
x 6 2 + y 7 2 = 354 100
x 6 + y 7 = 177 100
6x + 7y = 17700
(1)
One-forth of the first sum is equal to one-fifth of the second

sum
x y
=
4 5
4y
=> x =
5
=>
(2)
Solving (1) and (2),
6x + 7y = 17700
6(
4y
) + 7y = 17700
5
24y + 35y = 17700 5

59y = 17700 5
y = 300 5 = 1500
x=
4y 4 1500
=
= 4 300 = 1200
5
5
total sum invested = x + y = 1500 + 1200 = 2700
30. The interest on a certain deposit at 5% per annum is Rs. 101.20 in one year. How much will the
additional interest in one year be on the same deposit at 6% per annum?
A. Rs.20.8
B. Rs.19.74
C. Rs.20.24
D. Rs.19.5

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
100 SI
100 101.20
=
= 20 101.20 = Rs. 2024
RT
51
2024 6 1
Simple Interest for Rs.2024 at 6% per annum for 1 year, SI =
= 121.44
100
Principal, P =
Additional Interest = Rs.121.44 - Rs.101.20 = Rs.20.24

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Principal, P =
100 SI
100 101.20
=
= 20 101.20 = Rs. 2024
RT
51
All parameters remains same except the increase in interest

rate.
and additional Interest Rate = 6% - 5% = 1%
Hence, Additional Interest = Simple Interest for Rs.2024 at 1% per annum for 1 year
2024 1 1
=
= 20.24
100
31. A sum was put a simple interest at a certain rate for 2 years. Had it been put at 4% higher rate, it
would have fetched Rs. 60 more. The sum is:
A. Rs.750
B. Rs.700
C. Rs.820
D. Rs.940

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the sub be Rs.x and the initial rate be R%.Then
x (R+4) 2
100
x 4 2
100
x 2
= 15
100
x R 2
100
= 60
= 60
2x = 1500
x = 750
32. The simple interest at x% for x years will be Rs. x on a sum of:
A. Rs. x
C.
100
x
Rs.
B. Rs. x2
D.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
P =?
R = x%
Simple Interest,SI = x
T = x years
P=
100 SI
100 x
100
=
=
RT
xx
x
Rs.
100
x2
33. A sum of money becomes 75 of itself in 4 years at a certain rate of simple interest. The rate per
annum is :
A. 9%
B. 10%
C. 11%
D. 12%

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let the sum of money be Rs.x
Amount after 4 years =
7x
5
T = 4 years
R=?
7x
x) =
5
2x
100
100 SI
5
R=
=
=
PT
x4
Simple Interest, SI = (
2x
5
40
= 10%
4
34. If the simple interest on Rs. 2000 is less than the Simple Interest on Rs. 3000 at 5% by Rs. 50, find
the time.
A. 2.5 year
B. 1 year
C. 1.5 year
D. 2 year

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3000 5 T
100
(3000 2000)
5T
= 50
100
1000
2000 5 T
100
= 50
5T
= 50
100
50T = 50
T = 1 year
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Difference in principal = 3000-2000 = 1000
i.e., Simple Interest on Rs.1000 will be Rs.50
1000 5 T
100
50T = 50
T = 1 year
= 50
35. A sum of Rs. 7700 is to be divided among three brothers Vikas, Vijay and Viraj in such a way that
simple interest on each part at 5% per annum after 1, 2 and 3 years respectively remains equal. The
Share of Vikas is more than that of Viraj by
A. Rs.1200
B. Rs.1400
C. Rs.2200
D. Rs.2800

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Let Vikas, Vijay and Viraj gets Rs.x, Rs.y and Rs.z respectively.
Simple Interest on x at 5% for 1 year
= Simple Interest on y at 5% for 2 year
= Simple Interest on z at 5% for 3 year
x51
100
y 5 2
100
z 5 3
100
5x = 10y = 15z
x = 2y = 3z
y=
x
x
and z =
2
3
x + y + z = 7700
x+
--- (1)
( the total amount is Rs. 7700)
x x
+ = 7700 ( substituted the values of y and z from from equation 1)
2 3
11x
= 7700
6
x
= 7000
6
x = 4200
z=
x 4200
=
= 1400
3
3
i.e, Vikas gets Rs.4200 and Viraj gets Rs.1400

Share of Vikas is more than that of Viraj by (4200 - 1400) =
2800
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If a certain sum of money is lent out in n parts in such a

manner that equal sum of money is obtained at simple interest
on each part where interest rates are R1, R2, ... ,
Rnrespectively
and
time
periods
are
T 1,
T 2,
...
T n respectively, then the ratio in which the sum will be divided

in n parts can be given by
1
1
1
:
:
R 1 T 1 R2 T 2
RnT n
[Read more ...]
T 1 = 1 , T 2 = 2, T 3 = 3
R1 = 5 , R2 = 5, R3 = 5
Share of Vikas : Share of Vijay : Share of Viraj
1
1
1
:
:
51 52 53
1 1 1
= : :
1 2 3
= 6 :3 :2
Total amount is Rs. 7700
6
= 700 6 = 4200
11
2
Share of Viraj = 7700
= 700 2 = 1400
11
Share of Vikas = 7700
Share of Vikas is greater than Share of Viraj by (4200 - 1400) =

Rs. 2800
36. The simple interest on Rs.500 at 6% per annum from May 3rdto July 15th in the same year is
A. Rs. 8
B. Rs. 6
C. Rs. 4
D. Rs. 9

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Time from May 3rd to July 15th = 28 days of May + 30 days of
June and 15 days of July
= 73 days=
73
1
years =
years
365
5
Simple interest =
PRT
=
100
500 6
100
1
5
=6
37. Find the Simple Interest on Rs. 7500 at 11% for 2 Years and 5 months.
A. Rs.1994.25
B. Rs.1991.25
C. Rs.1992.75
D. Rs.1993.75

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Time,T = 2 year 5 months = 29 months =

SI =
PRT
=
100
7500 11
100
29
12
29
year
12
= 75 11
29
= 1993.75
12
38. Arun borrowed a sum for 4 years on S.I. at 12%. The total interest paid was Rs. 360. Find the
Principal.
A. Rs.700
B. Rs.650
C. Rs.800
D. Rs.750

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
P=
100 SI
100 360
100 30
=
=
= 25 30 = 750
RT
12 4
4
39. The simple interest on Rs. 1820 from March 9, 2003 to May 21, 2003 at 7 12% rate is
A. Rs. 27.30
B. Rs. 22.50
C. Rs. 28.80
D. Rs. 29

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Time, T = (22 + 30 + 21)days = 73 days =

1
15
%=
%
2
2
15 1
1820
PRT
2
5
SI =
=
100
100
73
1
year =
year
365
5
Rate, R = 7
1820
100
3
2
910 3
2730
=
= 27.30
100
100
40. At what rate percent of simple interest will a sum of money double itself in 20 years?
A. 4%
B. 5%
C. 6%
D. 8%

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let sum = x
Time = 20 years
Simple Interest = x
R=
100 SI
100 x
100
=
=
= 5%
PT
x 20
20
41. If the simple interest on a certain sum of money for 4 years is onefifth of the sum, then the rate of
interest per annum is
A. 4%
B. 7%
C. 6%
D. 5%

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the Principal(P) be x
Then, Simple Interest(SI) = x/5
Time(T) = 4 years
Rate of interest per annum(R) =
100 SI
=
PT
100
x4
x
5
20
= 5%
4
42. A certain sum in invested for T years. It amounts to Rs. 400 at 10% per annum. But when invested at
4% per annum, it amounts to Rs. 200. Find the time (T).
A. 45 years
B. 60 years
C. 40 years
D. 50 Years

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------Let the principal = Rs.x
and time = y years
Principal,x amounts to Rs.400 at 10% per annum in y years
Simple Interest = (400-x)
Simple Interest =
PRT
100
(400 x) =
x 10 y
100
(400 x) =
xy
10
--- (equation 1)
Principal,x amounts to Rs.200 at 4% per annum in y years

Simple Interest = (200-x)
Simple Interest =
PRT
100
(200 x) =
x4y
100
(200 x) =
xy
25
--- (equation 2)
xy
)
10
(equation 1)
400 x
=
200 x
(equation 2)
xy
( )
25
400 x
25
=
200 x
10
400 x
5
=
200 x
2
800 2x = 1000 5x
200 = 3x
x=
200
3
200
)y
3
200
)=
Substituting this value of x in Equation 1, we get, (400
3
10
(
(400
200
20y
)=
3
3
1200 200 = 20y

1000 = 20y
y=
1000
= 50 years
20
------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If a certain sum of money P lent out for a certain time T

amounts to P1 at R1% per annum and to P2 at R2% per
annum, then
P=
P2 R1 P 1 R2
R1 R2
T=
P1 P2
100 years
P2 R1 P 1 R2
[Read more ...]

R1 = 10%, R2 = 4%
P1 = 400, P2 = 200
P1 P2
400 200
100 =
P 2R 1 P 1 R 2
200 10 400 4
200
1
=
100 = 100 = 50 years
400
2
T=
100 =
200
100
2000 1600
43. A sum of money is lent at S.I. for 6 years. If the same amount is paid at 4% higher, Arun would have
got Rs. 120 more. Find the principal
A. Rs. 200
B. Rs. 600
C. Rs. 400
D. Rs. 500

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
This means, simple interest at 4% for that principal is Rs.120
P=
100 SI
100 120
100 30
=
=
= 100 5 = 500
RT
46
6
44. Mr. Mani invested an amount of Rs. 12000 at the simple interest rate of 10% per annum and another
amount at the simple interest rate of 20% per annum. The total interest earned at the end of one year on
the total amount invested became 14% per annum. Find the total amount invested.
A. Rs. 25000
B. Rs. 15000
C. Rs. 10000
D. Rs. 20000

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Let his investments be Rs.12000 and Rs.x
Rs. 12000 is invested at the simple interest rate of 10% per
annum for 1 year
Simple Interest =
PRT
12000 10 1
=
= Rs. 1200
100
100
Rs. x is invested at the simple interest rate of 20% per annum

for 1 year
Simple Interest =
PRT
x 20 1
=
100
100
Total interest = Rs. (1200 +
i.e., Rs. (1200 +
(1200 +
= Rs.
x
5
x
)
5
x
) is the simple interest for Rs.(12000 + x) at 14% per annum for 1 year
5
(12000 + x) 14 1
x
)=
5
100
120000 + 20x = 14 12000 + 14x

6x = 14 12000 120000 = 48000
x = 8000
Total amount invested = 12000 + x = 12000 + 8000 = Rs. 20000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If an amount P1 is lent out at simple interest of R1% per

annum and another amount P2 at simple interest rate of R2%
per annum, then the rate of interest for the whole sum can be
given by
P1 R1 + P 2 R2
P1 + P2
R=
[Read more ...]

P1 = Rs. 12000, R1 = 10%
P2 = ?, R2 = 20%
R = 14%
14 =
12000 10 + P 2 20
12000 + P 2
12000 14 + 14P 2 = 120000 + 20P 2

6P 2 = 14 12000 120000 = 48000
P 2 = 8000
Total amount invested = (P1 + P2) = (12000 + 8000) = Rs.
20000
45. A lent Rs. 4000 to B for 2 years and Rs. 2000 to C for 4 years on simple interest at the same rate of
interest and received Rs. 2200 in all from both of them as interest. The rate of interest per annum is :
A. 14%
B. 15%
C. 12%
D. 13.75%

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the rate of interest per annum be R%
Simple Interest for Rs.4000 for 2 years at R% + Simple Interest
for Rs.2000 for 4 years at R%
= 2200
4000 R 2
100
2000 R 4
100
80R + 80R = 2200

160R = 2200
16R = 220
4R = 55
R=
55
= 13.75%
4
= 2200
Basics Con cepts an d Formu las - Simplification

1.
Order of Operations - BODMAS Rule
What is BODMAS Rule?

BODMAS rule defines the correct sequence in which operations are to be performed in a given
mathematical expression to find its value.
In BODMAS,
B = Bracket,
O = Order (Powers, Square Roots, etc.)
DM = Division and Multiplication (left-to-right)
AS = Addition and Subtraction (left-to-right)
This m eans, to sim plify an expression, the follow ing order m ust be follow ed.
i. Do operations in Brackets first, strictly in the order (), {} and []
ii. Evaluate exponents (Powers, Roots, etc.)
iii. Perform division and multiplication, working from left to right. (division and multiplication
rank equally and done left to right).
iv. Perform addition and subtraction, working from left to right. (addition and subtraction rank
equally and done left to right).
In India, the term BODMAS is used whereas in USA the acronym PEMDAS is used. The full form of
PEMDAS is "Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, and Subtraction". Both are
correct and only difference is that these are used in different parts of the world. Some other
variations which are used across the world to represent the same concept are BIDMAS, ERDMAS,
PERDMAS and BPODMAS.
Exam ples
a. 12 + 22 11 (18 3)2 - 10
= 12
= 12
= 12
= 84
+ 22 11 62 - 10
( Brackets first)
+ 22 11 36 - 10
( exponents)
+ 2 36 - 10 = 12 + 72 - 10
( division and multiplication, left to right)
- 10 = 74
( Addition and Subtraction, left to right)
b. 4 + 10 - 3 6 / 3 + 4
= 4 + 10 - 18/3 + 4 = 4 + 10 - 6 + 4
( division and multiplication, left to right)
= 14 - 6 + 4 = 8 + 4 = 12
( Addition and Subtraction, left to right)
2.
Modulus of a Real Num ber
For any real number
|x| = {
x
x
x , the absolute value or modulus of x is denoted by |x| and is defined as
if x 0
if x < 0
Hence, the Modulus(absolute value) of

Exam ple
|8| = |-8| = 8
x is always either positive or zero, but never negative
1. The price of 80 apples is equal to that of 120 oranges. The price of 60 apples and 75 oranges together is Rs.1320. The total price of 25 apples and 40 oranges is
A. Rs. 660
B. Rs. 620
C. Rs. 820
D. Rs. 780

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let the price of one apple = a and price of one orange = b
The price of 80 apples is equal to that of 120 oranges
80a = 120b
=> 2a = 3b
2a
-----(Equation 1)
3
b=
price of 60 apples and 75 oranges together is Rs.1320=>60a + 75b = 1320

=> 4a + 5b = 88
5(2a)
= 88 ( Substituted the value of b from equation 1)
3
4a +
=> 12a + 10a = 88 3

=> 6a + 5a = 44 3
=> 11a = 44 3=> a = 4 3 = 12
b=
2a 2 12
=
=8
3
3
Total price of 25 apples and 40 oranges = 25a + 40b = (25 12) + (40 8) = 300 + 320 = 620
2. The price of 24 apples is equal to that of 28 oranges. The price of 45 apples and 60 oranges together is Rs.1350. The total price of 30 apples and 40 oranges is
A. Rs.920
B. Rs.940
C. Rs.880
D. Rs.900

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Let the price of one apple = a and price of one orange = b
Price of 24 apples is equal to that of 28 oranges
24a = 28b
=> 6a = 7b
b=
6a
-----(Equation 1)
7
price of 45 apples and 60 oranges together is Rs.1350

=> 45a + 60b = 1350
=> 3a + 4b = 90
3a +
a+
4(6a)
= 90 ( Substituted the value of b from equation 1)
7
4(2a)
= 30
7
=> 7a + 8a = 30 7 = 210
=> 15a = 210
a=
b=
210 42
=
= 14
15
3
6a 6 14
=
= 6 2 = 12
7
7
Total price
Price of 45
Price of 15
Price of 30
of 30 apples and 40 oranges= 30a + 45b = (30 14) + (40 12) = 420 + 480 = 900-----------------------------------------------------------------------------apples and 60 oranges = Rs.1350
apples and 20 oranges = Rs.1350/3 = Rs.450 ( Divided LHS and RHS by 15)
apples and 40 oranges = Rs.450 2 = Rs.900 ( Multiplied LHS and RHS by 2)
3. There are two buildings P and Q. If 15 persons are sent from P to Q, then the number of persons in each building is the same. If 20 persons are sent from Q to P, then the
number of persons in P is double the number of persons in Q. How many persons are there in building P?
A. 80
B. 140
C. 120
D. 90

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let the number of persons in building P = p
and the number of persons in building Q = q
If 15 persons are sent from P to Q,
then the number of persons in each building is the same
=> p-15 = q+15
=> p - q = 30 ----(Equation 1)
If 20 persons are sent from Q to P,
then the number of persons in P is double the number of persons in Q
=> 2(q - 20) = (p + 20)
=> 2q - 40 = p + 20
=> 2q - p = 60 ----(Equation 2)
(Equation 1) + (Equation 2)=> q = 90
From Equation 1, p = 30 + q = 30 + 90 = 120
i.e., Building P has 120 persons
4. The price of 3 tables and 4 chairs is Rs. 3300. With the same money one can buy 2 tables and 10 chairs. If one wants to buy 1 table and 1 chair, how much does he need
to pay?
A. Rs.940
B. Rs.1050
C. Rs.1040
D. Rs.950

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let price of a table = t
and price of a chair = c
3t + 4c = 3300 ---(Equation 1)
2t + 10c = 3300
=> t + 5c = 1650 ---(Equation 2)
(Equation 2) 3 => 3t + 15c = 4950 ---(Equation 3)
(Equation 3) - (Equation 1) => 11c = 1650
=> c = 150
Substituting the value of c in equation 1, we get
3t + (4 150) = 3300
=> 3t = 3300 600 = 2700
=>t = 2700/3 = 900
Cost of 1 table and 1 chair = c + t = 150 + 900 = 1050
5. There are 6 working days in a regular week and for each day, the working hours are 10. A man earns Rs. 2.10 per hour for regular work and Rs. 4.20 per hour for overtime. If
he earns Rs.525 in 4 weeks, how many hours did he work?
A. 245
B. 285
C. 275
D. 255

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Regular working hours in 4 weeks = (4 6 10) = 240 hours
Amount earned by working in these regular working hours
= 240 2.10 = Rs.504
Additional amount he earned = 525 - 504 = Rs.21
Hours he worked overtime = 21/4.2 = 210/42 = 5 hours

Total hours he worked = 240 + 5 = 245 hours
6. A man has some hens and cows. If the number of heads be 48 and the number of feet equals 140, then the number of hens will be
A. 22
B. 24
C. 26
D. 20

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let number of hens = h and number of cows = c
number of heads = 48
=> h + c = 48 ---(Equation 1)
number of feet = 140
=> 2h + 4c = 140
=> h + 2c = 70 ---(Equation 2)
(Equation 2) - (Equation 1) gives
2c - c = 70 - 48
=> c = 22
Substituting the value of c in Equation 1, we get
h + 22 = 48
=> h = 48 - 22 = 26
i.e., number of hens = 26
7. A sum of Rs.2200 has been divided among A, B and C such that A gets 1/4 of what B gets and B gets 1/5 of what C gets. What is B's share?
A. Rs.341
B. Rs.364
C. Rs.372
D. Rs.352

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let C's share = Rs. x

Then B's share =
x
5
A's share =
x 1
x
=
5 4 20
Hence, x +
x
x
+
= 2200
5 20
x (1 +
x(
1
1
) = 2200
+
5 20
25
) = 2200
20
5
x ( ) = 2200
4
x=
2200 4
= 440 4 = Rs.1760
5
B's share =
x 1760
=
= Rs.352
5
5
8. A fires 5 shots to B's 3 but A kills only once in 3 shots while B kills once in 2 shots. When B has missed 27 times, A has killed:
A. 30 birds
B. 22 birds
C. 18 birds
D. 38 birds
| Discuss

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the total number of shots = x
Shots fired by A =
5x
8
Shots fired by B =
3x
8
Killing shots by A =
Missing shots by B =
5x 1 5x
=
8
3 24
3x 1 3x
=
8
2 16
B has missed 27 times

x=
3x
= 27
16
27 16
= 144
3
Hence, killing shots by A =
5x 5 144
5 12
=
=
= 30
24
24
2
i.e., A has killed 30 birds
9. If p - q = 6 and p2 + q2 = 116, what is the value of pq?

A. 30
B. 40
C. 20
D. 50

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
[Read more ...]
(p - q)2 = p2 - 2pq + q2
(p - q)2 = (p2 + q2)- 2pq
62 = 116 - 2pq
36 = 116 - 2pq
2pq = 80
pq = 40
10. To fill a tank, 25 buckets of water is required. How many buckets of water will be required to fill the same tank if the capacity of the bucket is reduced to two-fifth of its
present?
A. 63
B. 64.5
C. 62.5
D. 60.5

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1 (Chain Rule)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Let x buckets of water be required ,if the capacity of the bucket is reduced to
two-fifth
More buckets, less capacity (Indirect proportion)
Capacity
1 25 =
1:
2
} :: x : 25
5
2
x
5
2x
5
25 5
x=
= 62.5
2
25 =
i.e., 62.5 buckets are needed

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Let capacity of 1 bucket = x
Capacity of the tank = 25x
New capacity of the bucket = 2x/5
Hence, number of buckets needed =
25x
2x
( )
5
25 5
= 62.5
2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Or more simply, you can assume as capacity of 1 bucket = 1
Then, capacity of the tank = 25
New capacity of the bucket = 2/5
Hence, number of buckets needed =
25
2
( )
5
= 62.5
11. John gets on the elevator at the 14th floor of a building and rides up at the rate of 84 floors per minute. At the same time, Vinod gets on an elevator at the 58th floor of
the same building and rides down at the rate of 92 floors per minute. If they continue travelling at these rates, then at which floor will their paths cross?
A. 38
B. 36
C. 32
D. 35

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let their paths cross after x minutes
Then,
84x + 92x = 58 - 14
=> 176x = 44
x=
44
1
=
176 4
Number of floors covered by John in these
1
1
minute = 84 = 21
4
4
Hence, their path cross at 14 + 21 = 35, i.e., at 35th floor
12. A man has Rs. 312 in the denominations of one-rupee notes, five-rupee notes and twenty-rupee notes. The number of notes of each denomination is equal. What is the
total number of notes that he has ?
A. 36
B. 24
C. 28
D. 32

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the number of notes of each denomination be x
Then, x + 5x + 20x = 312
=> 26x = 312
=> x = 312/26 = 12
the total number of notes that he has = 3x = 3 12 = 36
13. Free notebooks were distributed equally among children of a class. The number of notebooks each child got was one-eighth of the number of children. Had the number of
children been half, each child would have got 16 notebooks. Total how many notebooks were distributed?
A. 602
B. 528
C. 423
D. 512

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Let number of children be n
If the number children = n, number of books each child will get = n/8
total books distributed = n
n
n2
=
8
8
If the number children = n/2, number of books each child will get = 16
total books distributed =
n
16 = 8n
2
n2
Since total books are same, we can write as
= 8n
8
n
=8
8
n = 64
Total number of notebooks those were distributed =
n2
64 64
=
= 64 8 = 512
8
8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2 (Chain Rule)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Let n be the total number of children.
More children, less notebooks(Indirect proportion)
If the number children = n, number of books each child will get = n/8
If the number children = n/2, number of books each child will get = 16
children
n:
n
n
} :: 16 :
2
8
n
n
= 16
8
2
n
16
=
=8
8
2
n = 8 8 = 64
Then, total number of notebooks those were distributed = n
n
64 64
=
= 64 8 = 512
8
8
14. Eight people are planning to share equally the cost of a rental car. If one person withdraws from the arrangement and the others share equally the entire cost of the car,
then the share of each of the remaining persons increased by:
2
5
2
C.
7
A.

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
1
8
1
D.
7
B.
Let x be the the cost of the rental car

When 8 persons share equally, share of one person =
x
8
When 1 person withdraws and other 7 persons share equally, share of one person =
Increase in the share =
x x
x
=
7 8 56
x
)
56
Required fraction =
x
( )
8
(
1
7
(723 + 1992) 2 (723 1992)2

723 1992
15.
x
7
A. 4
B. 33
C. 6
D. 1
=?

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
2
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
2
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
[Read more ...]
(723 + 1992)2 (723 1992) 2

723 1992
=
=
=
(a + b)2 (a b) 2
ab
(where a = 723 and b = 1992)
a2 + 2ab + b2 (a 2 2ab + b2 )
ab
4ab
=4
4
16. One-third of Rahul's savings in National Savings Certificate is equal to one-half of his savings in Public Provident Fund. If he has Rs. 1,80,000 as total savings, how much
has he saved in Public Provident Fund?
A. Rs. 72000
B. Rs. 44000
C. Rs. 58000
D. Rs. 92000

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let savings in National Savings Certificate = x
and savings in Public Provident Fund = (180000 - x)
1
1
x = (180000 x)
3
2
2x = 3(180000 x)
2x = 540000 3x
5x = 540000
x=
540000
= 108000
5
Savings in Public Provident Fund = (180000 - 108000) = 72000
17. 8 / 4 / 2 = ?
A. 4
B. 1
C. 0
D. 2

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
8 / 4 / 2 = (8 / 4) / 2 = 2/2 = 1
18. 20 + 20 2 = ?
A. 40
B. 50
C. 60
D. 70

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
20 + 20 2 = 20 + 40 = 60
19. 25 / 5 5 = ?
A. 25
B. 15
C. 20
D. 30

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
25 / 5 5 = 5 5 = 25
20. 5 5 / 5 = ?
A. 5
B. 1
C. 10
D. 25

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
5 5 / 5 = 25 / 5 = 5
21. b - [b -(a+b) - {b - (b - a+b)} + 2a] = ?

A. 0
B. 4a
C. a
D. -2a

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
b - [b -(a+b) - {b - (b - a+b)} + 2a]
= b - [b -a -b - {b -b +a -b} + 2a]
= b - [b -a -b - {a -b} + 2a]
= b - [b -a -b - a +b + 2a]
= b - [b]
=b - b
=0
1
1
1
+3 +4 = ?
3
2
4
1
1
B. 10
A. 10
6
12
1
1
C. 10
D. 10
4
2
22.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
1
1
1
+3 +4
3
2
4
7 7 17
+ +
3 2
4
(28 + 42 + 51)
12
121
12
= 10
1
12
23. If a * b = 2a - 4b + 2ab, then 2*3 + 3*2 = ?

A. 2
B. 0
C. 14
D. 12

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
a * b = 2a - 4b + 2ab
Hence,
2*3 = 2(2) - 4(3) + 2(2 3) = 4 - 12 + 12 = 4
3*2 = 2(3) - 4(2) + 2(3 2) = 6 - 8 + 12 = 10
2*3 + 3*2 = 4 + 10 = 14
24.
4+
1
4+
=?
1
4+
24
305
72
C.
305
1
4
1
64
81
D.
320
A.
B.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
1
4+
1
4+
=
1
1
4+
4
1
4+
4+
1
17
( )
4
1
4+
1
4+
4
17
1
1
4+
72
( )
17
1
1
=
17
305
4+
(
)
72
72
72
305
25. If the number of boys in a class are 8 times the number of girls, which value can never be the total number of students?
A. 27
B. 45
C. 81
D. 42

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the number of girls = x and the number of boys = 8x
Then, total number of students = x + 8x = 9x
i.e., the total number of students must be a multiple of 9
From the given choices, 42 cannot be a multiple of 9.
Hence, 42 cannot be the total number of students.
26.
What fraction of
A.
5
4
C.
1
4
3
1
needs to be added to itself to become 2
5
4
3
B. 2
4
3
D.
4

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let x be the required fraction

3
3
1
x+ = 2
5
5
4
3
3 9
x+ =
5
5 4
3
9 3 (45 12)
33
x= =
=
5
4 5
20
20
x=
33 5 11
3
=
=2
20 3
4
4
27. An organization decided to raise Rs. 6 lakh by collecting equal contribution from each of its employees. If each of them had contributed Rs. 60 extra, the contribution would
have been Rs. 6.24 lakh. How many employees are there in that organization?
A. 400
B. 300
C. 200
D. 100

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Required number of employees =
(624000 - 600000) 24000

=
= 400
60
60
28. In a group of ducks and cows, the total number of legs are 28 more than twice the number of heads. Find the total number of cows.
A. 14
B. 12
C. 16
D. 8

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let the number of ducks be d
and number of cows be c
Then, total number of legs = 2d + 4c = 2(d + 2c)
total number of heads = c + d
Given that total number of legs are 28 more than twice the number of heads
=> 2(d + 2c) = 28 + 2(c + d)
=> d + 2c = 14 + c + d
=> 2c = 14 + c
=> c = 14
i.e., total number of cows = 14
29. If a - b = 6 and a2 + b2 = 116, then what is the value of ab?

A. 20
B. 40
C. 60
D. 80

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
[Read more ...]
=> (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2
=> 62 = 116 - 2ab
=> 36 = 116 - 2ab
=> 2ab = 116 - 36 = 80
=> ab = 40
30. A room has equal number of men and women. Eight women left the room, leaving twice as many men as women in the room . What was the total number of men and
women present in the room initially?
A. 32
B. 34
C. 28
D. 30

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Assume that initial number of men = initial number of women = x
2(x-8) = x
=> 2x - 16 = x
=> x = 16
Total number of men and women = 2x = 2 16 = 32
Page 1
Page 2
31. From a group of boys and girls, 15 girls leave. They are then left 2 boys for each girl. After this, 45
boys leave. There are then 5 girls for each boy. Find the number of girls in the beginning
A. 40
B. 20
C. 32
D. 60

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Assume that initial number of boys = b
initial number of girls = g
15 girls leave and they are then left 2 boys for each girl
=> 2(g - 15) = b
=> 2g - b = 30 ---(Equation 1)
After this, 45 boys leave. There are then 5 girls for each boy
5(b - 45) = (g - 15)
5b - g = 210---(Equation 2)
(Equation 2) 2
=> 10b - 2g = 420---(Equation 3)
(Equation 1) + (Equation 3)
=> 9b = 450
=> b = 450/9 = 50
Substituting this value of b in Equation 1, we get
2g - 50 = 30
=> 2g = 80
=> g = 40
i.e., number of girls in the beginning = 40
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Assume the number of boys at present = x
Then, the number of girls at present = 5x
Before the boys left, the number of boys were (x+45) and number of girls were
5x
Hence, 2(5x) = x + 45
=> 10x = x + 45
=> x = 5
Number of girls in the beginning = (5x + 15) = (55 + 15) = 40
32. How many pieces of 85 cm length can be cut from a rod of 42.5 meters long?
A. 15
B. 20
C. 2
D. 50

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Number of pieces =
4250 850
=
= 50
85
17
33. In a garden, there are 10 rows and 12 columns of mango trees. The distance between the two trees is
2 metres and a distance of one metre is left from all sides of the boundary of the garden. What is the
length of the garden?
A. 30 m
B. 28 m
C. 26 m
D. 24 m

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Between the 12 mango trees, there are 11 gaps and each gap has 2 meter
length
Also, 1 meter is left from all sides of the boundary of the garden.
Hence, length of the garden = (11 2) + 1 + 1 = 24 meter
34. In a garden, 26 trees are planted at equal distances along a yard 300 metres long, one tree being at
each end of the yard. What is the distance between two consecutive trees?
A. 10
B. 20
C. 14
D. 12

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
26 trees have 25 gaps between them.
Length of each gap = 300/25 = 12
i.e., distance between two consecutive trees = 12
35. A boy was asked to multiply a number by 22. He instead multiplied the number by 44 and got the
answer 308 more than the correct answer. What was the number to be multiplied?
A. 16
B. 10
C. 14
D. 12

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let the number be x
22x + 308 = 44x
=> 44x - 22x = 308
=> 22x = 308
=> x = 308/22 = 154/11 = 14
36. In an examination, a student scores 4 marks for every correct answer and loses 1 mark for every
wrong answer. If he attempts all 80 questions and secures 120 marks, How many questions does he
answer correctly?
A. 30
B. 60
C. 50
D. 40

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the number of correct answers be x
Then, number of wrong answers = (80 - x)
4x (80 - x) = 120
=> 4x 80 + x = 120
=> 5x = 200
=> x = 200/5 = 40
i.e., he does 40 questions correctly
Page 1
Page 2
I mportan t Formu las - Squ are Root an d Cu be Root

1. Square Root
If a2 = b,
b= a
(i.e., square root of b is a.)
Examples
4=2
22 = 4 and
52 = 25 and

25 = 5
2. Cube Root
If a3 = b,
3 b = a
(i.e., cube root of b is a.)
Examples
23 = 8 and
53 = 125 and
3 8 = 2
3
125 = 5
3. Im portant Properties
1.
2.
m
n =
mn
m
=
n
n
3.
1 n
4.
a
= a
a. a.
5.
if
a
a + a +

x
648
1. If
= x , find the value of x.
512
A. 24
B. 12
C. 48
D. 36

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
x
648
= x
512
x 2 = 512 648 = 512 648 = 2 2 2 64 2 2 2 81

= 22289
x = 2 2 2 8 9 = 2 4 3 = 24
2.
5.4756 = ?
A. 2.24
B. 1.24
C. 1.34
D. 2.34

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
5.4756 = 2.34
3.
If 3 5 + 125 = 17.88, then what will be the value of 80 + 16 5?
A. 21.66
B. 13.41
C. 22.35
D. 44.7

Answer : Option D
Explanation :

3 5 + 125 = 17.88
3 5 +
25
5 = 17.88
3 5 + 5 5 = 17.88
8 5 = 17.88
5=
17.88
= 2.235
8
80 + 16 5 =
16
5 + 16 5

= 4 5 + 16 5 = 20 5 = 20 2.235 = 44.7
4. The cube root of 0.000729 is

A. 0.09
B. 0.9
C. 0.21
D. 0.11

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
(0.000729)
1/3
=(
729
106
1/3
9
102
9
= .09
100
5. What is the least perfect square which is divisible by each of 21, 36 and 66?
A. 213444
B. 214434
C. 214344
D. 231444

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
LCM of 21, 36, 66 = 2772
ie, all multiples of 2772 are divisible by 21, 36 and 66
Prime factorization of 2772 is,
2772 = 2 2 3 3 7 11
ie, to make it a perfect square, we have to multiply it by 7 and 11
Hence, required number = 2772 7 11 = 213444
144
11
15
is equal to:
6.
11
225 196
A. 0.85
B. 0.72
C. 2.8
D. 0.4

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
144
11
15

11
225 196
12 11 15
=
11 15 14
12
=
14
6
=
7
= 0.85
1
)
7. ( 7
7
36
A.
7
36
C.
7
simplifies to:
7
36
7
D.
36
B.

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
1
( 7
)
7
1
1
)
= ( 7 ) 2 7
+(
7
7
1
1 36
= 72+ = 5+ =
7
7
7
2
8. The square root of 16641 is

A. 129
B. 121
C. 211
D. 229

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
16641 = 129
9.
0.0576
? = 0.24.
A. None of these
B. 10
C. 1
D. 0.1

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
0.0576 x = 0.24.
0.0576 x = (0.24) 2
0.0576 x = 0.0576
x=1
10.
0.000256
? = 1.6.
A. 0.1
B. 10
C. 10000
D. 1000

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
0.000256 x = 1.6
2
0.000256 x = (1.6)
0.000256 x = 2.56
2.56
2560000
x=
=
= 10000
0.000256
256
11. How many two-digit numbers satisfy this property : The last digit (units digit) of the square of the
two-digit number is 8 ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. None of these

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
A number ending with 8 can never become a perfect square
Let's examine this in detail
1 1 =1
Hence, if the unit digit of a number is 1, unit digit of its square is 1
2 2 =4
3 3 =9
4 4 = 16
5 5 = 25
6 6 = 36
7 7 = 49
8 8 = 64
9 9 = 81
0 0 =0
12.
if a = 0.2917, then the value of 4a 2 4a + 1 + 3a is :
A. 0.5834
B. 0.2917
C. 1.2917
D. 2.2917
| Discuss

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
4a 2 4a + 1 + 3a = (1) 2 2 1 2a + (2a ) 2
+ 3a = (1 2a) 2 + 3a
= 1 2a + 3a = 1 + a
= 1 + 0.2917 = 1.2917
13. A group of students decided to collect as many paise from each member of group as is the number of
members. If the total collection amounts to Rs. 98.01, the number of the member is the group is:
A. 101
B. 98
C. 99
D. 88

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let the number of members = n
Then n2 = Total amount of money collected = 9801 paise
ie, n = 9801 = 99
i.e., number of members = 99
14.
if 7 = 2.645, then find the value of
7 10
+ 175
2
7
A. 7.22
B. 8.92
C. 6.72
D. 10.77

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
7 10
175
+
2
7
=
7 10
+ 7 25
2
7
7 10
+ 5 7
2
7
2
( 7) (2 10) + (5 7 2 7)
2 7
7 20 + 70
57
=
2 7
2 7
28.5
28.5
28500
=
=
= 10.77
2.645
2645
7
Please note that
57
57
can be solved further in the below lines as well
2 7
57 7
14
2 7
2 7 7
57 2.645
150.765
=
=
= 10.77
14
14
15.
if x =
57 7
3+1
31
and y =
, what is the value of (x 2 + y 2 )
31
3+1
A. 15
B. 14
C. 13
D. 10

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
x=
( 3 + 1)
( 3 1)
( 3 + 1) ( 3 + 1)
( 3 1) ( 3 + 1)
( 3 1) ( 3 1)
31
y=
=
3+1
( 3 + 1) ( 3 1)
x 2 + y 2 = (2 + 3)
16.
+ (2 3)
( 3 + 1)
31
( 3 1)
31
3 + 2 3 + 1
2
3 2 3 + 1
2
4 2 3
= 2 3
2
= (4 + 4 3 + 3) + (4 4 3 + 3) = 2(4 + 3) = 14
The square root of (14 + 2 13 )(14 2 13 ) is
A. 8
B. 9
C. 10
D. 12

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
(14 + 2
13 )(14 2
13 ) = (14) 2 (2
13 ) =
196 (4 13)
= 196 52 = 144 = 12
17.
248 + 64 =?
A. 21
B. 14
C. 12
D. 16

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
248 + 64 =
248
+ 8 = 256 = 16
9
18. 1
=?
16
1
A. 1
B. 1
6
1
C. 1
D. 1
2
4 + 2 3
= 2+ 3
2
1
3
1
4

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
9
25
1
25 5
1
=
= = = 1
16
16 16 4
4
19. 41 21 + 19 9
=?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
41 21 + 19 9 = 41 21 +
19
3 = 41 21 +
16
21
+ 4 = 41
25 =
41
5 =
36 = 6
= 41
12
=?
20. 4
125
3
A. 1
C.
2
5
4
D. 1
5
B.
3
5

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
512
2
222
12
22222222
8
3
3
3
3 4
=
=
=
= =1
125
125
555
5
5
5
21.
3
0.000064
=?
A. 0.2
B. 0.4
C. 0.1
D. 0.3

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
64
8
8
2
64
8
3
3
3
3
0.000064 =
=
=
=
= 3 =
= 0.2
6
3
1000 10
10
10
10
106
3
22. What is the smallest number by which 3600 be divided to make it a perfect cube?
A. 110
B. 210
C. 420
D. 450

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
3600 = 24 32 52
ie, the smallest number by which 3600 be divided to make it a perfect cube
= 2 32 52 = 2 9 25 = 450
23. 140? + 315 = 1015

A. 25
B. 15
C. 5
D. 50

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
140x + 315 = 1015
=> 140x = 1015 - 315 = 700 = 140 5
=> x = 5
=> x = 52 = 25
24.
0.289
0.00121
+ 9 =?
A. 18.45
B. 15.45
C. 12.45
D. 15
| Discuss

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
0.289
28900
170
28900
+ 9=
+3 =
+
3
=
+ 3 = 15.45 + 3 = 18.45
0.00121
121
11
121
25. A man plants 49284 apple trees in his garden and arranges them so that there are as many rows as
there are apples trees in each row. The number of rows is
A. 182
B. 202
C. 222
D. 122

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let n be the number of rows
Then n n = 49284
ie, n = 49284 = 222
26.
What is the difference between ( 18 + 3) and (2 + 12 )
A. 32 - 23
B. 2 - 23
C. 22 - 3
D. 22 + 3

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Difference = ( 18 + 3) ( 2 + 12 )
= ( 2 9 + 3) ( 2 + 3 4 )
= (3 2 + 3) ( 2 + 2 3)
= 3 2 + 3 2 2 3
= 2 2 3
27.
if a*b = a + b ab , then find the value of 16 9
A. 14
B. 13
C. 12
D. 11

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
16 9 = 16 + 9 16 9
= 25 16 9
= 25 (
16 9)
= 25 (4 3)
= 25 12 = 13
1

11
9
10 +
99
1
28.
+
=
1
1
?
2
+
9 11
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
1
1

9 11
1
1
. 9 +
11
.
10 + 99
1
]=
+[
x
2

11 9
10 +
99
1
]+ [
]=
[
x
2
11 + 9
( 11 9) ( 11 9 )
[
( 11 + 9) ( 11 9 )
( 11 9)
11 9
10 + 99
1
]+ [
]=
x
2
10 + 99
1
]=
+[
x
2
11 2 11 9 + 9
10 + 99
1
]+ [
]=
[
2
x
2
20 2 99
10 + 99
1
]+ [
]=
[
2
x
2
10 +
99
1
]=
(10 99 ) + [
x
2
(10 99 ) (10 + 99 )
x
(100 99)
1
=
x
2
1 1
=
x 2
1
2
x=2
29.
What is the square root of (8 + 2 15 )?
A. 25 + 23
B. 5 + 3
C. 2 + 6
D. 22 + 26

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
8 + 2
15 = 5 + 3 + 2 5 3
= ( 5) 2 + ( 3)2 + (2 5 3)
= ( 5 + 3)
2
(8
15 ) = ( 5 + 3) = 5 + 3
+
2
Hence,
30.
1
( 9 8)
1
( 8 7)
1
( 7 6)
1
( 6 5)
A. 1.5
B. .25
C. 0.5
D. 5
1
( 5 4)

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
( 9 + 8)
1
=
( 9 8)
( 9 8)( 9 + 8)
( 9 + 8)
= 9+ 8
98
Similarly all other terms can be rewritten. Thus,

1
1
1
1
1
+
( 9 8)
( 8 7)
( 7 6)
( 6 5)
( 5 4)
= ( 9 + 8) ( 8 + 7) + ( 7 + 6) ( 6 + 5) + ( 5 + 4)
= 9+ 4= 3+2 = 5
=?
I mportan t Formu las - Stocks an d Sh ares

1. Introduction
To start a big business or an industry, a large amount of money is required. This may be beyond the
capacity of one or two individuals. Hence, a number of individuals join hands to form a company called
Joint Stock Company.
2. Stock Capital
The total amount of money required by the company is called the stock Capital.
3. Shares or Stock
The whole capital of the company is divided into equal units. Each unit is called a share or a stock.
4. Shareholder or Stockholder
Each individual who purchases one or more shares is called a shareholder (stockholder) of the company.
The company issues share certificates to each of its shareholders indicating the number of shares
allocated and the value of each share.
5. F ace v alue
Face value of a share is the value printed on the share certificate. It is also called nominal value or par
value
The face value of a share always remains the same.
6. Market v alue
The stocks of different companies can be traded (bought or sold) in the market through brokers at stock
exchanges. The price at which a stock is traded in the market is called its market value.
a. If the market value of a stock is higher than its face value, the stock is traded at a premium or
above Par
b. If the market value of a stock is same as its face value, the stock is traded at par
c. If the market value of a stock is less than its face value, the stock is traded at a discount or
below Par
The market value (trading price) of a share can vary time to time.
Let's consider an example . Assume that the face value of a company X is Rs.10 and it is now traded
at a premium of Rs.2. Then its market value now is (Rs.10 + Rs.2) = Rs.12.
Similarly, if the company X having face value of Rs.10 is now traded at a discount of Rs.2, it means
the market value of X now is (Rs.10 Rs.2) is Rs.8
7. Dividend
The annual profit of a company is distributed among its shareholders. The distributed profit is called the
dividend.
Dividends are declared annually, semi-annually and quarterly as per the company regulations.
Dividend on a share is normally expressed as a certain percentage of its face value. Sometimes, it is also
expressed as a certain amount per share.
8. Brokerage
As we have seen earlier, stocks of different companies can be traded (bought or sold) in the market
through brokers at stock exchanges. The brokers charge is called brokerage
Brokerage is added to the cost price when the stock is purchased.
Brokerage is subtracted from the selling price when the stock is sold
Number of shares held by a person
9.
Total Investment of the person

Investment in 1 share
Total Income
Income from one share
Total Face Value

Face value of 1 share
10. What does the statem ent "Rs.100 , 8% stock at Rs.110" m ean?
It means,
The face value of the stock = Rs.100
Market value (MV) of the stock = Rs.110
Annual dividend per share = 8% of the face value =
100 8
= Rs.8
100
Ie, here , an investment of Rs.110 gives an annual income of Rs.8

Rate of interest per annum = Annual income from an investment of Rs.100 =
8 100
= 7.27%
110
Please note that generally investors invest in shares not merely because of this annual return. They
also will have a capital gain if the market value the share goes higher.
1. A man buys Rs. 20 shares paying 9% dividend. The man wants to have an interest of 12% on his
money. What is the market value of each share?
A. Rs.12
B. Rs.18
C. Rs.15
D. Rs.21

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Face value of each share = Rs.20
Dividend per share = 9% of 20 =
9 20
9
=
100
5
He needs to have an interest of 12% on his money
ie, Money Paid for a share

Money Paid for a share =
12
9
=
100 5
9 100
= 15
5
12
ie, Market Value of the share = Rs.15
2. A man invested Rs.1552 in a stock at 97 to obtain an income of Rs.128. What is the dividend from the
stock?
A. None of these
B. 9.7%
C. 7.5%
D. 8%

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
By investing Rs.1552, income = Rs.128
By investing Rs.97, income =
128 97
=8
1552
ie, dividend = 8%
3. The cost price of a Rs. 100 stock at 4 discount, when brokerage is

A. Rs. 96.25
B. Rs. 96.2
C. Rs. 97.25
D. Rs. 97.5
1
% is
5

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Cost Price = 100 4 +
1
= 96.2
5
4. In order to obtain an income of Rs. 650 from 10% stock at Rs. 96, one must make an investment of
A. Rs. 3100
B. Rs. 6500
C. Rs. 6240
D. Rs. 9600

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Market Value = Rs. 96.
Required Income = Rs. 650.
Here face value is not given. Take face value as Rs.100 if it is not given in the
question
To obtain Rs.10 (ie,10% of the face value 100), investment = Rs.96
To obtain Rs.650, investment =
5. By investing in
16
96
650 = 6240
10
2
% stock at 64, one earns Rs. 1500. The investment made is
3
A. Rs. 9600
B. Rs. 7500
C. Rs. 5640
D. Rs. 5760

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Market Value = Rs.64
Face Value is not given and hence take it as Rs.100
16
2
50
% of the face value =
3
3
ie, to earn
50
, investment = Rs.64
3
Hence, to earn Rs.1500, investment needed =
64 3 1500
= 5760
50
6. A man invested Rs. 4940 in Rs. 10 shares quoted at Rs. 9.50. If the rate of dividend be 14%, his annual
income is
A. Rs.728
B. Rs.648
C. Rs.720
D. Rs.622

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Market Value of a share = Rs.9.50
Investment = Rs.4940
Number of shares = 4940/9.50 = 520
Face Value of a share = Rs.10
dividend = 14%
dividend per share =
(10 14)
= Rs. 1.4
100
His annual income = 520 1.4 = Rs.728
7. A man invests some money partly in 12% stock at 105 and partly in 8% stock at 88. To obtain equal
dividends from both, he must invest the money in the ratio:
A. 31 : 44
B. 31 : 27
C. 16 : 15
D. 35 : 44

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
---------------------------------------------Solution 1
----------------------------------------------
In case of stock1, if he invest Rs.105, he will get a dividend of Rs.12 (assume

face value = 100)
In case of stock2, if he invest Rs.88, he will get a dividend of Rs.8 (assume
face value = 100)
ie, if he invest Rs.(88*12)/8, he will get a dividend of Rs.12
Required ratio = 105 : (88 12)/8 = 105 : (11 12) = 35 : (11 4) = 35 : 44
---------------------------------------------Solution 2
---------------------------------------------Let the amount of money he invest in 12% stock = P
Then, Number of shares = P/105 (where 105 is the market value per share)
Total dividend = (P/105) 12 (Assume face value = Rs.100 and hence dividend
per share = Rs.12)
Let the amount of money he invest in 8% stock = Q
Then, Number of shares = Q/88 (where 88 is the market value per share)
Total dividend = (Q/88) 8 (Assume face value = Rs.100 and hence dividend
per share = Rs.8)
If both needs to give equal dividends,
P
Q
12 =
8
105
88
P
8 105
105
35
35
=
=
=
=
Q 88 12
11 12
11 4
44
P:Q = 35:44
8. A man bought 40 shares of Rs. 60 at 5 discount, the rate of dividend being

obtained is
A. 13.64%
B. 15.5%
C. 14%
D. 14.25%

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
12
1
% The rate of interest
2
He bought each share at Rs.60 - Rs.5 = Rs.55

Number of shares = 40
Dividend = 12
1
25
%=
%
2
2
Dividend per share =
60 25
= Rs. 7.5
2 100
Total dividend = (40 7.5)

ie, He got a dividend of (40 7.5) for an investment of Rs.(40 55)
Interest obtained =
40 7.5 100
= 13.64%
40 55
9. By investing Rs. 1800 in 9% stock, Syam earns Rs. 120. The stock is then quoted at
A. Rs.135
B. Rs. 96
C. Rs. 85
D. Rs. 122

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Assume that face value = Rs.100.
Dividend per share = Rs.9 (as it is a 9% stock)
By investing Rs. 1800, he earns Rs.120
Investment needed to earn Rs.9 =
1800 9
= Rs.135
120
ie, stock is then quoted (then market value) = Rs.135
10. The market value of a 10.5% stock, in which an income of Rs. 756 is derived by investing Rs. 9000,
brokerage being 14 %, is:
A. Rs. 124.75
B. Rs. 108.25
C. Rs. 125.25
D. Rs. 112.20

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Assume that face value = Rs.100
Dividend per share = Rs.10.5 (as it is 10.5% stock)
By investing Rs.9000, earnings = Rs.756
To get an earning of Rs.10.5, investment required =
9000 10.5
= Rs.125
756
ie,market value of Rs. 100 stock = Rs.(125- 1/4) = Rs.124.75
11. A 14% stock yielding 8% is quoted at:

A. Rs. 125
B. Rs. 83.33
C. Rs. 120
D. Rs. 175

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Assume that face value = Rs.100 as it is not given
To earn Rs.8, money invested = Rs.100
To earn Rs.14, money invested =
100 14
= Rs.175
8
ie, market value of the stock = Rs.175
12. Which is better investment: 11% stock at 143 or

A.
3
% stock at 120
4
C. 11% stock at 143
3
% stock at 120?
4
B. Cannot be compared, as the total amount of investment is not given.

D. Both are equally good

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Assume that face value of both stocks are Rs.100 as it is not given.
Hence, dividend per share in 1st case is Rs.11
and dividend per share in 2nd case is Rs.39/4
Assume that investment in each case is (Rs.143 Rs.120)
Number of shares once can purchase in 1st case =
143 120
= 120
143
Income in 1st case = Rs.(120 11) = Rs.1320
Number of shares once can purchase in 2nd case =
143 120
= 143
120
Income in 2nd case = 143 39/4 = Rs.1394.25
Hence, 9
3
% stock at 120 is better
4
13. Sakshi invests a part of Rs. 12,000 in 12% stock at Rs. 120 and the remainder in 15% stock at Rs.
125. If his total dividend per annum is Rs. 1360, how much does he invest in 12% stock at Rs. 120?
A. Rs. 6000
B. Rs. 4500
C. Rs. 5500
D. Rs. 4000

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let Sakshi invests Rs.x in 12% stock
and he invests (12000-x) in 15% stock
and dividend per share in 2nd case is Rs.15
Number of 12% shares he can purchase with Rs.x = x/120
Total dividend from 12% shares =
x 12
120
Number of 15% shares he can purchase with Rs.(12000-x) = (12000-x)/125
Total dividend from 15% shares =

Total dividend = Rs.1360
(12000 x) 15
125
(12000 x) 15
x 12
+
120
125
(12000 x) 3
x
+
10
25
= 1360
= 1360
5x + 6(12000 x) = 1360 50
5x + 72000 6x = 68000
x = 4000
14. Rs. 9800 are invested partly in 9% stock at 75 and 10% stock at 80 to have equal amount of incomes.
The investment in 9% stock is:
A. Rs. 4800
B. Rs. 5400
C. Rs. 5000
D. Rs. 5600

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
and dividend per share in 2nd case is Rs.10
Let investment in 9% stock = Rs.x
and investment in 10% stock = Rs.(9800-x)
Market value of a 9% stock= Rs.75
Number of 9% stocks he can purchase with Rs.x = x/75
Total dividend from 9% stocks =
x9
75
Market value of a 10% stock = Rs.80

Number of 10% stocks he can purchase with Rs.(9800-x) = (9800-x)/80
Total dividend from 10% stocks =
(9800 x) 10
80
incomes fom both of the investments is same
(9800 x) 10
x9
=
75
80
(9800 x)
x3
=
25
8
24x = 25 9800 25x
49x = 25 9800
x=
25 9800
= 25 200 = 5000
49
ie, investment in 9% stock = Rs.5000
15. A 6% stock yields 8%. The market value of the stock is:
A. Rs. 133.33
B. Rs. 96
C. Rs. 75
D. Rs. 48

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Assume that face value = Rs.100 as it is not given
To earn Rs.8, money invested = Rs.100
To earn Rs.6, money invested =
100 6
100 3
=
= 25 3 = 75
8
4
ie, market value of the stock = Rs.75
16. 12500 shares, of par value Rs. 20 each, are purchased from Ram by Mohan at a price of Rs. 25 each.
Find the amount required to purchase the shares.
A. 312500
B. 311500
C. 313500
D. 314500

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Market value of each share = Rs.25

Amount required to purchase the shares = 12500 25 = 312500
17. 12500 shares, of par value Rs. 20 each, are purchased from Ram by Mohan at a price of Rs. 25 each.
If Mohan further sells the shares at a premium of Rs. 11 each, find his gain in the transaction.
A. Rs. 75000
B. Rs. 70000
C. Rs. 85000
D. Rs. 65000

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Market value of each share = Rs.25
Amount required to purchase the shares = 12500 25 = 312500
Mohan further sells the shares at a premium of Rs. 11 each
ie, Mohan further sells the shares at Rs.(20+11) = Rs.31 per share
total amount he gets by selling all the shares = 12500 31 = 387500
His gain = 387500 - 312500 = Rs.75000
18. Find the annual dividend received by Nishita from 1200 preferred shares and 3000 common shares both
of par value Rs. 50 each if the dividend paid on preferred shares is 10% and semi-annual dividend of 3 %
is declared on common shares.
A. Rs. 18500
B. Rs. 16500
C. Rs. 14500
D. Rs. 19500

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Total number of preferred shares = 1200
Face value = Rs.50
dividend paid on preferred shares is 10%
50 10
= Rs.5
100
Total Dividend = 1200 5 = 6000

Total number of common shares = 3000
Face value = Rs.50
Semi-annual dividend of 3 % is declared on common shares.
semi-annual dividend per share =

Total semi-annual dividend =
50 7
7
= Rs.
2 100
4
7
3000 = Rs.5250
4
annual dividend = Rs.5250 2 = Rs.10500

Total dividend on all all shares(preferred and common) = 6000 + 10500 =
Rs.16500
19. A man invested Rs. 26000 in 5% stock at 104. He sold the stock when the price rose to Rs. 120 and
invested the sale proceeds in 6% stock. By doing this his income increased by Rs. 2500. At what price did
he purchase the second stock?
A. Rs. 125
B. Rs. 48
C. Rs. 24
D. None of these

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Assuming that face value of the first stock = Rs.100 as it is not given in the
question
Since it is a 5% stock, we can take the dividend per stock = Rs.5
Market Value of the first stock = Rs.104
Investment on the first stock = Rs.26000
Number of stocks purchases = 26000/104 = 250
His total income from all these stocks = Rs.250 5 = Rs.1250
He sells each of this stock at Rs.120

ie, amount he earns = Rs.120 250 = Rs.30000
He invest this Rs.30000 in 6% stock (here also face value is not given and
hence take it as Rs.100)
His new income = Rs.(1250 + 2500) = Rs.3750
ie, By Rs.30000 of investment , he earns an income of Rs.3750
To get an income of Rs.6, investment needed =
30000 6
= Rs.48
3750
This is the market value of the second stock
20. Anu invested Rs. 32400 in 8% stock at 90. She sold out Rs. 18000 stock when the price rose to Rs 95
and the remaining stock at Rs.98. She invested the total sale proceeds in 10% stock at 96. Find the
change in income of Anu.
A. Rs.2220
B. Rs.120
C. Rs.2720
D. Rs.720

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Since the face value of the stock is not given, we can take it as Rs.100
it is an 8% stock. ie, dividend per stock = Rs.8
Total investment = Rs.32400
Amount of stock she purchased =
32400 100
= Rs.36000
90
Number of shares she purchased = 32400/90 = 360

Total income = 360 8 = Rs.2880
She sold out Rs. 18000 stock when the price was Rs.95
Amount received by selling Rs.18000 stock at Rs.95 =
18000 95
= Rs.17100
100
Amount received by selling remaining Rs.18000 stock at Rs.98 =
18000 98
= Rs.17640
100
Total amount received = Rs. (17100 + 17640) = Rs. 34740

This Rs.34740 is invested in 10% stock at 96
34740
= 360
193
(
)
2
Number of shares =
Total income from these stocks = 360 10 = Rs.3600

Change in income = Rs.3600 - Rs.2880 = Rs.720
21. A man bought 20 shares of Rs. 50 at 5 discount, the rate of dividend being
obtained is
A. 12.5%
B. 15%
C. 15.5%
D. 17%

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
He bought each share at Rs.50 - Rs.5 = Rs.45
Dividend = 13
1
27
%=
%
2
2
50 27
= Rs. 6.75
2 100
Total dividend = (20 6.75)

ie, He got a dividend of (20 6.75) for an investment of Rs.(20 45)
Interest obtained =
20 6.75 100
= 15%
20 45
22. Find the income on 7 % stock of Rs. 2000 purchased at Rs. 80.
A. Rs.6
B. Rs.160
C. Rs.148
D. Rs.150
13
1
% The rate of interest
2

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Face Value of the stock = Rs.2000
Dividend is 7
Dividend =
1
15
%=
% of the face value
2
2
2000 15
= Rs.150
2 100
23. John buys 100 shares of par value Rs. 5 each, of a company, which pays an annual dividend of 12% at
such a price that he gets 10% on his investment. Find the market value of a share.
A. Rs.6
B. Rs.12
C. Rs.4
D. Rs.8

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Total dividend received by John = 100 5
12
= Rs.60
100
Let market value of 100 shares = Rs.x
10
= 60
100
x = 600
ie, Market value of 100 shares = Rs.600
Hence, Market value of each share = Rs.6
24. A man invested Rs. 5050 in 5% stock at 99 and sold it when the price rose to Rs. 101. He invested the
sale proceeds in 8% stock at 88. Find the change in man's income if the Brokerage is Rs. 2.
A. 0
B. Rs.160
C. Rs.180
D. Rs.190

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Purchase price of the first stock = Rs.99 + Rs.2 = Rs.101
Number of stocks purchased in this case = 5050/101 = 50
Since the face value is not given, it can be taken as Rs.100. So, dividend per
share = Rs.5
Income = 50 5 = Rs.250
Sale Price of the stock = 101-2 = 99
Amount received by selling the stock = 50 99 = 4950
Then he invests this Rs.4950 in 8% stock at 88
Purchase price of this stock = 88+2 = 90
Number of stocks purchased in this case = 4950/90 = 55
Since the face value is not given, it can be taken as Rs.100. So, dividend per
share = Rs.8
Income = 55 8 = Rs.440
Change in income = 440-250 = Rs.190
25. To produce an annual income of Rs. 800 from a 8% stock at 90, the amount of stock needed is:
A. Rs.10000
B. Rs.14400
C. Rs.10800
D. Rs.16000

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Since face value is not given, take it as Rs.100.
As it is an 8% stock, income (dividend) per stock = Rs.8
ie, For an income of Rs.8,amount of stock needed = Rs.100
For an income of Rs.800, amount of stock needed =
100 800
= 10000
8
26. A man sells 4000 common shares of a Company x (each of par value Rs. 10), which pays a dividend of
40% at Rs. 30 per share. He invests the sale proceeds in ordinary shares of Company Y (each of par value
Rs. 25) that pays a dividend of 15%. If the market value of Company Y is Rs. 15, find the number of
shares of Company Y purchased by the man
A. 8000
B. 12000
C. 16000
D. None of these

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Just too much information is given in the question to confuse. This is a straight
and simple question
Market Value of Company X (his selling price) = Rs.30
Total shares sold = 4000
Amount he gets = Rs.(4000 30)
He invests this amount in ordinary shares of Company Y
Market Value of Company Y(His purchasing price) = 15
Number of shares of company Y which he purchases =
4000 30
= 8000
15
27. A company issued 20000 shares of par value Rs. 10 each. If the total divided declared by the company
is Rs.24000, find the rate of dividend paid by the company.
A. 12%
B. 12.5%
C. 14%
D. 14.5%

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
divided per share = 10
R
where R is the rate of interest
100
Total divided = 20000 10
R
100
20000 10
R=
R
= 24000
100
24000
= 12
2000
ie, divided = 12%
28. A company declared a semi-annual dividend of 12%. Find the annual dividend of Sam owing 2000
shares of the company having a par value of Rs. 10 each.
A. Rs.4800
B. Rs.2400
C. Rs.3600
D. None of these

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
semi-annual dividend =
10 12
= Rs.1.2
100
Total semi-annual dividend = 2000 1.2 = Rs.2400

Total annual dividend = 2 Rs.2400 = Rs.4800
29. A company has issued 500 preferred shares and 400 common shares both of par value Rs. 100 each.
The dividend on a preferred share and a common share is 8% and 12%, respectively. The company had a
total profit of 150000 rupees out of which some amount was kept in reverse fund and the remaining
disturbed as dividend. Find the amount kept in reserve fund.
A. Rs.141200
B. Rs.160000
C. Rs.7200
D. Rs.182200

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Face value of each preferred share = 100
Dividend per preferred share =
100 8
100
Total dividend in all preferred shares =
500 100 8
= Rs.4000
100
Face value of each common share = 100
Dividend per common share =
100 12
100
Total dividend in all common shares =
400 100 12
100
= Rs.4800
Total dividend = Rs.4000 + Rs.4800 = Rs.8800

amount kept in reserve fund = Rs.150000 - Rs.8800 = Rs.141200
30. Arun invested Rs. 333000 in 5 % stocks at 110 .If brokerage is Rs.1, what is his annual income from
his investment.
A. Rs.16500
B. Rs.12500
C. Rs.16000
D. Rs.18000

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Investment = Rs.333000
Since face value is not given, we can take it as Rs.100
and dividend per share = Rs.11/2
Market Value = 110 + 1 = 111
Number of shares purchased = 333000/111 = 3000
Total income = 3000
11
= Rs.16500
2
31. Find the income on 8% stock of Rs.1200 purchased at Rs.120?

A. Rs.96
B. Rs.66
C. Rs.90
D. Rs.88

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Face Value = Rs.1200
Dividend (income)=
1200 8
= Rs.96
100
I mportant Concepts and Formulas - A lgebra (I nclusive of Surds

and I ndices )
I.
Basic A lgebraic Formulas
1.
a(b + c) = ab + ac
2.
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
3.
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
4.
(a + b) + (a b) = 2(a 2 + b2 )
5.
(a + b) = a 3 + 3a 2 b + 3a b2 + b3 = a 3 + 3ab(a + b) + b3
6.
(a b) = a 3 3a 2 b + 3a b b = a 3 3ab(a b) b
7.
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
8.
a 3 + b3 = (a + b)(a 2 ab + b2 )
9.
a 3 b3 = (a b)(a 2 + ab + b2 )
(Distributive Law)
10.
a n bn = (a b)(a n1 + a n2 b + a n3 b2 + ... + bn1 )
11.
(a + b + c) = a 2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
12.
(a + b)(a + c) = a 2 + (b + c)a + bc
1.
a n = a. a. a ... (n times)
2.
a m . a n . . . a p = a m+n+...+p
3.
a m . a n = a m+n
4.
am
= a mn
an
5.
(a m ) = amn = (a n )
6.
(ab) n = an bn
7.
a
( )
b
8.
a n =
9.
an =
an
bn
1
an
1
a n
10.
a 0 = 1 where a R, a 0
11.
q p
a p/q =
a
12.
if a m = a n where a 0 and a 1, then m = n
13.
if a n = bn where n 0, then a = b
1.
(x + a ) = x 2 + 2ax + a 2
2.
(x a ) = x 2 2ax + a 2
3.
(x + a)(x + b) = x 2 + (a + b)x + ab
4.
x 2 a 2 = (x a)(x + a)
5.
(x n + 1) is completely divisible by (x + 1) when n is odd
6.
7.
(x n a n ) is completely divisible by (x a) for every natural number n
8.
Binom ial Theorem
If a and b are any real numbers and n is a positive integer,
(a + b)
= a n + na n1 b +
n(n 1) n2 2 n(n 1)(n 2)

a b +
2!
3!
a n3 b3 + +
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
r!
anr br + + bn
n
n
n
n
n
n
= ( ) a n + ( ) a n1 b + ( ) a n2 b2 + ( ) an3 b3 + + ( ) a nr br + + ( ) bn
0
1
2
3
r
n
n
n nr r
= ( )a b
r
r=0
n
where ( ) is known as Binomial Coefficient and is defined by
r
n
n!
( )=
r
(r!)(n r)!
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
r!
n
where r = 1,2,...,n and ( ) = 1
0
Binomial Coefficient also occurs in many other mathematical areas than algebra, especially in combinatorics where
( nr ) represents the number of combinations of n distinct things taking r at a time and is denoted by nCr or C(n,r).
The properties of binomial coefficients have led to extending its meaning beyond the basic case where n and r are
nonnegative integers with r n; such expressions are also called binomial coefficients.
Binom ial Ex pansions

0
(a + b) = 1
1
(a + b) = a + b
2
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
3
(a + b) = a 3 + 3a 2 b + 3a b2 + b3
4
(a + b) = a 4 + 4a 3 b + 6 a2 b + 4a b + b
... and so on
Binom ial Series

One of Newton's achievement was to extend the Binomial Theorem to the case where n can be any real number.
If n is any real number and -1 < x < 1, then
(1 + x)
= 1 + nx +
n(n 1)
n(n 1)(n 2)
x2 +
2!
3!
x3 +
n
n
n
n
= ( ) x 0 + ( ) x 1 + ( ) x2 + ( ) x 3 +
0
1
2
3
n
= ( ) xr
r
r=0
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
n
where ( ) =
r
r!
II.
n
where r 1 and ( ) = 1
0
Surds and I mportant P roperties

i.
Surds
Let
a be a rational number and n be a positive integer such that n a is irrational. Then n a is called a surd of order n.
Examples :
3
4 3 is a surd of order 2
3
9 , 27 etc are not surds because they are not irrational numbers
are irrational numbers.)
ii.
Quadratic Surds
, e etc are not surds though they
A surd of order 2 is called a quadratic surd

Examples :
iii.
2, 3, (3 + 5), etc.
Rules of Surds
1.
2.
m n = mn
m
=
n
n
3.
1 n
4.
a. a. a = a
5.
if
1.
The conjugate surd of
2.

then a = c and b = d
a
a + a +
a + b = ( a b)
a + b= c+ d
i.e., rational part on the left side = rational part on the right side.
and irrational part on the left side = irrational part on the right side.
3.
III.

then a = 0 and b = d
a + b= d ,
Quadratic Equations and How to Solve Quadratic Equations

A . Quadratic Equations
A quadratic equation is a second degree univariate polynomial equation.
A quadratic equation can be written as (general form or standard form of quadratic equation)
a x 2 + bx + c = 0
Example :
where x is a variable, a, b and c are constants and
x 2 + 5x + 6 = 0
(Please note that if a=0, equation becomes a linear equation)

The solutions of a quadratic equation are called its roots.
B. How to Solve Quadratic Equations
a0
There are many methods to solve Quadratic equations. Quadratic equations can be solved by factoring, completing the
square, graphing, Newton's method, and using the quadratic formula. We can go through some of the popular methods for
solving quadratic equations here.
1.
How to Solve Quadratic Equations By Factoring
Step 1: Write the quadratic equation in standard form.

i.e. , bring all terms on the left side of the equal sign and 0 on the right side of the equal sign.
Step 2: Factor the left side of the equation
Step 3: Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
Factoring is one of the fastest ways for solving quadratic equations. The concept will be clear from the following
examples.
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
Step 1 : Write the quadratic equation in standard form.
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
x 2 + 4x 11 x + 1 = 0
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
We know that
Assume
x 2 + (a + b)x + ab = (x + a)(x + b)
. We will use the same concept for factoring.
x 2 + 3x 10 = x 2 + (a + b)x + ab
We need to find out a and b such that a + b = 3 and ab = -10

a = +5 and b = -2 satisfies the above condition.
Hence
x 2 + 3x 10 = (x + 5)(x 2)
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x + 5)(x 2) = 0
(x + 5)(x - 2) = 0
=> (x + 5) = 0 or (x - 2) = 0
=> x = -5 or 2
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
are x = -5 and x = 2.
(In other words, x = -5 and x = 2 are the roots of the quadratic equation
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1

Here we need to find out a and b such that a + b = -7 and ab = +10
a = -5 and b = -2 satisfies the above condition.
Hence
Hence,
x 2 7x + 10 = (x 5)(x 2)
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x 5)(x 2) = 0
(x - 5)(x - 2) = 0
=> (x - 5) = 0 or (x - 2) = 0
=> x = 5 or 2
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0

Here we need to follow a slightly different approach for factoring because here the coefficient of x2 1 (whereas In
example 1 and example 2, the coefficient of x2 was 1)
Hence, to factor
3x 2 8 = 24x 2
2. We got product as 24x2 and have middle term as -14x. From this , it is clear that we can take -12x and -2x such
that their sum is -14x and product is 24x2
Hence,
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
Hence,
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
= 3x
12x 2x + 8 = 3x(x 4) 2(x 4) = (x 4)(3x 2)
(x 4)(3x 2) = 0
(x - 5)(x - 2) = 0
=> (x - 4) = 0 or (3x - 2) = 0
=> x = 4 or
2
.
3

3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
are x = 4 and x =
2
3
2
2
3
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0

coefficient of x2 1
Hence, to factor
6x 2 12 = 72x 2
2. We got product as 72x2 and have middle term as -17x. From this , it is clear that we can take -8x and -9x such that
their sum is -17x and product is 72x2
Hence,
6x 2 17x + 12 = 6x 2 8x 9x + 12 = 2x(3x 4) 3(3x 4) = (3x 4)(2x 3)
Hence,
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0
(3x 4)(2x 3) = 0
(3x - 4)(2x - 3) = 0
=> (3x - 4) = 0 or (2x - 3) = 0
=> x =
4
3
or
.
3
2

6x 2 17x + 12 = 0
are x =
4
3
and x = .
3
2
4
3
2
and x =
3
2
(Special Factorization Examples)

x2 9 = 0

Here,x
9 is in the form a 2 b2 where a = x and b = 3
We know that
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
x 2 9 = x 2 32 = (x 3)(x + 3)
Hence,
x2 9 = 0
(x 3)(x + 3) = 0
(x - 3)(x + 3) = 0
=> x = 3 or -3
x2 9 = 0
x2 9 = 0
25x 2 16 = 0

2
25x 2 16 = (5x) 42 = (5x 4)(5x + 4)

Hence,
25x 2 16 = 0
(5x 4)(5x + 4) = 0
Step 3 : Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
(5x - 4)(5x + 4) = 0
=>5x = 4 or -4
x=
4
4
.
or
5
5

25x 2 16 = 0
are x =
4
4
and x =
5
5
4
4
2
and x =
are the roots of the quadratic equation 25x 16 = 0
5
5
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0

Here,x 2
+ 6x + 9
We know that
is in the form a2
+ 2ab + b2
a 2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)
x 2 + 6x + 9 = x 2 + 2 x 3 + 32 = (x + 3 )2
Hence,
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
(x + 3) 2 = 0
Step 3 :
(x + 3) 2 = 0
=> x + 3 = 0
=> x = -3
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
is x = -3
(In other words, x = -3 is the root of the quadratic equation
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
x 2 6x + 9 = 0

Here,x
6x + 9
We know that
is in the form a
2ab + b2
a 2 2ab + b2 = (a b) 2
x 2 6x + 9 = x 2 2 x 3 + 32 = (x 3 )2
Hence,
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
2
(x 3) = 0
Step 3 :
2
(x 3) = 0
=> x - 3 = 0
=> x = 3
x 2 6x + 9 = 0
(In other words, x = 3 is the root of the quadratic equation
2.
is x = 3
x 2 6x + 9 = 0
How to Solve Quadratic Equations By Quadratic Formula
Quadratic F orm ula

Consider a quadratic equation
Its solutions can be given by
a x 2 + bx + c = 0
where
a0
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
x 2 + 4x 11 x + 1 = 0
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1

b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
3 7
2
4
10
or
2
2
3 32 4 1 (10)
21
9
+ 40
3
2
= 2 or 5
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
7 9
73
=
2
2
10
4
or
2
2
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
2
7 (7) 4 1 10
21
7 49 40
2
= 5 or 2
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
2
b b 4ac
x=
2a
14 100
14 10
=
6
6
24
4
or
6
6
= 4 or
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
2
14 (14) 4 3 8
23
x 2 7x + 10 = 0)
14 196 96
6
2
3

3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
are x = 4 and x =
2
3
2
are the roots of the quadratic equation 3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
3
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0

b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
17 1
17 1
=
12
12
18
16
or
12
12
3
4
or
2
3
2
17 (17) 4 6 12
26

6 4
2
17 289 288
12
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0
are x =
4
3
and x = .
3
2
4
3
2
and x =
3
2
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
2
6 (6) 4 1 10
21
x 2 + 6x + 10 = 0
6 36 40
=
2
6 2i
2
= 3 i
= (3 + i) or (3 i)
x 2 + 6x + 10 = 0
are x =(-3 + i) and x = (-3 - i)
(In other words, x =(-3 + i) and x = (-3 - i) are the roots of the quadratic equation
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
2
6 (6) 4 1 9
21
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
=
6 (36 36
21
6 0
6
=
2
2
= 3
(In other words,
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
is
x = 3
x = 3 is the roots of the quadratic equation x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
x2 9 = 0
x 2 + 6x + 10 = 0

b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
0 (0) 2 4 1 (9)
21

36
2
6
2
= 3 or 3
x2 9 = 0
x2 9 = 0
C. How to find out the number of solutions(roots) of a quadratic equation quickly?
To find out the number of solutions (roots) of a quadratic equation

2
discriminant, D. The discriminant, D = b
4ac
a x 2 + bx + c = 0
quickly, we need to find out the
If the discriminant is positive, there will be two real solutions for the quadratic equation.
If the discriminant is 0, there will be one real solution (it repeats itself) for the quadratic equation.
If the discriminant is negative, there will be two complex solutions for the quadratic equation.
Ex am ple1 :
2
Discriminant, D = b
D > 0. Hence
x 2 7x + 12 = 0
4ac = (72 ) (4 1 12) = 49 48 = 1.
x 2 7x + 12 = 0
will have two real roots.
x 2 7x + 12 = 0 (x 3)(x 4) = 0 x = 3 or 4.
Yes, two real roots we got.
Ex am ple2 :
2
Discriminant, D = b
D = 0. Hence
x 2 4x + 4 = 0
4ac = (42 ) (4 1 4) = 16 16 = 0.
x 2 4x + 4 = 0
will have one real root (it repeats itself)
x 2 4x + 4 = 0 (x 2) 2 = 0 x = 2
Yes, real root (it repeats itself).
Ex am ple3 :
2
Discriminant, D = b
D < 0. Hence
x2 + 1 = 0
4ac = (02 ) (4 1 1) = 0 4 = 4
x2 + 1 = 0
will have two complex roots
x2 + 1 = 0
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
0 02 4 1 1

4
2 i
04
=
=
=
=
=i
21
2
2
2
Yes, we got two complex roots, +i and -i
D. Sum and P roducts of the roots of a quadratic equation
Let
x 1 and x 2 are the roots of a quadratic equation a x 2 + bx + c = 0 where a 0
Sum of the roots of the quadratic equation,
x1 + x2 =
Product of the roots of the quadratic equation,
b
a
x1 x2 =
c
a
sum of the roots=
b
7
= =7
a
1
c 10
=
= 10
a
1
sum of the roots=
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
b
3
=
a
2
c 1
=
a 2
2x 2 + 3x + 1 = 0
1. (132)7 (132)? = (132)11.5.

A. 3
B. 3.5
C. 4
D. 4.5

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
a m . a n = a m+n
(132)7 (132)x = (132)11.5
=> 7 + x = 11.5
=> x = 11.5 - 7 = 4.5
2.
a
( )
b
x2
x7
b
=( )
a
. What is the value of x ?
A. 3
B. 3.5
C. 4
D. 4.5

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
1
a n
an =
a
( )
b
x2
a
( )
b
b
=( )
a
x2
x7
a
=( )
b
(x7)
x 2 = (x 7)
x 2 = x + 7
x 2 = x + 7
2x = 9
x=
9
= 4.5
2
3. If 7(x - y) = 343 and 7(x + y) = 16807, what is the value of x?

A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
7(x - y) = 343 = 73
=> x - y = 3 ---------------------------(Equation 1)
7(x + y) = 16807 = 75
=> x + y = 5 ---------------------------(Equation 2)
(Equation 1)+ (Equation 2) => 2x = 3 + 5 = 8
=> x = 82 = 4
4. (0.04)-2.5 = ?
A. 125
B. 25
C. 3125
D. 625

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
a n =
(0.04)
1
an
2.5
.
2
= (5 )
=(
5
2
2.5
1
)
.04
=(
100
)
4
2.5
= 5 = 3125
5. (6)6.5 (36)4.5 (216)4.5 = (6)?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 6

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
(6)6.5 (36)4.5 (216)4.5
= (6)6.5 [(6)2]4.5 [(6)3]4.5
= (6)6.5 (6)9 (6)13.5
= (6)(6.5 + 9 - 13.5)
= (6)2
6.
1 + P (nm)
A.
C.
1 + P (mn)
1
B.
1+P
1
D.
P
=?

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
= (25)
2.5
2
= (5 )
2.5
1
1+P
=
1
Pn
1+ m
P
Pm
+P
P
P
m
m
(nm)
1 + P (mn)
1
Pm
1+ n
P
Pn
+P
+P
+P
=1
7.
If x = (8 + 3 7) , what is the value of ( x
A.

12
B.
C.
D.
4

14

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
( x
1
)
x
= x2+
= x+
1
x
1
2
x
= (8 + 3 7) +
= (8 + 3 7) +
= (8 + 3 7) +
= (8 + 3 7) +
= (8 + 3 7) +
1
2
(8 + 3 7)
(8 3 7)
(8 + 3 7) (8 3 7)
(8 3 7)
82 (3 7)
(8 3 7)
64 63
(8 3 7)
1
= 8 + 3 7 + 8 3 7 2
= 14
We got that ( x
Hence , ( x
1
)
x
1
) =
14
x
= 14
1
)?
x
8. if 6m = 46656, What is the value of 6m-2

A. 36
B. 7776
C. 216
D. 1296

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
am
= a mn
an
Given that 6m = 46656
6m2 =
6m
62
46656
62
46656
= 1296
36
-------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2--------------------------------------------------------------------------6 m = 46656

6 46656 6 7776 6 1296 6 216 6 36
Hence, 46656 = 66
Thus, we got that 6m = 66
=> m = 6
6m-2 = 6(6-2) = 64 = 1296
9. 10222 10220 = ?
A. 10
B. 100
C. 1000
D. 10000

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
am
= a mn
an
10222 10220 = 10222 - 220 = 102 = 100
10. If m and n are whole numbers and mn = 196, what is the value of (m - 3)(n+1) ?
A. 2744
B. 1
C. 121
D. 1331

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
mn = 196
We know that 142 = 196
Hence we can take m = 14 and n = 2
(m - 3)(n+1) = (14 - 3)(2+1) = 113 = 1331
(1024)
11.
n/5
42n+1
16 4n1
n
A. 256
B. 64
C. 16
D. 9
=?

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
(1024)
n/5
2n+1
n1
16 4
n/5
(45 )
42n+1
2 n
n1
(4 ) 4
4n 42n+1
42n 4n1
= 4(n+2n+1)(2n)(n1)
= 42
= 16
12.
x4
a
If ( )
b
b
=( )
a
x8
, what is the value of x?
A. 4
B. 6
C. 8
D. 10

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
1
a n
an =
a
( )
b
x4
a
( )
b
b
=( )
a
x4
x8
a
=( )
b
(x8)
x 4 = (x 8)
x 4 = x + 8
2x = 12
x=
12
=6
2
13. If 1000.20 = x, 100.60 = y and xz = y2, what is the value of z?

A. 3
B. 6
C. 4.2
D. 2.2

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
(a m ) n = amn = (a n ) m
x = (100)0.2
y = (10)0.6
xz = y2
=> (1000.2)z = (100.6)2
=> 1000.2z = 10(0.6 2)
=> (102)0.2z = 10(0.6 2)
=> 10(2 0.2z)= 10(0.6 2)
=> 2 0.2z = 0.6 2
( powers are equal as base values are equal in both side)
=> 0.2z = 0.6
z=
14.
.6 6
= =3
.2 2
xq
)
xr
(q+rp)
.(
(r+pq)
xr
)
xp
.(
xp
)
xq
A. x(a - b - c)
B. .5
C. 1
D. x(a + b + c)
(p+qr)
=?

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
xq
)
xr
(q+rp)
= [x (qr) ]
.(
xr
)
xp
(q+rp)
(r+pq)
. [x (rp) ]
.(
xp
)
xq
(r+pq)
(p+qr)
. [x (pq) ]
(p+qr)
= x[(q - r)(q + r - p) + (r - p)(r + p - q) + (p - q)(p + q - r)]

= x[(q - r)(q + r)- p(q - r) + (r - p)(r + p) - q(r - p) + (p - q)(p + q) - r(p - q)]
2
2
2
2
2
2
= x[(q - r ) - p(q - r) + (r - p ) - q(r - p) + (p - q ) - r(p - q)]
2
2
2
2
2
2
= x[(q - r + r - p + p - q ) - p(q - r) - q(r - p) - r(p - q)]
= x[0 - p(q - r) - q(r - p) - r(p - q)]

= x[- p(q - r) - q(r - p) - r(p - q)]
= x[-pq + pr -qr + pq - rp + rq ]
= x[0]
=1
15.
1
1 + x (qp) + x (rp)
1
1 + x (pq) + x (rq)
A. 0
B. 1
C. .5
D. 2

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
1
1 + x (qr) + x (pr)
=?
1
1 + x (qp)
+ x (rp)
1
xq xr
1+ p + p
x
x
xp
xp + xq + xr
xp + xq + xr
xp + xq + xr
+ x (rq)
1
xp xr
1+ q + q
x
x
1
1 + x (pq)
xq
xq + xp + xr
1
1 + x (qr)
1
xq xp
1+ r + r
x
x
xr
xr + xq + xp
=1
16.
65610.14 65610.11 = ?
A. 16
B. 9
C. 4
D. 1

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
a m . a n = a m+n
(a m ) n = amn = (a n ) m
65610.14 65610.11 = 6561(0.14 + 0.11)= 6561(0.25)
= 6561(1/4) = (38)(1/4) = 38/4 = 32 = 9
17. What is the value of (2 4 5)5n

A. 25n + 45n + 55n
C. (40)
B. (405)n
D. (40n)5
5n

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
(a m ) n = amn = (a n ) m
(2 4 5)5n = (40)5n = (405)n = (40n)5
18.
If ( 3)
= 6561, (n)
64
C. 16 3
A.
3/2
=?
64 3
D. 16
B.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
+ x (pr)
a p/q = q
ap
( 3)
= 6561
( 3)
= ( 3 )
16
n = 16
(n) 3/2 = (16) 3/2 = 163 = 16

16 = 16 4 = 64
19. 5x 23 = 36. 5(x+1) = ?

A. 22
B. 21
C. 20.5
D. 22.5

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
a m . a n = a m+n
5x 23 = 36
5x =
36
23
5(x+1) = 5x 5 =
20.
36
36 5
5 =
222
23
95
= 22.5
2
36120 = (36 x )40 . What is the value of x?
A. 44
B. 44
C. 62
D. 64

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
(ab) n = an bn
am
= a mn
an
(a m ) n = amn = (a n ) m
36120 = (36 x ) 40
36120 = 3640 x 40
x 40 =
36120
= 36(12040) = 3680
3640
( x 2 ) 40 = 3680
( x ) 80 = 3680
x = 36
x = 362 = 64
21. (6561)(1/2) + (6561)(1/4) + (6561)(1/8) = ?

A. 98
B. 86
C. 93
D. 81

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
3 6561
3 2187
3 729
3 243
3 81
3 27
3 9
3 9
Hence, 6561 = 38
(6561)(1/2) + (6561)(1/4) + (6561)(1/8)
= (38)(1/2) + (38)(1/4) + (38)(1/8)
= (3)(8/2) + (3)(8/4) + (3)(8/8)
= (3)4 + (3)2 + (3)1
= 81 + 9 + 3
= 93
22.

3n = 6561. 3 n = ?
A. 81
B. 9
C. 16
D. 25

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
3 6561
3 2187
3 729
3 243
3 81
3 27
Hence, 6561 = 38
Given that 3n = 6561
3n = 38
3n = 316
n = 16
3 n = 3 16 = 34 = 81
23. If 5(a + b) = 5 25 125 , what is (a + b)2

A. 12
B. 16
C. 34
D. 36

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
5(a + b) = 5 25 125 = 51 52 53 = 5(1 + 2 + 3) = 56
=> (a + b) = 6
=> (a + b)2 = 62 = 36
24. (7-1 - 11-1) + (7-1 + 11-1) = ?

A. 2 7-1
B. 2 11-1
C. 14
D. 22

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
(7-1 - 11-1) + (7-1 + 11-1)
= 7-1 + 7-1 - 11-1 + 11-1
= 7-1 + 7-1
= 2 7-1
25. (5)1.25 (12)0.25 (60)0.75 = ?

A. 420
B. 260
C. 200
D. 300

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
(ab) n = an bn
a m . a n = a m+n
(5)1.25 (12)0.25 (60)0.75
=(5)1.25 (12)0.25 (12 5)0.75
= (5)1.25 (12)0.25 (12)0.75 (5)0.75
= (5)(1.25 + 0.75) (12)(0.25 + 0.75)
= (5)2 (12)1
= 25 12
= 300
26. 36 36 36 36 = 6?
A. 10
B. 8
C. 4
D. 6

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
36 36 36 36 = 62 62 62 62 = 6(2+2+2+2) = 68
27. What is the value of (7-14 - 7-15) ?

A. 6 7-15
B. 6 7-14
C. 7 7-15
D. 7 7-14

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
a n =
an =
1
an
1
a n
(714 715 ) =
71
715
6
715
1
1
7
1
714 715 715 715

= 6 715
28. If 3(n + 4) - 3(n + 2) = 8, What is the value of n?

A. 0
B. -1
C. -2
D. 2

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
3(n + 4) - 3(n + 2) = 8
3(n + 2 + 2) - 3(n + 2) = 8
3(n + 2) 3(2) - 3(n + 2) = 8
3(n + 2)[3(2) - 1] = 8
3(n + 2) 8 = 8
3(n + 2) = 1
=> n + 2 = 0
=> n = -2
29.
7
If 2x = 1024 , what is the value of x ?
A. None of these
B. -7/10
C. 10/7
D. 7/10

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
a p/q = q
ap
2x = 7 1024
7
2x = 210
2x = 210/7
x = 10/7
30.
[(32 52 )
17
15
4
7
C.
4
A.
(32 52 )
18
4
15
4
D.
7
B.

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
1/2
=?
17
[(32 52 )
2
5 )
2
5 )
= [(3
= [(3
(32 52 )
(1718)
(1)
1/2
1/2
(32 52 )
1/2
=
(
1
32
1
52
)
1/2
32 52
(52 32 )
=[
32 52
]
16
35
4
15
4
1/2
1/2
18
1/2
I mportan t Formu las - Time an d Distan ce

Distance
Time
1.
Speed =
2.
Distance = Speed Time
3.
Time =
4.
Distance
Speed
To convert Kilometers per Hour(km/hr) to Meters per Second(m/s)
x km/hr = x
5.
5
m/s
18
To convert Meters per Second(m/s) to Kilometers per Hour(km/hr)
x m/s = x
18
km/hr
5
6.
If a car covers a certain distance at x kmph and an equal distance at y kmph,

2xy
the average speed of the whole journey =
kmph
x+y
7.
Speed and time are inversely proportional (when distance is constant)

1
Speed
(when distance is constant)
Time
8.
If the ratio of the speeds of A and B is a : b, then

the ratio of the times taken by them to cover the same distance is
1 1
: or b : a
a b
1. A man takes 5 hours 45 min in walking to a certain place and riding back. He would have gained 2 hours by riding both ways. The time he would take to walk both ways is
A. 11 hrs
B. 8 hrs 45 min
C. 7 hrs 45 min
D. 9 hts 20 min

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
---------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
---------------------------------------------------------------Given that time taken for riding both ways will be 2 hours lesser than
the time needed for waking one way and riding back
From this, we can understand that

time needed for riding one way = time needed for waking one way - 2 hours
Given that time taken in walking one way and riding back = 5 hours 45 min
Hence The time he would take to walk both ways = 5 hours 45 min + 2 hours =
7 hours 45 min
In fact, you can do all these calculations mentally and save a lot of time
which will be a real benefit for you.
---------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Let the distance be x km. Then
(Time taken to walk x km) + (Time taken to ride x km) = 5 hour 45 min
45
3
23
=5
hour = 5 hour =
hour .......(Equation1)
60
4
4
(Time taken to ride 2x km) = 5 hour 45 min - 2 = 3 hour 45 min

45
3
15
=3
hour = 3 hour =
60
4
4
Solving equations 1 and 2

(Equation 1 ) 2 (Time taken to walk 2x km)+ (Time taken to ride 2x km) =
23
2
(Equation 3 - Equation 2) Time taken to walk 2x km =

=
23 15
2
4
46 15 31
3
=
hours = 7 hours = 7 hours 45 minutes
4
4
4
4
2. A person crosses a 600 m long street in 5 minutes. What is his speed in km per hour?
A. 8.2
B. 4.2
C. 6.1
D. 7.2

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
distance = 600 meter
time = 5 minutes = 5 x 60 seconds = 300 seconds
Speed =
= 2
distance
600
=
= 2m/s
time
300
18
36
km/hr =
km/hr = 7.2 km/hr
5
5
3. Excluding stoppages, the speed of a bus is 54 kmph and including stoppages, it is 45 kmph. For how many minutes does the bus stop per hour?
A. 12
B. 11
C. 10
D. 9

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
speed of the bus excluding stoppages = 54 kmph
speed of the bus including stoppages = 45 kmph
Loss in speed when including stoppages = 54 - 45 = 9kmph

=> In 1 hour, bus covers 9 km less due to stoppages
Hence, time that the bus stop per hour = time taken to cover 9 km
distance
9
1
60
=
hour =
hour =
min = 10 min
speed
54
6
6
4. A man complete a journey in 10 hours. He travels first half of the journey at the rate of 21 km/hr and second half at the rate of 24 km/hr. Find the total journey in km.
A. 121 km
B. 242 km
C. 224 km
D. 112 km

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
distance = speed x time
Let time taken to travel the first half = x hr

then time taken to travel the second half = (10 - x) hr
Distance covered in the the first half = 21x

Distance covered in the the second half = 24(10 - x)
But distance covered in the the first half = Distance covered in the the second
half
=> 21x = 24(10 - x)
=> 21x = 240 - 24x
=> 45x = 240
=> 9x = 48
=> 3x = 16
x=
16
3
Hence Distance covered in the the first half = 21x = 21

Total distance = 2 112 = 224 km
16
= 7 16 = 112 km
3
5. A car traveling with 5/7 of its actual speed covers 42 km in 1 hr 40 min 48 sec. What is the actual speed of the car?
A. 30 km/hr
B. 35 km/hr
C. 25 km/hr
D. 40 km/hr

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Time = 1 hr 40 min 48 sec = 1hr +

distance = 42 km
speed =
distance
42
=
time
126
(
)
75
40
48
2
1
126
hr +
hr = 1 + +
=
hr
60
3600
3 75
75
42 75
126
5
42 75
of the actual speed =
7
126
actual speed =
42 75
7 42 15
7 15
=
=
= 7 5 = 35 km/hr
126
5
18
3
6. A man covered a certain distance at some speed. If he had moved 3 kmph faster, he would have taken 40 minutes less. If he had moved 2 kmph slower, he would have
taken 40 minutes more. What is the the distance in km?
A. 36
B. 38
C. 40
D. 42

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let the distance be x km ,
the speed in which he moved = v kmph
Time taken when moving at normal speed - time taken when moving 3 kmph
faster = 40 minutes
x
x
40
=
v v+3
60
1
1
2
]=
x[
v v+3
3
x[
v+3v
2
]=
3
v (v + 3)
2v(v + 3) = 9x................(Equation1)
Time taken when moving 2 kmph slower - Time taken when moving at normal speed = 40 minutes
x
x
40
=
v2
v
60
1
1
2
x[
]=
v2
v
3
x[
vv+2
2
]=
3
v (v 2)
x[
2
2
]=
3
v (v 2)
x[
1
1
]=
3
v (v 2)
v(v 2) = 3x................(Equation2)
2(v + 3)
Equation1
=3
Equation2
(v 2)
2v + 6 = 3v 6
v = 12
Substituting this value of v in Equation 1 2 12 15 = 9x

2 12 15
2 4 15
=> x =
=
= 2 4 5 = 40
9
3
Hence distance = 40 km
7. A and B walk around a circular track. A and B walk at a speed of 2 rounds per hour and 3 rounds per hour respectively. If they start at 8 a.m. from the same point in
opposite directions, how many times shall they cross each other before 9.30 a.m.?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Relative speed = Speed of A + Speed of B ( they walk in opposite directions)
= 2 + 3 = 5 rounds per hour
=> They cross each other 5 times in 1 hour and 2 times in 1/2 hour
Time duration from 8 am to 9.30 am = 1.5 hour
Hence they cross each other 7 times before 9.30 am
8. Two boys starts from the same place walking at the rate of 5 kmph and 5.5 kmph respectively in the same direction. What time will they take to be 8.5 km apart?
A. 17 hr
B. 14 hr
C. 12 hr
D. 19 hr

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Relative speed = 5.5 - 5 = .5 kmph (because they walk in the same direction)
distance = 8.5 km
time =
distance
8.5
=
= 17 hr
speed
.5
9. In covering a distance of 30 km, Arun takes 2 hours more than Anil. If Arun doubles his speed, then he would take 1 hour less than Anil. What is Arun's speed?
A. 8 kmph
B. 5 kmph
C. 4 kmph
D. 7 kmph

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let the speed of Arun = x kmph
and the speed of Anil = y kmph
distance = 30 km
We know that
distance
= time
speed
Hence
30 30
= 2...........(Equation1)
x
y
30 30
= 1...........(Equation2)
y
2x
Equation1 + Equation2
30
=3
2x
15
=3
x
5
=1
x
30 30
=3
x
2x
x=5
Hence Arun's speed = 5 kmph
10. A car travels first 160 km at 64 km/hr and the next 160 km at 80 km/hr. What is the average speed for the first 320 km of the tour?
A. 70.24 km/hr
B. 74. 24 km/hr
C. 71.11 km/hr
D. 72.21 km/hr

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
------------------------------------------Solution 1 (Quick)
--------------------------------------------

2xy
kmph.
x+y
By using the same formula, we can find out the average speed quickly
2 64 80
2 64 80
2 32 40
average speed =
=
=
64 + 80
144
36
=
2 32 10
64 10
=
= 71.11 kmph
9
9
-------------------------------------------Solution 2 (Fundamentals)--------------------------------------------Car travels first 160 km at 64 km/hr
Time taken to travel first 160 km =
distance
160
=
speed
64
Car travels next160 km at 80 km/hr
Time taken to travel next 160 km =
distance
160
=
speed
80
Total distance traveled = 160 + 160 = 2 160

Total time taken =
Average speed =
160 160
+
64
80
Total distance traveled
Total time taken
2 160
160 160
+
64
80
2
2 64 80
2 64 80
2 8 80
640
=
=
=
=
1
1
80 + 64
144
18
9
+
64 80
= 71.11 km/hr
11. A Man travelled a distance of 61 km in 9 hours. He travelled partly on foot at 4 km/hr and partly on bicycle at 9 km/hr. What is the distance travelled on foot?
A. 12 km
B. 14 km
C. 16 km
D. 18 km

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
----------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------Let the time in which he travelled on foot = x hr
Then the time in which he travelled on bicycle = (9 - x) hr
distance = speed x time
4x + 9(9 x) = 61
4x + 81 9x = 61
5x = 20
x=4
distance travelled on foot = 4x = 4 4 = 16 km

-----------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2-----------------------------------------------------------------------let the distance he
Then the distance he travelled on bicycle = (61-x) km
Time =
Distance
Speed
x (61 x)
+
=9
4
9
9x + 4 61 4x = 36 9
5x + 244 = 324
5x = 324 244 = 80
x=
80
= 16 km
5
12. Walking 6/7th of his usual speed, a man is 12 minutes too late. What is the usual time taken by him to cover that distance?
A. 1 hr 42 min
B. 1 hr
C. 2 hr
D. 1 hr 12 min
| Discuss

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
New speed = 6/7 of usual speed
Speed and time are inversely proportional.

Hence new time = 7/6 of usual time
Hence, 7/6 of usual time - usual time = 12 minutes

=> 1/6 of usual time = 12 minutes
=> usual time = 12 x 6 = 72 minutes = 1 hour 12 minutes
13. A man goes to his office from his house at a speed of 3 km/hr and returns at a speed of 2 km/hr. If he takes 5 hours in going and coming, what is the distance between his
house and office?
A. 3 km
B. 4 km
C. 5 km
D. 6 km

Answer : Option D
Explanation :

2xy
kmph
x+y
Hence, average speed =
232
12
=
km/hr
2+3
5
Total time taken = 5 hours

12
Distance travelled =
5 = 12 km
5
Distance between his house and office =
12
= 6 km
2
14. A man rides his bicycle 10 km at an average speed of 12 km/hr and again travels 12 km at an average speed of 10 km/hr. What is his average speed for the entire trip
approximately?
A. 11.2 kmph
B. 10 kmph
C. 10.2 kmph
D. 10.8 kmph

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Total distance travelled = 10 + 12 = 22 km

distance
10
=
hr
speed
12
distance
12
Time taken to travel 12 km at an average speed of 10 km/hr =
=
hr
speed
10
10 12
Total time taken =
+
hr
12 10
Time taken to travel 10 km at an average speed of 12 km/hr =
distance
22
22 120
=
=
time
10 12
(10 10) + (12 12)
(
)
+
12 10
22 120
11 120
11 60
660
=
=
=
10.8 kmph
244
122
61
61
Average speed =
15. An aeroplane covers a certain distance at a speed of 240 kmph in 5 hours. To cover the same distance in
A. 660 km/hr
B. 680 km/hr
2
hours, it must travel at a speed of:
3
C. 700 km/hr
D. 720 km/hr

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1 (Recommended)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Speed and time are inversely proportional

1
Speed
Time
Here distance is constant and Speed and time are inversely proportional
1
Speed
Time
Speed1
Time2
=
Speed2
Time1
240
=
Speed2
(1
2
)
3
5
5
( )
3
240
=
Speed2
5
240
1
=
Speed2
3
Speed2 = 240 3 = 720 km/hr

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New time = 1
2
5
hr =
hr
3
3
Hence, new speed =
Distance
240 5
=
= 240 3 = 720 km/hr
Time
5
3
16. A train can travel 50% faster than a car. Both start from point A at the same time and reach point B 75 kms away from A at the same time. On the way, however, the
train lost about 12.5 minutes while stopping at the stations. What is the speed of the car?
A. 80 kmph
B. 102 kmph
C. 120 kmph
D. 140 kmph

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let speed of the car = x kmph

Then speed of the train =
(100 + 50)
150
3
x=
x = x kmph
100
100
2
Time taken by the car to travel from A to B =

Time taken by the train to travel from A to B =
75
hours
x
75
3
( x)
2
12.5
hours
60
Since Both start from A at the same time and reach point B at the same time
75
=
x
75
3
( x)
2
12.5
60
25 12.5
=
x
60
x=
25 60
= 2 60 = 120
12.5
17. In a flight of 600 km, an aircraft was slowed down due to bad weather. Its average speed for the trip was reduced by 200 km/hr and the time of flight increased by 30
minutes. What is the duration of the flight ?
1
hour
2
A.
2 hour
B.
C.
1
hour
2
D.
1 hour

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the duration of the flight = x hours
Given that distance = 600 km
Speed =
Distance
600
=
................(Equation1)
Time
x
Duration of the flight due to the slow down = (x +

New speed =
30
1
) hours = (x + ) hours
60
2
600
................(Equation2)
1
(x + )
2
From Equations 1 and 2, Reduction in Speed =
600
600
1
(x + )
2
Given that Reduction in average speed =200 km/hr
600
600
= 200
1
(x + )
2
3
6
=1
x 2x + 1
3(2x + 1) 6x
x(2x + 1)
6x + 3 6x
x(2x + 1)
3
=1
x(2x + 1)
3
=1
1
(x + )
2
=1
=1
2x 2 + x 3 = 0................(Equation3)
From here, you can get the answer using Trial and error method.
If you try with the values given as the choices, you can see the value of x = 1
satisfies the equation 3. Hence answer is 1 hour
Or, we can solve the equation 3 to get the answer
2x 2 + x 3 = 0
(2x + 3)(x 1) = 0
x = 1(Removing the -ve value for x)
Hence answer is 1 hour
18. If a person walks at 14 km/hr instead of 10 km/hr, he would have walked 20 km more. What is the actual distance travelled by him?
A. 80 km
B. 70 km
C. 60 km
D. 50 km

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Assume that the person would have covered x km if travelled at 10 km/hr
Speed =
Distance
x
=
.....(Equation1)
Time
10
Give that the person would have covered (x + 20) km if travelled at 14 km/hr
Speed =
(x + 20)
Distance
=
.....(Equation2)
Time
14
From Equations 1 and 2,
(x + 20)
x
=
10
14
14x = 10x + 200
4x = 200
x=
200
= 50
4
19. The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7 : 8. If the second train runs 400 km in 4 hours, What is the the speed of the first train?
A. 85 km/hr
B. 87.5 km/hr
C. 90 km/hr
D. 92.5 km/hr

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1 (Recommended)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Speed and time are inversely proportional (when distance is constant)

1
Speed
Time
Here distance is constant and hence speed and time are inversely proportional
1
Speed
Time
Speed1
Time2
=
Speed2
Time1
7
4
=
8 Time1
Time1 =
48
hr
7
Speed of the first train =
Distance
400
=
Time1
48
(
)
7
100 7
= 12.5 7 = 87.5 km/hr
8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2------------------------------------------------------------------------------speed of the trains are 7x and 8x respectively.

Given that second train runs 400 km in 4 hours.
Speed of the 2nd train =
Distance
400
=
= 100 km/hr
Time
4
8x = 100
100
x=
= 12.5
8
Speed of the first train = 7x = 7 12.5 = 87.5 km/hr
20. It takes eight hours for a 600 km journey, if 120 km is done by train and the rest by car. It takes 20 minutes more, if 200 km is done by train and the rest by car. What is
the ratio of the speed of the train to that of the car?
A. 3 : 4
B. 2 : 3
C. 1 : 2
D. 1 : 3

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let speed of the train = x kmph and speed of the car = y kmph
Time needed for traveling 600 km if 120 km by train and the rest by car = 8 hr
120 (600 120)

+
=8
x
y
120 480
+
= 8.............(Equation 1)
x
y
15 60
+
= 1.............(Equation 1)
x
y
Time needed for traveling 600 km if 200 km by train and the rest by car = 8 hr 20 min
200 (600 200)

20
1 25
+
=8
=8 =
x
y
60
3
3
200 400 25
+
=
x
y
3
8 16 1
+
=
x
y
3
24 48
+
= 1.............(Equation 2)
x
y
Solving Equation1 and Equation2

Here Equation1 = Equation2 = 1
15 60 24 48
+
=
+
x
y
x
y
12
9
=
y
x
4
3
=
y
x
x 3
=
y 4
x :y= 3 :4
21. Arun is traveling on his cycle and has calculated to reach point A at 2 pm if he travels at 10 kmph, he will reach there at 12 noon if he travels at 15 kmph. At what speed
must he travel to reach A at 1 pm?
A. 8 kmph
B. 10 kmph
C. 12 kmph
D. 14 kmph

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let the distance be x km
if travels at 10 kmph, Arun will reach point A at 2 pm

if travels at 15 kmph, Arun will reach point 12 noon
=> Time taken when traveling at 10 km = Time taken when traveling at 15 km +
2 hours
x
x
=
+2
10 15
x
x
=2
10 15
3x 2x = 2 30
x = 60
Distance = 60 km
Examine the any statement say, if travels at 10 kmph, Arun will reach point A at 2 pm
Time taken =
Distance
60
=
= 6 hours
Speed
10
He must have started 6 hours back 2 pm, ie, at 8 am

Now he wants to reach at 1 pm. ie; time to be taken = 5 hours
Speed needed =
Distance
60
=
= 12 kmph
Time
5
22. A car travels at an average of 50 miles per hour for
hours?
1
1
hours and then travels at a speed of 70 miles per hour for 1
hours. How far did the car travel in the entire 4
2
2
A. 210 miles
B. 230 miles
C. 250 miles
D. 260 miles

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Speed1 = 50 miles/hour
1
5
Time1 = 2 hour =
hour
2
2
Distance1 = Speed1 Time1 = 50
Speed2 = 70 miles/hour
1
3
Time2 = 1 hour =
hour
2
2
Distance2 = Speed2 Time2 = 70
5
= 25 5 = 125 miles
2
3
= 35 3 = 105 miles
2
Total Distance = Distance1 + Distance2 = 125 + 105 = 230 miles
23. The speed of a bus increases by 2 km after every one hour. If the distance travelling in the first one hour was 35 km. what was the total distance travelled in 12 hours?
A. 422 km
B. 552 km
C. 502 km
D. 492 km

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Given that distance travelled in 1st hour = 35 km
and speed of the bus increases by 2 km after every one hour
Hence distance travelled in 2nd hour = 37 km

Hence distance travelled in 3rd hour = 39 km
...
Total Distance Travelled = [35 + 37 + 39 + ... (12 terms)]
This is an Arithmetic Progression(AP) with

first term, a=35, number of terms,n = 12 and common difference, d=2.
The sequence a , (a + d), (a + 2d), (a + 3d), (a + 4d), . . .

is called an Arithmetic Progression(AP)
where a is the first term and d is the common difference of the AP
Sum of the first n terms of an Arithmetic Progression(AP),
n
S n = [2a + (n 1) d]
2
where n = number of terms
Hence, [35 + 37 + 39 + ... (12 terms)]
12
= S 12 =
[2 35 + (12 1) 2]
2
= 6 [70 + 22] = 6 92 = 552
Hence the total distance travelled = 552 km
24. Sound is said to travel in air at about 1100 feet per second. A man hears the axe striking the tree, 11/5 seconds after he sees it strike the tree. How far is the man from
the wood chopper?
A. 1800 ft
B. 2810 ft
C. 3020 ft
D. 2420 ft

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Speed of the sound = 1100 ft/s
Time = 11/5 second
Distance = Speed Time = 1100
11
= 220 11 = 2420 ft
5
25. An athlete runs 200 metres race in 24 seconds. What is his speed?
A. 20 km/hr
B. 25 km/hr
C. 27.5 km/hr
D. 30 km/hr

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Speed =
=
Distance
200
200 18
=
m/s =
km/hr
Time
24
24
5
40 3
km/hr = 10 3 km/hr = 30 km/hr
4
26. A train is moving at the speed of 80 km/hr. What is its speed in metres per second?
2
m/s
9
1
C. 21
m/sec
9
A.
22
B.
22 m/s
D.
21 m/s

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Speed = 80 km/hr = 80
5
5
200
2
m/s = 40 m/s =
m/s = 22 m/s
18
9
9
9
27. The distance between two cities A and B is 330 km. A train starts from A at 8 a.m. and travel towards B at 60 km/hr. Another train starts from B at 9 a.m. and travels
towards A at 75 Km/hr. At what time will they meet?
A. 10.30 a.m.
C. 12 noon
B. 10 a.m.
D. 11 a.m.

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Assume that they meet x hours after 8 a.m.
Then, train1,starting from A , travelling towards B, travels x hours till the trains
meet
Distance travelled by train1 in x hours = Speed Time = 60x

Then, train2, starting from B , travelling towards A, travels (x-1) hours till the trains meet
Distance travelled by train2 in (x-1) hours = Speed Time = 75(x-1)

Total distance travelled = Distance travelled by train1 + Distance travelled by train2
=> 330 = 60x + 75(x-1)
=> 12x + 15(x-1) = 66
=> 12x + 15x - 15 = 66
=> 27x = 66 + 15 = 81
=> 3x = 9
=> x = 3
Hence the trains meet 3 hours after 8 a.m., i.e. at 11 a.m.
28. A man walking at the rate of 5 km/hr crosses a bridge in 15 minutes. What is the length of the bridge (in metres)?
A. 1250
B. 1280
C. 1320
D. 1340

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Speed = 5 km/hr
Time = 15 minutes =
1
hour
4
Length of the bridge = Distance Travelled by the man = Speed Time = 5

= 5
1
km
4
1
1000 metre = 1250 metre
4
29. A train travelled at an average speed of 100 km/hr, stopping for 3 minutes after every 75 km. How long did it take to reach its destination 600 km from the starting point?
A. 6 hrs 21 min
B. 7 hrs 14 min
C. 7 hrs 22 min
D. 6 hrs

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Time taken to travel 600 km =
Distance
600
=
= 6 hour
Speed
100
Now we need to find out the number of stops in the 600 km travel. Given that train stops
after every 75 km.
600
=8
75
It means train stops 7 times before 600 km and 1 time just after 600 km. Hence we need
to take only 7 stops into consideration for the 600 km travel.
Hence, total stopping time in the 600 km travel = 7 x 3 = 21 minutes
Total time needed to reach the destination = 6 hours + 21 minutes = 6 hrs 21 min
30. A person travels from A to B at a speed of 40 km/hr and returns by increasing his speed by 50%. What is his average speed for both the trips?
A. 60 km/hr
B. 56 km/hr
C. 52 km/hr
D. 48 km/hr

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
------------------------------------------Solution 1 (Quick)
--------------------------------------------

2xy
kmph.
x+y
By using the same formula, we can find out the average speed quickly
Speed with which he travels from A to B = x = 40 km/hr
(100 + 50)
Speed with which he travels from B to A = x = 40
= 60 km/hr
100
2 40 60
average speed =
= 48 km/hr
40 + 60
-------------------------------------------Solution 2 (Fundamentals)--------------------------------------------Assume that distance from A to B = x km
Speed with which he travels from A to B = x = 40 km/hr
distance
x
=
hr
speed
40
(100 + 50)
Speed with which he travels from B to A = 40
= 60 km/hr
100
distance
x
Time to travel from B to A =
=
speed
60
Time to travel from A to B =
Total distance traveled = x + x = 2x

x
x
+
40 60
Total time taken =

Average speed =
Total distance traveled

Total time taken
2x
= x
x
+
44 60
2
2 2400
=
= 2 24 = 48 km/hr
1
1
40 + 60
+
60 40
31. A man in a train notices that he can count 21 telephone posts in one minute. If they are known to be 50 metres apart, at what speed is the train travelling?
A. 61 km/hr
B. 56 km/hr
C. 63 km/hr
D. 60 km/hr

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
The man in the train notices that he can count 21 telephone posts in one
minute.
Number of gaps between 21 posts are 20 and Two posts are 50 metres apart.
It means 20 x 50 meters are covered in 1 minute.
Distance = 20 50 meter =
1
hour
60
Time = 1 minute =
Speed =
20 50
km = 1 km
1000
Distance
=
Time
1
= 60 km/hr
1
( )
60
32. A truck covers a distance of 550 metres in 1 minute whereas a train covers a distance of 33 kms in 45 minutes. What is the ratio of their speed?
A. 2 : 1
B. 1 : 2
C. 4 : 3
D. 3 : 4

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Speed of the truck =
Distance
550
=
= 550 meters/minute
Time
1
Speed of the train =
Distance
33
33000
=
km/minute =
meters/minute
Time
45
45
Speed of the truck

Speed of the train
550
33000
(
)
45
550 45
55 45
=
33000
3300
11 45
11 9
9
3
=
=
=
660
132
12 4
Hence, Speed of the truck : Speed of the train = 3 : 4
33. A person has to cover a distance of 6 km in 45 minutes. If he covers one-half of the distance in two-thirds of the total time; to cover the remaining distance in the
remaining time, what should be his speed in km/hr?
A. 14 km/hr
B. 12 km/hr
C. 10 km/hr
D. 8 km/hr

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
The person needs to cover 6 km in 45 minutes
Given that he covers one-half of the distance in two-thirds of the total time
=> He covers half of 6 km in two-thirds of 45 minutes
=> He covers 3 km in 30 minutes
Hence, now he need to cover the remaining 3 km in the remaining 15 minutes

Distance = 3 km
Time = 15 minutes = 1/4 hour
Required Speed =
Distance
3
=
Time
1
( )
4
= 12 km/hr
I mportan t Formu las - Time an d W ork

1.
If A can do a piece of work in n days, work done by A in 1 day = 1/n
2.
If A does 1/n work in a day, A can finish the work in n days
3.
If M1 men can do W1 work in D1 days working H1 hours per day and M2 men can do W2 work in D2
days working H2 hours per day (where all men work at the same rate), then
M1 D1 H1 / W1 = M2 D2 H2 / W2
4.
If A can do a piece of work in p days and B can do the same in q days, A and B together can finish
it in pq / (p+q) days
5.
If A is thrice as good as B in work, then

Ratio of work done by A and B = 3 : 1
Ratio of time taken to finish a work by A and B = 1 : 3
1. P is able to do a piece of work in 15 days and Q can do the same work in 20 days. If they can work
together for 4 days, what is the fraction of work left?
A. 8/15
B. 7/15
C. 11/15
D. 2/11

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Amount of work P can do in 1 day = 1/15
Amount of work Q can do in 1 day = 1/20
Amount of work P and Q can do in 1 day = 1/15 + 1/20 = 7/60
Amount of work P and Q can together do in 4 days = 4 (7/60) = 7/15
Fraction of work left = 1 7/15= 8/15
2. P can lay railway track between two stations in 16 days. Q can do the same job in 12 days. With the
help of R, they completes the job in 4 days. How much days does it take for R alone to complete the
work?
A. 9(3/5) days
B. 9(1/5) days
C. 9(2/5) days
D. 10 days

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Amount of work P, Q and R can together do in 1 day = 1/4
Amount of work R can do in 1 day = 1/4 - (1/16 + 1/12) = 3/16 1/12 = 5/48
=> Hence R can do the job on 48/5 days = 9 (3/5) days
3. P, Q and R can do a work in 20, 30 and 60 days respectively. How many days does it need to complete
the work if P does the work and he is assisted by Q and R on every third day?
A. 10 days
B. 14 days
C. 15 days
D. 9 days

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Amount of work R can do in 1 day = 1/60
P is working alone and every third day Q and R is helping him
Work completed in every three days = 2 (1/20) + (1/20 + 1/30 + 1/60) = 1/5
So work completed in 15 days = 5 1/5 = 1
Ie, the work will be done in 15 days
4. A is thrice as good as B in work. A is able to finish a job in 60 days less than B. They can finish the
work in - days if they work together.
A. 18 days
B. 22 days
C. 24 days
D. 26 days

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
If A completes a work in 1 day, B completes the same work in 3 days
Hence, if the difference is 2 days, B can complete the work in 3 days
=> if the difference is 60 days, B can complete the work in 90 days
=> Amount of work B can do in 1 day= 1/90
Amount of work A can do in 1 day = 3 (1/90) = 1/30
Amount of work A and B can together do in 1 day = 1/90 + 1/30 = 4/90 = 2/45
=> A and B together can do the work in 45/2 days = 22 days
5. A can do a particular work in 6 days . B can do the same work in 8 days. A and B signed to do it for Rs.
3200. They completed the work in 3 days with the help of C. How much is to be paid to C?
A. Rs. 380
B. Rs. 600
C. Rs. 420
D. Rs. 400

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Amount of work A can do in 1 day = 1/6
Amount of work B can do in 1 day = 1/8
Amount of work A + B can do in 1 day = 1/6 + 1/8 = 7/24
Amount of work A + B + C can do = 1/3
Amount of work C can do in 1 day = 1/3 - 7/24 = 1/24
work A can do in 1 day: work B can do in 1 day: work C can do in 1 day
= 1/6 : 1/8 : 1/24 = 4 : 3 : 1
Amount to be paid to C = 3200 (1/8) = 400
6. 6 men and 8 women can complete a work in 10 days. 26 men and 48 women can finish the same work in
2 days. 15 men and 20 women can do the same work in - days.
A. 4 days
B. 6 days
C. 2 days
D. 8 days

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let work done by 1 man in 1 day = m and work done by 1 woman in 1 day = b
Work done by 6 men and 8 women in 1 day = 1/10
=> 6m + 8b = 1/10
=> 60m + 80b = 1 --- (1)
=> 26m + 48b =
=> 52m + 96b = 1--- (2)
Solving equation 1 and equation 2. We get m = 1/100 and b = 1/200

Work done by 15 men and 20 women in 1 day
= 15/100 + 20/200 =1/4
=> Time taken by 15 men and 20 women in doing the work = 4 days
7. A can do a piece of work in 4 hours . A and C together can do it in just 2 hours, while B and C together
need 3 hours to finish the same work. B alone can complete the work in --- days.
A. 12 hours
B. 6 hours
C. 8 hours
D. 10 hours

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Work done by A in 1 hour = 1/4
Work done by B and C in 1 hour = 1/3
Work done by A and C in 1 hour = 1/2
Work done by A,B and C in 1 hour = 1/4+1/3 = 7/12
Work done by B in 1 hour = 7/12 1/2 = 1/12 => B alone can complete the
work in 12 hour
8. P can do a work in the same time in which Q and R together can do it. If P and Q work together, the
work can be completed in 10 days. R alone needs 50 days to complete the same work. then Q alone can
do it in
A. 30 days
B. 25 days
C. 20 days
D. 15 days

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Work done by P and Q in 1 day = 1/10
Work done by R in 1 day = 1/50
Work done by P, Q and R in 1 day = 1/10 + 1/50 = 6/50
But Work done by P in 1 day = Work done by Q and R in 1 day . Hence the
above equation can be written as
Work done by P in 1 day 2 = 6/50
=> Work done by P in 1 day = 3/50
=> Work done by Q and R in 1 day = 3/50
Hence work done by Q in 1 day = 3/50 1/50 = 2/50 = 1/25
So Q alone can do the work in 25 days
9. A completes 80% of a work in 20 days. Then B also joins and A and B together finish the remaining work
in 3 days. How long does it need for B if he alone completes the work?
A. 37 days
B. 22 days
C. 31 days
D. 22 days

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Work done by A in 20 days = 80/100 = 8/10 = 4/5
Work done by A in 1 day = (4/5) / 20 = 4/100 = 1/25 --- (1)
Work done by A and B in 3 days = 20/100 = 1/5 (Because remaining 20% is
done in 3 days by A and B)
Work done by A and B in 1 day = 1/15 ---(2)
Work done by B in 1 day = 1/15 1/25 = 2/75
=> B can complete the work in 75/2 days = 37 days
10. Machine P can print one lakh books in 8 hours. Machine Q can print the same number of books in 10
hours while machine R can print the same in 12 hours. All the machines started printing at 9 A.M. Machine
P is stopped at 11 A.M. and the remaining two machines complete work. Approximately at what time will
the printing of one lakh books be completed?
A. 3 pm
B. 2 pm
C. 1:00 pm
D. 11 am

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Work done by P in 1 hour = 1/8
Work done by Q in 1 hour = 1/10
Work done by R in 1 hour = 1/12
Work done by P,Q and R in 1 hour = 1/8 + 1/10 + 1/12 = 37/120
Work done by Q and R in 1 hour = 1/10 + 1/12 = 22/120 = 11/60
From 9 am to 11 am, all the machines were operating.

Ie, they all operated for 2 hours and work completed = 2 (37/120) = 37/60
Pending work = 1- 37/60 = 23/60

Hours taken by Q an R to complete the pending work = (23/60) / (11/60) =
23/11
which is approximately equal to 2
Hence the work will be completed approximately 2 hours after 11 am ; ie around

1 pm
11. P can finish a work in 18 days. Q can finish the same work in 15 days. Q worked for 10 days and left
the job. how many days does P alone need to finish the remaining work?
A. 8
B. 5
C. 4
D. 6

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Work done by P in 1 day = 1/18
Work done by Q in 1 day = 1/15
Work done by Q in 10 days = 10/15 = 2/3
Remaining work = 1 2/3 = 1/3

Number of days in which P can finish the remaining work = (1/3) / (1/18) = 6
12. 3 men and 7 women can complete a work in 10 days . But 4 men and 6 women need 8 days to
complete the same work . In how many days will 10 women complete the same work?
A. 50
B. 40
C. 30
D. 20

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let 1 man does m work in 1 day and 1 woman does w work in 1 day. The above
equations can be written as
4m + 6w = 1/8 ---(1)
3m + 7w = 1/10 ---(2)
Solving equation (1) and (2) , we get m=11/400 and w=1/400
Amount of work 10 women can do in a day = 10 (1/400) = 1/40
Ie, 10 women can complete the work in 40 days
13. A and B can finish a work 30 days if they work together. They worked together for 20 days and then B
left. A finished the remaining work in another 20 days. In how many days A alone can finish the work?
A. 60
B. 50
C. 40
D. 30

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Amount of work done by A and B in 1 day = 1/30
Amount of work done by A and B in 20 days = 20 (1/30) = 20/30 = 2/3
Remaining work 1 2/3 = 1/3

A completes 1/3 work in 20 days
Amount of work A can do in 1 day = (1/3)/20 = 1/60
=> A can complete the work in 60 days
14. A can complete a work in 12 days with a working of 8 hours per day. B can complete the same work in
8 days when working 10 hours a day. If A and B work together, working 8 hours a day, the work can be
completed in --- days.
A. 5 511
B. 4 511
C. 6 411
D. 6 511

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
A can complete the work in 12 days working 8 hours a day
=> Number of hours A can complete the work = 128 = 96 hours
=> Work done by A in 1 hour = 1/96
B can complete the work in 8 days working 10 hours a day

=> Number of hours B can complete the work = 810 = 80 hours
=> Work done by B in 1 hour = 1/80
Work done by A and B in 1 hour = 1/96 + 1/80 = 11/480

=> A and B can complete the work in 480/11 hours
A and B works 8 hours a day
Hence total days to complete the work with A and B working together
= (480/11)/ (8) = 60/11 days = 5 511 days
15. P is 30% more efficient than Q. P can complete a work in 23 days. If P and Q work together, how
much time will it take to complete the same work?
A. 9
B. 11
C. 13
D. 15

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let work done by Q in 1 day = q
q (130/100) = 1/23
=> q = 100/(23130) = 10/(2313)
Work done by P and Q in 1 day = 1/23 + 10/(2313) = 23/(2313)= 1/13
=> P and Q together can do the work in 13 days
16. P, Q and R can complete a work in 24, 6 and 12 days respectively. The work will be completed in --days if all of them are working together.
A. 2
B. 3 37
C. 4
D. 5

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Work done by P,Q and R in 1 day = 1/24 + 1/6 + 1/12 = 7/24
=> Working together, they will complete the work in 24/7 days = 3 37 days
17. 10 men can complete a work in 7 days. But 10 women need 14 days to complete the same work. How
many days will 5 men and 10 women need to complete the work?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Work done by 10 men in 1 day = 1/7
Work done by 1 man in 1 day = (1/7)/10 = 1/70
Work done by 10 women in 1 day = 1/14

Work done by 1 woman in 1 day = 1/140
Work done by 5 men and 10 women in 1 day = 5 (1/70) + 10 (1/140)

= 5/70 + 10/140 = 1/7
=> 5 men and 10 women can complete the work in 7 days
18. Kamal will complete work in 20 days. If Suresh is 25% more efficient than Kamal, he can complete the
work in --- days.
A. 14
B. 16
C. 18
D. 20

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Work done by Kamal in 1 day = 1/20
Work done by Suresh in 1 day = (1/20) (125/100) = 5/80 = 1/16
=> Suresh can complete the work in 16 days
19. Anil and Suresh are working on a special assignment. Anil needs 6 hours to type 32 pages on a
computer and Suresh needs 5 hours to type 40 pages. If both of them work together on two different
computers, how much time is needed to type an assignment of 110 pages?
A. 7 hour 15 minutes
B. 7 hour 30 minutes
C. 8 hour 15 minutes
D. 8 hour 30 minutes

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Pages typed by Anil in 1 hour = 32/6 = 16/3
Pages typed by Suresh in 1 hour = 50/5 = 8
Pages typed by Anil and Suresh in 1 hour = 16/3 + 8 = 40/3
Time taken to type 110 pages when Anil and Suresh work together = 110 3
/40 = 33/4
= 8 hours = 8 hour 15 minutes
20. P and Q can complete a work in 20 days and 12 days respectively. P alone started the work and Q
joined him after 4 days till the completion of the work. How long did the work last?
A. 5 days
B. 10 days
C. 14 days
D. 22 days

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Work done by P in 4 days = 4 (1/20) = 1/5

Work done by P and Q in 1 day = 1/20 + 1/12 = 8/60 = 2/15

Number of days P and Q take to complete the remaining work = (4/5) / (2/15) =
6
Total days = 4 + 6 = 10
21. P takes twice as much time as Q or thrice as much time as R to finish a piece of work. They can finish
the work in 2 days if work together. How much time will Q take to do the work alone?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let P takes x days to complete the work
Then Q takes x/2 days and R takes x/3 days to finish the work
Amount of work P does in 1 day = 1/x
Amount of work Q does in 1 day = 2/x
Amount of work R does in 1 day = 3/x
Amount of work P,Q and R do in 1 day = 1/x + 2/x + 3/x = 1/x (1 + 2 + 3) = 6/x
6/x = 2
=> x = 12
=> Q takes 12/2 days = 6 days to complete the work
22. P and Q can complete a work in 15 days and 10 days respectively. They started the work together
and then Q left after 2 days. P alone completed the remaining work. The work was finished in --- days.
A. 12
B. 16
C. 20
D. 24

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Work done by P and Q in 1 day = 1/15 + 1/10 = 1/6
Work done by P and Q in 2 days = 2 (1/6) = 1/3

Time taken by P to complete the remaining work 2/3 = (2/3) / (1/15) = 10 days
Total time taken = 2 + 10 = 12 days
23. P and Q can do a work in 30 days. Q and R can do the same work in 24 days and R and P in 20 days.
They started the work together, but Q and R left after 10 days. How many days more will P take to finish
the work?
A. 10
B. 15
C. 18
D. 22

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Let work done by P in 1 day = p,
Work done by Q in 1 day = q,
Work done by R in 1 day = r
p + q = 1/30
q + r = 1/24
r + p = 1/20
Adding all the above, 2p + 2q + 2r = 1/30 + 1/24+ 1/20 = 15/120 = 1/8

=> p + q + r = 1/16
=> Work done by P,Q and R in 1 day = 1/16
Work done by P, Q and R in 10 days = 10 (1/16) = 10/16 = 5/8

Remaining work = 1 = 5/8 = 3/8
Work done by P in 1 day = Work done by P,Q and R in 1 day - Work done by Q
and R in 1 day
= 1/16 1/24 = 1/48
Number of days P needs to work to complete the remaining work = (3/8) /

(1/48) = 18
24. P works twice as fast as Q. If Q alone can complete a work in 12 days, P and Q can finish the work in
--- days
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Work done by P in 1 day = 2 (1/12) = 1/6
Work done by P and Q in 1 day = 1/12 + 1/6 =

=> P and Q can finish the work in 4 days
25. A work can be finished in 16 days by twenty women. The same work can be finished in fifteen days by
sixteen men. The ratio between the capacity of a man and a woman is
A. 1:3
B. 4:3
C. 2:3
D. 2:1

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Work done by 20 women in 1 day = 1/16
Work done by 1 woman in 1 day = 1/(1620)
Work done by 16 men in 1 day = 1/15

Work done by 1 man in 1 day = 1/(1516)
Ratio of the capacity of a man and woman =1/(1516) : 1/(1620) = 1/15 :

1/20
= 1/3 :1/4 = 4:3
26. P and Q need 8 days to complete a work. Q and R need 12 days to complete the same work. But P, Q
and R together can finish it in 6 days. How many days will be needed if P and R together do it?
A. 3
B. 8
C. 12
D. 4

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let work done by P in 1 day = p
work done by Q in 1 day =q
Work done by R in 1 day = r
p + q = 1/8 ---(1)
q + r= 1/12 ---(2)
p+ q+ r = 1/6 ---(3)
(3) (2) => p = 1/6 - 1/12 = 1/12
(3) (1) => r = 1/6 1/8 = 1/24
p + r = 1/12 + 1/24 = 3/24 = 1/8
=> P and R will finish the work in 8 days
27. P can do a work in 24 days. Q can do the same work in 9 days and R can do the same in 12 days. Q
and R start the work and leave after 3 days. P finishes the remaining work in --- days.
A. 7
B. 8
C. 9
D. 10

Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Work done by Q and R in 1 day = 1/9 + 1/12 = 7/36

Work done by Q and R in 3 days = 37/36 = 7/12
Number of days in which P can finish the remaining work = (5/12) / (1/24) = 10
28. If daily wages of a man is double to that of a woman, how many men should work for 25 days to earn
Rs.14400? Given that wages for 40 women for 30 days are Rs.21600.
A. 12
B. 14
C. 16
D. 18

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Wages of 1 woman for 1 day =
Wages of 1 man for 1 day =
21600 2
40 30
Wages of 1 man for 25 days =
Number of men =
21600
40 30
21600 2 25
40 30
14400
21600 2 25
(
)
40 30
144
216 50
(
)
40 30
144
= 16
9
29. P,Q and R together earn Rs.1620 in 9 days. P and R can earn Rs.600 in 5 days. Q and R in 7 days can
earn Rs.910. How much amount does R can earn per day?
A. Rs.40
B. Rs.70
C. Rs.90
D. Rs.100

Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Amount Earned by P,Q and R in 1 day = 1620/9 = 180 ---(1)
Amount Earned by P and R in 1 day = 600/5 = 120 ---(2)
Amount Earned by Q and R in 1 day = 910/7 = 130 ---(3)
(2)+(3)-(1) => Amount Earned by P , Q and 2R in 1 day

- Amount Earned by P,Q and R in 1 day = 120+130-180 = 70
=>Amount Earned by R in 1 day = 70
30. Assume that 20 cows and 40 goats can be kept for 10 days for Rs.460. If the cost of keeping 5 goats
is the same as the cost of keeping 1 cow, what will be the cost for keeping 50 cows and 30 goats for 12
days?
A. Rs.1104
B. Rs.1000
C. Rs.934
D. Rs.1210

Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Assume that cost of keeping a cow for 1 day = c ,
cost of keeping a goat for 1 day = g
Cost of keeping 20 cows and 40 goats for 10 days = 460
Cost of keeping 20 cows and 40 goats for 1 day = 460/10 = 46

=> 20c + 40g = 46
=> 10c + 20g = 23 ---(1)
Given that 5g = c
Hence equation (1) can be written as 10c + 4c = 23 => 14c =23

=> c=23/14
cost of keeping 50 cows and 30 goats for 1 day

= 50c + 30g
= 50c + 6c (substituted 5g = c)
= 56 c = 5623/14
= 92
Cost of keeping 50 cows and 30 goats for 12 days = 1292 = 1104
31. There is a group of persons each of whom can complete a piece of work in 16 days, when they are
working individually. On the first day one person works, on the second day another person joins him, on
the third day one more person joins them and this process continues till the work is completed. How many
days are needed to complete the work?
A. 3 14 days
B. 4 13 days
C. 5 16 days
D. 6 15 days

Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Work completed in 1st day = 1/16
Work completed in 2nd day = (1/16) + (1/16) = 2/16
Work completed in 3rd day = (1/16) + (1/16) + (1/16) = 3/16
An easy way to attack such problems is from the choices. You can see the
choices are
very close to each other. So just see one by one.
For instance, The first choice given in 3 14

The work done in 3 days = 1/16 + 2/16 + 3/16 = (1+2+3)/16 = 6/16
The work done in 4 days = (1+2+3+4)/16 = 10/16
The work done in 5 days = (1+2+3+4+5)/16 = 15/16, almost close, isn't it?
The work done in 6 days = (1+2+3+4+5+6)/16 > 1
Hence the answer is less than 6, but greater than 5. Hence the answer is
5 16days.
(Just for your reference, work done in 5 days = 15/16.

Pending work in 6th day = 1 15/16 = 1/16.
In 6th day, 6 people are working and work done = 6/16.
To complete the work 1/16, time required = (1/16) / (6/16) = 1/6 days.
Hence total time required = 5 + 1/6 = 5 16 days
)

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