Matter

3.1 Matter
What is matter?
Anything that has .. and is called
matter. If it does not have a mass and does not occupy space (example: heat,
light and sound), it is not matter.
3.2 States of Matter
What is matter made up of?
1. Matter is made up of many very
..which they cannot be seen with
naked eyes.
2. These particles are This means that they are completely
separated from one another and there are spaces between them.
3. These particles always moving, either ..,
. or . Into one another depending on
the state of the matter.
4. Matter can exist in .. states: ,
.. and The table below shows the
differences between the three states of matter.
State
Shape

Volume

Compressib
ility
Flowage

Solid
Has a
d
.
Has a
d
..
C be
compressed
D
flow

Liquid
Takes the shape of its

Arranged very
together in
a regular pattern; very

N arranged but
particles are close
together; ..

Has a
d

C........ be
compressed
Flow from a
..level to
level

Gas
Take the
.......shape of its
container
Fills up its container

C be
compressed
Flows in
direction

Arrangeme
nt of
particles

Particles are very

. apart from
one another;

. space
between particles
V.. in
their fixed position

space between
particles
Can g. and
.. over one
another

.. space
between particles
Movement
Can move
of particles

and ...
into one another
Example
Sand, iron
Water, oil
Oxygen, air
5. Gas particles are very They move freely and colliding
with one another at .. speeds. There is plenty of space between
particles. This explains why a gas . be compressed.
What is Brownian movement?
1. Brownian movement refers to the movement that only takes
place in and .. These particles are move in a
motion in . Direction. Gases move at
.. speeds compared to .
2. Brownian movement does not takes place in due to the
closely packed of particles with create no spaces between particles. This
explains why solids cannot .
3. Example: A smoke cell can be used to show Brownian movement. Under
microscope, the smoke cell particles look like a dots that
and .. collide with air particles in a zigzag manner.

Brownian movement
Changing states of matter
1. A material will change from one state to another at specific combination of
and surrounding Typically, the
pressure is at atmospheric pressure, therefore, . is the
determining factor for the changes state of matter.
2. When the is applied to the material, it changes from solid to
. to .. There are some exceptions where the
material will go directly from a solid to a ..
3. When a material is , it changes from to
to .. There are some exceptions where the
material will go directly from a .. to a

Changing states of matter

3.3 Density
What is density?
1. Density of a substance is the mass per unit volume of substance.

density=

mass(g)
Volume (cm 3)

2. The unit for density is gram per cubic centimetre (..) or

kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m3).
3. The density is tell us how compact a substance is, which is how much
matter is contained in one unit volume of substance. To measure the
density of an object, we determine the its mass by using lever balance,
and its volume using the .. method.
The table below shows the density of several substances.
Substance
Solid

Liquid

Gas

Cork
Glass
Iron
Copper
Silver
Lead
Petrol
Alcohol
Benzene
Water
Mercury
Hydrogen
Air
Oxygen

Density
(g/cm3)
0.25
2.6
7.9
8.9
10.5
11.4
0.75
0.8
0.88
1.0
13.6
0.0001
0.0012
0.0013

Questions
1. A block of copper measuring 2 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm has a mass of 162 g.
What is the density?

2. The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3. Find the mass of 50 cm3 of it.

3. The density of air is 1.3 kg/m3. What is the volume of 6.5 kg of air?

4. An irregularly-shaped sample of aluminum (Al) is put on a balance and

found to have a mass of 43.6 g. The student decides to use the waterdisplacement method to find the volume. The initial volume reading is
25.5 mL and, after the Al sample is added, the water level has risen to
41.7 mL. Find the density of the Al sample in g/cm 3. (Remember: 1 mL =
1 cm3.)

5. A golden-colored cube is handed to you. The person wants you to buy it

for $100, saying that is a gold nugget. You measure the cube and find that
it is 2 cm on each side, and weighs 40 g. What is its density? Is it gold?
Should you buy it? (Given that the density of gold : 19.3 g/cm 3)