Gate 2011 Q Soln1

GATE 2011
1.
The modes in a rectangular waveguide are denoted by TEmn/TMmn where m and n are the
Eigen numbers along the larger and smaller dimensions of the waveguide respectively.
Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
(A) The TM10 mode of the waveguide does not exist
(B) The TE10 mode of the waveguide does not exist
(C) The TM10 and theTE10 modes both exist and have the same cut off
frequency
(D) The TM10 and the TM01 modes both exist and have the same cut off frequencies.
Soln. (1)
In a rectangular waveguide TEmn exists for all values of m and n except m = 0 and n
=0
i.e. TE00 does not exist
For TMmn to exist both values of m and n should be non-zero.
i.e. TMoo , TM01 , & TM10 do not exist.
Option (A) is correct
2.
The Column 1 lists the attributes and the Column 2 lists the modulation systems. Match
the attribute to the modulation system that best meets it.
Column 1
Column 2
P. Power efficient transmission of signals
I. Conventional AM
Q. Most bandwidth efficient transmission of voice signals

R. Simplest receiver structure
II. FM
III. VSB
S. Bandwidth efficient transmission of signals with significant

dc component
IV. SSB - SC
(A) P IV, Q II, R I, S III
(B) P II, Q IV, R I, S III
(C) P III, Q II, R I, S IV
(D) P II, Q IV, R III, S I
GATE 2011
Soln. (2)
Power efficient transmission

Most bandwidth efficient
of voice signal
Simplest receiver structure
FM
SSBSC
conventional AM
Bandwidth efficient transmission of

signals with significant
DC component.
transmission
VSB
Option (B) is Correct

3.
The differential equation 100 d2y/dt2 -20dy/dx +y = x(t) describes a system with an input
x(t) and an output y(t). The system, which is initially relaxed, is excited by a unit step input.
The output y(t) can be represented by the waveform
GATE 2011
Soln. (3)
Given :

Taking Laplace Transform on either side

Note
So,

So the poles are with positive real part system is unstable.

4.
For the transfer function G(j) = 5+j, the corresponding Nyquist plot for positive
frequency has the form
GATE 2011
Soln. (4)
In the given problem the transfer function has real part 5 which is fixed, only
imaginary part increases with .
So option (A) is correct
GATE 2011
5.
The trigonometric Fourier series of an even function does not have the
(A) dc term
(B) cosine terms
(C) sine terms
Soln. (5)
(D) odd harmonic terms
f(t) is an even function thus bK the coefficients of sine terms will be zero.
Option (C) is correct
6.
When the output Y in the circuit below is 1, it implies that data has
(A) changed from 0 to 1
(B) changed from 1 to 0
(C) changed in either direction
(D) not changed
Soln.(6)
Data
D1
Clock
Q1
1
D2
Q2
2
As per the above diagram when data is 0 Q1 is 0 and

(first FF)
Data is changed to 1
Q1 is 1
is connected to D2 so Q2 = 1
GATE 2011
So both the inputs of AND gate are 1 Y = 1

7.
The logic function implemented by the circuit below is (ground implies a logic 0)
Soln. (7)
(A) F = AND(P, Q)
(B) F = OR(P, Q)
(C) F = XNOR(P, Q)
(D) F = XOR(P, Q)
From the given diagram O is connected to I0 and I3

1 is connected to I1 and I2
Therefore

Option (D) is correct
8.
The circuit below implements a filter between the input current i1 and the output voltage v0.
Assume that the opamp is ideal. The filter implemented is a
(A) low pass filter
(B) band pass filter
GATE 2011
(C) band stop filter

Soln. (8)
(D) high pass filter
In the given circuit

When = 0, inductor acts as short circuit
V0 = 0
When = , inductor acts as open circuit
V0 = i1 R1
So it acts as high pass filter.
9.
A silicon PN junction is forward biased with a constant current at room temperature. When
the temperature is increased by 10C , the forward bias voltage across the PN junction
Soln. (9)
(A) increases by 60 mV
(B) decreases by 60 mV
(C) increases by 25 mV
(D) decreases by 25 mV
For Si forward bias voltage changes by !"#$&
For 100 increase, change will be

!" '
"()!
10.
In the circuit shown below, the Norton equivalent current in amperes with respect to the
terminals P and Q is
Soln. (10)
(A) 6.4 j4.8
(B) 6.56 j7.87
(C) 10 + j0
(D) 16 + j0
When the terminals P & Q are short circuited, the circuit becomes
GATE 2011
j30
P
00
16
Isc
25
Q
15
From the current division rule
/'0
-.
0012
/'0
312
/'0
312
4!5 65!7
11.
In the circuit shown below, the value of RL such that the power transferred to RL is
maximum is
(A) 5
(B) 10
(C) 15
(D) 20
GATE 2011
Soln. (11)
For maximum power transmission
89 8:;
Hence the equivalent circuit is
For the calculation of RTH , replace the sources by their internal resistances
8:;

'

8:; 89 "
12.
The value of the integral c (-3z+4)/(z2+4z+5) dz where c is the circle |z| = 1 is given by
(A) 0
(C) 4/5
Soln. (12)
(B) 1/10
(D) 1
2>3
> 3>0 ?@

Denominator of the integrand can be written as z2+4z+5=(z+2)2+1=0
AB, @ 6
i.e. it will be outside the unit circle
thus the integration value will be zero
GATE 2011
13.
A transmission line of characteristic impedance 50 is terminated by a 50 load. When

excited by a sinusoidal voltage source at 10 GHz, the phase difference between two points
spaced 2 mm apart on the line is found to be /4 radians. The phase velocity of the wave
along the line is
Soln. (13)
(A) 0.8*108 m/s
(B) 1.2*108 m/s
(C) 1.6*108 m/s
(D) 3*108 m/s
We know
Phase difference
E
3
E
F
E
F
' path difference
' '
2
AB,G 7 ' '

2
G 4 '
2 (
Given
f = 10GHz =
'
H I>
Thus phase velocity of the wave along the line is
J KG
'
H ' 4 '
2
Or,
J !4 '

L (M
14.
Consider the following statements regarding the complex Pointing vector P for the power
radiated by a point source in an infinite homogeneous and lossless medium Re(P) denotes
the real part of P , S denotes a spherical surface whose centre is at the point source, and n
denotes the unit surface normal on S. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
(A) Re (P) remains constant at any radial distance for the source
(B) Re (P) increases with increasing radial distance from the source
(C) s Re (P).n ds remains constant at any radial distance from the source
(D) s Re (P).n ds decreases with increasing radial distance from the source
Soln. (14)
The statement given in

GATE 2011
15.
An analog signal is band limited to 4 kHz, sampled at the Nyquist rate and the samples are
quantized into 4 levels. The quantized levels are assumed to be independent and equally
probable. If we transmit two quantized samples per second, the information rate is
(A) 1 bit/sec
(B) 2 bits/sec
(C) 3 bits/sec
(D) 4 bits/sec
Soln. (15)
Since two samples are transmitted and each sample has 2 bits of information.
Therefore the information rate = 4bits/sec
16.
The root locus plot for a system is given below. The open loop transfer function
corresponding to this plot is given by
(A) G(s)H(s) = k[s(s+1)]/[(s+2)(s+3)]

(B) G(s)H(s) = k/[s(s-1)(s+2)(s+3)]
(C) G(s)H(s) = k[(s+1)]/[s(s+2)(s+3)2]
(D) G(s)H(s) = k[(s+1)]/[s(s+2)(s+3)]
Soln. (16)
In the figure given

X
denotes poles
denotes zero
From the root locus plot given in the figure we observe the following
One pole at zero
One zero at -1
GATE 2011
Three poles terminate to

Pole at -3 goes on both sides, it means two poles at -3.
Option (B) corresponds to the given plot.
17.
A system is defined by its impulse response h(n) =2n u(n-2). The system is
(A) Stable and causal
(B) Causal but not stable
(C) Stable but not causal
(D) Unstable and non-causal
h(n) = 2n u(n-2)
Soln. (17)
Since h(n) is existing for n>2

Thus h(n) = 0 for n<0
So system is causal
ST
ST
O PRP O R O S
S
ST
So system is unstable.
Option (B) is correct
18.
If the unit step response of a network is (1 - e-t), then its unit impulse response is
(A) e-t
(B) (1- -1)e-t
(C) -1e-t
(D) (1- )e-t
Soln. (18)
Given
s(t) step response
impulse response

UV

W X
YW X
GATE 2011
19.
The output Y in the circuit below is always 1 when
(A) Two or more of the inputs P, Q, R are 0

(B) Two or more of the inputs P, Q, R are 1
(C) Any odd number of the inputs P, Q, R is 0
(D) Any odd number of the inputs P, Q, R is 1
Soln. (19)
Given circuit is
PQ
PQ . QR PQ+QR
QR
R
P
Y = PQ + PR + RQ
(PQ+QR).PR
PR
GATE 2011
So that two or more inputs are 1 Y is always 1

20.
In the circuit shown below, capacitors C1 and C2 are very large and are shorts at the input
frequency.vi is a small signal input. The gain magnitude |vo/vi| at 10 Mrad/s is
(A) Maximum
(B) Minimum
(C) Unity
(D) Zero
Soln. (20)
In the parallel RLC circuit
Z
[I\R?] R
^
_9`
_'ab
'ac

d B\?ef

gB\?efs
So that for a tuned amplifier gain is maximum at resonant frequency.
21.
Drift current in semiconductors depends upon

(A) Only the electric field
(B) Only the carrier concentration gradient
GATE 2011
(C) Both the electric field and the carrier concentration

(D) Both the electric field and the carrier concentration gradient
Soln. (21)
Drift current h ij
h kR[S l[m noj

So it depends on carrier concentration and electric field.
22.
A Zener diode, when used in voltage stabilization circuits, is biased in

(A) Reverse bias region below the breakdown voltage
(B) Reverse breakdown region
(C) Forward bias region
(D) Forward bias constant current mode
Soln. (22)
For Zener diode

Voltage remains constant is breakdown region.
23.
The circuit shown below is driven by a sinusoidal input vi = Vp cos(t/RC). The steady state
output vo is:
(A) (Vp/3) cos(t/RC)
(B) (Vp/3) sin(t/RC)
(C) (Vp/2) cos(t/RC)
(D) (Vp/2) sin(t/RC)
GATE 2011
Soln. (23)
In the given circuit
)p )m cos&8r
+
C
o

ZW@ 8
$u
$v
1s.
t1.s
\R?@ 8
>
>w >
From the given sinusoidal input
^
Then, @
tx
t
w
z
ty1 {
1
@ 8 1
&t
@ 8 8 6
1
$u
$v
z
w|}
z
t1
w|}

2
Thus option (A) is correct
1s.
GATE 2011
24.
Consider a closed surface S surrounding a volume V. IF r is the position vector of a point

inside S, with the unit normal of S, the value of the integral
(A) 3V
(B) 5V
(C) 10V
(D) 15V
Soln. (24)
Applying the divergence theorem
"B~!R! ? "! B~?J

"3 ?J ")
Note that ! B~ 3
Where B~is position vector
25.
The solution of the differential equation dy/dx = ky, y(0) =c is :

(A) x= ce-ky
(B) x= kecy
(C) y = cekx
(D) y = ce-kx
Soln. (25)
Differential equation

for y (0) = c

?
Taking log on either side
S r
W ! W .
WR
r
W AB r
GATE 2011
rW
26.
The electric and magnetic fields for a TEM wave of frequency 14 GHz in a homogeneous
medium of relative
permittivity r and relative permeability r = 1 is given by permittivity r and relative
permeability r = 1 is given by
Assuming the speed of light in free space to be 3x108 m/s, the intrinsic impedance of free
space to be 120, the relative permittivity r of the medium and the electric field amplitude
Ep are
(A) r =3 , Ep = 120
(B) r =3 , Ep = 360
(C) r =9 , Ep = 360
(D) r =9 , Ep = 120
Soln. (26)
Given j~ jm W 1sLE > e(
~ 3W 1sLE e(

I
From the above expressions
7

AB,G
J KG
3
E
F
(
5 '
H ' 3 (eWr!
J '
L (eWr
,J
_
AB, '
L
AB,
Now we know
2'
_

GATE 2011

'
2
jm
27.
A message signal m(t) = cos 2000t + 4cos 4000t modulates the carrier c(t)= cos2fct
where fc = 1 MHz to produce an AM signal. For demodulating the generated AM signal
using an envelope detector, the time constant RC of the detector circuit should satisfy
(A) 0.5 ms < RC < 1 ms
(B) 1 s << RC < 0.5 ms
(C) RC << 1 s
(D) RC >> 0.5 ms
Soln. (27)
For proper demodulation of AM signal

The time constant should be much less than
! W!
8]
;
and much greater the .

x
8]
;
[ 8]
!"(
28.
The block diagram of a system with one input u and two outputs y1 and y2 is given below.
A state space model of the above system in terms of the state vector x and the output
vector y = [y1 y2]T is
GATE 2011
Soln. (28)
From the given system diagram

w

State vector given

w
!
w

!

w

\R?
w

\R?

w

Or

w

And
f

And

And

And

From the question

U V: U V

GATE 2011
Or

Or

U V UV
Only option (B) is satisfied.
29.
Two system H1(z) and H2(z) are connected in cascade as shown below. The overall output
y(n) is the same as the input x(n) with a one unit delay. The transfer function of the second
system H2(z) is
(A) (1-0.6z-1)/[z-1(1-0.4z-1)]
(B) z-1(1-0.6z-1)/(1-0.4z-1)
(C) z-1(1-0.4z-1)/(1-0.6z-1)
(D) (1-0.4z-1)/[z-1(1-0.4z-1)]
Soln. (29)
In the given problem

Overall transfer function is z-1 since there is unit delay in transfer function
I @! I @ @
So
I @
> aw
;w >
k!/> aw n
@ ! !3> aw

30.
An 8085 assembly language program is given below. Assume that the carry flag is initially
unset. The content of the accumulator after the execution of the program is
MVI A, 07H
RLC
MOV B, A
RLC
GATE 2011
RLC
ADD B
RRC
Soln. (30)
(A) 8H
(B) 64H
(C) 23H
(D) 15H
MVIA, 07H
RLC
A=07H
(00000111)
Rotate Acc. Left without carry
MOV B,A
00001110
00001110
8Z]

A
8Z]
ADD B
00111000

88]
3I
31.
The first six points of the 8-point DFT of a real values sequence are 5, 1-j3, 0, 3-j4, 0 and
3+j4. The last two points of the DFT are respectively
(A) 0, 1-j3
(B) 1+j3, 5
(C) 0, 1+j3
(D) 1-j3, 5
Soln. (31)
Given
R is a real sequence.

DFT of X(k) is imaginary
(seen by the points)
DFT is odd so DFT points should be complex conjugate of each other
X(0)
X*(7)
X(1)
X*(6)
X(2)
X*(5)
GATE 2011
X(3)
X*(4)
Given first five DFT points

5, 1 - j3, 0, 3 - 4j and 3+4j
Thus
X(6)
X*(1)
1+j3
X(7)
X*(0)
32.
For the BJT Q1 in the circuit shown below, = , VBEon= 0.7V, VCEsat =0.7V. The switch is
initially closed. At time t=0, the switch is opened. The time t at which Q1 leaves the active
region is
(A) 10 ms
(B) 25 ms
(C) 50 ms
(D) 100 ms
Soln. (32)
The given circuit is as follows:
GATE 2011
5V
0.5mA
5V
Q1
5F
t=0
4.3K
10V
Applying KVL at the B-E junction
0!d
3!2
- (
Since
3!2
3!2
(
A- -`
When the switch is opened
-.m
!"
!"(
)` )` ) )` )` )
)`
! 5!3 '
2 ' '
2
, ! !

Or,
'
'a
!'a
33.
In the circuit shown below, the network N is described by the following Y matrix:
GATE 2011
The voltage gain V2/V1 is

(A) 1/90
(B) -1/90
(C) -1/99
(D) -1/11
Soln. (33)
From Y parameters

-

)

)
So - ) )
- ) )
Using equation (2)
-
!
)
!)
From the given figure
) - 89
-

AB,-
Putting the value of I2 in above equation

!
)
!)

!
)
!)
!
)

!)
!
)
Therefore

w
AB,
w
!
!
GATE 2011
34.
In the circuit shown below, the initial charge on the capacitor is 2.5 mC, with the voltage
polarity as indicated. The switch is closed at time t=0. The current i(t) at a time t after the
switch is
(A) i(t) = 15 exp(-2 x 103t) A
(B) i(t) = 5 exp(-2 x 103t) A
(C) i(t) = 10 exp(-2 x 103t) A
(D) i(t) = -5 exp(-2 x 103t) A
Given: Initial charge on capacitor !" '

2 ]
Soln. (34)
Voltage on the capacitor
!0'a
0'ab
"
)
(Note the direction of voltage)
Now switch is closed
100V
10
DC
+ V() = 100V
Then
)
)
"
)
Thus
) ) U)

)VW

"

W
AB, )
"
W
&
&
&
GATE 2011
r
$

]!
0
'0'ab
W '
"W ' (l!
35.
The system of equations

x+y+z =6
x+4y+6z=20
x+4y+z=
has NO solution for values of and given by
(A) = 6 , = 20
(B) = 6 , 20
(C) 6 , = 20
(D) 6 , 20
Soln. (35)
Given equation are
@ 4
5 4@
And
If
5 G@ 3

G 4\R?
Then equation (3) becomes
4@
Equations (2) & (3) are same

i.e. infinite solutions
If
G 4\R?
5 4@
Then equation (2) has same left hand side, so cannot have different right hand side.
So will not have solution.
If
G 4\R?
It will have solution
GATE 2011
5 G@
G 4\R?
will also give solution
36.
A fair dice is tossed two times. The probability that the second toss results in a value that is
higher than the first toss is
(A) 2/36
(B) 2/6
(C) 5/12
(D) 1/2
Soln. (36)
In the first toss, results can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

For 1, the second toss results can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
For 2, the second toss results can be 3, 4, 5, 6
For3, the second toss results can be 4, 5, 6
For 4, the second toss results can be 5, 6
For 5, the second toss results can be 6
The required probability

! ! ! ! !


37.
A current sheet j = 10y A/m lies on the dielectric interface x=0 between two dielectric
media with r1 = 5, r1 =1 in region-1 (x<0) and r2 = 2, r2 =2 in region-2(x>0). If the
magnetic field in Region 1 at x =0 is H1 = 3x + 30y
A/m, the magnetic field in Region 2 at x= 0+ is :
(A) H2 = 1.5x+30y - 10z A/m
(B) H2 = 3x+30y - 10z A/m
(C) H2 = 1.5x+40y A/m
(D) H2 =3x+30y + 10z A/m
Soln. (37)
Given
Current sheet ~
e(
Magnetic field in region I at

GATE 2011
~ 3 3
e(
I
For magnetic fields boundary condition are
~
~
R R
and
I I h ' \S
(Normal component)
Here
or,
I I
' 3 ' I
I !"
I I
'

>
I I
>
I 3

>
So the total field is
I !" 3

>
38.
A transmission line of characteristic impedance 50 is terminated in a load impedance ZL.

The VSWR of the line is measured as 5 and the first of the voltage maxima in the line is
observed at a distance of /4 from the load. The value of ZL is :
(A) 10
(B) 250
(C) (19.23 + j46.15)
(D) (19.23 j46.15)
Soln. (38)
Voltage maximum at the load is observed at Ge5

Therefore @9 should be real
>
)f8 u
@9
0
0
Voltage minimum is at the load

GATE 2011
39.
X(t) is a stationary random process with auto correlation function Rx()=exp(- 2). This
process is passed through the system shown below. The power spectral density of the output
process Y(t) is
(A) (42f2 + 1) exp(-f2)
(B) (42f2 - 1) exp(-f2)
(C) (42f2 + 1) exp(-f)
(D) (42f2 - 1) exp(-f)
Soln. (39)
PSD
f K P6 K P f K

f K 5 K f K
f K U8 V
f K W E
Thus
U V
40.
The output of a 3 stage Johnson (twisted ring) counter is fed to a digital to analog
(D/A) converter as shown in the figure below. Assume all states of the counter to be unset
initially. The waveform which represents the D/A converter output Vo is
GATE 2011
Soln. (40)
The truth table for Johnson counter and DA counter output is given below:
GATE 2011
Q2
Q1
Q0
D2
D1
D0
V0
Thus the output at option (A) matches the V0 output
41.
Two D flip flops are connected as a synchronous counter that goes through the following
QB QA sequence 00 11 01 10 00 .....
The connections to the inputs DA and DB are
(A) DA = QB, DB = QA
, DB =
(B) DA =
+
QB), DB =QA
(C) DA = (QA

), DB =
(D) DA = (QAQB +
Soln. (41)
D FFs are connected as a synchronous counter. The sequence goes through the

following sequence
Present state
Next state
QB
QA
QB
QA
Now using the excitation table of D Flip-flop
GATE 2011

42.
In the circuit shown below, for the MOS transistor nCox = 100mA/V2 and the threshold
voltage VT = 1V. The voltage Vx at the source of the upper transistor is
(A) 1 V
(B) 2 V
(C) 3 V
Soln. (42)
(D) 3.67 V
For upper MOS
) 4 )
) ): " ) 5 )
Upper MOS will be in saturation because
) ) ):
For lower MOS
) )
) ): )
So
) ) ):
Hence both MOS will be in saturation
-w [S ] y 9 { ) ):
-w [S ] 5)
Similarly, - [S ] )
GATE 2011
But
-w -
Thus [S ] 55) [S ] 5)
) 3)
On solving
43.
An input x(t) = exp(-2t)u(t) + (t-6) is applied to an LTI system with impulse response h(t)
= u(t).The output is
(A) [1 - exp(-2t)]u(t) + u(t+6)
(B) [1 - exp(-2t)]u(t) + u(t-6)
(C) 0.5[1 - exp(-2t)]u(t) + u(t+6)

Soln. (43)
(D) 0.5[1 - exp(-2t)]u(t) + u(t-6)
Given W 4

I

W /

I '

ab

!
ab

!" W 4

44.
For a BJT, the common base current gain = 0.98 and the collector base junction reverse
bias saturation current Ico = 0.6A. This BJT is connected in the common emitter mode and
operated in the active region with a base drive current IB = 20A. The collector current Ic
for this mode of operation is
(A) 0.98 mA
(B) 0.99 mA
(C) 1.0 mA
(D) 1.01 mA
Soln. (44)
For common emitter configuration
-. - -`
GATE 2011
X
!HL
!HL
-. 5 '
"
'
!4
7
3

[
, !
45.
If F(S) = L[f(t)] = 2s(s+1)/(s2+4s+7) then the initial and final values of f(t) are respectively
(A) 0, 2
(B) 2, 0
(C) 0, 2/7
(D) 2/7, 0
Soln. (45)
K
3d

46.
In the circuit shown below, the current I is equal to
(A) 1.4 0 A
(B) 2.0 0 A
GATE 2011
(C) 2.8 0 A
Soln. (46)
(D) 3.2 0 A
Applying delta to star conversion circuit becomes

j4
14
00
V
j4
Net impedance
65PP 65

-
3u
d
3/
3
47.
A numerical solution of the equation f(x) = x+x -3 = 0 can be obtained using Newton
Raphson method. If the starting value is x=2 for the iteration, the value of x that is to be
used in the next step is
(A) 0.306
(B) 0.739
(C) 1.694
(D) 2.306
Soln. (47)
The given function is
K _ 3
As per the Newton Raphson method

S S
Starting values is for iteration.
K _ 3 _
K
_
GATE 2011
K
_
Then

w u
u
_

w
_
!45
Common Data questions (48-49):
48. The channel resistance of an N channel JFET shown in the figure below is 600 when
the full channel thickness (tch) of 10m is available for conduction. The built in voltage of
the gate P+N junction (Vbi) is -1V. When the gate to source voltage (VGS) is 0 V, the
channel is depleted by 1 m on each side due to the built in voltage and hence the
thickness available for conduction is only 8m.
The channel resistance when VGS = 0V is

(A) 480
(B) 600
(C) 750
(D) 1000
Soln. (48)
Depletion layer width
) )p
Given
)p )
and for )
), [(
and for
) 3), can be calculated
GATE 2011
So
[(

2
Channel width increases channel resistance increases

For 10[ m channel resistance is 600
for 7[( channel resistance
/'
L
= 750
49.
The channel resistance when VGS = -3V is

(A) 360
(B) 917
(C) 1000
(D) 3000
Soln. (49)
For
4[(
Channel resistance
/'
/
Common Data questions (50-51):

The input output transfer function of a plant H(S) = 100/[s(s+10)2]. The plant is placed in
a unity negative feedback configuration as shown in the figure below.
50.
The signal flow graph that DOES NOT model the plant transfer function H(S) is
GATE 2011
Soln. (50)
Phase cross over frequency

s

y{ 7
\R y {

Since \R y { 5"

Or, ^
B\?eWr!
PI6^P

g
o &

P1P1
'

4?
GATE 2011
51.
The gain margin of the system under closed loop unity negative feedback is
(A) 0 dB
Soln. (51)
(B) 20 dB
(C) 26 dB
Option D is considered
is forward gain

! ! !

Z

w w
Z Z Z Z
L1 L2 non touching loop

wuu
'
wuu

y
wuu
{

wuu
y {

Option (D) does not match
(D) 46 dB
GATE 2011
LINKED ANSWER QUESTIONS (52-53):

A four phase and an eight phase signal constellation are shown in the figure below.
52.
For the constraint that the minimum distance between pairs of signal points be d for both
constellations, the radii r1 and r2 of the circles are
(A) r1 = 0.707d, r2 =2.782d
(B) r1 = 0.707d, r2 =1.932d
(C) r1 = 0.707d, r2 =1.545d
(D) r1 = 0.707d, r2 =1.307d
Soln. (52)
For M-ary
E
? s y { j
Where j is distance of any point from the origin

For
4 ary
B jw
7 ary
B j
E
For
4 ary M = 4
? R y { B
For
7 ary M = 8
? R y { B
? ? ?
If
E
R y { B ?
3
AB,B
_

!
?
E
R y { B ?
L
E
L
GATE 2011
y {
!
53.
Assuming high SNR and that all signals are equally probable, the additional average
transmitted signal energy required by the 8-PSK signal to achieve the same error probability
as the 4-PSK signal is
(A) 11.90 dB
(B) 8.73 dB
(C) 6.79 dB
(D) 5.33 dB
Soln. (53)
Probability of error
j
w
So
w

w

!dd
!2d
!2d
y!dd{
3!5
To achieve same error, 2nd must have 3.42 time than Ist
The value in dB = 10log (3.42) = 5.33 dB
Statement for Answer Questions (54-55):

In the circuit shown below, assume that the voltage drop across a forward biased diode is
0.7 V. The thermal voltage Vt = kT/q = 25 mV. The small signal input vi= Vp cos(t) where
Vp= 100mV.
GATE 2011
54.
The bias current IDC through the diodes is

(A) 1 mA
(B) 1.28 mA
(C) 1.5 mA
(D) 2 mA
Soln. (54)
-`
!d!L
HH
(

55.
The ac output voltage Vac is

(A) 0.25 cos(t) mV
(B) cos(t) mV
(C) 2cos(t) mV
(D) 22 cos(t) mV
Soln. (55)
For a.c. analysis diodes will be replaced by its dynamic resistance
B

'0#
"
#
v
) .
'
HH
v
,
'
) cos ^

'a
) rA^()
cos ^
GATE 2011
GENERAL APTITUDE (GA) QUESTIONS

Q.(56-60) Carry one mark each.
56.
The question below consists of a pair of related words followed by four pairs of words.
Select the pair that best expresses the relation in the original pair:
Gladiator : Arena
(A) dancer : stage
(B) commuter : train
(C) teacher : classroom
(D) lawyer : courtroom
Soln. (56)
Gladiator :
Arena
Gladiator A person (often a slave or captive) who was armed with a sword or
other weapon and compelled to fight to death in public arena against another person
or a wild animal, for the entertainment of spectators.
Best choice is Lawyer : courtroom
Option D is best choice
57.
There are two candidates P and Q in an election. During the campaign, 40% of the voters
promised to vote for P, and rest for Q. However, on the day of election 15% of the voters
went back on their promise to vote for P and instead voted for Q. 25% of the voters went
back on their promise to vote for Q and instead voted for P. Suppose, P lost by 2 votes, then
what was the total number of voters?
(A) 100
(B) 110
(C) 90
(D) 95
Soln. (57)
Lets take total number of voters be 100

P
(40)
(60)
40%
60%
GATE 2011
(-)15% of 40(-6)
+25% of 60
(+15)
49
-25% of 60(-15)
+15% of 40(+6)
51
P lost by 2 votes.
58.
Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the following
sentence:
Under ethical guidelines recently adopted by the Indian Medical Association, human genes
are to be manipulated only to correct diseases for which _____________ treatments are
unsatisfactory.
(A) Similar
(B) Most
(C) Uncommon
(D) Available
Soln. (58)
59.
Option (D) Available is the most appropriate choice.
Choose the word from the options given below that is most nearly opposite in meaning to
the given word:
Frequency
(A) Periodicity
(B) Rarity
(C) Gradualness
(D) Persistency
Soln. (59)
The best choice is rarity which means shortage or scarcity

Option (C)
60.
Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the following
sentence:
It was her view that the countrys problems had been ___________ by foreign technocrats,
so that to invite them to come back would be counterproductive.
(A) identified
(B) ascertained
(C) exacerbated
(D) analysed
GATE 2011
Soln. (60)
The clue is that foreign technocrats did something negatively to the problem so it
is counterproductive to invite them. All other options are non negative. The best
choice is exacerbated which means aggravated.
Q.(61-65) carry two marks each.
61.
The horse has played a little known but very important role in the field of medicine. Horses
were injected with toxins of diseases until their blood built up immunities. Then a serum
was made from their blood. Serums to fight with diphtheria and tetanus were developed this
way.
It can be inferred from the passage, that horses were
(A) given immunity to diseases
(B) generally quite immune to diseases
(C) given medicines to fight toxins
(D) given diphtheria and tetanus serums
Soln. (61)
62.
Here option B is most appropriate
The fuel consumed by a motorcycle during a journey while traveling at various speeds is
indicated in the graph below.
The distances covered during four laps of the journey are listed in the table below
Lap
Distance (kilometers) Average speed (kilometers per hour)
15
15
GATE 2011
75
45
40
75
10
10
From the given data, we can conclude that the fuel consumed per kilometer was least during
the lap
(A) P
(B) Q
(C) R
(D) S
Soln. (62)
Fuel consumed per Km. will be least when mileage (kilometre per litre) mentioned
in the graph on y axis will be maximum.
From the graph we observe that mileage is maximum when vehicle is driven at
45Km/hour. Thus the stretch which Q covered at 45 kmph mileage was highest and
fuel consumption per litre lowest.
63.
Three friends, R, S and T shared toffee from a bowl. R took 1/3rd of the toffees, but
returned four to the bowl. S took 1/4th of what was left but returned three toffees to the
bowl. T took half of the remainder but returned two back into the bowl. If the bowl had 17
toffees left, how many toffees were originally there in the bowl?
(A) 38
(B) 31
(C) 48
(D) 41
Soln. (63)
8 &3
T

5 &5
3 &
Remaining 17
Let the total no. of toffees in the bowl
With R
5
2
Remaining toffees in the bowl

2
5
S
GATE 2011

No. of toffees with S 5 3

3 2
2
Remaining is bowl 5 5
3 2
2
No. of toffees with T 5 5

3 2
2
Remaining toffees in bowl 5 5

3 2
2
Given 5 5
3 2
Or
2
5 4
3 2

64.
Given that f(y) = |y|/y, and q is any non zero real number, the value of |f(q)-f(-q)| is
(A) 0
(B) -1
(C) 1
(D) 2
Soln. (64)
Given K
PP&

q is non zero real no.

to find
PKo KoP
K
PP

Ko
PP

Ko
PKo Ko P
PP

PP

PP

PP

PP

GATE 2011
65.
The sum of n terms of the series 4 + 44 + 444 + . is

(A) (4/81) [10n+1 -9n -1]
(B) (4/81) [10n-1 -9n -1]
(C) (4/81) [10n+1 -9n -10]
(D) (4/81) [10n -9n -10]
Soln. (65)
Sum of series f 5 55 555
5
3

H
H

2

R

!
H

L

H
R

S R

Gate 2011 Q Soln1

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GATE 2011

P. Power efficient transmission of signals

Q. Most bandwidth efficient transmission of voice signals

S. Bandwidth efficient transmission of signals with significant

Power efficient transmission

Bandwidth efficient transmission of

Option (B) is Correct

Taking Laplace Transform on either side

So the poles are with positive real part system is unstable.

(B) cosine terms

(C) sine terms

(D) odd harmonic terms

(A) changed from 0 to 1

(B) changed from 1 to 0

(C) changed in either direction

(D) not changed

As per the above diagram when data is 0 Q1 is 0 and  

So both the inputs of AND gate are 1 Y = 1

From the given diagram O is connected to I0 and I3

Option (D) is correct

(A) low pass filter

(B) band pass filter

(C) band stop filter

(D) high pass filter

In the given circuit

For Si forward bias voltage changes by  !"#$&

For 100 increase, change will be

(A) 6.4 j4.8

(B) 6.56 j7.87

Option (A) is correct

For maximum power transmission

Hence the equivalent circuit is

> 3>0 ?@

A transmission line of characteristic impedance 50 is terminated by a 50 load. When

(A) 0.8*108 m/s

(B) 1.2*108 m/s

(C) 1.6*108 m/s

(D) 3*108 m/s

 ' path difference

AB,G 7 ' ' 

Thus phase velocity of the wave along the line is

J !4 ' 

Option (C) is correct

The statement given in

(A) G(s)H(s) = k[s(s+1)]/[(s+2)(s+3)]

In the figure given

Three poles terminate to

(B) Causal but not stable

(C) Stable but not causal

(D) Unstable and non-causal

Since h(n) is existing for n>2

(B) (1- -1)e-t

(D) (1- )e-t

Option (A) is correct

The output Y in the circuit below is always 1 when

(A) Two or more of the inputs P, Q, R are 0

So that two or more inputs are 1 Y is always 1

In the parallel RLC circuit

Drift current in semiconductors depends upon

(C) Both the electric field and the carrier concentration

Drift current h ij

h  kR[S l[m noj

A Zener diode, when used in voltage stabilization circuits, is biased in

As per the above diagram when data is 0 Q1 is 0 and

For Si forward bias voltage changes by !"#$&

> 3>0 ?@

' path difference

AB,G 7 ' '

J !4 '

Drift current h ij

h kR[S l[m noj

"B~!R! ? "! B~?J

Where B~is position vector

Given j~ jm W 1sLE > e(

~ 3W 1sLE e(

State vector given

f

8Z]

R is a real sequence.

Given: Initial charge on capacitor !" '

) ) U)

"W ' (l!

5 G@ 3

I I h ' \S