symbol

CHM 232Exam #4

productsEQ
G ' - R T ln
reactants
EQ

product product
G G ' R T ln

reactant

reactant

productsEQ
K ' EQ
reactants
EQ

Matching
1. The enzyme that consumes 2-phosphoglycerate in glycolysis
2. An enzyme that uses the energy of an acyl phosphate to create a phosphoanhydride
3. An enzyme that creates dihydroxyacetone phosphate in gluconeogenesis
4. An enzyme that carries out hydrolytic cleavage
5. An enzyme used in glycolysis but not in gluconeogenesis
6. If you didnt have this enzyme, half of the carbons of glucose could still become pyruvate
7. This enzyme generates the molecule at right

OH

8. An enzyme responsible for half of the net ATP synthesis of glycolysis

OH

H2O
-

a. Hexokinase
b. Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase
c. Phosphoglycerate kinase
d. Enolase
e. Phosphoglycerate mutase
f. Triosephosphate isomerase
g. Glycogen phosphorylase

11. What is the approximate G of the following reaction?

a. -30 kJ/mol
O
O
b. +30 kJ/mol
+
H3N
c. -15 kJ/mol
+ HS
O
+
d. +15 kJ/mol
NH3
e. 0 kJ/mol
f. Cannot be determined from the information given

O
-

H3N

O
+
NH3

O
-

10. An enzyme that carries out chemistry most similar to the reaction shown below:

OH

HO

9. An isomerase, but one that does not do aldo-keto isomerization

O
OH

12. What is the approximate G of the following reaction?

O

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

+
-30 kJ/mol
H3N
O
+30 kJ/mol
-15 kJ/mol
O
+15 kJ/mol
O P O
OH
0 kJ/mol
Cannot be determined from the information given

HO

O
-

NH3

OH
O

13. Based on the estimated G of the following reaction, which of the following is true:
-

a.
b.
c.
d.

O
Keq > 1
O
O
O
P
P
Keq < 1
+
HO
O
O
O
Keq = 1
The Keq cannot be determined from the G

O
O

P
O

14. How many NAD+ molecules would be needed to convert methane (CH4) to carbon dioxide (O=C=O)?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. 4
f. 5
15. In the reaction shown, what is the oxidizing agent as the reaction goes to the right?
a. FADH2
O
FADH2 FAD
b. FAD
O
O
c. Molecule with the double bond (left)
O
d. Molecule without the double bond (right)
O
O

16. In glycolysis, a 6-carbon molecule is transformed into two 3-carbon molecules. Which enzyme is
responsible for that?
a. enolase
b. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
c. the enzyme that uses fructose 6-phosphate as a substrate
d. the enzyme that acts on the product of phosphofructokinase
17. Which one of the following glycolysis enzymes is not one that must be bypassed by an alternate enzyme in
gluconeogenesis?
a. hexokinase
b. phosphoglyerate kinase
c. phosphofructokinase
d. pyruvate kinase
18. Why is it necessary to create oxaloacetate during gluconeogenesis?
a. Carboxylating the 3-carbon molecule pyruvate provides one of the carbons needed to make the 6carbon molecule glucose
b. Using oxaloacetate as an intermediate allows 2 phosphoanhydride bonds to be spent during the
conversion of pyruvate to PEP.
c. The use of oxaloacetate allows one extra ATP to be made during gluconeogenesis
d. Pyruvate kinase is not present in the mitochondria where gluconeogenesis occurs

19. Which of the following is the activated glucose molecule that is made during the synthesis of glycogen?
(a-d, left to right)
OH

OH

O
O
O

OH
O

HO

P
-

OH

O
O

P
-

O
-

N
O

OH

HO

P
-

OH

O
-

N
O

OH OH

OH
O

HO

O
-

OH

N
O

OH OH

O
O

NH

O
O

OH

O
O

NH

O
O

OH

O
O

NH

NH

OH
O

HO

N
O

OH
OH OH

OH OH

20. Glycogen phosphorylase

a. Causes glycogen chains to grow longer
b. Is less active in the presence of glucagon
c. Is more active in the presence of epinephrine
d. Is turned on by insulin
21. Which of the following allosteric enzymes would likely be pushed to the tense state by AMP?
a. phosphofructokinase
b. glycogen phosphorylase
c. pyruvate kinase
d. fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase
22. The enzyme that uses glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate as a substrate carries out reaction #6. What are the
reactions types for reactions 6, 7 and 8?
a. Oxidation-reduction/group transfer/isomerization
b. Group transfer/isomerization/oxidation-reduction
c. Group transfer/isomerization/group transfer
d. Group transfer/oxidation-reduction/isomerization
e. Oxidation-reduction /isomerization/group transfer
23. If a reaction has a + G, it can be made to go forward by
a. Adding more product
b. Adding enzyme
c. Taking away product
d. Taking away substrate
24. What fact proves that pyruvate carboxylase carries out a ligation?
a. Two metabolites are joined together to form a larger molecule
b. The carboxy group that is added is removed in the next reaction
c. It uses ATP
d. A phosphoanhydride bond is broken, but the phosphate is not transferred

25. Glycine breakdown involves the following two sequential reactions. Which reaction is more favorable
(circle one of the three answer below)? Justify your conclusion quantitatively in the boxes below.
Reaction 1 more favorable

Neither, they are ~ equal

Reaction 2 more favorable

Reaction 1

ATP
O
-

O
-

O
OH

OH

ADP
OH

Reaction 2

HO

SCoA

O
-

O
O

OH
H SCoA

OH
O
O

P
OH

26. Draw the product of triosephosphate isomerase during glycolysis:

27. When NAD:H builds up too high, glycolysis stops. Draw the product of the
reaction in humans that allows NAD:H to be dumped out.

28.

Many unusual sugars are broken down using pathways that are very similar, but not identical, to portions
of glycolysis. For instance, shown below are three reactions of the pathway of xylulose catabolism.
Using the hints given below for the three reactions, fill in the missing structures.
Reaction I:

Carries out an oxidation of the molecule A to generate a ketone in the product

Reaction II:

Consumes ATP and generates ADP

Reaction III: Catalyzed by an enzyme that carries out the same type of non-hydrolytic cleavage as seen
in glycolysis (creating the molecules B and C)
O

molecule A

O
O

HO

O
*

OH

molecule B

II

HO

P
O

OH

OH

III

molecule C

HO

HO

HO

xylulose
b.

What would be the likely identity of molecules P and Q in reaction I?

P:_____________

c.

Q:_____________

What would be a good name for the enzyme that catalyzes reaction II?
____________________________________________________________

d.

You may recognize molecule B as one of the glycolysis metabolites. How many net
ATP would be generated from 1 molecule of B being made into 1 molecule of pyruvate?
Net ATP

29.

Answer only one of the following two questions:

a.

Draw pyruvate, and add a star next to the carbon that would be the same as the carbon starred in
molecule B above.
Why is it helpful to use a phosphate instead of a water to break glucose off of glycogen? (1-2 sentences)

b.