Vocabulary Words

1. Anthropology- The study of humans and species

2. Appeasement- To make satisfied or give in to demands in order to avoid war
3. Communism/command- The policy of shared resources
4. Diaspora- Jews living outside of Israel
5. Economist- An expert in economics (the efficient use of resources)
6. Gross Domestic Product- The total value of goods produced and services provided in a
country during one year
7. Have nations, developed nations, or industrial nations- A nation with a high standard
of living, industrial power, and a strong economy
8. Imperialism- Extending rule over foreign countries
9. Monotheism- Belief in only one god
10. Nationalism- Patriotism for a country
11. Neutrality/nonalignment- Not supporting either side in a conflict
12. P.C.I.- Per Capita Income; The average income of a country
13. Polytheism- Belief in more than one god
14. Sanctions and Embargoes- A threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule; an
official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country
15. Schism- Split between sections or parties
16. Secularism- Doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations
17. Social mobility- The movement of an individual to another social or status group
18. Specialization- Separation of tasks within a system
19. Stratification- The act or process or arranging persons into classes or social strata
20. Subsistence agriculture- Farming just enough to live and provide vital food for ones
family
21. Tariff- A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports
22. Terracing- The process of building walls to hold the soil in place on a sloped
landscape.
23. Theocracy- Religious government
24. Topography- Surface features of a region
25. Adherents- Someone who supports a particular party, person, or set of ideas
26. Advocated- Publicly recommend or support
27. Autonomy- A self-governing country or region
28. Catalyst- A person or thing that precipitates an event
29. Condoned- Approve of or accept to continue
30. Constituents- The body of voters who elect a representative for their area
31. Dissident- In opposition to official policy
32. Edict- A formal or authoritative proclamation
33. Eradicate- To wipe out
34. Hegemony- One country or group dominates another
35. Hinder- To block or delay
36. Hubris- Arrogance
37. Indigenous- Native
38. Instigate- To initiate or provoke
39. Myriad- A countless or extremely great number
40. Partition- The action or state of dividing or being divided into parts

41. Pluralistic- Diverse

42. Precipitate- Cause to move suddenly and with force
43. Tenets- A principle or belief, especially one of the main principles of a religion or
philosophy
44. Tutelage- Guidance or instruction
Intro Unit/World Problems/Terrorism
Interdependent- We need other countries because we dont have all of the resources and
products we need
Globalization- The growing integration of economies in the world
Flat world- Playing field has been leveled for all countries
Democracy- People run the government
Presidential Democracy- President represents the people
Dictatorship- Power lies with one person
Junta- Military Dictatorship
Theocracy- A nation ran by religious leaders
Communism- The government controls and distributes equally (lacking incentive and
leads to greed)
Republic- Government run by a charter or constitution
Command- Government controls the economy
Capitalism- Businesses and corporations trade
Traditional- The way things have always been done
Famine- Extreme lack of food in a region
J curve- Thomas Malthus predicted famine because food production is liner and
population growth is expediential.
Direct method- Drop food
Fishpole/Indirect method- Teach man how to farm and how to use tools
Have vs. have not nations- Developed versus poor and low life expectancy/literacy rates
Ethnocentrism- When your culture thinks it is better than all others
Assimilation- Cultures blend
Acculturation- Countries cultures meet and blend
Parliamentary Democracy- Have a prime minister at the head
Socialism- Production and distribution by socialism
Neolithic- Agricultural Revolution (Bantus took over the Khoisions)
Civilization- A way of life
Demographics- Information about a population
Terrorism- The use of violence or threat of violence to get or to meet your goal
Revolutionary- Groups that use terrorism because they want a change
Hezbollah- Terrorist group; enemies with Israel
International- Involves more than one country
Air France Flight 139- (1976) Plane hijacked going from Athens to Israel
State Sponsored- A state or country is behind the attack

Pan Am Flight 103- (Libya 1988) Blew up over Lockerby, Scotland (London to JFK),
two government officials who worked for Kudafi were responsible
Nuclear terrorism- Use of nuclear weapons
Narco- Use of violence or threat of violence using Narcotics (drugs)
Hijacking- Take over controls to take over a group of people
1972 Olympics- Arab terrorists (Black September, an offshoot of the PLO) take an Israeli
wrestling team hostage
Operation Wrath of God- Launched against the Palestinians in revenge for September 5th
Africa and World Problems
Olduvai Gorge (Hadar, Ethiopia) - Where Dr. Johanson found Lucy in 1947 at site 162. It
is the best place to find evidence because there is a rift do to the climate and weather, so
things can surface.
African Origin Theory- Man was thought to have derived from Africa (Cradle of
Civilizations)
Tribalism- Is loyal to ones group or tribe rather than ones country
Animism- The belief in a supernatural power that organizes and animates the material
universe
Sahara Dessert- First food domestication in Africa (Food centers)
Niles (Egyptians)- The 1st Africans to develop (1st domesticated food)
Slavery- The systematic exportation of labor for work without consent
Mansa Musa- Conquered and had 500 slavesthe Romans, Greeks, Edyptains, and the
Middle East would trade slave
Prince Henry the Navigator- Wants to be famous for navigating around the world
(Portugal- 1400s)
Dr. Johanson- (1947) Brought a team to the valley of Hadar, Ethiopia. At site 162 he finds
the oldest hominid to ever exist, Lucy.
Thomas Gray- Assisted Dr. Johanson
Mali- Advanced city, hospitals, people, universities, scholars, libraries (1300s) in
Timbuktu
1443 Nuo Trista- Ship seizes 29 Africans and brings them back to Portugal
Pope Nicholas the 5th (V)- Says slavery is okay for non-Christians
Plantations- Why the slave trade worked. Saint Dominico was the largest plantation, with
tobacco, cotton, and sugar.
Kingdom of Kongo- Diago introduced it. Portugal spotted it in 1480. He converts them to
Christianity so the community is protected. He writes saying they are the Christian King
of Portugal. There is no response, but they went after surrounding tribes. The whole
kingdom was then annihilated; they created a system where everyone hated them.
Ashant- (Ghana) controlled gold trade. Leave gold trade go to slave trade back to
gold trade after
Da homey- Also affected Mandica
Benin- Stayed out from slave trade: Reflected art work
Tiv- If the West thought you were deformed they wouldnt take you. They scarified their
heads. The Europeans thought they were disgusting

Vesco de Gama (1497)- Goes around the Cape of Good Hope. It had a balanced climate, a
savanna (grassland), and a steppe
Steeping sickness- From tsetse fly
Burton and Speke- (Royal Geographic Society) Want to find the source of the Nile River
(1850s). They end up discovering Lake Tanganyika and there is snow in Africa at a
higher altitude. They disagree. Burt thought Lake Tanganyika was the ource of the Nile,
while Speke though it was Lake Victoria.
Dr. Livingstone- Goes to Africa and likes the Africans. He had witnessed a slave raid and
outlawed slavery. He feels pain from the West. He discovered:
- Lake Nysa (1859)
- Victoria Falls (1855)
- Lake Ngami (1849)
In 1969 he disappears.
Henry Morton Stanly- (writes for the NY Herald) Finds Dr. Livingstone
Mungo Park (1796, Niger) Sick and kidnapped by a hostile tribe
Shara Desert- Need camels, food, and water (hot, disease)
Callie- Wants to explore the desert and go to Timbuktu and Mali. He is disguised as an
Arab because he would be in trouble if he came across an Arab tribe. In 1828 he arrives
in Timbuktu and finds it is gone.
Scarification- Marking up your body
Animism- Polytheistic traditional religion of Africa in which there is power in animals
Polygamy- Numerous spouses
- Polygyny- One husband and two or more wives
- Polyandry- One wife and two or more husbands
Hominid- Early humans
Apartheid- A vision to see Africans as permanently inferior
Subcontinent
It covers most of North, Central, and East India. It has a large population because of farming.
There is farming because of the fertile land.
Deccan Plateau- High, flat land in South India
Jhar Desert- Northwest dry desert that goes into Pakistan
Mountains: Himalayan, Hindukush, and Ghats
Himalayan Mountains- Cuts India off from Asia
Rivers and peninsulas- Helps trade, transportation, and defense
Monsoon- A wind system which usually brings in lots of rain because high and low pressures
develop. High pressures develop over water and low pressures develop over land. This is used
for navigation in particular, but also for sailing and Indian Ocean trading. It was used by Greeks,
Persians (Iran), Chinese, Songhai Dynasty, East Africans, and Indonesians. 600 million Indians
are in the agricultural business. 20% of the GDP is dependent on the Monsoon. It either will not

come, and result in a drought, or come and cause a flood. In 1972 the Monsoon didnt come and
the Indians protested against Indira Gandhi because the economy was bad. Kids celebrate the
arrival of dark clouds. In three hours, India gets more rain than Los Angeles in one year. The
record for the most rain in the world is held by Cherapunji with a 1041 average. Indias average
rate of rainfall is 420.
Indonesia- Has pepper. Pepper was used to preserve food, it tasted good, and for pearls (from
oysters).
Trading Seasons- Three trading seasons: Winter (October-February, dry, hot, no rain, average
from 60-80), Summer (March-May, hot, dry, average 100), and Monsoon (June-September,
hot, wet)

TIME PERIOD
3200-2850 BCE

CIVILIZATION
INDUS VALLEY

IMPORTANT FACTS AND

DESCRIPTIONS
-EARLIEST CIVILIZATION IN
PAKISTAN
-NEAR THE INDUS RIVER
-SPOKE DVAVIDIAN, WHICH
CANNOT BE DECIPHERED

-WORSHIPPED MOTHER GODDESS

-CITIES: HARAPPA AND
MOHERJO DARO
-ADVANCED INFRASTRUCTURE:
SEWER SYSTEMS, TERRAIN PIPES,
GARBAGE COLLECTORS,
PERFECTLY ALIGNED SQUARE
CITIED

-DECLINED PROBABLY BECAUSE

11500 BCE-1500 BCE

ARYANS

OF A NATURAL DISASTER
-ORIGINATED FROM STEPPES OF

SOUTH RUSSIA
-DIDNT ORIGINALLY MIGRATE
BECAUSE THE HORSE WASNT
DOMESTICATED

-IN 1500 BCE THEY

DOMESTICATE THE HORSE AND
CAN MIGRATE

-PILLAGING-RAID VILLAGES
-INDRA IS NOW THE MOST

IMPORTANT

GOD

ZOROASTER- (1200 BCE) PRIEST WAS HORRIFIED WITH THE ARYANS AND THOUGHT THEY HAD
IT WRONG. THEY SHOULD BE FOLLOWING LORD MAZDA AND MAYBE THEY WOULD BE PAID
BACK. THIS IS THE EARLIEST FORM OF MONOTHEISM. THEY DO NOT WANT TO MAKE INDRA
MADE. ZOROASTRIAN BECOMES THE STATE RELIGION OF IRAN AFTER ZOROASTER DIES.
Hinduism- The most popular religion in India

Oldest religion in the world- at least 5000 years old

Over 1 billion followers
80% of Indians practice Hinduism
3rd largest religion in the world
No founder
Combination of religions from the Aryans, Indians, and Indus Valley
Difficult conversion religion
DONT PROCLAIM TO KNOW EVERYTHING LIKE CHRISTIANS
DIRECT LINK TO INDIAS PAST
10TH BCE VAISHYAS- FARMERS WHO COME AND START QUESTIONING DEVAS. THEY SEEK
OUT MORE WORTHY GODS. THEY SEEK A CREATOR GOD.
RIGVEDAS- CONCEPT CREATOR GOD PRAJAPATI OR GOD OF GODS
BRAHMAN- HOLDS IT TOGETHER; SUPREME REALITY; COSMIC GLUE
900-800 BCE ATMAN- INNER SELF SOUL
QUESTION SACRIFICE
BELIEVE IN SYMBOLISM
AHMISA- NONVIOLENCE
800-700 BCE- RENOUNCER, ASCETICS. THEY SACRIFICE EVERYTHING AND GO INTO THE
FOREST. THEY BEG FOR FOOD AND EAT PLANTS BECAUSE THEY DONT WANT TO KILL
700-600 BCE- UPINISHADS- END OF VEDAS
YOGA- SYSTEMATIC ATTACK OF THE EGO
RRS- NATIONALISTIC GROUP WHO WANTS TO MAKE HINDUISM MORE RIGID
SAMSURA- REINCARNATION
KARMA- ACTIONS WILL DETERMINE YOUR REBIRTH
DHARMA- YOUR DUTY TO ACCEPT FATE
MOKSHA- THE ESCAPE FROM SAMSARA (REBIRTH). YOU WILL NOT BE REBORN IF YOU DO
YOUR DUTY.
CASTE SYSTEM- BORN INTO A FAMILY OCCUPATION
ORDER
BRAHMINS

OCCUPATION
PRIESTS

KSHATRYAS
VAISHYAS
SHUDRAS
UNTOUCHABLES

RULERS AND WARRIORS

PEASANTS
LABORERS
CLEAN TOILETS, REMOVE BODIES, ECT.
*THE LOWEST, NOT EVEN
ACKNOWLEDGED*

1995- THE CASTE SYSTEM IS OUTLAWED, BUT IS TECHNICALLY STILL USED IN INDIA
UNTOUCHABLES HAD TO WEAR COWBELLS
MOST FAMILIES HAVE SHRINES IN THEIR HOMES AND LEAVE THINGS FOR THEM
HINDUISM HAS SPREAD TO INDONESIA. ONE ISLAMIC ISLAND, BALI, BECAME HINDU
MOST HINDUS FOLLOW CENTRAL GODS
LORD BRAHMA- THE CREATOR GOD
LORD SHIVA- THE DESTROYER
LORD VISHNU- THE PRESERVER (OF LIFE)
Daevas- Gods
Indra- Warrior God
Agni- Fire God
Mazda- Lord of Justice

JAINISM- LESS VIOLENT RELIGION WITH 4.2 MILLION FOLLOWERS. IT IS ONE OF THE OLDEST
RELIGIONS (386 BCE). THEY HAVE AN EXTREME FOLLOWING OF AHIMSA.
ASHOKA- HE IS THE GRANDSON OF THE MAURAYAN EMPIRE FOUNDERS. HE CONTINUES ON WITH
HIS EXPANSION AND ATTACKS AND ANNIELATES KALINGA. THIS IS AN EPIPHANY AND THEN
EMBRACES AHMISA AND CONVERTS TO BUDDHISM.
SHAN- JAHAN- BUILDS THE TAJH MAHAL IN MEMORY OF HIS WIFES BEAUTY
INDIA HAS: SPICES (PEPPER, SAFFRON), TRADING, ANIMALS (TIGERS, ELEPHANTS), SILK FROM
CHINA, SAPPHIRES, GOLD, DIAMONDS, EBONY (WOOD), PEARLS, JUTE, INDIGO, COTTON, AND TEA.
INDIA SPEARHEADS COLONIZATION.
IMPERIALISM- WHEN A STRONG NATION TAKES OVER A WEAKER ONE
SEPOYS- MERCENARIES HIRED TO BE IN ARMY SET UP BY MOGUELS
ROBERT CLIVE- LEADER OF BRITISH TRADING COMPANY
BATTLE OF SWALLEY- (1612) GREAT BRITIAN WINS AND PORTUGAL IS REDUCED TO 1-2
ISLANDS

MOGUELS DECLINE AT THE END OF THE 1600S AND BEGINNING OF THE 1700S AT BRITAIN TAKES
ADVANTAGE

BATTLE OF PLASSEY- (1757) BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY WON OVER THE BENGALIS, WHICH
CREATED COMPANY RULE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
THE SEPOY REVOLUTION- MUTINY- (1857) THE SEPOYS HEARD A RUMOR THAT THE GUN
CARTRIDGE WAS GREASED WITH COW AND PIG PAT, SO THEY REFUSED TO GREASE THE
CARTRIDGE.
CAUSES:
1. POLITICAL- JUSTICE SYSTEM
2. ECONOMICS- TAKE NATURAL RESOURCES BACK TO GREAT BRITAIN AND FARMERS CANT
FEED THEIR FAMILIES BECAUSE THEY CANNOT SUSTAIN CASH CROPS
GREAT BRITAIN TAKES THE RAW MATERIALS>MANUFACTURE THE GOODS>TRANSPORT
THEM BACK TO INDIA>

SELL TO INDIANS AT LOW PRICES SO INDIAN COMPANIES WOULD

GO OUT OF BUSINESS (ONLY BUY EUROPEAN SALT)
3. SOCIAL- THE COW IS A SACRED ANIMAL.
INDIA IS A COLONY OF GREAT BRITAIN. IT BECOMES THE BRITISH RAJ 858.
VICEORY WANTED TO SET UP CHRISTAIN SCHOOLS AND GET RID OF SOME OF THE HINDU
CUSTOMS.
SATI- JUMP INTO THE FIRE (BRIDE BURNING) TO SHOW HOW MUCH ONE LOVES HIM
GANDHI- INFLUENTIAL HINDU LEADER WHO BELIEVED IN NON-VIOLENCE AND DEMOCRATIC
CHANCE. HE WAS BORN TO THE VAISHYA CAST OF PERFUME SELLERS IN 1869. HE STUDIES
BHAGAVID GITA OR THE SONG OF GODS ON HINDUISM. HE BECOMES A LAWYER, AND IN SOUTH
AFRICA IN 1890 HE DEVELOPS SOME GOALS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

ELIMINATE BRITISH RULE- SWARAJ (SELF RULE)

ELIMINATE POVERTY
ELIMINATE UNTOUCHABLES- HARIJAN
BROTHERHOOD RELIGIONS
LIBERATE WOMEN

BLACK ACT- (1906) FINGERPRINTS ALL WOMEN IN INDIA

GANDHIS CAMPAIGN: SATYAGRAHA- FIRMNESS OF GOOD TRUTH
ASHRAM- HUGE COMMUNE
UTILIZE MEDIA
ROWLATT ACT- (1919) DIDNT WANT TO GIVE FREEDOM TO INDIANS, DESPITE THEIR HELP IN
WORLD WAR I. THEY TAPPED INTO RESOURCES FOR BULLETS, PAID TAX, AND OVER 1.5 MILLION
INDIANS WERE USED TO FIGHT.

HARTAL- DAY OF PRAYER AND FASTING TO SHUT DOWN INDIA

THE AMRITSER MASSACRE- (1919) GENERAL DYERS RESPONSE FOR NOT OBEYING THE
ROWLATT ACT. 7000 SIKHS MET AT THE GOLDEN TEMPLE TO EMBRACE GANDHIS PLAN. DYER
WANTED TO SHOOT INTO THE THICKEST PART OF THE CROWD.
THE NON COOPERATION CAMPAIGN- (1920) NO COOPERATION WITH THE BRITISH
SIMON COMMISSION- (1927) SET UP A COMMITTEE TO TRY TO DEAL WITH THE DEMANDS OF
INDIANS, BUT DIDNT ASK THE INDIANS TO SIT ON THE COMMISSION.
DECEMBER 31, 1929- INDIANS DECLARE INDEPENDENCE
SALT SATYAGRAHA (SALT MARCH) - (1930) GANDHI USES CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE TO PROTEST
THE BRITISH SALT MANUFACTURING. THEY BRING IN 8.2% OF THEIR REVENUE FROM SALT. HE
STARTS AT HIS ASHRA, 241 MILES TO THE SEA. 78 HANDPICKED MALES WALK THROUGH 48
VILLAGES. THE MEDIA IS INVITED. AFTER 23 DAYS, ON APRIL 15 TH, THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE
AHMRITSER MASSACRE, THEY MAKE IT.
STORMING OF DHANSANI SALT FACTORY- USED NONVIOLENCE TO GAIN INDEPENDENCE.
1934- GANDHI RESIGNS FROM THE INC
1940- SATYAGRAHA AGAINST WAR. 2.5 MILLION FOUGHT FOR GREAT BRITAIN.
1942- QUIT INDIA CAMPAIGN- DO OR DIE BY NEHRU
AUGUST 15, 1947- INDIA GAINS INDEPENDENCE
PARTITION BETWEEN THE MUSLIMS AND ISLAM
GANDHIS METHODS:
1.
2.
3.
4.

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE- NOT OBEY UNJUST LAWS (BLACK ACT)

BOYCOTT (BRITISH CLOTH IN 1920)
MARCH AND DEMONSTRATIONS
FASTING (17 TIMES)

JANUARY 30, 1948- GODSE KILLED GANDHI. HE WAS A BRAHMIN AND A MEMBER OF THE RRS
WHO BELIEVED IN EXTREME, RIGID HINDUISM. HE WAS MAD AT GANDHI BECAUSE HE WAS
ACCEPTING OF MUSLIMS AND THOUGHT HE WOULD GIVE UP EVERYTHING.
PARTITION IN INDIA: MUSLIMS AND HINDUS SEPARATED INTO PAKISTAN AND INDIA. THE
MUSLIM LEAGUE WAS CREATED IN 1906 TO PROTECT MUSLIM INTERESTS. MUHAMMED ALI
JINNAH WAS THE LEADER OF THE MUSLIM LEAGUE. THEY PROPOSED THE PARTITION IN 1940

BECAUSE THEY WANTED A SECULAR

MUSLIC COMPANY. HOWEVER, THE INC REJECTS THEIR

PLAN.

DIRECT ACTION DAY- (1976) VIOLENCE, RIOTS, AND COW KILLINGS STARTING IN CALCUTTA (BY
MUSLIMS) TO SHOW HINDUS WHAT THEY REJECTED. GREAT BRITAIN THEN PULLED OUT. 1-2
MILLION PEOPLE DIED WHEN THEY PARTITIONED. BECAUSE THE INDIANS AND MUSLIMS HAD TO
MIGRATE, 10 MILLION BECAME REFUGEES.
EAST PAKISTAN SPEAKS BENGALI AND WEST PAKISTAN SPEAKS URDU
RADCLIFF WAS IN CHARGE OF DRAWING THE PARTITION AND FAVORED NEHRU. WEST PAKISTAN
WAS LED BY JINNAH. BHUTTO DIED IN A CAR BOMB.
RELIGIOUS LEADERS FEED CHILDREN AND TEACH THEM HATE AT MADRASSES, NOW LED BY
MOLAS. BIN LADEN IS A BENEFACTOR. THEY BREED TERRORISM AND LEARN QUARAN, OR THE
MUSLIM BOOK OF WORSHIP.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU IS A PANDIJ, OR SCHOLAR. HE WAS THE YOUNGEST MEMBER OF THE INC
AND WAS JAILED A TOTAL OF TEN YEARS. HE EMBRACES LENNON AFTER THE RUSSIAN
REVOLUTION, AND BELIEVES IN COMMUNISM AND SOCIALISM.
PROBLEMS: PAKISTAN CONFRONTATION, STARVATION AND POVERTY, ILLITERACY, LOW LIFE
EXPECTANCY, LOW PCI, AND A HUGE POPULATION.
HE WANTED VOTING, RIGHTS, UNTOUCHABLES, AND WOMEN. INDIA IS THE LARGEST
DEMOCRACY IN THE WORLD. HE SET UP THE ITT DOMESTIC (HOME) PLAN TO EMBRACE
SOCIALISM

FOREIGN POLICY- NONALIGNMENT

BANDUNG CONFERENCE- (1955) INVITES ASIA AND AFRICA NATIONS. MISTAKE: TRUSTS MAO
GREEN REVOLUTION- REVOLUTION OVER AGRICULTURE
J.P. MOVEMENT- BRING INDIRA DOWN
SIKHISM- 20 MILLION FOLLOWERS FOUNDED IN THE 1600S. THEY MUST FOLLOW TEN GURUS.
GURU NANEK FOUNDED THIS MONOTHEISTIC RELIGION. THEY BELIEVE IN REINCARNATION,
KARMA, AND THE FIVE KS FOR UNITY AND SYMBOLISM.
OPERATION BLUE STAR- (1984) MILITARY STORM OF THE GOLDEN TEMPLE TO ATTACK SINGH,
BUT INSTEAD ATTACKS CIVILIANS.
MIDDLE EAST
Islam- Translates to surrender to God; founded by Mohammed

Muslims- Practice Islam

Mosque- Place to pray
Ramadan
Allah- Only God in Islam
Koran- Book with religious and political rulesd
Monotheism- Muslims only believe in Allah
Jihad- Inner struggle
1. Struggle in the Koran (inner)- Follow pillars and Allah
2. After the crusades (external)- When someone wants to hurt or kill you
Mecca- Muslims must go once in their life to pray and worship
Fundamentalism- Strict, rigid rules that one abides by
Haji- A Muslim who has been to Mecca
Mohammed- Revolutionary figure who is the last in line of Allah. He acquired with Jews and
Christians and influenced trade with the Persians.
Kbba- Box in Mecca
Ulema- Religious scholar
Umma- Muslim community
Diet
Dome of Rock- Place where Mohammed ascended to Heaven
Medina Shiite *See notes
Sunni *See notes
Imam- The person who leads prayers in a mosque
Twelvers- Believe there is another iman to come
Hussein- Iraqi leader who waged war against Iran
Caliphs- The civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of
Allah on earth
Abbasid- Dynasty that ruled Islamic Empire in Middle East from mid-8th to 13th century
Umayyad- the first dynasty of Arab caliphs
Abu Bakr- Early convert and immediate believer in Islam
Wahabism- A conservative and intolerant form of Islam that is practiced in Saudi Arabia
Taliban- a fundamentalist Islamic militia; in 1995 the Taliban militia took over Afghanistan and
in 1996 took Kabul and set up an Islamic government; "the Taliban enforced a strict Muslim
code of behavior"
What are the five pillars of faith in Islam?
Five Pillars- The foundation of Islam as believed by all Muslims
1. Shahada- Must profess your belief in one God- Allah
2. Salah- Pray five times a day towards the city of Mecca (originally Jerusalem)
3. Zakat (almsgiving)- Muslims must share their wealth. 10% of their money goes to the
poor, meaning that his appeals to the lower class. There is money in oil, so the controllers
have money. They have free education and pay for healthcare.
4. Sawm- Muslims must fast during the month of Ramadan. During this time, they are very
weak.
5. Hajj- Muslims must make a pilgrimage at least once to Mecca. They all wear white
because they are all equal.
6. Egyptians- (3000 BC- 395 AD) Pyramids, mathematics, astronomy, and papyrus
7. Phoenicians- (1200-800 BC) Seafarers (became Lebanon)

8. Hieroglyphics- Communication symbols used by the Egyptians

9. Cuneiform- Early language
10. Tigris and Euphrates- Rivers beneficial to the Sumerians
11. Fertile Crescent- A geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a
broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates
12. Persians- Persia was an empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th
century BC and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. Its people were
called the Persians.
13. Royal Road- The network of the Assyrian "king's roads" was a system of privileged
overland routes used for state purposes, such as the transport of troops and
communication between the king and his officials
14. Zoroastrian- Zoroastrianism introduced the concept of monotheism, and the duality of
good and evil
15. Cryus- Created Persia in 6th century B.C.
16. Assyrians- (800 BC- 612 BCE) Weapons, warriors, and military
17. Nubians- (2000 BC- 1000 BCE) Kush- Social stratification and culture
18. Sumerians- (2900-1800 BCE) Controlled irrigation, cuneiform, mudbricks, military, and
the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
19. Babylonians- (1900 BC) The Hanging Gardens and Code of Hammurabai
20. Hanging Gardens- Babylonian landmark
21. Code of Hammurabi- Code of Laws (Babylonians)
22. Papyrus- Paper developed by the Egyptians
23. Why is the Fertile Crescent important for early Middle Eastern civilizations?
24. What are the accomplishments of the early civilizations?
25. Sumerians- Tigris and Euphrates
26. Babylonians- Code of Hammurbai and the Hanging Gardens of Babylonia
27. Phoenicians- Seafarers
28. Assyrians- Military warriors
29. Egyptians- Papyrus and advancements
30. Nubians- (Kush) Social stratification and culture
31. Rabbi- Jewish religious leader
32. Torah- Scroll of the law of God as told to Moses
33. Synagogue- Building where the Jewish congregation meets
34. Holocaust- Mass murder of Jews
35. Monotheism- Belief in only one God
36. Jews- Waiting for the Messiah; the descendant of King David
37. Torah- The Jewish book made up of the five books of Moses: Genesis, Exodus,
Levitacus, Deuteronomy, Numbers
38. Talmud- Holy book with an explanation the understanding of the Torrah
39. Tefillin- Phylacteries worn by Jews
40. Tallit- Jewish prayer shawl
41. Mitzvahs- Good deed done from religious duty or commandment (celebration when age
thirteen is reachedbar: boy, bat: girl)
42. Koshrut- Set of Jewish dietary laws
43. Star of David- Jewish and Israeli symbol
44. Yarmulke- Skullcap worn by orthodox Jews during prayer

45. Yom Kippur- Religious fast at the last of the ten days of penitence, beginning with Rosh
Hashanah
46. Solomon- Son of David; King of Israel
47. King David- David was the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel
48. Babylonian relations with Jews49. Persian relations with Jews50. Abraham- The Hebrew patriarch from whom all Jews trace their descent
51. Jerusalem- The Holy City
52. Moses- Hebrew prophet who led the Israelis from Egypt
53. Diet- Cant eat lobster, bottom feeders, and meat with milk (as a courtesy to cows)
54. What is the Torah? Made up of the five books of Moses: Genesis, Exodus, Levitacus,
Deuteronomy, Numbers
55. Fertile Crescent- A geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a
broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates
56. Anatolia- Thriving Islamic Empire (largest since Abbasid)
57. Levant- Home to monotheistic religions: Christianity, Judaism, Islam. It is modern and
has the highest university degrees.
58. Resources- Oil (good for trade)
59. Crossroads- Crossroads because of the Middle Easts locations between continents
60. Tigris and Euphrates- The TigrisEuphrates river system is part of the palearctic TigrisEuphrates alluvial salt marsh ecoregion, in the flooded grasslands and savannas biome,
located in West Asia
61. The term Middle East- The Near East (ethnocentric because closer to Western Powers)
62. Persia- Home of Zoroastrians
63. Impact of Water- Water is scarce, but is important because everything is possible with
oil
64. Demography- Desert conditions, some mountains, climate
65. What resources does the Middle East have and what resources does it lack?
66. Has: Oil
67. Does not have: Water
Sultan- Wealth of empire belongs to these leaders of the Ottomans
Osman- The first leader of the Islamic empire Anatolia. Ottoman comes from the name Osman.
Istanbul- In 1443 the capital Bersa becomes Istanbul. Constantinople is captured.
Vassal state- Territories that are centralized and controlled by themselves, but money was paid
to the Ottomans
Janisarries- (devshirme) a great military that captures Christain boys, brought them back to
Bursa, educated them, and then taught them to fight
SeraglioSuleiman the Magnificent- (1520- 1566) Ruler of the Golden Ages
MilletCrimean War- (1853- 1856) War over the Ottoman Empire. Great Britain and France and
against Russia.
Sick ManTreaty of Paris- Black Sea Neutral- the Ottomans have to pay and then are backrupt
Armenian Massacre- Young Turks deported the Armanians.
Why are the Ottomans significant?

What caused their downfall?

1. Did not modernize
2. Strategic position
3. West comes in
4. Economy
5. Debt
6. Treatment of Non-Muslims
What happened to the Armenians under the Turks in 1915? Over one million of them were
deported.
What accomplishments did the Ottomans achieve?
Largest Islamic empire since Abbasid
Sets up the Ottoman Empire using vassal states
Advanced when the West is in the Dark Ages
Builds schools, healthcare, and mosques
China

Chou Period- Warring States Period (403-221 BCE); chaotic; violent

Kong Qui or Kong Fuzi (Western name)- Confucius
Communist revolution (1966)- Get rid of Communist influence on Chinese
Ren- Attitude of kindness, respect, diligence, ect.
Li- Behaviors you should follow
Filial Piety- Put your parents before your own needs
Legalism- Han Feizi founded it. There are three parts to legalism: Fa, shi, and shu. There
is no need to discuss mortality. One only needed strict guidance.
Chin- 1st dynasty to unify China using legalism
Shi Huangdi- He crushed opposition following Confucism. He is responsible for
uniforming currency, weights, built roads, set up irrigation, and began building the Great
Wall.
Accupuncture- Needles to stop pain
Daoism- Tao- Late Hun Dynasty and resurfaces in Tang. It is intertwined with other
philosophies, founded by Laozi. It is a way of life that should not interfere with the
natural flow of things. The three jewels are: Compassion, Modernization, and Humility.
Wu Wei- No action
Feng shui- House is extension of nature
Yin and yang- Need balance
Chin dynasty- 221-202 BCE
Shihungdi- 1st Emperor of China: Obsessed with immortality. In 1974 70,000 terracotta
warriors sacrificed for him and the weapons were rigged.
Han dynasty- 2020 CE-220 CE. This became a Confucious dynasty, which was important
because Rome was thriving. The Han dynasty had education, civil service, expanded their
empire, and planned cities (centralized and secured the Silk Road great for trading).
They invented paper, the horse collar, crossbones, and silk. Buddhism spread. Things
were peaceful. There were taxes and they worked with iron.

Song dynasty- Bound feet because it was considered attractive (cracked foot meant you
couldnt work and were therefore marriageable)
Zhou preserved Shang culture
Chief deity- Heaven
Monarch- Son of Heaven
Rule- Mandate of Heaven (ruler chosen by the supreme deity)
Location of capitals in the Western part of the Kingdom and the buildings faced south so
they were harmonious with the weather.
Dynastic cycle- New emperor Drought, floods Population, less money for public
work because of taxesRebellion
Sui- (589-6180 CE) Strong centralizes government. They built the Grand Canal to
irrigate China.
Tang- (618-907 CE) Golden Ages of China while the West was in the Dark Ages. They
had advanced music, art, poetry, infrastructure, and inventions (gunpowder). They set up
equal distribution of land, postal system, and secured the Silk Road. They had the civil
service exam. They got agricultural technology (irrigation), iron tools, shops, flourishing,
taverns, brothels, theatres, specialty shops, and porcelain shops.
Song- (960-1279 CE) Continuation of the Golden Ages
Marco Polo- Westerner from Italy who goes to court Cubelcon and tries to take back what
Chinas like
Ethnocentrism- One nation believes they are better than another
Canton System- Come through Canton and is decided if they should be allowed in based
on their gifts (pay respects to leader)
Opium Wars- (1840-1856) Chinese dump Opium off ships
Treaty of Nanking- British wins and gets Hong Kong
Treaty of Tientsin (1856)- Spheres of influence are set up
Dr. Sun Yat- Sen- President of the Republic of China in 1912 for 45 days. He was a
nationalist (Kuomintang). He couldnt centralize the war lords. His ideas included
nationalism and democracy. In 1924 he died of liver cancer. He steps down because he
cant centralize.
Chiang Kaishek- General steps up in 1928 (nicknamed Cash my check) and lived the
life of an emperor while people were starving.
May 4th Movement (1919)- Students and adults protest because the Japanese get in
Germanys lost territories. The government is inept in getting rid of foreigners.
Three Gorges Dam- Built by the Chinese government on the Yangsee River because it
had flooding. It increased electricity, but to build it, 2 million peasants had to be moved,
animals, and Buddhist symbols.
1966- Cultural Revolution launched by the Communist Party
Let 100 Flowers Bloom- Encourages people to come forth and criticize Mao
Jiang Zemin- President of China from 1993-2003 (expanded economic zones but did not
make political changes)
Deng Xiaoping- Next leader who walked in the Long March. He led after Mao died in
1976 and set up zones with capitalism in them.

Japan and Korea

Meiji Restoration- The restoration of the Emperor Meiji to power in Japan, overthrowing
the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868.
Feudalism- The dominant social system in which land granted by the Crown to the
nobility was in turn held by vassals.
Shintoism- Shintoism is the religion in which animals are revered.
Kami- A divine being the Shinto religion
Cultural diffusion- Culture is spread from one nation/country to another
Mono culture- The cultivation of a single crop in one area
Bushido Code- The code of honor and morals developed by the Japanese samurai
Daimyo- One of the great lords who were vassals of the shogun
Sino- Japanese War- a war between China and Japan (1894 and 1895) over the control of
the Korean Peninsula
Russo- Japanese War- Japanese victory in the war with Russia (1904-1905) gave Japan
power over Korea and Manchuria.
Amaterasu- The principal deity of the Japanese Shinto religion, the sun goddess and
ancestor of Jimmu, founder of the imperial dynasty.
Uprising of 1637- After taxes were raised, there was an uprising during the Edo Period.
Most of them were Catholic peasants. The Christians were blamed and they closed off
Japan.
Treaty of Kanagawa- A treaty signed in Japan at Kanagawa, now part of Yokohama, on
March 31, 1854, by Japan and the United States to allow U.S. ships into the ports of
Hakodate and Shimoda.
Treaty of Shimoda- (1855) Signed for official relations between Japan and Russia
Zaibatsu- A large Japanese business conglomerate
Xenophobia- Fear of foreigners
Archipelago- Lots of islands surrounded by a large body of water
Matthew Perry- United States admiral who led a naval expedition to Japan and signed a
treaty in 1854 opening up trade relations
Kim Il- Song- President of North Korea 197294 (Precipitated the Korean War)
Kim Jong- Il- Korean politician and head of state of North Korea (since 1994)
Emperor Meiji- The Japanese emperor who established Shinto as the state religion of
Japan
Prince Shotuku- Regent and a politician of the Asuka period in Japan who served under
Empress Suiko
South East Asia
Buddhism- Originated in Nepal by Siddhartha Guatama (500 BCE). He sees four sights:
An ascetic, old person, a sick person, a dying person and a dead body. He is so disturbed
he decides to leave his life. He becomes Bodhi- enlightened one. It is his darma, or duty
to teach and he meditates.
4 Noble Truths: 1. Suffering (dukha) 2. Desire causes suffering 3. The cessation to
suffering 4. Follow to middle path or Eightfold path to enter Bodhi and enter eternal
peace

Nirvana- to escape samsara

Theravada- Used Pali textsOldest form of Buddhism (strict and orthodox)
Mahayana- Believe in meditationappeals to more people because it is for the good of
the community (new version)
Vietcong- Guerilla fighters (branch of NFL)
Vietminh- A member of a Communist-dominated nationalist movement (formed in 1941)
that fought for Vietnamese independence from French rule
Guerilla warfare- Small groups split up and use violent tactics
Vietnamization- Gradual withdrawal and training the Vietnamese to take over the war
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution- President has the right to send troops (1964) USS Maddox
hit by the Gulf of Tonkin in August of 1964
Tet Offense- (1968) Gia launches a surprise guerilla attack on 100 cities
Domino theory- The theory that a political event in one country will cause similar events
in neighboring countries, like a falling domino causing an entire row of upended
dominoes to fall
French in Vietnam- Vietnam attempts to model after Japan (Go East) and modernize to
get the French out; however, they are getting rubber, rice, opium, and salt from Vietnam.
Khmer Rouge- Want model government in Cambodia
Year Zero Plan (Khmer Rouge during 1975-1979) Perfect utopian society (renamed to
Cambuchia)- turned clocks to 0
Pagan- A person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world religions
Srivijaya or Sriwijaya was a powerful ancient Malay empire based on the island of
Sumatra, modern day Indonesia, which influenced much of Southeast Asia
Pol Pot- Cambodian communist leader of the Khmer Rouge; prime minister 197679;
(overthrown in 1979)
Ho Chi Minh (Nguyen Ai Quoc)- President of North Vietnam 1954 to 1969
An San Suu Kyi- Burmese political leader who won the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize for her
work promoting democracy in her country.
Siddhartha Gautama- Confucius
Vo Nguyen Giap- soldier and government official of North Vietnam and later of the
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

Questions
46. A civilization is advanced, modern, has leaders, infrastructure, and religion.
47. Terrorism is the use of violence or threat or violence to get or meet your goal.
Terrorism must be public to work so you can impact the most people.
48. Anwar Sadat was assassinated because he recognized Israel as a state at the Oslo Peace
Accords.
49. The Mau Mau Uprising was a military conflict that took place in Kenya (then called
British East Africa), from 1952 to 1960, between a Kikuyu-dominated anti-colonialgroup called Mau Mau and the British Army-cum-adjuncts.
50. Famine is an extreme lack of food. It is caused by the J-curve. When the population
increases so drastically, food production cant keep up.
51. Revolutionary: Use terrorism because they want a change (KKK, Al Qaeda, Hamas,
and Hezbollah); International: Involves more than one country (Al Qaeda have worked
in Spain, Indonesia, Africa, London, and the U.S.; Air France Flight 139 [1976]); State
Sponsored: A state/country is behind the attack (Libya- 1988 Pan Am Flight 103);
Nuclear terrorism: Use of nuclear weapons (Pakistan); Narco: Using Narcoticsdrugs
(Mexico- 5 Cartels)
52. Their goal is to spread their message and impact people by doing so.
53. Israel has been influenced by terrorism because Egypt has attacked them due to the
creation of their land, which has caused conflicts. The Muslims dont like the Jews.
The Palestinians were already living there, and it is a Holy Land for other religions.
54. Irgun was a Zionist organization founded in 1931. It used violence to help create
Israel, but was disbanded after Israels creation in 1948. Irgun splits into the Stern
Gang (use urban terrorism against British officials).
55. The Doomsday Clock is used to predict when doomsday will have.
56. Nuclear proliferation is the spreading of nukes from two countries that dont have
them. (Example: Pakistan gave them to North Iran and North Korea)
57. A command system is when the government controls the economy and a market
system is when money is used in exchange for goods, services, or resources.

58. Marxism is the start of Communist (Used by Russia, China, Cambodia, Vietnam, and
Laos). It was started by Karl Marx and Angeles and many countries adapt their own
ways to it.
59. Sudan is the largest colony in Africa. They had a civil war since independence. In the
south are the Bantus (African Blacks) and the North group (Arab Africans). Because
of petroleum being found in 2003 in the North, everyone wants the resources and the
North and South went to war. The leader of the North, Bashir (an Arab descent), comes
up with a solution. The Nomads need food so he tells them to attack the South for this
food. The group is called Janjaweed and he trained them to kill them.
60. Tribalism is when one favors their groups and tribes rather than their country as a
whole. This influences Africa because there are many different ethnic groups, and
because of this and colonialism, they are not unified. Sometimes opposing tribes are
under the same territory of superpowers.
61. The Europeans caused imperialism because they wanted more resources, to spread
Christianity, and prove that they were superior to other superpowers: Ethnocentrism,
demands of capitalist economies, and prestige of colonial possessions.
62. South Africa is currently improving after colonialism and apartheid. However, in
Darfur there is a genocide and there are still raids.
63. Neocolonialism allows countries very little economic and political freedom.
64. Animism is the polytheistic traditional religion of Africa. There is power in Animals.
Those who practice it believe that there is one central god who controls all other gods.
If they anger God, they believe they get revenge.
65. Aids is very serious. Many women are dying because of it in Africa.
66. Zimbabwes currency has been disvalued and they are in an economic crisis.
67. British mission: Indigenous people and the British were segregated; French mission:
Racial toleration (those who became like them)
68. In 1994 there was a genocide in Rwanda. In 1973 Habyarima, a Hutu, takes over. In
1994 he died because his plane was shot down. The death was blamed on the Tutsis
but the Hutus may have killed him. This is started a genocide.
69. The slave trade was spearheaded by Portugal in 1482. Prince Henry the Navigator
wanted to be famous for navigating the world. In 1443 the Nuo Trista seizes 29
Africans. Pope Nicolas the 5th says slavery is okay for Non-Christains.
70. Loss of population, social collapse, violence, and racism/prejudice were all effects of
the slave trade.
71. The slave trade declined because of the abolition movement, enlightenment, the
scientific revolution, slave revolts, and the industrial revolution.
72. The African Origins Theory explains that the first hominid was found in Africa.
73. The Berlin Conference was in 1884 and the major Western powers split up Africa.
74. Britain controlled Tanganyika, Rwanda and Burundi were taken by Belgium, North to
Northwest Africa was France, South Africa was taken by Britain, Belgium took the
Congo, Cameroon was split with the majority to Britain and remainder to France,
Nambia had South Africa, And Togo was taken by the French trust territory.
75. San Domingo is now Haiti/ the Dominican Republic. Tuson was a slave who started a
riot there. He threw off the French and British by using guerilla warfare.
76. King Leopold II tried to civilize the Congo.

77. Expropriation of land, exploitation of labor, hut and poll tax, labor conscription,
disruption of the practice caused to Africans and their way of life, cash crops and one
crop economies, prohibition of inter-African trade and communications, immigrant
labor, and lack of industrialization are cons to imperialism in Africa. The pros are:
Introduction of Western medicine, formal education, infrastructure, Islam and
Christianity, and countries were created.
78. Apartheid in South Africa fought for equal rights.
79. Steve Biko led the Black Conscious Movement. There wasnt a lot of success as a
peaceful group so it became more violent.
80. Nelson Mandela and F.W. deKlerk worked peacefully to end apartheid. In 1990 Nelson
Mandelas life ban is released. In 1991 apartheid laws were appealed, and in 1994
there is the 1st free election (Mandela vs. deKlerk). Mandela becomes the first black
president of South Africa.
81. Africa was referred to as the Dark Continent because there was so much land and
things to explore that the world had no prior knowledge of.
82. The plane was flat, which was difficult for boaters. Also, there were lots of waterfalls
and physical features which made exploring difficult.. H.M. Stanley explores, and
finds Lake Victoria is the source of the Nile.
83. Desertification is the process of turning land into dessert.
84. Silk, religion, and resources were traded.
85. Egypt invented papyrus and hieroglyphics.
86. Mali had thriving Timbuktu.
87. Mansa Musa is important because he was a rich king who traveled to see Timbuktu.
88. Ibn Battuta was amazed at Mansa Musas power so he went to go see Timbuktu
disguised as an Arab. However, when he arrived, it was gone.
89. Hinduism is a religion which is a direct link to the past in India. It is widely spoken.
90. The Indus civilization had a sewer system, terrain pipies, advanced, infrastructure,
Harappa, and Mohenjo Daro (3200-1750 BCE).
91. The Vedics or Aryans (11500 BCE-1500 BCE) domesticated the horse and began to
migrate, leading to pillaging.
92. The Mauryan Empire was first to centralize rule. Buddhist embraces ahimsa.
93. The Gupta Empire was the Golden Ages of India with advanced math. They
invented Arabic numerals.
94. The Mughals were Islamic.
95. The Caste System is when you are born into a family occupation.
- Brahmins- priests
- Kshatrya- rulers and warriors
- Vasishyas- peasants
- Shudras- laborers
- Dalits- untouchables- clean toilets and remove bodies
96. The Green Revolution was a revolution over agriculture.
97. The Sepoy Revolution- Mutiny (1857) was caused by political, social, and economic
reasons: The justice system, and the natural resources taken back to Great Britain.
Britain took raw materials, turned them into manufactured goods, and sold them to
Indians at low prices so the competition would go out of business. The Seopys heard a

rumor that gun cartridges were greased with cow and pig fat so they refused to grease
the cartridges. As a result, India becomes a colony of Great Britain.
98. Salt March- Civil disobedience Gandhi led. They reached the sea on April 15th in 1930
after 23 days. It is the anniversary of the Ahm Ritser Massacre.
99. Gandhis goals:
1. Eliminate British rule- Swarai (self-rule)
2. Eliminate poverty
3. Eliminate untouchables- harijan- Caste System
4. Brotherhood- religions
5. Liberate women
100.
In 1919 the Amritsar Massacre was General Dyers response for not obeying the
Rowlatt Act (not allowed to meet). His troops fired into the thick of the crowd and 379
people died.
101.
The positives to British rule were that it brought order to India, however, it was
negative because there was a lack of rights and economic freedom.
102.
Pakistan split from India due to the difference in Muslims and Hindus. Pakistan
wants a secular Muslim country.
103.
Today in India, people are still trying to regroup from differences in political
leaders.
104.
Gandhi was mostly successful in meeting his goals. Due to the partition, religions
were not unified. The Caste System was outlawed in 1955, but untouchables were still
looked upon. However, he did give more rights to women, attempt to improve poverty,
and eliminate British rule.
105.
The disputes in Kashmir and Punjab are over who should own their territory.
106.
The Sikhs believe in natural living, equality for all, and God to be the Universe
itself.
107.
The Indian National Congress is significant in India. They wanted to pick a well
leader after Nehru dies of stress in 1964 so they can control her. They choose Indira
Gandhi because she had tuberculosis.
108.
The monsoon system is a rain and wind storm which affects Indias agriculture.
Many jobs and lifestyles are dependent on the monsoon.
109.
Indira Gandhi faced poverty problems, starvation, population, and ethnic
problems in 1966 as the Prime Minister of India.
110.
China is isolate and has lots of natural barrios. They are ethnocentric toward the
outside world because they are isolated.
111.
Kong Qui is Confucius. He believed in kindness and certain behaviors. It was
around during the Chou Period (403-221 BCE).
112.
Five relationships: Ruler to ruled (ruler has more power), father to son (father),
husband to wide (husband), friend to friend(elder), and brother to brother (elder).
113.
Dynastic cycle: New emperor Drought, floods, population, less money for
public work because of taxes. Rebellion New emperor (starts over)
114.
Mandate of Heaven is the Rule: Order or a dictate to rule from Heaven.
115.
The Opium Wars were caused because of the crime, prostitution, and gambling
that come from it.

116.
In 1901 the Boxer Rebellion was a chance for the Fist of Righteous Harmony to
get back at foreigners by going after churches and Christians. The British did not like
this.
117.
They signed unequal treaties because they wanted to get rid of the west.
118.
(1934-1945) The Long March was Mao and the Communist Partys retreat to
evade Kuomintang.
119.
Mao wanted to rid China of anything that hindered Communism. He got the
Support of Stalin and fought against Chiang Kai Shek.
120.
Communism came into China though Mao and got rid of art, culture, and
Confucianism.
121.
The Taiping Rebellion
122.
The Cultural Revolution was launched by the Communists in 1966 and Mao to
cleanse Chinese society of factors that hinder socialism. (kids werent education,
scholars developed depression, history was destroyed, and colleges closed)
123.
China was ethnocentric so foreigners were not viewed positively.
124.
The May 4th Movement was used to protest the government and ask for more
rights. There were 300,000 with tanks, similar to the Tiananmen Square Massacre.
125.
The Great Leap Forward was used to turn an agrarian society into a modern and
Communist one.
126.
Deng Xiaoping was revolutionary and made radical changes. He set up economic
zones with capitalism and opened up to trade.
127.
The 4 Modernizations were modeled after agriculture, industry, science and
technology, and military.
128.
China shifted towards capitalism because other companies came into China and it
was good for the economy.
129.
The Tiananmen Square Massacre occurred in 1989
130.
Zheng He is a famous Chinese navigator. He maintained diplomacy between
many countries around the Indian ocean.
131.
Confucianism: System of ethics.
Legalism: Punishments and rules are enforced.
Taoism: centers around a belief of balance, or Yin Yang.
They are all Chinese.
The difference is Confucianism is a philosophy, Legalism is a political system and
Taoism is a religion
132.
China insists Taiwan is part of the mainland, but Taiwan says they are
independent.
133.
Nationalism, well-being, and democracy are Sun Yat Sens Three Principles.
134.
Shi Hunagdi was king during the Warring States Period and became the first
emperor of unified China. He undertook lots of big projects, like finishing big sections
of the Great Wall and outlawing/burning books to ensure stability.
135.
The Japanese believe that everything is connected to nature and have spirits.
136.
Japan is surrounded by water, making it difficult for countries to invade.

137.
The Meiji restoration (1867) is the decision for Japan to become modernized.
They centralized after Prussia (Germany). There was no shogun. Emperor Meiji had
power and got land from daimyo.
138.
Modern Japan is thriving. They are successful, innovative, and educated.
139.
Japan has taken architecture and education from China, food, ect.
140.
Japan invaded China because they thought it would be easy to assimilate, had
resources, was large, and proximity. 1894-1895- Sino-Japanese war. Japan wins and
gets Taiwan, Lindong Peninsula, China has to pay, unequal treaties, and forces China
out of Korea. In 1931 they invaded China because they wanted resources and built
mines (iron and coal).
141.
The U.S. and Japan have different trading policies, which causes issues.
142.
Japan is currently economically successful because they put in large amounts of
money (invest), using the latest technology, using mass production, and teamwork.
143.
Japan was occupied by the Allied Powers. They underwent an educational reform
but the occupation led to criminals and rape.
144.
Japan was imperialistic during the 1930s and 1940s because countries want their
resources, culture, ect.
145.
Japan was allowed to govern itself after World War 2.
146.
A feudal system means that society is layered. The peasant farmers at the bottom,
who are ruled by the warrior caste (knights or samurai), who are in turn ruled by local
lords or magistrates, who in turn serve the king/emperor/Shogun in the emperor's
name. The religious group, priests, priestesses, etc. exist off in their own group serving
god, or his representative on earth, which was the king/emperor.
147.
Japan did not like being told what to do but outsiders but explored their culture
during modernization.
148.
Korean War- The war of 195053 between North and South Korea.
149.
The U.S. adopted the policy of containment after the Cold War. General Mac
Arthur believed the Chinese would not intervene in Korea. But they did and the
Korean War was on. The U.S. got involved because they felt it was their duty to stop
Communism.
150.
North Korea and South Korea are in turmoil. North Korea is censored so no one
knows any information, however, through secret footage; we know they are having
trouble.
151.
North Korea is censored. They are experiencing hunger, poverty, or possibly
displacement.
152.
South East Asia is tropical, hot humid, and receives lots of rainfall. The monsoon
is a huge rain and wind storm. Many people depend on this for agricultural income.
153.
Buddhism is a religion that doesnt proclaim to know everything. The Cast
System is rejected and reincarnation is embraced. Peace is a focus.
154.
The Four Noble Truths are:
1. Suffering (dukha)
2. Desire causes suffering
3. The cessation to suffering
4. Follow to middle path or Eightfold path to enter Bodhi and enter eternal peace
155.
Buddhism and Hinduism both believe in wholesome physical activities and
reincarnation. However, Hinduism is specific while there are two different forms of

Buddhism. Also, while there is no founder of Hinduism, Siddhartha Guatama (500

BCE) founded Buddhism.
156.
The Vietnamese were fighting the French until the Battle of Dien Bien Phu
(1954). A monsoon came and it was a turning point because the French decided to get
out.
157.
The U.S. got involved due to the Domino Theory. It was our job to contain
Communism.
158.
When Pol Pot came into power the Khmer Rouge launched a modernization plan
for a utopia at launched the Year Zero Plan.
159.
Guerilla warfare was modern fighting tactics which promoted violence. The
Americans were not ready for this and wore the wrong type of equipment.
160.
Vietnamization is the gradual withdrawal by training the South Vietnamese to take
over the war.
161.
Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Animism, and Christianity are religions in various
South East Asian countries.
162.
Ho Chi Minh created and led the Viet Minh. He mainly believed in nationalism
and communism. He wanted to end capitalist exploitation, create a new revolution, and
he envisioned a utopia Vietnam.
163.
Aung San Suu Kyi is a peaceful leader who tried to bring democracy to Myanmar.
She wins the leader of parliamentary in 1990 but the junta refuses to step down.
164.
Under Pol Pot, massive amounts of people were evaded and starved, became
displaced, and Cambodias conditions worsened.
165.
An offensive by Vietcong and North Vietnamese forces against South Vietnamese
and U.S. positions in South Vietnam, beginning on Jan. 31, 1968, the start of Tet.
166.
Iman (Professing Faith), Salah (Prayer- 5 times a day), Zakah (Give money to the
poor), Sawm (Fasting), Haj (Pilgrimage)
167.
OPEC is important to the U.S. because we need gas, plastic, and wax.
168.
Algeria, Ecuador, Venezuela, Gabon, Indonesia, Iroan, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,
Nigeria, United Arab Emirates, Quatar, and Saudi Arabia are all members of OPEC>
169.
OPEC was formed to make money.
170.
The U.S. complies with Saudi Arabia because they have oil.
171.
The Yom Kippur War occurs in 1973 and the Arabs surprise attack OPEC
embargoes.
172.
Yasser Arafat was a terrorist who was part of the PLO.
173.
The Balfour Declaration shows that the British support Zionism; the movement
for a Jewish homeland.
174.
6 Day War of 1967- Nasser cut off the Gulf of Agaba to Israeli ships. As a result,
Egypt is forced to acknowledge Israel as a state.
175.
Egypt and Syria wanted their land from 1967 back so they surprise attacked Israel
(1972 Yom Kippur War). As a result, Egypt moves away from the Soviets and to the
U.S.
176.
There were refugees in Lebanon and the PLO moved its headquarters there for the
1982 War. The PLO attacks Israel and Israel invades it is very tribal.
177.
At the 1972 Olympics, an Israeli wrestling team was taken hostage by an offshoot
of the PLO.

178.

Israel was created to protect the Jews and shouldnt have been created because the
land was taken away from Palestine.
179.
The Zionist movement was precipitated by the Dreyfus Affair and violence with
Jews.
180.
Zionism caused the Arab Israeli conflict.
181.
There are many different ethnic groups, so Afghans are tribalistic and not unified.
182.
Afghanistan is diverse. It is landlocked and mountainous. It is in the middle of the
empires so it is a crossroads between the East and the West.
183.
Great Britain and Russia are fighting for Afghanistan in the Great Game.
184.
The U.s. is scared of Communism and boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow.
185.
The Taliban outlawed dancing, parties, drug use, sports, chess, music, anything
with Christianity, and kit flying.
186.
The U.S. invaded Afghanistan in 2001. They requested they close training camps
and turn in bin Laden. Afghanistan said they would turn him over to Islamic court. 7
days later, the U.S. invades.
187.
The Young Turks ran the country and Ataturk modernized Turkey.
188.
Mohammed Ali wanted to modernize, socialize crop distribution, advance, and
industrialize (runs out of money).
189.
The U.S. supports Iran because they have petroleum.
190.
Iran faced lots of pressure from Russia prior to 1979.
191.
Iraq invaded Kuwait to gain control of its oil wealth. The U.S. assembled an
army and forced Iraq out, causing the first Gulf War.
192.
The U.S. wanted to find out if Iraq had nuclear weapons in the second Gulf War.
193.
The Kurds were killed with mustard gas (about 5,000) under Saddams leadership.
194.
Saddam Hussein helped children receive education, organized government, and
had infrastructure.
195.
Saddam Hussein was a dictator and a tyrant.
196.
Iraq wanted the unstable Iranian government to fall and Hussein wanted to
dominate. Radical Islam was threatened to spread from Iran to Iraq. Territory and oil
were also an issue in the Iran/Iraq War. Many deaths and a slow process of rebuilding
were the effects.
197.
Israel, the PLO, and the Marrionites were involved in the Lebanon civil war.
198.
The U.S. tried to help Lebanons civil war, but left when their embassy was
bombed.
199.
The bombing of the embassy and invasions convinced the U.S. to leave Lebanon.
200.
France was not happy Lebanon became independent.
201.
The Ayatollah criticized Shah Pahlavi for his modern ways and pro-Western
feelings.
202.
Reza Khan- (Shah 1921) Secular, railroads, modern
203.
Mahmoud Ahmadinijad- President of Iran
204.
The U.S. is involved in Iran and only allowed their approved leaders to rule
(modern and pro-Western) so they were taken hostage in 1979.
205.
Great Britain controlled Palestine, Iraq, Egypt, and Trans Jordan. France
controlled Algeria and Northern Africa countries.
206.
The Mandate system was used to establish order, lower crime rate, build
infrastructure, and protect religious and civil rights.

207.

The Muslim Brotherhood and the Baath Party were groups which developed
nationalism.
208.
Intifada- Uprising in 1987 because the Palestinians were frustrated all government
documents were in Hebrew.
209.
The Soviets come into Afghanistan, thinking that because they helped, they can
invade.
210.
Suez Canal Crisis occurred in 1956 and the canal was closed off. Egypt was upset.
The canal was vital for trade.
211.The Taliban came into power in 1996. They are going back to the days of
Muhammad.
212.
The Northern Alliance fought the Taliban off.
213.
At the Oslo Accords, self-determination was discussed.
214.
At the Camp David Accords Israel was recognized as a state by Egypt.
215.
Muhammed founded Islam and he was told my Gabriel that he was last in lne.
216.
Fundamentalism is strict ways which used punishment.
217.
The Phoenicians were seafarers.
218.
The Assyrians were warriors who had weapons and battle tactics.
219.
The Egyptians developed hieroglyphics and papyrus.
220.
Britain imperialized Egypt and set up strict rules (see imperialism note cards).
221.
The mujahedeen are guerilla fighters and money from Texas was funneled to
them.