Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Preventing
Runway
Excursions
ICAO Runway Excursion
Prevention Seminar
Lima, Peru 9-10 October
2014
Contents
Flight Tests to Determine Maximum
Crosswind
Flare and Landing Technique
Contents
Flight Tests to Determine Maximum
Crosswind
Flare and Landing Technique
Initial step to
assess Flight
Control
performance
and Power
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Using
simulation and
flight test data
Incremental
approach to
crosswind
20
sec
Experienced wind (steady
and gust) is assumed
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Crosswind assessment
Wind values are
usually not
instantaneous
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Maximum
Crosswind Engine
Limits (AFM A380)
Demekkki A 380
engine acisindan da
limiti var
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Contents
Flight Tests to Determine Maximum
Crosswind
Flare and Landing Technique
Crosswind Introduction
Crosswind Introduction
A Crabbed Approach
Crab
angle
Runway axis
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Autopilot Logic
50
ft
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30
ft
Touchdown
X-Wind
Crab
angle
In crosswind conditions
Fly a stabilized approach
Keep the aircraft on the correct lateral flight path, localizer
centered
When disconnecting the AP for a manual landing, avoid
the temptation to make large inputs on the side-stick
Do not align the longitudinal axis of the aircraft with the
Remember AP logic:
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High X-Wind
X-Wind
Crab angle
less than 5
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Bank
angle
less than
5
X-Wind
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Your input
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TO
LDG
TO
LDG
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Stopping force
X force
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manoeuvres.
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Approach
Flare
Stabilize the
Aircraft for the
approach
Use a
coordinated drift
angle reduction
through out the
flare
Fly a Wings
level
Crabbed
approach
No important
changes at AP
disconnection
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Prompt landing
after flare
Ground roll
Be ready to
correct with the
rudder and
asymmetric
braking
Be aware of
reverser
destabilization
Ensure you can
achieve full
rudder AND full
asymmetric
braking
Contents
Flight Tests to Determine Maximum
Crosswind
Flare and Landing Technique
Go-Around Decision and Execution
Forewords
At Low Height
At Higher Height
Climb always
necessary
Climb or Level-Off
may be considered
Drivers
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Simple
Straightforward
Intuitive
Go-Around
Note: This engages the
correct FMA modes
SOPs extract
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ACC ALT
THR RED ALT
High energy
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Go-Around
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Is there an alternative
to TOGA?
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3000
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Classic Go-Around
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Classic Go-Around
2.
Missed Approach is
available
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2.
3.
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Conclusion
Discontinued Approach:
Go-Around:
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
4.
Go-Around:
1.
2.
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Content
Flight Tests to Determine Maximum
Crosswind
Flare and Landing Technique
Go-Around Decision and Execution
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- Changing winds affect the ground speed and thus the predicted touchdown
speed
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Visual Alert:
MAX BRAKING
MAX REVERSE
REVERSE
REVERSE
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Content
Flight Tests to Determine Maximum
Crosswind
Flare and Landing Technique
Go-Around Decision and Execution
Runway Overrun Protection
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Take-Off Securing
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Take-Off Securing
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Take-Off Securing
ZFW
ZFWMAX
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message and
Take-Off Securing
VR
V2
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Take-Off Securing
Check Vs1G/VMU
limitation:
VR KVR * VRMIN
V2 KV2 * VS1G
Checks performed:
- When ZFW, BLOCK and CONF are inserted on the MCDU.
- When ZFW, BLOCK, CONF or TO thrust setting are modified.
- At engine start.
When check fails: T.O SPEEDS TOO LOW message.
Available on FMS / MCDU
Enhancement under development
to provide ECAM alert for A320,
A330/A340 and A380 programs
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Take-Off Securing
Take-Off Securing
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Take-Off Securing
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Take-Off Securing
Message
Systems
impacted
Availability
A320 Family
A330/A340 Family
A380
A350
FMS
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
V1/VR/V2 DISAGREE
FMS
Yes *
Yes *
Yes *
Yes
FMS
Yes *
Yes *
Yes *
Yes
FMS
Yes *
Yes *
Yes
Yes
FMS
FWS
EIS
FAC(A320Fam)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
FMS
FWS
EIS
Under development
Yes
Yes
Yes
CONF settings
Consistency check
F/CTL FLAPS/MCDU
DISAGREE
Thank You !
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