Core Network in CDMA

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20 CORE NETWORK IN CDMA

Core network of CDMA consist of following elements

Wireless Intelligent Network (WIN)

Mobile Switching Network

HLR

Short Massage Service Centre

Voice Massage Service Centre

PDSN (P100/P200)

AAA ( HA/FA/AN-AAA)

Over The Air Solution (OTA) including OTAP & OTAPS

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
POSITION OF THE PDSS SYSTEM IN THE NETWORK
A basic cdma2000 mobile communications system comprises the terminal, base
station subsystem, mobile switching subsystem, packet data switching subsystem, and
operation & maintenance subsystem. In addition, the short message subsystem, dispatching
service subsystem, mobile location subsystem, and intelligent network subsystem can be
added to the system to support short message services, trunking dispatching services, location
services, and intelligent network services. Figure 1 shows the position of the ZXPDSS in the
network, covering four functional entities: PDSN/FA, AAA, AN-AAA, and HA.

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FIGURE 1 NETWORK STRUCTURE OF CDMA2000 SYSTEM

Terminal (MT)
An MT is a device that a trunking user can operate directly. For the cdma2000 packet
data service, an MT refers to the hand-held mobile station, vehicle-mounted station, fixed
station, notebook computer, and PC capable of cdma2000 packet data service.

Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

The base station transceiver (BTS) and the base station controller (BSC) form the
base station subsystem (BSS). The BSS provides access to ordinary telephone service, data
service, and other services. The BTS is responsible for modulating and demodulating
baseband signals, receiving and transmitting RF signals. The BSC is responsible for the
allocation of radio resources, call processing, power control, and supports various types of
handovers of the terminals. In addition, the BSS includes the packet data control entity (PCF)
to support data services. The PCF participates in the whole process of multiple types of
packet data call control, including the setup of the communication link in the originating
process and the release of the communication link in the release process and in the packet
data hard handoff process.

Mobile Switching Subsystem (MSS)

The switching subsystem comprises such entities as the mobile switching center
(MSC), home location register (HLR), visitor location register (VLR), and authentication
center (AUC). The MSC is a functional entity that controls and switches the voice service of
the terminal in the local service area and a connection device for the interworking and
interconnection between the trunking service network
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and other public networks over ordinary voice service. The HLR provides the
function of storing and managing relevant service functions and user profiles and assists in
completing user calls and service operations.
The Visitor Location Register (VLR) is responsible for storing and updating the user
data of the MS which roams to this VLR service area. The VLR stores the information
required for call establishment into the database for the MSC to search. The AUC is a
function entity for the management of authentication information related to the mobile
station. It authenticates the mobile users, stores the authentication parameters of the mobile
users, and is able to generate and transport relevant authentication parameters according to
the MSC/VLR request.

Packet Data Switching Subsystem (PDSS)

The PDSS comprises the Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN), Authentication,
Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) server, Access Network- Authentication,
Authorization, and Accounting (AN-AAA) server, Home Agent (HA), providing users with
high-speed packet data services.

Operation & Maintenance Module (OMM)

The Operation & Maintenance Module (OMM) provides network operation and
maintenance services, manages the user information and implements network planning, to
enhance the overall working efficiency and service quality of the system. The OMM can
conduct maintenance management of the BSS, MSS, and PDSS in a centralized or separate
manner.

HA
The HA (Home Agent) is a router on the home network of the MS. It maintains the
current location information on the MS and correlates the IP address of the MS with the careof address of the MS. When the MS leaves the registered network, it needs to register with
the HA. After the HA receives the data packets destined for the MS, the HA transmits these
packets to the care-of address of the MS via the HA-FA tunnel. After tunnel decapsulation via
the care-of address, these data packets are sent to the MS to deliver mobile IP functionality.
The simple IP does not need the HA, while the mobile IP needs the HA.

AAA
The AAA is the Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Server, adopting
RADIUS server. AAA authenticates user script file information, authorizes data services
authorization, and implements the accounting function. In addition, the AAA implements the
management of the data service subscription for users. The AAA can be divided into service
AAA, intermediate AAA and home AAA. The service AAA is located at the service network
(also known as the visited access provider network) and correlates with the PDSN in the
service network. The home AAA is located at he home network and correlates with the HA in
the home network in case of mobile IP. If the MS has no roaming function, the service AAA
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and home AAA are integrated. The intermediate AAA, located in an intermediate network
(which is optional, and may not be available in actual conditions), is in security relationships
with the service AAA and home AAA. It is used to safely transmit RADIUS messages
between the service AAA and home AAA. In some cases, there may be more than one
intermediate AAA between the service AAA and the home AAA. In addition to the support
for 1X users and EV-DO users, the ZXPDSS AAA also supports the authentication,
authorization, accounting of WLAN users, facilitating the deployment and centralized
management of the WLAN + 1X service.

AN-AAA
The AN-AAA is Access Network-Authentication, Accounting, Authorization Server,
adopting RADIUS server. The AN-AAA performs AN-level (Access Network) authentication
for EV-DO subscriber. In addition, the AN-AAA implements the management of the
subscription for EV-DO user terminals. Different from the cdma2000 1x network, in the
cdma2000 EV-DO network, an EV-DO subscriber is authenticated by the AN-AAA, instead
of the HLR when accessing the network, because there is no CS (Circuit Switching) system.
The ZXPDSS AN-AAA the can be configured independent of or in combination with the
ZXPDSS AAA

SYSTEM FEATURES
The ZXPDSS system is made up of high-performance processors and commercial
servers with a flexible architecture which makes expansion and upgrade easy. The system has
the following features:
1. Advanced technologies:
Open and standard interface with good compatibility and scalability
Signaling and data links specially designed for the optimization of wireless packet
data services
Enhanced performance statistics function
Self-developed dedicated high-performance AHDLC processing chip to implement
high-speed processing of the asynchronous PPP frames
High-performance communication-dedicated RISC processor
High-speed internal data forwarding capability (switching capacity 40 G)
High-performance network processor implementing wire-speed distribution and
processing of data (dedicated data forwarding engine)
Large-capacity data cache up to 2 G
Hardware supporting quick data search and forwarding
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2. Capability of flexible networking

Multiple packet prepaid support modes and multi-ISP access mode with flexible
options, facilitating service deployment
Large system throughput, capable of stack capacity expansion
Providing open standard protocol interfaces, with multiple routing functions
Providing externally three gigabit optical interfaces
3. Good compatibility and scalability
Modularized software/hardware architecture easy for expansion
Capacity expansion and system application are flexible. You can make
configurations flexibly as required. The system implements smooth expansion and provides a
solution with the best performance-price ratio.
Adaptive to the evolution of the cdma2000 core network and easy to scale new
functions
4. Perfect operation & maintenance system
MO-based object management, providing the standard Corba interface with the
upper-level NM, and implementing the centralized management and maintenance of the NM
Providing remote and near end accessing modes, which makes it possible to realize
both local and remote operation and maintenance through network system. Operation and
maintenance can be performed for the entire system or a specific entity.
Reliable security; employ multi-level authority protection
The system has such functions as performance management, security management,
service observation, signalling tracing, configuration management, version management, and
fault management. It provides multiple accurate, reliable, practical and convenient O&M
approaches. And functions can be added according to the actual network operation and users
demands.
Friendly NM system interface and extensive online help functions
5. High reliability
Redundant mode of large-capacity data switching load sharing, providing high
reliability
All critical parts work in active/standby and hot backup mode, with the function of
automatic switchover at failures, so as to ensure the uninterrupted operation of the system.
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Redundancy design, reserving adequate resources

The perfect traffic control technology, routing policy and network processor
technologies ensure the network security and smoothness.
Layered and modular software design, and such technologies as fault tolerance and
overload control come together to ensure high system reliability.
System running monitoring/tracing mechanism and various types of resource
management/monitoring/protection mechanism make it possible to quickly detect a fault,
quickly locate the fault, and timely recover the normal status.

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