CHEG461

Name:

ProcessDynamicsandControl
Assignment3February23,2014
DueDate:March02,2014

Spring2014

ID#:

Grade:

Problem 1: In the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) of Figure 1, a firstorder

(A>B,rA=kCA(t),kmol/(m3*min))reactiontakesplaceunderisothermalconditions.

Figure1.Continuousstirredtankreactor(CSTR)
Itisassumedthatthereactiontemperature,T,andthereactionvolume,V,remainconstant.
q=q0istheconstantvolumetricflowrateofthefeedstreaminm3/min
CAo(t)istheconcentrationofthereactantAintheinletfeedsteaminkmol/m3
ToistheinlettemperatureofthefeedstreaminoC
CA(t)isthereactantconcentrationatthereactorexitinkmol/m3
Tistheconstantreactiontemperature
Assumethatreactoroperatesisothermally(i.e.dT/dt=0)andthereactionvolumeremains
constant(i.e.dV/dt=0).
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering|BuHasaBuildingRm2211|P.O.Box2533|AbuDhabi,UAE
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CHEG461

ProcessDynamicsandControl

Spring2014

i) Derive the differential equation describing the time variation of the concentration of
componentAintheCSTR.Usingthecharacteristictimeconstantsoftheprocessthatisof
themeanresidencetimetr =V/qo,andthecharacteristictimeconstantforthefirstorder
chemical reaction, ta = 1/k where k is the kinetic rate constant of the first order reaction,
showthatthedynamiccomponentbalanceequationcanbewrittenasfollows:

where

dC A
C A (t) K pC Ao (t)
dt

trt
t
1
K

p
t r 1 t 1 t r t
tr t

ii) UsingthedeviationvariablesY(t)=(CA (t)CAs)andU(t)=(CAo(t)CAos)rewritetheabove

componentbalanceequationintermsofthedeviationvariablesandcalculatethetransfer
functionofthedynamicprocessintheLaplacesdomain.
iii)Ifthevaluesoftrandtaareequalto30minand20min,respectively,calculatethevaluesof
theapparenttimeconstantofthefirstordersystem,,andprocessgain,Kp.
iv) Attimezeroastepchangeintheinletfeedconcentrationisintroducedintothereactor,

CAo(t)=CAos+aH(t)=5+2H(t),kmol/m3

CalculatethetimeresponseoftheconcentrationCA(t)andthetimerequiredfortheCSTRto
reachitsnewfinalsteadystate.

v) Verifytheaboveresults(iv)withaMATLABcodeyouwrite.PlotthevariationofCA (t)with
time.AttachyourMATLABcodeandresultswithaclearidentificationofyournameonthe
mfileandresults.

ThePetroleumInstitute|BuHasaBuildingRm2211|P.O.Box2533|AbuDhabi,UAE
Tel:+971(0)26075114|Fax:+97126075200
Email:akyparissidis@pi.ac.ae|Website:http://www.pi.ac.ae

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CHEG461

ProcessDynamicsandControl

Spring2014

Problem 2: It is given a cylindrical liquid tank. The exit flow rate follows a square root
relationshipthatisqo(t)=Ch0.5(t),whereCisaconstantequalto1m5/2/min.Thecrosssectional
areaofthecylindricaltankisequalto1m2.Weassumethatattimezeroastepchangeinthe
inputflowrateisintroduced,
q0(t)=q0s+1H(t)=2+1H(t),m3/min

Calculate the analyticalsolution describing the time variation of h(t) w.r.t time. Plot the time
responseoftheliquidlevelh(t)inthetankandcalculatethefinalvalueofh(tf)andfinaltime,tf
,atthenewsteadystate.

Problem3:Astepchangeofmagnitudeequalto5isintroducedintoatemperaturemeasuring
devise.Thevaluesofthetimeresponseofthedeviationvariable,Y(t)=y(t)ys,aregiveninthe
followingtablebelow(secondcolumn)atdifferenttimesinmin(firstcolumn).
i) Plot the experimental measurements using a regular plot paper (a computer plot is
preferable,seecourseMATLABcode).Determinetheorderofthedynamicsystemandits
characteristic parameters (i.e. gain, time constant), using at least two different analytical
methods.
ii) Using the tabulated data write a MATLAB program to obtain a polynomial fit of the
tabulateddataintheformY(t)=C1+C2*t+C3*t2andcalculatethevaluesofC1,C2,C3.
iii)Calculate the unknown model parameters (i.e. gain, time constant) of the time response
modelY(t)=Kp(1exp(t/)),usinganonlinearparameterestimator,viatheminimization
oftheobjectivefunction;

iv) Calculate the unknown model parameters (i.e. gain, time constant) appearing in the first
order differential equation, describing the dynamic behavior of the system, using a non
linear parameter estimation method via the numerical integration (RungeKutta)of model
differentialequationbyminimizingtheaboveobjectivefunction.

ThePetroleumInstitute|BuHasaBuildingRm2211|P.O.Box2533|AbuDhabi,UAE
Tel:+971(0)26075114|Fax:+97126075200
Email:akyparissidis@pi.ac.ae|Website:http://www.pi.ac.ae

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CHEG461

ProcessDynamicsandControl

Spring2014

t(min)

Y(t)

0.0055

0.5372

0.0110

1.0455

0.0166

1.5265

0.0221

1.9817

0.0276

2.4124

0.0331

2.8200

0.0387

3.2057

0.0442

3.5707

0.0497

3.9161

...

...

0.1380

7.4851

0.1436

7.6202

0.1491

7.7481

0.1546

7.8690

0.1601

7.9835

0.1656

8.0918

0.1712

8.1943

0.1767

8.2913

...

...

0.5908

9.9728

0.5963

9.9743

ThePetroleumInstitute|BuHasaBuildingRm2211|P.O.Box2533|AbuDhabi,UAE
Tel:+971(0)26075114|Fax:+97126075200
Email:akyparissidis@pi.ac.ae|Website:http://www.pi.ac.ae

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