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Answer: The mechanical design and development of the plant has three major steps as: A. Conceptual layout design.
B. Equipment layout design.
C. Piping layout design.
2. What is conceptual layout design?
Answer: It is the part of basic engineering package. It consists of following information: A. Essential process design requirement such as horizontal & vertical relationship of equipment.
B. Space allocation for basic plant requirement (space required for laboratories, office, storage etc.)
C. Planning for control room, motor control center room etc.
3. What is Equipment layout design?
Answer: It is the detailing of conceptual layout. It is the basic document of mechanical engineering design or in
other words this document is the basis for development of construction drawing by all disciplines. It is
sometimes also referred as plot plan for large outdoor plant.
It consists of following information: A. Floor space needed for the equipment and other facilities are shown.
B. Access, removal space, cleaning area, storage space and handling facilities are outlined.
4. What are the essential data/ documents required for preparation of equipment layout?
Answer: The essential data or documents required for preparation of equipment layout is as: A. Process flow diagrams (PFD) and Piping & instrument Diagrams (P& ID).
PFD/ P& ID indicates the interconnectivity of each equipment, information regarding solid
handling, gravity feed, line slopes, loop sizes, venting requirement, special piping materials etc.
which in turns governs the equipment location to a great extent.
B. Project design data.
This consists of following information as: v Geographic location, proximity to roads and railway, topography and local codes and regulations,
weather conditions such as rainfall records, seasonal temperature differences, wind direction,
outlet points for drains etc.
v The above information such as wind direction influences the location of cooling towers, furnaces,
stacks etc. Similarly, the information regarding outlet drain points affects the design of storm water
drains and requirements of enclosures.
C. Equipment sizes and Building.
This includes fabricated equipment such as vessels, Heat Exchangers, Reactors, Tanks and
proprietary equipment like pumps, Compressors, Furnaces etc. For locating the above, the
equipment is grouped to have optimum location for minimum pipe run as well as fallow the process
flow sequence.
5. What are the two basic configurations for the equipment layout (unit plot plan)?
Answer: The equipment layout can basically be divided into two configurations:
A. The Grade Mounted Horizontal arrangement as seen in the refineries and petrochemical plants.
B. The vertical Arrangement as seen in many chemical process industries.
6. What is Grade mounted Horizontal Arrangement of equipment layout?
Answer: In the Grade mounted Horizontal Arrangement, the equipment is placed on the either side of the
central pipe rack with auxiliary roads. Advantage of this arrangement is that the equipment is located
at grade level, which makes it easier to construct, operate and maintain. Disadvantage is that it takes
lot of ground area.