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Initial Environmental Examination

August 2012

PAK: Punjab Irrigated Agriculture Investment


Program, Tranche 3 Pakpattan Canal and
Suleimanki Barrage Improvement Project

Prepared by Punjab Irrigation Department, Government of Pakistan for the Asian Development
Bank.

Initial Environmental Examination

PAKPATTAN CANAL

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE) REPORT

July 2012

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

PUNJAB IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE INVESTMENT PROGRAM


INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION
Pakpattan Canal
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1-1


1.1
GENERAL ............................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2
PROJECT DETAILS............................................................................................. 1-1
1.3
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................... 1-1
1.4
PROJECT OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................... 1-2
1.5
PROJECT LOCATION ......................................................................................... 1-2
1.6
PROJECT CATEGORIZATION ............................................................................ 1-3
1.7
OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT ......................................................................... 1-5
1.8
STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ......................................................................... 1-5
1.9
METHDOLOGY OF PERFORMING THE STUDY ................................................ 1-5
1.10
AREA OF RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................................ 1-6
2. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK POLICY ......................................... 2-1
2.1
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN PAKISTAN ................................................ 2-1
2.2
NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY .......................................................... 2-1
2.3
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT POLICY .................................................................. 2-1
2.4
GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ...................................... 2-2
2.4.1 Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports, Pakistan
Environmental Protection Agency, 1997 ..................................................................... 2-2
2.4.2 Guidelines of Public Consultation, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency,
May, 1997 ................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.5
ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES................ 2-2
2.5.1 Provincial EPA ............................................................................................... 2-2
2.5.2 Provincial Departments of Forestry and Wildlife ............................................. 2-2
2.5.3 Local Government and Municipalities ............................................................. 2-2
2.5.4 Social & Environmental Management Unit (SEMU) ........................................ 2-3
2.5.5 Environment-Related Statutes........................................................................ 2-3
2.6
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GUIDELINES...................................................... 2-4
2.7
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS) 2000 ............... 2-5
2.8
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ...................................................................... 2-7
3. THE PROJECT .......................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1
GENERAL ............................................................................................................ 3-1
3.2
CULTIVATED COMMAND AREA (CCA) .............................................................. 3-1
3.3
PAKPATTAN MAIN CANAL ................................................................................. 3-1
3.4
NEED OF THE PROJECT.................................................................................... 3-2
3.5
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ............................................................................. 3-2
3.5.1 Proposal for Rehabilitation & Up-grading Works............................................. 3-2
3.6
WORK BASE AREA ............................................................................................. 3-6
3.7
BORROW AREA .................................................................................................. 3-6
MATERIAL REQUIREMENT / SOURCE .............................................................. 3-6
3.8
4. ENVIORNMENTAL BASE LINE CONDITION ............................................................ 4-1
4.1
GENERAL ............................................................................................................ 4-1
4.2
PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE (AOI) ............................................................. 4-1
4.3
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................ 4-3
4.3.1 Physiography and Soil.................................................................................... 4-3
4.3.2 Soil Types ...................................................................................................... 4-4

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4.3.3 Surface Salinity .............................................................................................. 4-4


4.3.4 Seismicity Data .............................................................................................. 4-5
4.4
HYDROLOGY ...................................................................................................... 4-6
4.4.1 Surface Water ................................................................................................ 4-6
4.4.2 Flood Record ................................................................................................. 4-8
4.4.3 Groundwater ................................................................................................ 4-10
4.5
BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................... 4-14
4.5.1 Flora............................................................................................................. 4-14
4.5.2 Fauna ........................................................................................................... 4-15
4.6
SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITION ...................................................................... 4-19
4.7
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................... 4-21
4.8
GENDER ISSUES AND ANALYSIS ................................................................... 4-31
5. STUDY OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES.................................................................... 5-1
5.1
NO PROJECT OPTION (WORST CASE SCENARIO OPTION)........................... 5-1
5.2
CONSTRUCTING NEW CANAL .......................................................................... 5-2
5.3
REHABILITATION OF EXISTING CANAL SYSTEM (SELECTED OPTION FOR
DETAIL DESIGN) ........................................................................................................... 5-2
5.4
CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................... 5-2
6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ......................................................................................... 6-1
6.1
GENERAL ............................................................................................................ 6-1
6.2
CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY .................................................................... 6-1
6.2.1 Stakeholder Identification ............................................................................... 6-1
6.2.2 Consultation Process and Technology ........................................................... 6-2
6.3
OBJECTIVES ACHIEVED WITH THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION ....................... 6-4
6.4
CONSULTATION AND DISCUSSION DURING IMPLEMENTATION................... 6-2
6.4.1 Public Hearing ................................................................................................ 6-2
6.5
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ...................................................................... 6-4
6.5.1 Management Responsibilities......................................................................... 6-4
6.6
SOCIAL COMPLAINTS REGISTER ..................................................................... 6-7
7. IMPACT ASSESSMENT, MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES ............ 7-8
7.1
POTENTIAL IMPACT SOURCES ........................................................................ 7-8
7.2
IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING DESIGN PHASE .............. 7-11
7.2.1 Weed in Canal Water ................................................................................... 7-11
7.2.2 Damage to Canal Banks .............................................................................. 7-11
7.3
IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...712
7.3.1 Physical Environment ................................................................................... 7-12
7.4
BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................... 7-21
7.4.1 Damage to Biological Resources and Disturbance of Wildlife....................... 7-21
7.5
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS .......................................................................... 7-22
7.5.1 Impacts of Land Acquisition.......................................................................... 7-22
7.5.2 Impacts on Local Population due to Migrating Labour from other Parts of the
Country 7-23
7.5.3 HIV/AIDS and other Communicable Diseases .............................................. 7-23
7.5.4 Existing Services & Employment (Positive Social Impacts) .......................... 7-24
7.6
OPERATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT (O&M) PHASE ....................................... 7-24
8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................... 8-1
8.1
MITIGATION PLAN .............................................................................................. 8-1
8.2
MITIGATION OF ADVERSE IMPACTS AT DESIGN PHASE ............................... 8-1
8.3
MITIGATION OF ADVERSE IMPACT AT CONSTRUCTION PHASE .................. 8-2
8.4
MONITORING PLAN............................................................................................ 8-2
8.5
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ...................................................................... 8-3
8.5.1 Management Responsibilities......................................................................... 8-3
8.6
COMMUNICATION AND DOCUMENTATION ...................................................... 8-7
8.6.1 Data Recording and Maintenance .................................................................. 8-7

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8.6.2 Storage of Information .................................................................................... 8-8


8.6.3 Meetings ........................................................................................................ 8-8
8.6.4 Reports .......................................................................................................... 8-8
8.6.5 Photographic Record of the Project Area ..................................................... 8-10
8.6.6 Record Register ........................................................................................... 8-10
8.7
WASTE DISPOSAL PLAN ................................................................................. 8-11
8.7.1 Domestic Waste ........................................................................................... 8-11
8.8
Construction Waste ............................................................................................ 8-11
8.9
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN ....................................................................... 8-13
8.10
Closure of Roads ............................................................................................ 8-13
8.11
Strengthening Embankments Works ............................................................... 8-14
8.12
Diversion Channels ......................................................................................... 8-14
8.13
OUTLINE OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND CONTINGENCY PLAN ........ 8-14
8.14
HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT (HSE) PLAN ...................................... 8-15
8.15
TREE PLANTATION PLAN............................................................................. 8-16
8.16
BORROW AREAS RESTORATION PLAN ..................................................... 8-18
8.17
LAND ACQUISITION PROCEDURE .............................................................. 8-18
8.18
RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN........................................................................... 8-18
8.19
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COST .................................................... 8-20

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1:

Effluent Discharge Standards Applicable to the Works

Table 2.2:

Gaseous Emission Levels

Table 2.3:

Noise Emission Levels

Table 3.1:

Source of Raw Material

Table 4.1:

Percentage Surface Salinity Statistics

Table 4.2:

Water Quality Parameters (WAPDA STANDARD)

Table 4.3:

Peak Discharge of Prominent Years in River Sutlej at Suleimanki Barrage

Table 4.4:

Shallow Groundwater Quality

Table 4.5:

Respondents Family Members

Table 4.6:

Respondents Age Group

Table 4.7:

Housing Characteristic of the Respondent

Table 4.8:

Access to Education Facilities

Table 4.9:

Social Amenities

Table 4.10:

Profession/Business

Table 4.11:

Household Income

Table 4.12 Household Expenditures


Table 4.13

Average Land Holding Size of the Family

Table 4.14

Cultivator Status

Table 4.15

Respondents age group

Table 4.16

Respondents language

Table 4.17

Marital Status

Table 4.18

Respondents Educational Level

Table 4.19

Source of Water for Domestic Use

Table 6.1

List of Officials Contacted

Table 6.2

Grievance Resolution Process

Table 7.1

Evaluation of Environmental & Social Impacts

Table 8.1

Environment & Management Cost

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1:

Pakpattan Canal Command Area Location Map

Figure 4.1:

Overall Environmental Study Area Map

Figure 4.2:

Physiography of Canal Command Area

Figure 4.3:

Seismic Zones of Pakistan

Figure 4.4:

Flood Inundated Area near the Canal Head Regulator

Figure 6.1:

Cities and Towns along the Pakpattan Canal

LIST OF PLATES
Plate 4.1:

Existing Livestock Pond along the Canal

Plate 4.2:

Livestock Damage the Canal Banks

Plate 4.3:

Occasional Finding of Fruit Trees (above is Mango Tree)

Plate 4.4:

Fishing Contractor Catching Fish in Upper Pakpattan Canal

Plate 4.5:

Meeting with the Officials of NGO in Vehari

Plate 4.6:

A View of meeting with the cotton pickers

Plate 5.1:

Public Consultation along Khadir Branch (near town Sahka)

Plate 5.2:

Stakeholder Consultation at Water Management Office, Vehari

Plate 6.1:

Public Consultation along Khadir Baranch (near town Sahka)

Plate 6.2:

Stakeholder Consultation at Water Management Office Vehari

LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 4.1:

Environmental Test Results

Appendix 7.1:

ABDs Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

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ABBREVIATION
ADB

Asian Development Bank

AOI

Area of Influence

BOD

Biological Oxygen Demand

CCA

Cultivable Command Area

CMS

Conservation of Migratory Species

COD

Chemical Oxygen Demand

COSHH

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health

EC

Electrical Conductivity

EMMP

Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan

EMP

Environmental Management Plan

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency

EPAs

Environmental Protection Agencies

EIA

Environmental Impact Assessment

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization

GCA

Gross Cultivated Area

GRC

Grievance Redress Committee

IEE

Initial Environmental Examination

IWT

Indus Water Treaty

M&E

Monitoring and Evaluation

NCS

National Conservation Strategy

NEQS

National Environmental Quality Standards

NOC

No-Objection Certificate

O&M

Operation and Maintenance

PCIP

Pakpattan Canal Improvement Project

PEPA

Pakistan Environmental Protection Act

PEPC

Pakistan Environmental Protections Council

PHS

Public Health and Safety

PID

Punjab Irrigation Department

PMO

Project Management Office

PMU

Project Management Unit

PPE

Personal Protective Equipment

RSC

Residual Sodium Carbonate

SAR

Sodium Adsorption Ratio

SCARP

Salinity Control and Reclamation Project

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SEMU

Social & Environmental Management Unit

SFA

Social Frame Work Agreement

SMO

SCARPS Monitoring Organization

SOP

Survey of Pakistan

SSOP

Soil Survey of Pakistan

TDS

Total Dissolved Solids

US-EPA

United States Environmental Protection Agency

WAPDA

Water and Power Development Authority

WHO

World Health Organization

WWF

Worldwide Fund for Nature

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
For Pakpattan Canal Improvement Project (PCIP) an Environmental Assessment (EA)
Report has been prepared to ensure the following objectives:
ADBs Environment Safeguards Policy Statement
The applicable environmental administrative and legal frame work on the project
Environmental & social base line data of the project area of influence (AOI)
Assessment of potential environmental impacts and determining mitigation measures
of expected adverse impacts
A basic Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Framework (inclusive of all major
environmental aspects and risk based assessment plan) has been developed and the
envisaged EMP implementation cost estimated. The EMP will be revised, upgraded and
further details will be provided for each construction contract of the canal rehabilitation and
upgrading work.
The base line data was developed and analyzed to identify potential environmental impacts
of the project. An Environmental Assessment Checklist methodology was adopted to identify
the high risk activities and suggest their mitigation measures. Where possible, eliminating
the risk by altering the scope or method of execution of work was preferred rather than
minimizing the risk with control measures.
Legal and Administration Framework Policy
Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 is the primary legislation which applies to
environmental assessment studies in Pakistan. Under section 12 of the Act, a project
falling under any category specified in Schedule II (SRO 339(1)/2000) requires the
proponent to file an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) with the concerned
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which in case of Pakpattan Canal is EPA
Punjab.
Pakpattan canal passes through mainly agricultural lands and does not pass through any
environmentally sensitive area along the canal in respect of the sensitive habitat, wildlife or
cultural heritage. The nature and scope of the construction works and the environmental
setting of the Project are such that no permanent adverse environmental impacts are
anticipated. According to ADB Environment Policy the project is categorized as category B
project. However, because the canal system serves more than 15,000 ha, the EIA (As per
section 12 of PEPA 1997) is mandatory for this project. All project activities should be compliant
with NEQS and should establish monitoring and evaluation systems.
Description of Project
The project envisages mainly the raising and strengthening of banks, rehabilitation of
bridges and other hydraulic structures along the canal. This project is not a construction of
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new canal but a rehabilitation work leading to rehabilitation of Pakpattan Canal ultimately
leading to optional and judicious water supply to agricultural fields.
Description of the Environment
Baseline Conditions of the area of influence (AOI) have been established considering the
current and proposed development activities as well as the direct and indirect activities
connected with the AOI. The information utilized for the IEE

was collected by using GIS

technology, collection of primary data (air, water and soil), stakeholder consultation including
Wildlife, Fishery, Forestry Departments, field visits carried out by the environment team and
review of environmental data of previous projects carried out in the area.
A strip of Punjab Irrigation Department (PID) land is available along both banks of the canal
which would be utilized for Contractors facilities (contractor camp, plant & equipment yard,
work base area etc). The ambient air quality was analyzed and is found to be reasonably
clean and no obvious source of the air pollution is identified during site visits. The climate of
the area is arid characterized by long hot summers and short mild winters.
Most of the canal banks length is planted with trees. Kiker (Acacia Nilotica) and Shesham
(Dalbergia Sissoo) are the main species of trees found along the canal. The canal command
area is famous for producing valuable crops (wheat, cotton etc) and fruits (mango, guava,
water melon etc).
The species of birds found in the area include pigeon, dove, egret, quail etc. Common wild
mammals of the area include jungle cat, mongoose, jackal, porcupine etc. some species of
reptiles and amphibians are found in the area e.g. snakes, variety of lizards, frogs, and
toads,
The Socio Economic Survey was conducted with the objectives to assess prevailing socioeconomic conditions of the related communities and to predict the effects of the proposed
different alternatives of rehabilitation works. The canal command area falls into four districts;
Okara, Pakpattan, Vehari and Lodhran. Approximately 80 % of Canal command area falls
into two districts; Pakpattan and Vehari. Total of 400 respondents i.e., 200 males for socioeconomic survey and 200 females for gender development study, were selected from
different project villages. The secondary data was collected from available documents i.e.
District Population Census Report 1998 of four districts of the project and maps related to
project area prepared by various Organizations / Departments. The occupational /
professional status of the respondents of the project area has been classified mainly into two
groups such as agricultural household and non-agricultural household. The members of non
farm community were generally doing labour work, shop keeping, government / private
employee, livestock, rearing business enterprises and receiving some remittances from
abroad.

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The population of project area is totally based on rural setup. Average farm size in the canal
command is 2.7 ha (6.8 acres). The villages are formed of permanent settlements.
Habitation was classified according to the type of structure into three categories, i.e. Pacca
(concrete or brick structure), Kacha (Mud houses) Semi Pacca (mixed structure). A
significant majority of project households have electricity at their homes and only 2 percent
community has landline telephone facility. Use of mobile phones has greatly increased as a
way of communication. None of respondents was enjoying the facilities of Sui Gas and
drainage system in project area. Hand pumps are the major source of water in villages and
farmhouses, while the water supply systems are provided in cities.
The average literacy ratio in the project area analyzed from survey findings was 54% and the
literacy rate among the male members was higher (59 percent) than the females (41
percent) of the study area.
The PCIP will (i) ensure that the water supply to the distribution system in the entire canal
command area is secure; and the project will result in an 8.6% increase in farm income as a
result of the proposed intervention. A total of about 189,503 farm families or almost 2 million
people will benefit from the PCIP.
Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Most of the adverse environmental and social impacts of the Project will be associated with
the construction phase. Except for temporary resettlement during construction no permanent
resettlement is needed. Other impacts associated with the construction phase will be
temporary, reversible, phased over a period of time, localized and manageable.
Most of the length of canal bank (path along the canal) and access roads in the project area
are unpaved and may cause dust pollution during traffic movement. Air quality shall be
controlled by regular spraying of water on unpaved paths. All vehicles, machinery,
equipment and generators used during construction activities will be kept in good working
condition to minimize the exhaust emissions. Cutting & burning trees and shrubs as a fuel
shall be prohibited and clean source of energy would be provided at the contractors camp
e.g. gas cylinders etc. Noise, air quality and water sources shall be monitored periodically,
as specified in IEE report. All the work activities should be restricted within the allowed
working hours.
No designated environmentally protected or archaeological site falls within the direct project
area of influence or along the canal banks. The Project will not have any significant impact
on fish, fishermen communities, wildlife and wildlife habitat. However, monitoring measures
have been recommended to ensure that any unforeseen impacts can be identified,
compared with baseline and mitigated during the implementation stage. All forest, wildlife
and fisheries laws should be fully respected and abided by the contractor and his work force.
No fire arms should be carried out by the contractors work force.Tree cutting may require
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the construction of diversion channels or escape channels. Every tree cut on site for the
execution of work shall be replaced with plantation of minimum five new trees. The new
plantation would be protected during the contract implementation from animals and daily
routine activities. Public parks will be developed along the canal at suitable locations (away
from existing settlements, if any). This will raise the aesthetic value of the area and provide a
picnic spot to the local community.

During construction, the Contactors work force is expected to be largely available from the
local population, which will enhance the economic opportunities for the locals of working age
group. Socio-economic conditions of the project area will generally have positive impact due
to the project implementation entailing availability of jobs during construction phase.
The Project will also improve some of the social infrastructure as part of the repair and
rehabilitation of the irrigation structures and will reduce the exposure of local communities to
flooding events and the associated social and economic damages. The livelihoods of
farming communities will also improve through increased and equitable canal water
availability and improved agricultural productivity through improved agricultural practices and
road crossings. The representation of women and other vulnerable groups will be ensured in
the Project benefits.
The noticeable adverse impact of the Project will be temporary resettlement of affected
communities and relocation of some of the cultural sties that lie within the canal right of way
(ROW). Detailed resettlement action plans to mitigate these impacts will be prepared and
implemented before commencing the work on site. Resettlement Framework and
representative Resettlement Action Plans have been prepared as part of the feasibility study.
It is very important to protect the water sources during the construction phase from
accidental spills of diesel or any chemical, as any spill could percolate to the groundwater
through the sandy stratum at site. All the solid waste and wastewater generated from the
project activities and contractor camp are to be disposed of according to the waste disposal
plan, which would be a component of the EMP. If the groundwater is to be used for the water
supply in the contractors camp then it would be required to abstract water from sufficient
depth and confirm that it meets the WHO standards.
The EMP will also ensure reporting of all non-conformances and their rectification within a
specified period of time
The proposed project will bring about net-positive benefits in terms of improved water
resource management through assured water availability from the Pakpattan Main Canal
and will increase agricultural production from the project area.

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Continuous environmental monitoring will be carried out for the entire construction phase, to
ensure due diligence of environmental performance.
Conclusion
It is anticipated that all environmental and social issues involved during the construction and
operational phase of the project are manageable, therefore it is concluded that the project is
environmentally friendly, financially viable, economically sustainable, generally neutral and
pro-poverty alleviation.

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INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL
The province of Punjab is only one fourth of the total area of Pakistan, yet its fertile land
yields are more than 50% of the total national agricultural produce. One of the reasons for
such high agricultural production is the efficient use of water resources through Punjabs
irrigation network. The Punjab irrigation network comprises 24 canals fed by 14
barrages/headworks and 9 major inter-river link canals, irrigating more than 21 million acres
of land. Pakpattan Canal off takes from Sutlej River at Suleimanki Barrage. There are two
barrages on Sutlej River; Suleimanki and Islam Barrage. Suleimanki is the first barrage on
Sutlej after it enters into Pakistan.
Asian Development Bank (ADB) is providing assistance to improve the management of
Punjab Water Resources and increase the agricultural productivity of the province under the
Punjab Irrigation Agriculture Investment Program (PIAIP).
1.2 PROJECT DETAILS
Punjab Irrigation Department (PID) is the executing agency of the Punjab Irrigated
Agriculture Investment Program (PIAIP). Pakpattan Canal Rehabilitation & Up-grading
(R&U) will be carried out under PIAIP. The consultancy of the project including feasibility and
detailed design work was awarded to a joint venture of NESPAK, AAB and DMC in April
2009.
This report comprises the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study of the R&U of
Pakpattan Canal System. The IEE study takes into account the natural environment (air,
water, land, flora & fauna), human health and safety. This study evaluates the projects
potential environmental risks and impacts in its areas of influence and outlines planning,
designing and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating or compensating for
adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts throughout project
implementation.
The Social Assessment (SA) has been conducted to evaluate the projects potential positive
and adverse effects on the affected people and to examine project alternatives where
adverse effects may be significant. The breadth, depth and type of analysis in the social
assessment are proportional to the nature of the project and scale of its potential effects,
positive or adverse, on the affected people.
1.3 BACKGROUND
Pakpattan Canal and distribution network was completed in June 1926. The canals design
discharge is 6,594 cusecs at head regulator built on the right flank of Sulemanki Barrage.
Pakpattan Canal irrigates land in the districts of Okara, Pakpattan, Vehari, and Lohdran on

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the right side of the river Sutlej. The main Pakpattan Canal is perennial and ceases to
operate for annual maintaining requirement during December/January. The total gross
command area is about 1.4 million acres.
In 1960, under the Indus Water Treaty, India was given the rights of the eastern rivers water,
including Ravi, Sutlej and Beas. Consequently upon the construction of Bhakra/Nangal Dam
on river Sutlej and Pandoh & Pong Dam on Beas, discharge in Sutlej was reduced
significantly. This entailed a significant work for conveying water from western rivers through
link canals to overcome the shortfall in the eastern rivers. Balloki-Suleimanki Link canal (B.S
Link) brings about 25,000 cusecs from Balloki barrage to feed the canals off taking from the
Suleimanki Barrage.
With the construction of Sidhni Mailsi Bahawal Link (SMB Link) canal Pakpattan main canal
was split into two parts i.e. Pakpattan Canal Upper (PC (U)) from RD 0-567 and Pakpattan
Canal Lower (PC (L)) from RD 568 to 667. Due to bifurcation, PC (L) now draws its supplies
from SMB Link with a new head regulator at RD 195+171/R of SMB Link.
1.4 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The system at present is facing many maintenance problems like deteriorated condition of
80 years old structures with upstream and downstream erosion, bermless reaches with
eroded banks and reduced free board. The system cannot take its authorized discharge
safely and is being run by adopting a rotational program.
The project aims to upgrade water resources and irrigation infrastructure of Pakpattan Canal
System and address the following main problems in this project:
The decks of most of the road bridges on the canal have deteriorated and are risky for
present traffic requirements.
Repair of regulation machinery and other hydraulic structure for smooth operation of
the canals.
Raising & strengthening of banks.
Improve the efficiency of canal system ensuring fulfillment of water requirement at the
tail end area.
1.5 PROJECT LOCATION
Pakpattan canal off takes from river Sutlej at right side of Suleimanki Headworks. Its
command area lies between 29o51 to 30o27 latitudes north and 72o12 to 73o38 longitudes
east. The canal command area is bounded by river Sutlej in the south-east, boundary of
Lower Bari Doab Canal in the north and river Chenab in the west. Approximately one million
acres of the canal command area falls in south-eastern part of Punjab Province as shown in
Figure 1.1.

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1.6 PROJECT CATEGORIZATION


According to ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 and Environment Policy 2002
guidelines, projects are to be categorized into three environmental categories; A, B, or C. All
the anticipated adverse environmental impacts of the project are mitigable, temporary,
nature and localized. Also there is no environmentally sensitive or archeological site falling
within project area of influence; therefore the project is classified as Category B. This report
comprises the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of the proposed project to fulfill the
requirements according to ADBs, Safeguard Policy Statement 2009.

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Figure 1.1: Pakpattan Canal Command Area Location Map

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1.7 OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT


The main objectives of the report are as follows:
The application of environmental administrative and legal frame work on the project
Develop Environmental Baseline Data for the project Area of Influence (AOI), derive
land use and environmental maps.
Assessment of potential environmental Impacts and development of mitigation
measures to cater for adverse impacts.
Preparation of framework of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and envisaged
EMP implementation cost for this project.
1.8 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
This report is divided into following chapters:
Chapter 1

Introduction

Chapter 2

Legal and Administrative Framework Policy

Chapter 3

The Project

Chapter 4

Environmental Baseline Conditions

Chapter 5

Study of Project Alternatives

Chapter 6

Public Consultation

Chapter 7

Impact Assessment, Mitigation and Enhancement Measures

Chapter 8

Environmental Management Plan

Appendices
1.9 METHDOLOGY OF PERFORMING THE STUDY
The environmental and social data were collected and analyzed for the overall
environmental study area. Data was collected during site visits and stakeholder consultation
works. The concerned departments and institutions consulted are Wildlife, Forestry &
Fishery Department, Water Management Office, Irrigation, SMO, SEMU and Land
Reclamation Directorate of PID etc.
The base line data was developed and analyzed to identify potential environmental impacts
of the Project. A risk based methodology was adopted to identify the high risk activities and
suggest their mitigation measures. Where possible, eliminating the risk by altering the scope
or method of execution of work was preferred rather than minimizing the risk with control
measures. Public consultations were also undertaken including a gender study to take into
account the public point of view about the project.

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1.10 AREA OF RESPONSIBILITIES


The following experts were involved for the preparation of this Initial Environmental
Examination Report:
Project Manager

Tariq Altaf

Deputy Team Leader (Canals)

Ehsan Ullah Sardar

Sub-Team Leader

Mukhtar Ahmad

Environmental Specialist

Ahsan Bela

Rural Sociologist

Abdul Hameed

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LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK POLICY

This chapter provides an overview of the policy framework and national legislation that
applies to the proposed Project. The Project is expected to comply with all national
legislations and Asian Bank Guidelines relating to environmental and social issues, and all
the required regulatory clearances will be obtained.
The environmental study includes primarily Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997
(PEPA 1997), Pakistan IEE and EIA review regulations (2000) and Asian Development Bank
SPS. All other laws and guidelines relevant to the project have also been reviewed.
Synopses of relevant laws and guidelines are provided in this chapter.
2.1 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN PAKISTAN
Under section 12 (with subsequent amendment) of the 1997 Act, a project falling under any
category specified in Schedule I (SRO 339(1)/2000), requires the proponent to file an IEE with
concerned federal agency (Pak-EPA). Projects falling under any category specified in schedule
II require the proponent to file an EIA with the federal agency. Within ten working days of the
lodging of IEE or EIA, the federal agency will confirm that the document submitted is complete
for the purpose of review.
2.2 NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY
The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS) was approved by federal cabinet in March
1992 and is the principal policy document on environmental issues in the country. The NCS
outlines the countrys primary approaches towards encouraging sustainable development,
conserving natural resources and managing resources. The NCS has 68 specific programs in
14 core areas in which policy intervention is considered crucial for the preservation of
Pakistans natural and physical environment. The core areas that are relevant in the context of
the proposed Project are pollution prevention and abatement, conserving biodiversity and
preservation of cultural heritage.
2.3 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT POLICY
The National Environmental Policy provides an overarching framework for addressing the
environmental issues facing Pakistan, particularly pollution of fresh water bodies and coastal
waters, air pollution, lack of proper waste management, deforestation, loss of biodiversity,
desertification, natural disasters and climate change. It also gives directions for addressing the
cross sectoral issues elaborating the underlying causes of environmental degradation and
international obligations. The policy provides broad guidelines to the Federal Government,
Provincial Government, Federally Administrated Territories and Local Government for
addressing environmental concerns and ensuring effective management of their environmental
resources.

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2.4 GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT


The Pak-EPA has published set of environmental guideline for conducting environmental
assessment and the environmental management of different types of development projects.
The guidelines relevant to the proposed Project are listed below.
2.4.1

Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports, Pakistan


Environmental Protection Agency, 1997

The guidelines, targeted at project proponents, specify:


The nature of the information to be included in environmental reports
The minimum qualification of the IEE/EIA conductors appointed
The need to incorporate suitable mitigation measures during project implementation
The need to specify monitoring procedures
The report must contain baseline data relating to the project area, an interpretation of the data
and mitigation measures.
2.4.2

Guidelines of Public Consultation, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency,


May, 1997

These guidelines deal with possible approaches to public consultation and techniques for
designing an effective program of consultation that reaches out to all major stakeholders and
ensure that their concerns are incorporated in any impact assessment study.
2.5

ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES

2.5.1 Provincial EPA


The Punjab Irrigation Department (PID) will be responsible for providing the complete
environmental documentation required by the provincial EPA and remain committed to the
approved project design. No deviation is permitted during project implementation without the
prior and explicit permission of the EPA.
2.5.2 Provincial Departments of Forestry and Wildlife
The rehabilitation works are expected to involve some clearing of vegetation that exists on
government land where labour camp and batching plants are to be installed. Widening and
strengthening of the embankments may also involve some uprooting of trees. All the trees
along the canal belong to Forest department. Plantation at the irrigation rest houses and at the
barrages belongs to irrigation department. Wildlife department nominates any sensitive wildlife
area as game reserve or highly sensitive area as wildlife sanctuary. A competent person should
manage the work activities in wildlife sensitive areas to minimize any adverse impacts on
wildlife habitat. However no environmentally sensitive area has been identified within the direct
influence of the project activities.
2.5.3 Local Government and Municipalities
The PID and its contractors must ensure that the project meets the criteria of district
governments as related to the establishment of construction camps and plants, and the safe

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disposal of wastewater, solid waste and toxic materials. The PID will coordinate and monitor
environment-related issues.
2.5.4 Social & Environmental Management Unit (SEMU)
Punjab Irrigation Department (PID), under Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority (PIDA),
established the Social and Environmental Management Unit (SEMU) in December 2006 to
enable it to address the environmental and social issues in a timely and effective manner during
operation, maintenance, rehabilitation, construction of new canals and drains etc. SEMU has
developed checklists for canal rehabilitation works covering construction or remodeling of JHead Spur / Dike / Flood Bund / Training Works, new canals, new distributaries or lining of any
channel. SEMU may also be involved as an independent environmental monitoring
organization during construction phase of this Project.
2.5.5 Environment-Related Statutes
This section outlines statutes apart from the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997,
which are relevant to the project.
The Forest Act, 1927 (and Provincial Acts and Rules)
The Act, inter alia, deals with the matters related with protection and conservation of natural
vegetation/habitats. It empowers the concerned agency to declare protected and reserved
forest areas and their maintaining. In spite of the fact that it recognizes the right of people for
access to the natural resources for their household use, it prohibits unlawful cutting of trees and
other vegetation from forest reserve area. The permission is required prior to undertake any
tree cutting from the Forest Department of Punjab province. The contractor will inform formally
to the Punjab Forest Department and PID at-least 1 month before cutting any tree on site.
Provincial Wildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Management) Act,
Ordinances and Rules
In addition to empowering provincial wildlife department to establish game reserves, parks, and
wildlife sanctuaries, these acts regulate the hunting and disturbance of wildlife. This law will
help in eliminating any trespassing into protected areas.
Antiquities Act, 1975
The

Antiquities

Act

relates

to

the

protection,

preservation

and

conservation

of

archaeological/historical sites and monuments. There are no archeological site(s) or cultural


heritage site inside or in the AOI of the project. Nevertheless if there is chance find during the
construction phase this law would provide due guidance.
Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001
These ordinances, issued following the devolution process, establish regulations for land use,
conservation of natural vegetation, air, water, and land pollution, the disposal of solid waste and
wastewater effluents, as well as matters related to public health and safety. This law will help as
and when participatory management of irrigation system becomes the order of the day.
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Factories Act, 1934


The clauses relevant to the project are those that are related with the health, safety and welfare
of workers, disposal of solid waste and effluent, and damage to private and public property.
The Factories Act also provides regulations for handling and disposing of toxic and hazardous
materials. There are no factories / industries inside the project area.
Land Acquisition Act 1894
Land Acquisition Act (LAA), 1894 is the primary law governing land acquisition in Pakistan. For
the acquisition of land, the above-mentioned Act, rules and regulations are followed whether
the acquisition is for Government of Punjab or any other agency. Up to this stage no permanent
land acquisition has been anticipated in the design of the project. Should there be a need for
temporary acquisition, this law would be helpful.
2.6 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GUIDELINES
The Asian Development Banks Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 and Environmental
Policy 2002 require that environmental considerations be incorporated in to ADBs funded
project to ensure that the project will have minimal environmental impact and be
environmentally sound. Occupational health & safety of the local population should also be
addressed as well as the project workers as stated in SPS. A Grievance Redress
Mechanism to receive application and facilitate resolution of affected peoples concerns,
complaints, and grievances about the projects environmental performance is also
established and provided in chapter-6.
Environmental Category
According to ADB guidelines, projects are to be categorized in to the following environmental
categories; A, B, or C as given in the table below. Once the project has been categorized,
the chief compliance officer must confirm it at the management review meeting. At any stage
the category can be changed with the approval of the chief compliance officer if further
studies and investigations reveal that the projects potential impacts are worse, minimal or
negligible.
ADB Environmental Categories
Category A:
Criterion
Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts.
This is applicable in case of mega projects causing global or at least regional impacts.
This types of project require a first class EIA to be produced and implemented.
It is not applicable on this project.

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Category B:
Criterion
Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree
and/or significance than those for category A projects.
This is applicable in case of projects with localized and mitigable impacts. Rehabilitation
& Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal is a Category B project. The project involves
rehabilitation and repair of an already existing structure without causing any permanent
change in the surrounding environment. All impacts shall be localised, limited and
mitigable. Such projects according to ADB require an IEE and EMP only.
Category C:
Criterion
Projects unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. It is not applicable on this
project

2.7

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS) 2000

The NEQS 2000 specify the following standards:


1.

Maximum allowable concentration of the Pollutants, (32 parameters) in emission and


liquid industrial effluents discharged to inland water.

2.

Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (two parameters) in gaseous


emission from vehicle exhaust and noise emission from vehicles.

3.

Maximum allowable noise level from vehicles

4.

Maximum allowable limits for Drinking Water

5.

Maximum allowable limit for Ambient Air Quality

These standards apply to the gaseous emission and liquid effluents discharged by campsite
and construction machinery. The standards for vehicles will apply during the construction as
well as operation phase of the project. Precise standards for air quality are not available
under NEQS, 2000. The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) 2000 specify the
following standards:
1.

Discharge to inland waters:

The standard prescribes the maximum allowable concentration for 32 contaminants in the
municipal and liquid industrial effluents being discharged to the environment.

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Determinants which will be relevant to the contractors activity and discharges into inland
waters and their limits are listed in the following Table 2.1.
Table 2.1:

Effluent Discharge Standards Applicable to the Works

Determinant

Limit

Temperature

40oC =<3 deg

Ph

69

BOD5

80 mg/l

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

150 mg/l

Total Suspended Solid (TSS)

200 mg/l

Total Dissolved Solids

3500 mg/l

Grease and Oil

10 mg/l

Phenolic compounds (as phenol)

0.1 mg/l

Ammonia

40 mg/l

Chlorine

1.0 mg/l

Chloride

1000.0 mg/l

Sulphate

600 mg/l

Manganese

1.5 mg/l

Fluroride

10 mg/l

Cyanide (as CN) total

1.0 mg/l

An-ionic detergents (as MB As)

20 mg/l

-2

Sulphide (S )

1.0 mg/l

Pesticides

0.15 mg/l

Cadmium

0.1 mg/l

Chromium trivalent and hexavalent

1.0 mg/l

Copper

1.0 mg/l

Lead

0.5 mg/l

Mercury

0.01 mg/l

Selenium

0.5 mg/l

Nickel

1.0 mg/l

Silver

1.0 mg/l

Total Toxic metals

2.0 mg/l

Zinc

5.0 mg/l

Arsenic

1.0 mg/l

Barium

1.5 mg/l

Iron

8.0 mg/l

Boron

6.0 mg/l

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There are no prescribed limits for the concentrations of microbiological determinants which
will be required to be met by any wastewater discharged from the contractors work camps.
Appropriate international standards will be considered in the Environmental Management
Plan.
2.

Gaseous emission from industrial sources:

Maximum allowable concentrations of air based pollutants at construction site are given in
Table 2.2:
Table 2.2:

Gaseous Emission Levels

Determinant

Limit
9 ppm (8 hours)

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

3.

35 ppm (1 hour)

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

140 ug/m3

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

100 ug/m3

Environmental Noise Levels

While no environmental noise levels are currently in place, values have been submitted to
the Expert Advisory Committee on NEQS for consideration. The levels which are being
proposed are summarized in Table 2.3.
Table 2.3:

Noise Emission Levels

Category

Daytime dB(A)
(06:00 21:00)

Night-time dB(A)
(21:00 06:00)

Residential Area

55

45

Commercial Area

65

55

Industrial Area

75

70

Silence Zone

50

40

The Standard prescribed for maximum allowable noise levels for road vehicles and
construction machinery is 85 dB (measured 7.5m from vehicle/machinery).
2.8 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
Pakistan is signatory to a number of International Conventions, Protocols and
Understandings relating to the environment. Those relevant to the project are described in
the following paragraphs.

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Convention on Biological Diversity


The Convention of Biological Diversity was the outcome of the Earth Summit held in Riode-Janeiro in 1992. The Convention binds the signatories to respect, protect and conserve
the earth environment and bio-diversity through sustainable use of natural resources. In all
development projects in Pakistan the protocols of this convention are respected in letter and
spirit.
Ramsar Convention
The Convention on Wetland of International Importance, especially on Waterfowl Habitats
held in Iran in 1972 at village Ramsar in Iran, places an obligation on the signatories to
protect habitats of migratory waterfowl. There is no Ramsar site within the canal command
area and AOI of the project.

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IEE Report

THE PROJECT

3.1 GENERAL
Pakpattan canal off takes from right side of Suleimanki Barrage with design discharge of
6594 cusec. With the construction of Sidhnai-Mailsi Bahawal Link (SMB Link), the main
canal was split into two parts viz Pakpattan Canal Upper from RD 0+000 to 567+372 and
Pakpattan Canal Lower from RD 568+000 to RD 667+000. Pakpattan canal lower draws its
supplies from Sidhnai Mailsi Bahawal (SMB) link with a new head regulator at RD 195+171 /
R of SMB Link. Gross Command Area (GCA) of Pakpattan canal is 1.4 lac acres whereas
Cultivated Command Area (CCA) is 1.29 lac acres which fall, mainly in Pakpattan and
Vehari districts.
3.2 CULTIVATED COMMAND AREA (CCA)
The Pakpattan Canal command is located between River Sutlej on its south and Old Sukh
Beas Nallah running along boundary of Lower Bari Doab Canal in its north. In the eastern
side it starts from the edge of the eastern border of Pakistan with India at Suleimanki
Barrage. The total length is approximately 134 miles extending up to Lodhran district from
the Suleimanki Barrage. The command area width varies and at places reaches up to 26
miles. The 90% command area falls in districts Pakpattan and Vehari. The remaining 10 %
area is in Okara and Lodhra districts.
3.3 PAKPATTAN MAIN CANAL
The whole main canal is divided into two parts viz Pakpattan Canal Upper from RD 0 to 568
and Pakpattan Canal Lower from RD 568 to 667. The upper canal and its associated
distribution system feed from Suleimanki Barrage and Lower section draws its supplies from
SMB Link with a new head regulator at RD 195 of SMB Link. The design discharge of
Pakpattan canal lower is 940 cusecs. Due to addition of additional area the canal was
allowed to run with a discharge of 1160 cusecs.
Khadir branch is the main branch off taking from Pakpattan upper at RD 112 with design
discharge of 2230 cusecs and irrigates area falling namely in Pakpattan and Vehari districts.
Two Link Canals are connected with Pakpattan Upper Canal. MP (Motgomery Pakpattan)
Link was constructed to deliver 1000 cusecs of supplies from LBDC (Lower Bari Doab
Canal) to Pakpattan Canal at RD 266. Water is run up to RD 406 Pakpattan Canal Upper,
from where it passes into Pakpattan-Islam Link for use at Islam Barrage i.e. non-perennial
feeding to Upper Bahawal Canal and Qaim Canal.

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3.4 NEED OF THE PROJECT


The system at present is facing many maintenance problems like deteriorated condition of
80 years old structures with upstream and downstream erosion, bermless reaches, eroded
banks, insufficient free board, vulnerability to breaches, accumulation of silt and debris and
water storage at tails etc. The damages mainly occurred due to the event of 1988 flood. The
flood caused breaching in RMB at Suleimanki Barrage and flows routed back to the river
through breaches in Pakpattan Canal, which resulted in uncontrolled supplies in the canal.
Due to this excessive discharge, serious damages mainly downstream of all the
falls/regulators and other structures have taken place. No major rehabilitation works were
carried out during the life time, consequently the main canal has become less efficient.
Pakpattan Main Canal is unable to run with its authorized discharge safely and is being run
by adopting a rotational program.
It is proposed under PIAIP Project to rehabilitate and upgrade the Pakpattan Canal System.
3.5 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
The project envisages mainly the raising and strengthening of banks, rehabilitation of
bridges and other hydraulic structures along the canal. This project is not a construction of
new canal but a rehabilitation work leading to rehabilitation of Pakpattan Canal ultimately
leading to optional and judicious water supply to agricultural fields.
3.5.1
-

Proposal for Rehabilitation & Up-grading Works


Structures in dilapidated condition to be reconstructed, while others to be
rehabilitated.

Stilling basin for fall structures to be reconstructed to dissipate energy properly.

To restore PC (U) section, studs/spurs are to be constructed where channel


banks are eroded and section widened.

New VR Bridges to facilitate local peoples of the area when required.

Foot Bridges will be constructed when required.

Outlets in bad condition to be reconstructed/ rehabilitated.

Banks of channels to be raised to cater for required free board.

Cattle Ghats to be rehabilitated in order to protect channel section in the area


having substantive number of cattle.

To minimize embayment near structures brick masonry protection to be provided


u/s & d/s of structures.

Defective and worn out gates and hoisting arrangement to be replaced.

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Gates will be provided at Head of distributaries and minors where they do not
exist.

New distribution complex to be constructed at the tail of PC upper for efficient


feeding of the tail distributaries.

The analysis accommodation facilities along the canal for the irrigation staff and
Rest Houses need renovation.

Operator / Gauge Reader Huts need renovation or rehabilitation.

The works include civil, mechanical and electrical works. The possible components of the
works are as follow:

Hydraulic Design of Main Canal

Pakpattan Canal Upper was originally designed for a discharge of 6594 cusecs by Kennedy
Theory with bed width 180 ft, FSD 12 ft which was revised in 1972, and designed by lacey
theory having bed width 195 ft, FSD 10 ft using Lacey silt factor of 0.86. It is proposed to
tighten the section of the canal from last design 195 ft bed width to its original bed width 180
ft, and an increase in water depth by 2 ft. It will help to remove the silt bed to its original
level.

Falls and Cross Regulators on Pakpattan Canal

In order to reduce the D/S embayment and erosions consultants will check the structure
hydraulically and modify according to the design requirements during detail design stage. All
fall / x-regulator will be redesigned to control the flow conditions. Step drop structures are
proposed to be replaced with glacis type fall structure and stilling basin.

Embayment Down Stream of Structure

Bank erosion and embayment downstream of structures is a common problem of Pakpattan


Canal System. Previously stone pitching was provided on the eroded bank to restrict further
embayment. However bank erosion shifted to the end of stone pitching and canal
embayment moved further. In order to restrict turbulent wave formation, proper transition is
being proposed to protect canal banks from erosion.

Cattle Ghats on Pakpattan Main Canal

Mostly banks are eroded due to trespassing where there is populated area near the canal.
Previously to protect banks from erosion, cattle ghats were constructed which are in bad
shape. Therefore, to protect banks from erosion it is proposed to rehabilitate the existing
cattle ghats.

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Head Regulators of Distributaries

Gates and hoisting arrangement need to be repaired for the proper functioning of the canal
system. Therefore it is proposed to construct/rehabilitate the head regulators and where ever
required gates and hoisting arrangement will be replaced.

Bank Strengthening

Bank strengthening is required in various reaches of Pakpattan Canal. Most of the channels
in the distribution system have insufficient free board. Therefore, it is proposed to attain
proper shape of the channel prism and strengthening of channel banks.

Protection Down Stream and Upstream of Structures

During condition survey it was found that embayment exists upstream and downstream of
structures in main canal as well as in distributaries and minors. It is proposed to provide
brick side protection works in the canal prism near structures as per requirements.

Platforms for Regulation at Head Regulators

Most of the channels head regulators need deck platforms with railing and stairs; platforms
will be constructed of appropriate width and height where required. Slab widths at some
head regulators of the distributaries with already are to be increased for proper regulation.

Killa Bushing

Killa bushing will be provided to convert the channel section to its design parameters. Berms
developed by the Killa bushing will also increase the safety of canal.

Removal of Sarkanda

Sarkanda growth is common along the main canal and causes obstruction to flow. For
altering smooth flow in channel, sarkanda is proposed to be removed.

Tail Reach of Pakpattan Canal (Upper)

Due to split-up of PC discharge is reduced in tail reach of PC(U) and the channel is
meandering in wider section. To attain proper shape of the channel section it is proposed to
be redesigned and straightened for the actual flow.

Tail Distribution Complex

Four distributaries 9L, 7R, 6R and 10L off-take from PC(U) at RD 546+830, 547+475,
547+581 and 567+382 respectively. As per discussion with field supervisory staff and
concerned officials, regulation problems exist there. It is proposed to construct a combined
distribution complex at RD 546+830 on PC (U) to regulate flows into distributaries.
Discharge D/S of RD 546+830 is reduced to 12.04 cusecs, it is proposed that the tail of the
PC (U) be curtailed at this point and a distributor complex be constructed and it may be
renamed as 10L Disty instead of PC (U)

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Proposed Plan for Tail Distributor Complex to Cater Regulation Problem


at Tail of PC (U)

Village Road Bridges

Village Road Bridges, which are damaged or in dilapidated condition on Pakpattan Main
Canal and will be reconstructed/rehabilitated. New Village Road Bridges are also proposed
to be constructed to facilitate local people and avoid damage to the canal system.

Rehabilitation of Gauge Reader Huts

In order to increase the work efficiency and facilitate the irrigation staff, Gauge Reader Huts
are proposed to be reconstructed / rehabilitated. Presently most of the huts are not in livable
condition.

Renovation of Rest Houses and Residences of Field Staff

Most of the Rest Houses and residences for the field staff were constructed during 1st and
2nd quarter of 20th century. No major rehabilitation work has been undertaken since then.
Most of these rest houses are not in satisfaction condition. To facilitate the supervisory staff
these rest houses/residences are proposed to be rehabilitated under PIAIP Project. These
rest houses can be used as FOs headquarter or meeting point in future. Boundary walls are
proposed to be constructed to ensure security as most of the rest houses do not have
boundary walls.

Diversion Channels

Diversion channels will be constructed (where required) to maintain the routine canal flows.
PID land is available along the canal and no private land will be acquired for this activity. The
excavated material will be back filled at the completion of project and land will be restored to
its original condition.

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3.6 WORK BASE AREA


The work base area and all the access roads will be located within the PIDs land. Therefore
no private land acquisition is required to establish the work base area and access roads.
Modification and maintenance of the surface of the bunds and access roads will be
undertaken to ensure dust free environment of the area.
3.7 BORROW AREA
PID owned and private land may be required for the contractors facilities (offices, residential
areas, material/plant/equipment yard, batching plant (if required) etc). The locations of these
facilities will be suggested during detail design stage according to environmental point of
view. A strip of land, approximately 50 ft. wide, along the canal belongs to PID. This land
should be preferred for developing contractors facilities. Irrigation rest houses are located
along the canal, which could be developed and utilized by the contractor.
It is envisaged that private land may also be required to obtain some fill material. Most of the
land found along the canal is agricultural land and may be used borrow area, if required,
after obtain Engineers approval. However the land would be restored for agricultural or other
desirable purpose at the completion of the project.
3.8 MATERIAL REQUIREMENT / SOURCE
The civil works will require the following materials
Cement, Crush, Sand, Plastisizer, Air Entraining Agents, Steel Reinforcement, Epoxy and
Grouting material, and earth work.
The material associated with Mechanical Works of the Project is
Gates, Hoisting System, Cables, Motors, Gear Box and Welding Materials
Table 3.1:
Sr.
No.
1

Raw Material Availability

Source

Earth Material (soil)

Available locally, borrowed from the lands


temporarily acquired for the purpose.
Available at many sources, such as:
Quarries at Sakhi Sarwar (160 miles), Margalla
Hills (320* miles) and Sikhanwali (220* miles),
Sargodha (230* miles).
The choice will however will depend upon the
quality and suitability of the rock material of the
construction of the hydraulic structures.
Available from the three locations indicated above.

Aggregate (crush)

Rip-rap material

Sand

Source of Raw Material

Though available locally, the construction grade


would need to be acquired from Chenab River bed
(100* miles) or other approved site.
Water for preparation of Ample useable (at most of the locations)

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No.

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7

Raw Material Availability

IEE Report

Source

concrete

groundwater aquifer is available along the canal.


The contractor will install tube well within PID land
at the agreed location with consultants
environmentalist and Project Management Staff.
Water for compaction of Canal water can be used for this purpose with the
embankments
permission
of
regulating
authorities
and
supervision consultants
Cement
Portland cement is locally available from the two
factories situated at Daud Khel (250* miles).
However, the cement of other grades is available
within the country for the factories at D.G.Khan
(260* miles), Karachi (800* miles), Chakwal (300*
miles), Islamabad (281* miles), Wah (365* mile)
etc.
Reinforcement steel
Available from re-rolling mills at Lahore (94* miles).

Mechanical parts of the Could be manufactured at Heavy Mechanical


Gates
Complex at Taxilla (365* miles), Factories at
Lahore (94* miles) and Gujranwala (160* miles)
and /or imported from abroad.
*
All distances are given from Pakpattan Canal Head Regulator.

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

4.

IEE Report

ENVIORNMENTAL BASE LINE CONDITION

4.1 GENERAL
The data were collected regarding the physical environment, biological environment and
social aspects of the study area during stakeholder consultation and technical visits
conducted by the environment team.
4.2 PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE (AOI)
The area of project influence referred as Area of Influence (AOI) is the area likely to be
affected by the project, including all its ancillary aspects such as canals, sites for proposed
diversion channel(s), escape channel(s), relocation and access roads, borrow and waste
disposal areas and labour camps as well as unplanned developments induced by the
project.
Although the major construction activities remain restricted to the construction site which is
along the canal and its distributaries, yet the situation in which construction related activities
could extend beyond the construction site include:
a)

The Labour camp site, batching plant, material storage depots, equipment
and machinery yards

b)

Borrow areas for soil materials

c)

Construction of haul tracks in order to transport construction material

d)

Impact of accidental canal closure on canal command area

The canal command area falls in four districts; Okara, Pakpattan, Vehari and Lodhran out of
which the major part is covered in districts Pakpattan and Vehari. Other main cities/towns
located along the canal are Arifwala, Burewala, Mailsi, Luddan, Tibba Sultanpur, Gaggo,
Sahuka, Machiwal, Karampur, Shaikh Fazal and Thingi.
Overall environmental study area map is given in Figure 4.1.

4-1

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Figure 4.1:

Overall Environmental Study Area Map

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

4.3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT


Physical environment consists of the environmental parameters covering physiography and
soil condition, water quality (surface and groundwater), ambient air quality and climate.
4.3.1

Physiography and Soil

The physiography of the canal command area is indicated on Figure 4.2.

n
ta

S A F E D K O H Peshawar

is

FAT

gh

R A.

A
R
A

Project Area

er
iv

R A.

MILES 50

In

K I R T H A
R

di

CE

NT

IM
A N

TO

Zh
ob
RA
. R ive r

Af
.

R iv
er
ol

RA

ng

IL

S.

du

In

ive

TN

jR

SUL

le

t
Su

AR
KAK
UI
AH
BR

ive

Ha

PIR
LI

50

100

150 MILES

SCALE

Arabian Sea

Karachi

s R iv
e

Gawader

LEGEND

I n du

N K O S T R A. H

B A B

L A
D a sh
R iver a t

MAKRA

IW

er
iv

R
vi
Ra

A.

ve r

RA

he

b
na

i
bR

CENTRAL MAK

L TJ h eRlu m

AY

AN

SA

an

Disputed Territory
Jammu & Kashmir

Islamabad
.
AR iver

Hu

H
SA

E R
NG KA
RA AS
Z

Iran

E
NG
RA

Quetta R A L

RA
KO
S
RA

RA

AL

RAI

KO

JA

HI

SIN

Lahore

BA
.
C H A G AI H

OS

H A
Z

RA
S

DE

Ch
ina

Gilgit
Agency

HI
ND
U

HI

DU

I n d u s R iver

GE
A N

INDUS PLAINS
DESERT
MOUNTAIN RANGE

Figure 4.2: Physiography of Canal Command Area

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

The main land form units which exist in the Pakpattan canal command area are:
-

Recent Flood Plain

Sub-Recent Flood Plain

Miscellaneous Land Types

Recent Flood Plain covers about 12% of canal command area. It is further spilt into category
level plains (about 9%), bars and levees (about 3%). It lies along the right bank of river Sutlej
as a continuous strip and along the left bank of Sukh Beas in discontinuous patches. It is
partly subjected to inundation during high floods. Sub-Recent plain lies between recent flood
plain and Pleistocene river terrace. It occupies approximately 80% of the canal command
area and consists of level plain bar and levees. The remaining miscellaneous land consists
of roads, cities, industry, built-up area, canals etc.
4.3.2

Soil Types

The proposed Project area forms a part of the vast Indus plain, which is a part of the IndoGangetic depression. This depression is of a synclinal nature. Synclinorium depression is a
fore deep downward of the Himalayan foreland of variable depth, converted into flat plains
by the simple process of alluviation. The alluvial deposits are underlain by rocks of
Precambrian age. The soil of the level area is generally medium to coarse texture. Bar and
levees have medium to coarse material. In sub-recent flood plain the soils of the bar and
levees are relatively coarser while those of channels / basin are predominantly clayey1.
4.3.3

Surface Salinity

SCARPS Monitoring Organization (SMO) undertakes the study to identify the saline area in
Pakpattan canal command area. Portable digital conductivity meter was used to measure
the EC of 0-15cm soil. A total of 746 surface samples were tested for salinity categorization.
Four categories namely, non-saline (S1 (EC up to 4dS/m)), slightly saline (S2(EC between 4
to 8dS/m)), moderately saline (S3(EC between 8-15dS/m)) and strongly saline (S4(EC above
15dS/m)) were recognized and mapped. The percentage of saline area found within the
canal command area is summarized in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1:

Percentage Surface Salinity Statistics

Class

Percentage

Non Saline (S1)

90

Slightly Saline(S2)

Moderately Saline (S3)

Strongly Saline (S4)

Negligible

Miscellaneous Land Type

data obtained from Reconnaissance Soil Survey Report of Sahiwal and Multan areas prepared by Soil Survey of Pakistan

4-4

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

4.3.4

IEE Report

Seismicity Data

Earthquake in non-cohesive soil may cause serious problems. In extreme cases liquefaction
can occur if
Relative density is low
Initial confining pressure (overburden) is low
Earthquake intensity is high
Duration of ground shaking is long
National Seismic Monitoring Centre of Pakistan issued the seismic zone map for Pakistan,
as shown in Figure 4.3. Pakpattan canal command area falls in low hazard area and low risk
associated with the infrastructure found in this area.

Figure 4.3:

Seismic Zones of Pakistan

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

4.4 HYDROLOGY
The main source of water within the AOI can be divided into surface water and groundwater.
4.4.1

Surface Water

Pakpattan canal system is the main source of the surface water within the canal command
area. There are some seasonal nallahs which run during the monsoon period but due to lack
of any collection and storage infrastructure, it is too scant and unreliable to be of any
agricultural or other use. Pakpattan canal is a perennial canal and closes only for cleaning
purpose. The main canal is divided into two parts; Upper Pakpattan and Lower Pakpattan
canal. The Upper canal off-takes from river Sutlej at Suleimanki Barrage and Lower canal
feed through SMB Link canal. M.P Link canal is another source of upper Pakpattan canal
and brings about 1000 cusecs of water from L.B.D.C. Pakpattan-Islam Link canal off-take
from upper Pakpattan at RD 406 and takes about 1000 cusecs of Upper Pakpattan canal
water to Islam Barrage to accommodate the discharge of Upper Bahawal and Qaim Canal.
The discharge capacity of the Upper Pakpattan canal at the head regulator (Suleimanki
Barrage) is 6,594 cusecs.
Irrigation Standards
Guideline of FAO Paper 29, Hanson et al., 1999 and WAPDA, are used to interpret
infiltration issues resulting from the use of Pakpattan Canal waters for irrigation. FAO has
defined infiltration as a function of both Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Electrical
Conductivity (EC) whereas WAPDA Standards (described in table 4.2) define infiltration as a
function of SAR and or Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) only.
Table 4.2:

Water Quality Parameters (WAPDA STANDARD)

Symbols

Usable

Marginal

Hazardous

EC x 106 S/cm

0 1500

1500 3000

> 3000

RSC (meq/l)

0 2.5

2.5 5.0

> 5.0

SAR (mg/l)

0 10

10 18

> 18

Human Consumption
The canal water analysis indicates that water quality does not meet the WHO drinking water
standards and is not fit for human consumption for drinking without any treatment (results
attached in appendix 4.1)
Recreation Use
The canal can be used for recreational activities i.e. bathing, water sports etc as the canal
water quality meets the available standard for recreational purposes (results included in
appendix 4.1) USA Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 2003 defines maximum limit
of E-coil equal to 126 per 100ml for freshwater for recreational use.

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

Water Pond for Livestock


Lined ponds recently constructed along Pakpattan Upper are not working properly. The
ponds were designed to accommodate the livestock and minimize canals bank damage
from the livestock. The pond water is supposed to be replaced with the canal water through
the installed pipe work on regular basis. But it seems that the pipes are blocked or were
wrongly designed. The ponds remain filled with dirty water and add the nuisance to the local
environment e.g. odor, mosquitoes breeding place etc. Also, in some cases, the pond water
escaped to the adjacent agricultural land through the cracks in the structure and damaged
the crop. Most of the ponds are damaged and not safe to be used by livestock.

Plate 4.1:

Existing Livestock Pond along the Canal

As the constructed ponds do not serve the purpose, animals use the canal water and
damage the canal banks.

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Plate 4.2:
4.4.2

IEE Report

Livestock Damage the Canal Banks

Flood Record

Under Second Flood Protection Sector Project (FPSP-II), flood risk maps for 5 year and 50
year return period were developed for Sutlej River; part of the map shown in Figure 4.4. The
map indicates the potential area inundated during flood. This information will be used to
prepare the flood protection plan and contractors facilities set up e.g. labour camp, batching
plant, plant & equipment yard etc during detailed design and project implementation phase.
Five (5) years and fifty (50) years flood calculated at Suleimanki barrage from the statistical
analysis are approximately 125,000 cusecs and 350,000 cusecs respectively. The historical
record of major flood pass through the Suleimanki barrage is summarized in Table 4.3.
Table 4.3:

Peak Discharge of Prominent Years in River Sutlej


at Suleimanki Barrage

Years

Discharge
through Through Breaches in Total
weir (Cusecs)
Flood Embankment
(Cusecs)

1942
1943
1947
1950
1955
1988
1995

325,000
309,000
360,000
332,000
422,000
400,000
302,000

Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
175,000
100,000
Nil

325,000
309,000
360,000
332,000
597,000
500,000
302,000

The most recent flood that caused breach in RMB at Suleimanki barrage and damaged
Pakpattan upper and Khadir branch occurred in 1988. There was no flood in 2010 as the
flood only occurred in western rivers (Rivers Sindh, Jehlum and Chenab).
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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

Legend

Figure 4.4:

Flood Inundated Area near the Canal Head Regulator

4-9

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

4.4.3

IEE Report

Groundwater

Unconfined aquifer can be found as shallow as five 5m depth from ground level at some
places along the canal. The aquifer constitutes loose sand of high permeability. Hand pumps
and tubewells are the two most common sources of groundwater within the canal command
area. Groundwater is mainly used for drinking and agriculture purposes.
Groundwater Quality in Canals Command Area
The secondary data for groundwater quality has been collected from Directorate of Land
Reclamation and SMO offices for canals command area. The groundwater was classified on
the basis of laboratory analysis arranged by SMO for Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sodium
Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) during 2003-04. For ease in
description, the groundwater has been expressed as usable, marginal and hazardous for
irrigation as determined by the adverse value of any of the above mentioned three
parameters. The classification criteria used is not intended to be strict in relation to the
effects of irrigation water on soil and crop growth which can be truly adjusted according to
environmental factors such as climate, type of soil, crops grown and management practices.
SMO also carried out testing for pH and EC in the field by using digital portable pH and EC
meters and sent all the water samples to the laboratory for detailed chemical analysis. The
samples were analyzed for pH, soluble cations, soluble anions, dissolved salts, EC, SAR
and RSC. These parameters are used for the classification of water as usable, marginal and
hazardous. The parameters associated with these classifications are as follow:
Usable

EC < 1500 S/cm;

SAR <10 mg/l;

RSC <2.5 meq/l

Marginal

EC 1500 3000 S/cm;

SAR 10-18 mg/l;

RSC 2.5 5 meq/l

SAR >18mg/l;

RSC >5 meq/l

Hazardous EC >3000 S/cm;

Using the above parameters, 609 water samples were collected out of which 345 were from
hand pumps and 264 from shallow tubewells (SMOs publication No. 29). The results are
summarized in Table 4.4.
Table 4.4:
Source

Shallow Groundwater Quality


Shallow Water Quality

Usable (%)

Marginal (%)

Hazardous (%)

Hand pumps

61

30

Tubewells

75

21

Water quality of tubewells is relatively better than that of hand pumps mainly because the
depth of extraction is deeper in case of tubewells.

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

Depth of Water Table


SCAPRs Monitoring Organization (SMO) is engaged in monitoring the water table depth in
Indus Plain bi-annually i.e. during pre-monsoon and post- monsoon through a network of
piezometers and tubewells. On the basis of data collected by SMO during 2002-03, it was
found that water table was not encountered within 300cm of depth from ground level. It was
estimated that 92% of the area has water table beyond 300cm depth. The remaining 8%
area is classified as miscellaneous land type i.e. built-up area, towns, villages, factories,
roads etc.
The data reveals that 5004 and 3114 acres of waterlogged area having water table between
0-300 cm depth during 1962-65 and 1977-79 respectively, are no more waterlogged due to
heavy pumping of groundwater with tubewells. Therefore, under the existing situation waterlogging is not an issue within canal command area.
Brackish Groundwater Zone
Brackish ground water zone are present in districts Vehari and Lodhran. It was quoted by the
Water Management Office and DO Environment of Vehari District that the groundwater
quality is comparatively better along the Canal channels in brackish groundwater zone.
Therefore water supply tube wells in brackish groundwater zone are situated along the canal
channels. The average klater table found in the canal command area is 15m from ground
level.
Climate
The climate of the area is arid and characterized by a long hot summer and short mild
winter. The data collected from the nearest meteorological station of the project, at Sahiwal
is presented in the following graphs.

Average Relative Humidity for each Month, Sahiwal(2008)


80

Relative Humidity
(%)

60
40
20
0
1
J

2
F

3
M

7
J
J
Months

10

11

12

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

Average of Maximum Monthly Temperatures , Sahiwal


(2008)
Maximum Temperature (0C)

45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1

10

11

12

Average Minimum Monthly Temperatures , Sahiwal (2008)


30

Temperature (0C)

25
20
15
10
5
0
1

10

11

12

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

Average Monthly Rainfall, Sahiwal (2008)


9
8
Average Rainfall
(millimeters)

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1

10

11

12

Average Monthly Windspeed, Sahiwal (2008)


4
Average Windspeed
(KNOT)

3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1

10

11

12

Wind
The Wind velocity and direction in the project area is dominated by monsoon winds
(seasonal winds) blowing from sea to land in summer and from land to sea in winter. During
the summer months the landmass of Asia rises in temperature, the air above it heats up and
rises. As a result, low pressure areas are formed over the landmass in contrast to high
pressure area over Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. The predominant wind direction during
the summer months is therefore to the northeast and north from the Arabian Sea.
Additionally, the Bay of Bengal monsoon air stream from the southeast markedly influences
the northeastern parts of the country. In the winter months, the temperature of the land
decreases and high-pressure area is created in the northeast of the country resulting in land
4-13

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

winds blowing towards the south and southwest. The wind speed is usually higher in
summer and causes dust storm.
4.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
The existing macro-habitats within the project area include the agricultural and barren lands.
4.5.1

Flora

Flora can be divided into two parts:Along the Canal


Adjacent Area
4.5.1.1
Along the Canal
Very few trees were found along most of the length of the canal bank. There are a number
of places available for further plantation along the canal. Common types of trees found along
the canal include
Shesham (Dalbergia sisso)
Kikar (Acacia nilotica)
Pipal (Ficus religiosa)
Jaman (Eugenia Jambolana)
Frash (Tamarix aphylla)
Beri (Zizyphus jujuba)
Mango tree (Mangifera indica)

Plate 4.3:

Occasional Finding of Fruit Trees (above is Mango Tree)

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

Other species of the plants include


Tress;
Lai (Tamarix dioca), Jand (Prospis spicigera), Mesqette (Prosophs juliflora), Mesquette
(Prosopis glandulosa), Bhan/Poplar (Populus euphratica), Sufaida (Eucalyptus)
Grasses & Shrubs;
Pilchi (Tamarix gallica), Khabbal (Cynodon dactylon), Munj (Erianthus munja), Kia
(Sacchrum spontaneum), Kunder (Typha elephantine), Cynodom dacylon, (Khabal),
Desmostachya bipinnata (Dab), Dicanthium annulatum (chimber), Sporobolus sp. Imperata
cylindrica (Seer).
4.5.1.2 Adjacent Area
Flora of canal command area and its adjacent area are described below:
Pakpattan & Sahiwal District
Prior to canal irrigation in the Pakpattan area, wild trees such as Jand (Prosopis spicigera)
and Van (Salvadora abeoides) were prominent in the region. After 1930 trees such as
Shesham (Dalbergia sisoo) and Kikar (Acacia nilotica) were planted whereas in recent
years, Sufaida (Eucalyptus) has also been planted in the area.
Vehari District
Common types of the trees found in Vehari district area are Simbal Sarin (Albizzia Lebbak),
Sufaida (Eucalyptus), Kikar (Acacia nilotica) and Shesham (Dalbergia Sisso)
Lodhran District
Jand, Karril, Farash and Kikar are commonly found in this district and flourish in the dry arid
tracts. Kikar is the most useful as it survives in tough conditions and its wood is used for roof
beams, carts, water lifts and ploughs etc. Mango fruit orchards are also common in this
district.
4.5.2

Fauna

About a century ago, wildlife species of the canal command area included neel gai (blue
bull), Chankara deer, Hog deer, wolves, wild cat, hyenas and leopards. But due to the
development of irrigation system during 1920s and construction of new cities including
Vehari, Burawala, Arifwala etc the habitats of some of these animals were distracted and
they become extinct in this area. Also vigorous hunting and killing during last three to four
decades eradicated some of the above species from this part of the world.
There is no wildlife sanctuary or game reserve or any other protected area within the canal
command area. It was informed by the District Officer Wildlife Vehari that recently the turtles
found in canal water were caught illegally and smuggled to Thailand because of their
demand in restaurants. Therefore the wildlife department staff inspects the canal on regular
basis to stop its illegal pouching.

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

Fauna finds within the canal command area are given below:
Mammals
Species

Scientific Name

Status

IUCN Status

Mongoose

Herpestes anropunctatous

Common

Least Concern

Porcupine

Hystrise indica

Common

Least Concern

Hedge Hog

Hemiechinus spp.

Common

Not Evaluated

Fox

Valpes bengalensis

Rare

Least Concern

Jackal

Canis aureus

Common

Least Concern

Wild Boar

Sus scrofa

Common

Least Concern

House Rat

Rattus rattus

Common

Least Concern

Hare

Lepus nigricollis

Common

Least Concern

Reptiles & Amphibians


Species
Frogs
Toads
Sand Boa or Du-muhi
Chequared keel back
Snake
Dark-bellied marsh Snake
Indian Monitor Lizard
Variety of lizards, krait
and viper

Scientific Name
Frogs
Toads
Erys Johnii
Natrix piscator

Status
Common
Common
Common
Common

IUCN Status
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated

Xenochrophis
cerasogaster
Veranus
bengalensis

Common

Not Evaluated

Common

Not Evaluated

Common

Not Evaluated

Flap Shells
Species

Scientific Name

Status

IUCN Status

Indian Flapshell Turtle

Lissymes punctata

Common

Least Concern

Brown River Turtle

Kachuga Smithin

Common

Not Evaluated

Species

Scientific Name

Status

IUCN Status

White breasted kingfisher

Halcyon smyrnensis

Common

Least Concern

Pied kingfisher

Ceryle rudis

Common

Least Concern

Little egret

Egretta garryetta

Common

Not Evaluated

Cattle egret

Bubulcus ibis

Common

Least Concern

Pond heron

Areleola grayii

Common

Not Evaluated

Little bittern

Ixobrychus minutus

Common

Least Concern

Birds

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

Red-vented bulbul

Pyenonotus cafer

Common

Not Evaluated

Rosy starling

Sturnus vulgaris

Common

Not Evaluated

Common myna

Acridotheres tristis

Common

Least Concern

Bank myna
House crow
Large pied wagtail
Ring dove
Little brown dove
Indian roller

Acridotheres
ginginianus
Corvas splendens
Motacilla
maderaspatensis
Streptopelia
decaocto
Streptopelia
senegalensis
Coracias
benghalensis

Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common

Least Concern
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Least Concern
Least Concern
Least Concern

Purple sunbird

Nectarinia asiatica

Common

Not Evaluated

Indian robin

Saxicoloides fulicata

Common

Least Concern

Asian koel

Eudynamys
scolopacea

Common

Least Concern

Common

Least Concern

Common

Not Evaluated

Tyto alba

Common

Least Concern

Spotted owlet

Athene brama

Common

Least Concern

Blue-rock pigeon

Columba livia

Common

Least Concern

Yellow-throated sparrow

Petronia xanthocollis

Common

Least Concern

Sind sparrow

Passer pyrrhonotus

Common

Least Concern

River tern

Sterna aurantia

Common

Least Concern

Golden-back woodpecker

Dinopium javanense

Yellow-crowned

Dendrocopos

woodpecker

mahrattensis

Barn owl

Black Winged stilt

Himantopus
himantopus

Common

Least Concern

Cattle egret

Bubulcus ibis

Common

Least Concern

Common coot

Fulica atra

Common

Not Evaluated

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

Common pochard

Aythya ferina

Common

Least Concern

Common sand piper

Actitis hypaleucus

Common

Not Evaluated

Pond heron

Ardeola Grayti

Common

Not Evaluated

River tern

Sterna aurantia

Common

Least Concern

Fish
One hundred and twenty seven species of fresh water fish have been recognized in Indus
River and its tributaries, comprising 59 cyprinids, 33 slurries, 2 clupeids and 33 others. Of
these most important are Palla (Tenua losa ilisha) and Mahasheer (Torputitora spp.) which
are exceptional species and powerful game fish. But due to construction of a series of
barrages Palla cannot migrate from sea upwards and is almost extinct from river and canals
waters. Upward breeding movement of Mahasheer is also restricted due to barrages.
The data included in this section is collected during the site meeting with the fishing
contractors and visit to the local Fisheries Department. Local survey on canal and meeting
with selected fishermen were also done. It has been reported that the fisheries Department
lease out the fishing rights of Pakpattan canal for 62,000 rupees per annum. Mainly the fish
is exported to big cities like Multan, Lahore, and Karachi etc., however small quantity of fish
is sold to the local shops. Specially designed net (Jal) by the fishermen are the common tool
of catching fish. The most common types of fish found in the canal are Gulfam, Sangari,
Raho and Mori. The fishing season commences in October and ends by mid February.
It can be generally stated that as long as there is no drastic change in the general river
habitat there is hardly any impact on Fish in Pakpattan canal. Anyway, the biological
interbalance in the ecosystem is healthy that all minor changes would not cross the limits of
ecological shock absorbers.

4-18

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Plate 4.4:

Local Name
Daula
Dumbra
Bam (Eel)
Khagga
Mori
Mullee
Rohu
Soul
Singhara
Thaila

IEE Report

Fishing Contractor Catching Fish in Upper Pakpattan Canal


Fishes Found in Pakpattan Canal System
Scientific Name
Channa marulius
Labeo rohita
Disambiguation
Rita rita
Barilius Vagra
Wallago attu
Labeo rohita
Channa striatus (Bloch)
Mystus (Osteobagrus) seenghala
Catla catla

4.6 SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITION


Social environment was studied through a structured questionnaire and results were
analyzed.
Demographic Characteristics
According to 1998 District Census Report, the total population of District Okara is about 2.2
million with average annual growth rate of 2.4 per cent. The total population of District Vehari
is about 2.0 million with average annual growth rate of 2.7 per cent. Similarly, the total
population of District Lodhran is about 1.2 million with the annual growth rate of 2.7 percent.
Majority of population is Muslim with Punjabi and Saraiki as their mother tongue.
The secondary data was supported by the primary data as well. The primary data is
comprises the respondents entire population including their family members. The male
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respondents were 200 in numbers, selected randomly in the entire project area during the
field study. Table 4.5 illustrates the picture of respondents family members.
Table 4.5 Respondents Family Members
Sr.
No
1
2
3
4

Districts

Male

Female

Okara
164
132
Pakpattan
208
178
Vehari
257
212
Lodhran
112
98
Total:741
580
Source: PIAIP Consultants Field Survey

Total
Population
296
386
469
210
1361

Percentage of Female
Population
45
46
45
47
46

The table indicates that total population of the respondent is 1361 in number where female
population rate is low, i.e., 44 percent of the total population. The average family size is 6.8
members with exceptional cases vary from four (4) to 27 members per household. In case of
maximum family members, people are used to living together in the same boundary wall in
different rooms.
Age Group
Age is another important demographic characteristic which has a bearing on the
employment and mobility. A study of distribution of heads of households by age will throw
some light on the type of strategies which may be helpful in raising their income and
employment.
The data regarding the distribution of head of household by age categories is presented in
Table 4.6. The most striking feature of the data presented is the predominance of relatively
mature persons in the study area, i.e., 32 percent of the respondents were falling in the age
category of 36-45 years. However, the respondents falling in the lowest and highest age
groups were present with equal proportion of 22 percent. 24 percent out of the total surveyed
respondents were representing the 2nd lowest age category.
Table 4.6:

Respondents Age Group

Sr.
No.
1.

15-25

No. of
Respondents
44

2.

26-35

48

24

3.

36-45

64

32

4.

46-60

44

22

200

100

Age Group

Total

% age of Respondents
22

Source: Field Survey by PIAIP Consultants

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4.7 SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS


In any social set up, the personal characteristics of the individual play a vital and key role in
the formation of attitude and behavior patterns. The institution of family has also profound
and comprehensive effect in this respect.
Culture and Local Traditions
Concept of culture can provide ways of explaining and understanding human behavior, belief
system, values and ideologies, as well as particular culturally specific personality types.
Culture is the full range of learned human behavior patterns. It is also powerful human tool
for survival but is a fragile phenomenon. The culture and tradition prevailed in the study area
is discussed as under,
o

The combination of new and old culture is found in the Project area, although the
young generation is fond of modern culture. The influence of religion on daily life of
the people is distinctly felt and their conduct is regulated by the dictation of the
religion. Majority of the population follows Islamic traditions, which is well practiced in
rural area and has high moral value in the society.

Food of the inhabitants is very simple. Wheat and rice are generally eaten in the
Project area. The use of Desi ghee, milk and lassi is very popular in the rural area,
which is available in sufficient quantity. However, the residents near city have started
using different packed cereals in breakfast.

Shalwar Qamiz is the most commonly worn dress both among men and women of
the Project area. However, Government officials and students use western dress,
i.e., trouser and coat during the day time and indigenous dress is worn at home in the
evening. Female dress is also very simple and consists of Shalwar, Farak and
Dopatta.

The use of ornaments among the females is also common. The females decorate
themselves with necklace, Ballis, Tikka and Churies (bangle).

Marriage is a special happy occasion in the family, which is performed with all its
charms by singing and dancing. The people of the family and adjacent locality are
invited by the bridegrooms family and are entertained with delicious meals. The
brides parents donate the dowry to the girl for equipping her new house.

Joint family system is predominant in the Project area. However, new life style and
cultural impacts from the outside world have directly influenced the family system,
gradually shifting it to the nuclear family system.

Caste and Baradri System


The word caste comes from the Portuguese casta, meaning lineage. The baradri
(brotherhood) is an important aspect of the rural society. It forms on the basis of blood
relation, caste and occupation. Baradri plays an important role in the farm events, e.g., birth,
death, marriage etc. If ceremony is done properly it adds prestige to the baradri and

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enhances the beauty of the occasion. People of same baradri usually have sympathetic
feelings for each other. In nutshell, Baradri is a sign of solidarity and unity.
The Project area is inhabited by people of different baradri, tribes and races. The tribal and
ethnic affiliations are showing sign of weakening with the expansion of modern education
and social intermixing besides the emergence of a new effluent class of people working
abroad in the Middle East and other places where money or financial soundness becomes
the hallmark rather than ethnic or tribal association. However, Syed, Watto, Jat, Joyia, Arian,
Bhatti, kharal, Gujjar, Rajput, Malik, Mochi, Ansari and Rahmani families are present in the
Project Area.
Religion
Majority of the population is Sunni Muslims but Ahl-e-Hadis (Wahabis) and Ahl-e-Tashih are
also present in a cordial atmosphere of co-existence. The people of all the sects are usually
living peacefully; there is no sectarian feeling among people of different sects. Christians are
also living comfortably side by side.
Settlement Pattern
The availability of water determines the location of hamlets/settlements. Dwellings are of
permanent in nature and distance varies from 0-1km from the metalled roads. The
population of the Project area is totally based on rural setup. Villages are the main
settlements; the numbers of houses vary from 40 to 1500 in a village while the homesteads
usually belong to single family, which is built in its own agriculture land.
Habitation
Housing facilities of the households reflect their financial position and living standard.
Habitation is identified as a space occupied for dwelling purposes and is further classified
according to the type of structure into three categories, i.e., Pacca, semi pacca and Kacha.
People have constructed their houses for their own residing purpose. This statement is
endorsed by the field investigation which shows that significant majority (95 percent) of the
population is living in their own houses and only a few, five (5) percent are living free of cost
in the landlord house in return for providing the farm service to land owners. None of the
respondent found living in rented house.

Following types of houses are commonly found in the Project area,


i) Pacca Houses with concrete roof
ii) Semi Pacca houses with brick masonry, mud mortar and T-Iron girder roofing.
iii) Kacha (mud) Houses with sirky or tree wood batton roofing.

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People of the project area are found to reside mostly in the 1st and 2nd housing categories,
depending upon the financial condition of a household. The size of these houses varies from
816 sq.ft to 5712 sq.ft. The third housing category is simple and self constructed with
minimum furnishings. Table 4.7 gives detail of the respondents housing characteristics.
Table 4.7:
Housing Characteristic of the Respondent
Housing
Percentage
Sr. No.
Respondents
Characteristics
(%)
1.

Pacca

90

45

2.

Semi Pacca

65

33

3.

Kacha

45

22

200

100

Total:

Drinking water
Availability and quality of drinking water are not the concerns of the majority of natives of the
Project area due to good quality of groundwater. However, the people residing in Tehsil
Duniapur are facing the brackish groundwater. Perhaps, this is the reason that tap water
facility through government water supply schemes is almost non-existent in the Project area,
though it is required in the Duniapur area. People have installed water pumps which are
either operated manually or by electricity. The installation cost of the pump is nominal and
local population is enjoying this facility. There are instances that hand pumps are installed at
the distributary bank In Duniapur, where women are fetching water to their homes to meet
the domestic water requirements.
In addition, tube wells are very common for irrigation purpose. The good sign is that, owners
also make their tube wells open for others to provide access for drinking water. However, the
owners of tube wells are complaining regarding the power failure or increase in the prices of
fuel, which makes it hard for operating the pumps.
Communication Infrastructures
The villages of the Project area are normally connected with main road(s) and district
headquarters through metalled roads, although these roads require extensive repair and
maintenance. Railway link is also available in the Project area. The telephone facility by
Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) is also available but at limited scale.
However, there is a growing trend of utilization of cell phones by the local people due to easy
access to connections.
Health
Health condition is one of the major determinants of a societys social development and
quality of life. The overall health condition of the residents is good in the Project Area, as no

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serious disease was reported by the respondents except the water borne diseases.
However, few hepatitis patients were also found in the study area.
The health facilities provided by the government in the Project area are very limited.
Therefore, people are compelled to consult private practitioners and Hakeem2 etc. for their
medical treatment. The licensed lady health visitor is almost nonexistent in the area; major
reliance is on the traditional childbirth attendant for assisting the delivery, which is the only
service available in the project area.
Education
The educational facilities available by the government are not adequate, and people have
the option to send their children to private schools for education or in the nearest town(s) for
higher education, which the poor parents find difficult to afford.
However, people are more interested in imparting religious education to their children and
happily send them to the mosques for reading the Holy Quran through the Clergy, Imam of
the mosque. This religious education is normally provided free of cost. Table 4.8 depicts the
picture of available educational facilities in the Project area.
Sr. No.
1

Table 4.8:
Access to Education Facilities
No. of School(s)
Male
Female
Primary School
8
13

Total
21

Middle School

10

18

High School

Private

Co-education

12

Total:

55

Literacy Status
According to district population census report 1998, a person is treated as literate who can
read a newspaper or journal of same standard and write a simple letter in any language.
Literacy is measured as the ratio in percentage of literate population to the corresponding
population aged 10 and above. However, the literacy ratio in the Project area varies from 38
to 62 percent and the literacy rate among the male is higher (59 percent) than the females
(41 percent) of the study area.
Power Supply
Electricity is available in most of the villages of the Project area, but the residents are
complaining about the load shedding, which adversely affects their routine daily business.
Firewood and kerosene oil are the major sources of energy in case of non-availability of
electricity. Fire wood is used for cooking and heating purpose, which is collected by the
2

Provide health services in rural area

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villagers by lopping dried branches of bushes or from self grown trees. However, few people
also use the gas cylinder for cooking.
Social Amenities
The sample respondents were inquired during socio-economic survey about the presence of
utilities in their homes to develop the social baseline of the area. A significant majority (90
percent) of the respondents have electricity, only one (1) percent has the facilities of
government water supply schemes. Similarly, two (2) percent have landline telephone
facilities, whereas none of the respondents is enjoying the facilities of Sui gas and drainage
system as given in Table 4.9.
Sr. No

Table 4.9:
Social Amenities
Social Amenities Frequency

1.

Electricity

2.

(%) age

180

90

Water Supply

3.

Sui Gas

4.

Telephone

5.

Drainage

Occupation
It is useful to have information about the occupational distribution of head of households.
Such information will facilitate better planning and execution of the project. The occupational
/professional status of the respondents as given in table 4.10 indicates that about 52 percent
are farmers, and the remaining are livestock holders nineteen (19) percent, laborers twelve
(12) percent, government/private employees eleven (11) percent, businessmen ten (10)
percent, and student are also reported to be one (1) percent. The students are treated as
unemployed.
Table 4.10:
Sr. No.

Profession

Profession/Business
Number
of Respondents

Percentage
(%)

Farmers

94

47

Livestock holders

38

19

Laborers

26

12

Govt. / Private

21

11

19

10

Employees
5

Businessmen

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Unemployed/Student
Total

200

100

Income Levels
The household income related to various professions like farming, livestock management,
labor, business enterprises, services and remittances from abroad is reflected in Table 4.11.
Table 4.11 Household Income
Sr.
No

Income
Level (Rs./Month)

Number of
Households

Percentage (%)
of household

Up to 5000

53

27

5001-10000

88

44

10001-15000

31

15

15001 and above

28

14

200

100

Total

The survey finding shows that majority (44 percent) of the households are falling in the 2 nd
lowest income category. The people of this income category are medium farmers, livestock
holders and employees in the private sectors. Contrary to this, the respondents falling in the
highest income category are just 15 percent. There are big farmers, businessmen and
people receiving remittances from their relatives/sons living abroad (mostly in Middle East or
Europe). The persons falling in the lowest income category is 27 percent. These are mostly
the small farmers and tenant who hardly get the crop produce for even household use, with
an overall meager monthly income. In addition, the people of this particular income level are
laborours or servants of the landlord families. The persons fall in the income level 3 are
usually farmers, shopkeepers and government employees who can make that much income
on monthly basis.
Expenditures
The expenditures of the household include food expenses, non-food expenses (washing,
bathing, clothing and shoes expenses), educational expenses, utility expenses and health
expenses. The food and non-food expenses were inquired on monthly basis while the
responses over the other expenses were obtained on yearly basis. Detail of the household
expenditures is given in the Table 4.12.
Table 4.12:
Sr. No.

Household Expenditures

Expenditures Level

Number of

Percentage (%)

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(Rs./Month)
5000 and below

Household
52

of household
26

5001-10000

88

44

10001-15000

54

27

15001 and above

200

100

Total

The table shows that the family expenditures of most of the households (71 percent) vary
from Rs. 5,001 to Rs. 15,000, whereas families spending Rs. 5,000 and below per month on
their household expenditures are almost one eighth of the total families. Interestingly, the
income of same number (one eighth) of families is also Rs. 5,000 and below. This scenario
indicates that low-income families of the Project area do not possess any saving capacity.
Contrary to this, families who spend more than Rs. 15, 000 per month are merely 3 percent
of the total interviewed families. One can conclude that low-income families of the Project
area have no saving capacity; rather they are surviving on day-to-day basis, whereas highincome families have much more saving capacity as compared to their income.
Land Holding
Land is the major determinant of farm income and the control over land has a direct bearing
on farmers ability to earn. The information regarding the size of land holding is presented in
Table 4.13. The table indicates that majority of the respondents have very small land
holdings; almost 75 percent of the respondents have landholdings of less than 15.1 acres.
Only 15 percent have landholdings in the range of 15.1-30 acres. There is no large and
feudal farmer among the respondents; just 14 percent are having their maximum
landholding, ranging from 30.1-60 acres. The main reason for small landholding is the
fragmentation of land through a process of inheritance from one generation to other and
second is growing trend towards land selling on commercial basis. However, in most of the
cases, it is very hard for the family to sustain their livelihood over farming due to small land
holding; so the family members remain involved in other income generating activities
simultaneously.
Table 4.13:
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4

Average Land Holding Size of the Family

Holding Size
(Acres)
Up to 5
5.1-15
15.1-30
30.1-60
Total

Number of
Respondents
42
28
14
10
94

Percentage (%)
of Respondents
45
30
15
10
100

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Tenancy
Tenancy is not very common in the Project area, because agricultural land is limited;
therefore people prefer to cultivate land by themselves. However, there are instances that
people give their land on tenancy basis due to the following reasons:

Absentee Landlord

Lack of family manpower resources

Imbalance between the input and output cost

There are two types of tenancy, one to lease out the land and other on sharecropping basis.
The exact terms of its arrangements may differ from area to area. In case of leasing the
land, both the parties reach over mutual agreement regarding the price, tenure and other
land obligations. Once the owner gets the land rent, he quits from all land related matters till
the end of the agreement. The land rent is varying in Project area, ranging between
Rs. 10,000-25,000/acre on annual basis depending upon the land category.
In case of tenancy arrangement on sharecropping basis, the land and canal water are
provided by the landowner, whereas all fieldwork is undertaken by the tenants. The
preparation of land is either the responsibility of the tenant; but there are instances that cost
is shared between both the parties. If fertilizers/pesticides are used, it is common that tenant
pays in proportion of his crop share. If the tenant provides labor only, he normally receives
one-fifth of the crop product. If he arranges half of the input cost then his share increases to
50 percent. Tenancy status is given in Table 4.14.
Table 4.14:

Cultivator Status

Sr. No.

Cultivator

Number

Percentage (%)

1.

Owner

66

70

2.

Tenant

16

17

3.

Owner cum Tenant

12

13

94

100

Total

The table reveals that the owner cultivators are dominant in the Project area. It is understood
that due to small landholding, the owners prefer to cultivate land by themselves for meeting
their household expenses.
Livestock
Livestock plays an important role in the rural economy of the study area as a source of farm
power and of protein and fat as well as cash income to the rural households. The farm yard
manure produced also helps in improving the texture and fertility of soil. The livestock
rearing is made at very large scale in the Project area. Almost all the households who have

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their link with the agriculture are rearing the cattle. All the domestic animals like buffalo, cow,
calve, goat and donkey are reared in the Project area.
Grazing Rights
The vegetation along the bank of Pakpattan canal, Khadar branch, PI link canal, and
distributaries etc is usually used for grazing purpose, although the concerned department
disallows cattle entry but due to availability of water, the shepherds prefer to go there. The
agricultural fields are also used for grazing after crop harvesting which adds manure to the
fields and improving the soil fertility.
Economics of Livestock
Livestock economics includes income from meat, income from selling live heads and income
from livestock by- products such as yogurt, butter & ghee. The livestock economics is mainly
linked with the selling of milk, which is sold at large scale in the Project area, although the
animals as live heads for meat purposes are also sold in the market but on a limited scale.
The best time for selling is near Eid-ul-Azha festival when prices reach the highest level.
Social Organization
Social organization refers to group dynamics, role-playing and conflict resolution mechanism
in a given social situation aiming at functional network and linkages prevailing in the
community. The nature of social relationship and international processes provide meaningful
understanding within structure and functioning of social organizations with respect to any
development activity. The consultants carried out PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal)
studies to understand the phenomenon with respect to proposed project.
The prominent social organizations emerging at the village level are:
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)

Zakat Committee
Mosque Committee
Khal Punchyat
Punchayat (Informal Village Council)
Union Council (Formal)

Civil society and NGO


Currently, the NGOs like NRSP, PRSP, Kshaf, Industrial home social welfare, Piman, and
Plan International are working in the Project area. These NGOs are working in the
education, health, watercourse lining, embroidery, beautician, small enterprises, micro
finance, development of physical infrastructure and capacity building/trainings sectors. The
work of NGOs is appreciated by the local community and they are participating in the
activities enthusiastically.

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IEE Report

Meeting with the Officials of NGO in Vehari

Conflict Management
People are normally very docile and the existence of incidents of criminal nature is low.
However, in most of the areas, social disputes have happened but they were also of minor
nature. The conflicts of minor nature are usually resolved by the elders system while the
serious ones are referred to the police/court. There are incidents that the cases of even
serious nature, which were previously referred to police/court, were later solved through the
elder system.
Education
The most prominent issue of concern among the local population is lack of educational
facilities, as they showed dissatisfaction with existing educational facilities. Hence, parents
have to send their children to other villages and towns for education purpose. It becomes
more difficult especially to send girls to far off places for education due to poor transportation
facilities and long distance between homes and schools.
Health
The non-availability of health facilities particularly affects women and children. In almost all
localities, people complained that fatalities sometimes occur when patients are being
transferred to hospitals in the main cities. Even the staff is inadequate at the tehsil and
district level hospitals; resultantly people have to be content with the private health care
facilities. However, private treatment is not affordable for the majority of the population.
Access Roads
The population highlighted issues related to poor quality of access/link roads. They said that
due to poor quality of access or link roads, communication is very difficult especially during
the rainy season. Kacha roads severely hampered the movement of agricultural products

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and school going children and patients needing emergency treatment at hospital. They
added that provision of better transportation facilities is not possible due to bad condition of
the roads infrastructure in the area.
Unemployment
The issue related to unemployment or underemployment was largely raised by marginalized
men and women in the surveyed communities, their major concern was lack of employment
opportunities for educated youth.
4.8 GENDER ISSUES AND ANALYSIS
Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behavior, activities and attributes that a
particular society considers appropriate for men and women.
Age Group in Women
The data regarding the distribution of head of household by age categories is presented in
Table 4.15. The respondent women normally fall in the age category between 15 to 70
years. The most striking feature of the data presented is the predominance of relatively
young persons in the study area, i.e., 33 percent of the respondents were falling in the age
category of 21-30 years. Contrary to this, only seven (7) percent existed in the high age
group, while 26 and 18 percent of the head of the households are falling in the age groups of
31-40 and 41-50 respectively.
Table 4.15 Respondents age group
Sr. No
1
2
3
4
5

Age Group
15-20
21-30
31-40
41-50
Above 50
Total

Number of
respondents
32
66
52
36
14
200

Percentage
16
33
26
18
7
100

Caste System
Caste system is a type of social structure which divides people on the basis of inherited
social status. Although many societies could be described in this way, people are rigidly
expected to marry and interact with people of the same social class. Project area has a well
known example of a caste system, and various forms of caste systems can be found viz Jat.,
Gujar, Bhatti, Awan, Qureshi, Pathan, Bhutta, Kamboh, Rajput, Arain, Malik, Baloch,
Mughal, Khokhar, Kharal, and Machi.
Language of the Respondents
The women respondents were asked about their mother tongue .A significant majority of the
women, 85 percent speak Punjabi as their mother tongue and only 15 percent women are
reportedly Saraiki speaking. Detail is given in Table 4.16.

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Table 4.16 Respondents language


Sr.
No
1
2

Language
Punjabi
Saraiki
Total

Number of
respondents
170
30
200

Percentage
85
15
100

Marital Status
Table 4.17 shows that out of total 250 women respondents, 60 percent are married, 32
percent are single and only six (8) percent are reported widow. The majority of the
respondents, 48 percent got married within the age group of 15 to 20 years and rest of the
women got married at the age of 21-30 years. The field study reveals that parents are doing
their utmost to arrange the marriage of their daughters before reaching to the age of 20
years but lack of proper proposal and prevalence of poverty causes delay in marriages.
Table 4.17:
Sr.
No
1
2
3

Marital Status
Single
Married
Widow
Total

Marital Status

Number of
respondents
80
148
12
250

Percentage
32
60
8
100

Educational Status
Education is the knowledge of putting ones potentials to maximum utilization level.
Education makes man a right thinker, which guides a person for making the true decision.
Education is a basic need and requirement of human beings in all societies. It is playing
important role in socio-economic development of the country. Educational level of surveyed
women can be viewed in Table 4.18.

Table 4.18:
Sr.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Respondents Educational Level

Education
Level
Illiterate
Primary
Middle
Matric
F.A
B.A
M.A
M.Phil
Total

Number of
respondents
118
24
4
22
12
16
2

Percentage
59
12
2
11
6
8
1

200

100

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Suggestions to improve the literacy


The respondents were questioned about the suggestions to enhance the literacy rate among
the women of project area. Most of them were of the view that Government should provide
maximum educational infrastructures facilities with qualified staff and regular monitoring of
the education system. Some of the respondents opined about the provision of free education
facilities, like availability of books/uniforms by the government and waiving of school fees
etc. The respondents also suggested the initiation of awareness campaign by relevant
organizations to mobilize the community in connection with the importance of education. The
respondents also suggested that favorable attitude of teacher/parents can play an important
role in the regard.
Vocational Training
Provision of vocational trainings can easily enhance the skills / capabilities of individuals
which lead to increase the level of income as a whole. But in the study area government has
not made even a single effort for the establishment of vocational training institution. The
study reveals that 57 percent respondents were permitted to get technical training outside
the village boundary whereas 43 percent women were not allowed by their families for
learning skills beyond their specific village. The good point is that all the respondents were in
favor of vocational training.
Occupational Status and income level
The occupational status and income level of the women respondents is presented in Table
4.19 which indicates that majority of the respondents are house wives, taking care of their
families. On the other hand a marginal group, 15 percent of respondents, is working in both
field and offices. These working ladies are affiliated with different occupations like medical,
nursing, and teaching. Women are also either engaged in labor work or employed in private
sectors. Table 4.19 below also indicates that women are represented equally in each income
category.

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IEE Report

A View of meeting with the cotton pickers

Table 4.19 Occupational and income level of respondents


Sr.
No
1
2
1
2
3
4
5

Number of
Percentage
respondents
House Wives
170
85
Working Women
30
15
Total
200
100
Income Level of Respondents in rupees
1000-2000
8
4
2001-5000
6
3
5001-10000
4
2
10001-15000
6
3
Above 15000
6
3
Total
30
15
Occupation

Power of Spending the Money


The womens monetary power was checked through the question if they were authorized to
spend their money. The majority (75 percent) of the respondents said that they had no
compulsion and could spend money as per their wishes while the remaining 25 percent
responded that they could spend the money only with the consultation of their male or elder
women, most preferably mother in law.

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IEE Report

STUDY OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

The analysis of alternatives for the project is a vital part of the environmental assessment
process as it gives the opportunity to review and assess different ways of meeting the
project objectives so that the environmental impact of the project is minimal. The following
options/alternatives were analyzed for the assessment of strengths and weaknesses of the
proposed project:
No Project Option (Worst Case Scenario)
Constructing New Canal System.
Rehabilitation & Upgrading Existing Canal System.
5.1 NO PROJECT OPTION (WORST CASE SCENARIO OPTION)
Strength and Opportunities
There will be no adverse social impacts as no land will be taken from private/illegal
settlers and for immigrating new settlers.
The recurring cost of the Project will be avoided.
The irrigation system downstream of the canal command area (CCA) of Pakpattan
Canal shall not be interrupted due to project activities.
Loss of agriculture land which may be required for the borrowing area and contractors
facilities will be avoided.
Weakness and Threats
The aging process along with inadequate/deferred maintenance has contributed to a
general deterioration of different components/structures and heavy damages to the
regulating gates and hoisting equipment. Any serious damage to the canal can result in
colossal losses in the form of total or partial disruption of irrigation supplies, non/lessproduction of agricultural crops within the canals command area, loss of government
revenue, rehabilitation cost of emergency repairs, thus adversely affecting the national
economy in additional to human sufferings beside multitude of social and
environmental hazards.
There will be loss of property and agricultural land due to uncontrolled breaching along
the weakened and damaged banks of the canal.
The local population shall be denied employment and training during project
construction phase and later through escalated economic activities.
Around 13,900 Acres of land, property and infrastructure may be flooded in the event
of high flood such as the one that occurred in 1988.

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IEE Report

CONSTRUCTING NEW CANAL

Strength and Opportunities


Maximum use of available water with improved and upgraded irrigation system.
Employment and training opportunities for the local population which will provide them
life time benefits.
Improve the socioeconomic conditions of the area due to new road bridges and other
infrastructure of the canal system.
Weaknesses and Threats
Higher adverse social impacts as hundreds of existing shops, houses, canal rest house
situated along existing canal need to be demolished or relocated.
Adverse environmental impacts on flora and fauna of the area including uprooting of
thousands of trees, destruction of fishery habitat and destruction of agriculture land.
Wastage of existing canal and resources.
Financially not viable.
5.3

REHABILITATION OF EXISTING CANAL SYSTEM (SELECTED OPTION FOR


DETAIL DESIGN)

Strength and Opportunities


About 32,483 acres of crop area will be increased due to rehabilitation of main canal
(upper & lower) and Khadir Branch.
Main town and villages and thousands of agricultural land will be saved from flood
damages in the event of high flood in Sutlej River.
Employment and training opportunities for local population which will provide them life
time benefits.
Enhance Bio-diversity with new plantation and develop Public Parks along the canal.
Repair or provide new road bridges across the canal and accommodate the local
community and farmers. This will raise the socioeconomic condition of the area.
Significantly lower cost compared to other option.
Weaknesses and Threats
Temporary adverse environmental impacts during construction phase e.g. dust, noise.
55 No. of houses falling within the work area along the canal banks need to be relocated.
5.4 CONCLUSION
No project option is rejected because the feasibility study conducted concludes that the
canal system needs to be rehabilitated and is unsafe for continued use in the present
condition. The structural failure of any component could cause colossal losses in the form of
human life, crop, property, wildlife and irrigation set up. Construction of new canal system

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option has been rejected on the basis of higher adverse environmental and social impacts
besides being not viable financially. Rehabilitation of the existing canals is considered the
best option in respect of environmental & social aspects. The work scheme also provides the
most cost effective solution of the problems identified in feasibility and design calculations.

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IEE Report

PUBLIC CONSULTATION

6.1 GENERAL
Timely and broad-based stakeholder involvement is an essential element for an effective
environmental assessment, as it is linked with Project Planning, appraisal and development
in general. Public involvement during Environmental Assessment (EA) has a tendency to
improve project design environmental soundness and social acceptability. A meaningful
consultation is also a requirement for ADB projects under ADBs SPS 2009.
6.2
6.2.1

CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY
Stakeholder Identification

They were grouped into the following main categories


i.
Local Communities
ii.

Government & Local Government Bodies

iii.

Civil Societies

iv.

Private Sector Bodies

The groups or institutions identified as stakeholder under each category were listed below:
1.

2.

Local Communities
a)

Local labour (landless)

b)

Farmers of all land holding categories

c)

Fishing communities

d)

Female-head household

e)

Small business owner

Government

There can be many departments who can be indirectly related to the project but those who
have high relevance include;
f)

Punjab Irrigation Department (including both top and low ranked officers and
staff)

3.

g)

Punjab Forest Department, Wildlife, Fisheries Department

h)

EPA

Civil Society Institution that may have relevance to the Project includes various
NGOs working for the construction and social development

4.

Private sector bodies can be commercial e.g. plantation manager, fishing contractors
etc

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6.2.2 Consultation Process and Technology


Public Consultation has been conducted during the early stage, reconnaissance survey and
the preparation of IEE. Consultation with stakeholders will also be carried out throughout the
Project cycle by different members of the team at different stages of the study. Consultation
process includes focus group discussion, village meetings and semi-structured interviews
and one to one meeting or interviews in the case of government, private and civil society
institutions. During the consultation process, the stakeholders were briefed about the project
objectives and scope. Their fears and suggestions were recorded. Women consultation was
undertaken, under Gender analysis and they were explained about the benefits of the
project.
All meetings and discussion were held during day time on working days to ensure the
availability and participation of the group/individual being consulted. The consultation is
sensitive to the local language and cultural needs and wherever expatriate staff is involved
local interpreters were used, as the staff observed local norms.
Table 6.1:
Sr. #

List of Officials Contacted

Official Name

Title

Phone #

Iftikhar Ahmad Dogara

Chief Engineer Multan


Division, Irrigation Dept.

0619200144

Shaikh Nawaz

Superintending Engineer
Pakpattan Canal, Irrigation
Dept.

0409200217

Javaid Iqbal

XEN. Pakpattan, Irrigation


Dept.

0457373878

Maqbool Bhatti

XEN. Sulemanki Barrage

0444780155

Muhammad Afzal Usmani

SDO Sulemanki Barrage

03006059754

Rizwana Anjum

Deputy Director SEMU


(Social & Environmental
Monitoring Unit), Irrigation

042-9250183

Dr. M. Azher Javed

Assisstant Land Reclamation


Officer

042-99250181

Faiz Ahmad Khichi

District Officer; Water


Management Office, Vehari

0673362806

Muhammad Irshad

Assistant Agriculture
Engineer, Water
Management Office, Vehari

0673364806

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Sr. #

a.

IEE Report

Official Name

Title

Phone #

10

Faheem Naseem

District Officer Environment,


Vehari

03336878606

11

Rana Safdar

District Officer Environment,


Pakpattan

03026948139

12

Abdul Qayyum

District Officer Environment,


Okara

0442529824

13

Abdul Rauf

District Officer Environment


Lodhran

03007828186

14

Dr. M Azher Javed

Assistant Land Reclamation


Officer

042-9250181

15

Zahid Farooq

District Officer Wildlife Vehari

0673362729

16

Muhammad Rafie

District Officer Wildlife Okara

0300 7532980

17

Rana Riasat Ali

District Officer Fisheries


Vehari

042-9211695

18

Sohail Anwar

District Officer Fisheries


Okara

19

Khurshid Ahmad

Fisheries Watcher Okara

20

Munzor Ahmad

21

Abdul Shakaur Manj

22

Muhammad Nadim Zafar

Block Officer Forestry Vehari

23

Miss Uzma Khan

Manager Conservation WWF

24

Nasim-ur-Rehman Syed

EPA, Deputy Director (EIA)

042-9232228

25

Muhammad Khurram
Agha

DCO, Vehari

0673362122

26

M.P. Gondal

Punjab Rural Support


Program (PRSP)

0333 5218915

Fishing Contractor, Pakpattan


head regulator
District Officer Forestry
Pakpattan

03004581753

Meetings with Public Members

Members of public and their representatives were also consulted to introduce the Project
formally to the local community and get their opinion about the Project. Gender study was
also carried out to include the women of the community in this survey.

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6.3
1.

IEE Report

OBJECTIVES ACHIEVED WITH THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION


Allay the scare that the canals will remain closed outside the routine closure period
during the construction period. It was clarified that due measures will be taken that
canals would run as per usual program and canal closure will take place only under
the routine notified canal closure program.

2.

No change would ordinarily be made in existing capacity of canals during


construction phase, so no impact is anticipated on the canal command area. It was
explained that project aimed at rehabilitating the Main Pakpattan Canal, Khadir
Branch and PI Link Canal through the strengthening of the canals embankments,
structures and dredging the silt or debris from the canal bed.

3.

Resettlement Plan (RP) will be prepared to facilitate the affectees and submitted to
the authorities under different cover.

4.

Allay the fears that large number of workers and labour will be brought by the
contractor from outside the project area and assure them that job opportunities
generated by the project shall be availed by project area inhabitants.

5.

It was clarified that no access roads or public paths will be damaged or altered for the
contractor(s) activities i.e. labour camp, material depot, machinery yard etc.

6.

Fishermen believed that construction activities would not entail adverse effects on
fishing industry as fishing activities can be re-scheduled to avoid interference with
construction activities.

7.

The locals apprehended that road and kacha paths within the project areas would be
exposed to the heavy traffic due to Project activities. This could increase road
accidents and deteriorate the roads. It was clarified that traffic management plan
would be put into operation to minimize the impacts.

The following points were raised in favor of acceptance of the project:


a)

Greater employment opportunity was welcome.

b)

Greater economic activity will alleviate poverty.

c)

Pakpattan Canal System will be saved and given longer base of life and thus
the dependent agriculture.

d)

Present level of services i.e. electricity, communication, schooling, water


supply etc. are likely to improve.

e)

New Public Park(s) will be developed to attract visitors in the area and have
positive effect on the local economy.

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Figure 6.1:

Cities and Towns along the Pakpattan Canal

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Plate 6.1:

Public Consultation along Khadir Baranch (near town Sahka)

Plate 6.2:

Stakeholder Consultation at Water Management Office Vehari

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

6.4

IEE Report

CONSULTATION AND DISCUSSION DURING IMPLEMENTATION

6.4.1 Public Hearing


In case of an EIA submitted to EPA. The public hearing provides a forum for the post
submission consultation on the EIA. The Punjab EPA within 10 days of the submission of the
EIA publish a public notice in any English or Urdu national newspaper and in a local news
paper for general circulation of the area affected by the project.
During project implementation the consultation of the local community occur at many forums
by different members of the project. These consultations are done during construction &
operational phase of the project, for capacity building and implementing agricultural
extension. These consultations provide the forum continuously gathering concerns of the
local communities during project implementation.
The public hearing for Pakpattan Canal was conducted on 17th January, 2012 at Canal Rest
House Pakpattan. Relevant people and concerned stakeholders including EPA, PID, Forest,
Wildlife and Fisheries Department and general public was invited and encouraged to
participate. People response and the consultant replies were submitted to EPA and attached
in Annex 6.1.
On the basis of public hearing, two more sites were suggested to develop public parks along
Pakpattan Main Canal. Therefore, Environmental Management Cost was revised and
updated cost is included in Environmental Management Plan (Chapter 8 of IEE).
6.5

Grievance Redress Mechanism

This section describes mechanism (which will be notified after the approval of LARP) to
receive and facilitate the resolution of DPs concerns and grievances. This explains the
procedures and process of entering the complaints of DPs including women and accordingly
their redressal mechanism. DPs will be fully informed of their rights and of the procedures for
addressing complaints whether verbally or in writing during a continuous consultations
process during the LARP as well as project implementation. It is preferred that DPs/ local
community will need to enter their complaints/ concerns on a Grievance Redress Register
(GRR) consisting the minimum information of name and address of complainer (s),
description of complaint (s), action taken, status of resolution of complaints and other
necessary information/ record and also record the reasons if issue (s) remain un-settled.
However, all relevant efforts will be made to avoid/ or minimize the extent of grievances prior
to treat under the redress process. This can be obtained through the practicable LAR design
and implementation, by ensuring full participation and consultation with the DPs, and by

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establishing extensive communication and coordination program between the community,


the PMU, the DO (Revenue)/ LAC and other concerned Departments.
The GRC will include the following members:
GRC Composition
i). Concerned Executive Engineer/ DD (PID)
ii). DO (Revenue)/ LAC

Member

iii) DD (Environment)

Member

iii). DD (Resettlement)

Member

iv). DD (Social Mobilization)

Member

v). Representative of DPC

Member

Convener

To minimize the discomfort of the DPs, the GRC will be available at grass-root level to both
DPs and local community. The PIU will be responsible to inform the DPs/ local community
about the process and procedures of GR mechanism by pasting the information at prominent
places. The complaints will be registered by maintaining a Grievance Redress Register
(GRR), where the name & address of complainer, date, description of complaint and action
taken will be entered.
The payments relating to the land compensation will be made through the DO (R)/ LAC,
while for other assets/ losses and allowances, the payment of compensation will be made
directly from the PMU (PID).
Similarly, the issues/ community concerns relating to the land will be addressed through the
Revenue department (LAC) and or can also be referred to GRC, while issues other than land
will be directly redressed by the PIU at field level (District) and can also be placed with GRC.
If issues are still unsettled, will be forwarded to the PD (PMU) and finally consult an
appropriate court of law.
Grievance Redress Process
The process of grievance redress is discussed through as below:
i). First, complaint resolution will be attempted at site (field level) by the PIU, DPs/

DPC, or informal committee;


ii). If the issue still unsettled, a grievance can then be lodged to the GRC who will have

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14 days to decide the case/ issue.


iii). If no solution reached, the grievance can be forwarded to the Project Director (PMU).

DP (s) (must lodge the complaint within one month of lodging the original complaint
with the GRC, and must produce documents supporting his/ her claim. The PD
(PMU) will provide the decision within 3 weeks after registering a complaint. The
decision will be in compliance with the LARF provision as well.
iv). In case, the grievance redress system does not satisfy the DFs/ DPs, then they can

pursue further by submitting their case to the appropriate court of law in accordance
with the Section 18 to 22 of the LAA 1894.

6.5

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

6.5.1 Management Responsibilities


Overall responsibility for environmental management will rest on PMU of the Punjab
Irrigation Department, Government of the Punjab.
i.

The Executing Agency

ii.

Supervising and Monitoring :

PMU of Punjab Irrigation Department (PID)


Environmental Unit of PMU.

Agency
iii.

iv.

General Assistance to all :

Head PMU/The Project Director, PID will

above agencies in their

facilitate communications, logistics and data

respective tasks

collection as and when required.

Logistic Support

Head PMU/The Project Director, PID shall


provide the logistic support and shall be the
focal point for the construction activity.

(i)
Project Management Unit (PMU)
The overall responsibility for the implementation of Environmental management/Monitoring
Plan rests with the Project Management Unit (PMU) along with the assistance of
Environmental Unit (EU) of PMU. The EU consists of Director Environment & Sociology,
Deputy Director Environment and Deputy Director Sociology.
PMU will assume overall responsibility for ensuring:
That while executing the contract and undertaking the construction all environmental
norms, regulations and requirements promulgated by Pakistan Environmental
Protection

Council

(PEPC),

Pakistan

Environmental

Protection

Act

(PEPA),

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Punjab and environmental safeguard policies


of Asian Development Bank , with respect to the work site and adjacent areas are fully
respected and implemented.
Overall responsibility for implementation of EMP.

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Ensure that Contractor and Construction Supervision Consultants appoint a dedicated


environmental officer and allied staff. PMU will also ensure that all environmental
personnel are authorized to implement the socio- environmental policies and
requirements of the EMP.
Coordinate with relevant government departments and stakeholders on concerned
socio-environmental issues.
Inspect and monitor residual impacts of the rehabilitation work and observe
documentation of the impacts during the construction phase.
Inspect the significance of impact in case of unanticipated change in the project.
Construction Supervision Consultants will assist and advise PMU in implementation of EMP.
(ii)

Environment Unit (EU) of PMU


The Environmental Unit (EU) within PMU will monitor Project performance.

The EU will function in coordination with the Construction Supervision Consultants


and will receive reports from them on behalf of PMU.

EU will prepare and submit periodical Progress and Monitoring Reports to all
stakeholders as per their schedules. In this task they will seek assistance/ guidance
from Construction Supervision Consultants as and when required.

(iii)
Head PMU/The Project Director
The Project Director shall provide or arrange the logistics including communication, transport
and accommodation to all visiting persons/teams experts from any of the above monitoring
units and shall coordinate with the contractor(s) to facilitate the visits/inspections.
(iv)
Contractor
The contractor will be responsible for implementation of the project EMP. The contractor will
ensure that EMP for the project is implemented fully and must be integrated into the Project
implementation and made integral part of the contract document. For any default damages
so caused will be remediated by the contractor at his own cost and expenses. In case the
contractor fails to rectify the damage the employer will remediate at the risk and cost of the
contractor. The amount will be determined by the Construction Supervision Consultants
which will be adjusted from amount due to the contractor. The contractor will also be
responsible for communicating with and training of his staff in environmental aspects and
implementation of the EMP. The contractor will develop and get approved Health, Safety &
Environment

(HSE)

Plan

from

Construction

Supervision

Consultants

before

the

commencement of the Physical works on site.


(v)
Construction Supervision Consultants
The construction supervision consultants will be responsible to ensure quality of work and

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fulfilment of contractual obligations. Environmental Specialist of the construction supervision


consultants will ensure that all the environmental and social provisions comply with the
applicable standards. He/She will confirm that the day-to-day construction activities are
carried out in environment friendly manner and periodic environmental training programmes
and workshops are organized for the consultants and contractors staff.
Project Organizational Structure
The organizational structure for the environment management / monitoring implementation is
shown below. The role of the organization is described in exhibit 1.

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Organizational Chart for EMP Implementation

Project Management Unit


(PMU)
Project Director (PD)

Director
(Engineering)

Design and Construction


Supervision Consultants

Director
(Safeguards)

Deputy
Director
(Environment
)

Deputy
Director
(Community
Relations)

Deputy
Director
(Resettlement
)

Environmental
Specialist

Deputy
Director
(Social
Safeguards)

Jr.
Environmentalist

PMU Support
Consultants

Contractor

Environmental
Specialist
(International)

Environmental
Manager

Environmental
Specialist
(National)

Environmental
Inspector

6.6 SOCIAL COMPLAINTS REGISTER


The consultants environmental team will maintain a social complaint register at camp site
office to document all complaints received from the local communities. The register will also
record the measures taken to mitigate these concerns. The final report will be communicated
to Environmental section of PMU. The Project Monitoring team shall carry out the monitoring
of the implementation of social and environmental mitigation measures as per ADB
Safeguard Policy Statement. The details of Grievance Redress Mechanism related with
social issues of the project are provided in the RAP.

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7.

IEE Report

IMPACT ASSESSMENT, MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES

This chapter discusses the potential impacts of the Pakpattan canal rehabilitation and upgrading works which have been identified through the use of standard checklists, and expert
knowledge and experience. The impacts identified were assessed for their significance
keeping in mind their consequences, reversibility, occurrence, duration, location, timing etc.
The evaluation of environmental & social impacts has been summarized in Table 7.1.
7.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT SOURCES
Environmental impacts and social impacts attributed to the Project can be broadly classified
into three main groups:
Impacts during design phase
Impacts during construction phase
Impacts during operational/post construction phase
Some of the impacts can be anticipated and avoided at design stage with appropriate
adjustment in the Project Design, some can be mitigated by good implementation techniques
and others by following the operational manual.
Potential adverse environmental impacts of the project on the physical, biological and socioeconomic environment during design, construction and operational phases have been
identified. Measures to mitigate these impacts and their residual impact have also been
discussed.
Table 7.1 summarizes the potential impacts associated with the canal rehabilitation project.
The physical, biological, cultural and social impacts have been discussed under preconstruction (design phase), construction and operational phase. This is further analysis of
the impacts caused on soil, water, Air, Biodiversity and Social set up. Each component has
been assessed as slight, moderate or significant. As a result of this analysis, certain
mitigation measures have been suggested. The impacts have been marked as avoidable,
mitigable and irreversible. ADBs Rapid Environmental Assessment checklist is included in
Appendix 7.1.

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Table 7.1 (sheet 1): Evaluation of Environmental & Social Impacts

Category

Impact
Slight
Moderate
Significant
1* 2** 3*** 1* 2** 3*** 1* 2** 3***

Impact Assessment

1. Design Phase
1.1

Impact of Weed on
Canal water quality

1.2

Damage
Bank

to

Canal

2. Construction Phase
2.1
Physical
Environment
2.2
2.3
Land
Resources

2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8

Hydrology
and Water
Resources

2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13

*
**
***

Impacts of Waste
Disposal site
Impacts of Borrow
areas
Damage to Paths,
Access Roads and
Cross Drains
Impacts of Crushed
Stone Transport
Impacts of
oil/chemical Spill or
Dumping out outside
designated area
Impact of Canal
Widening
Contamination from
Diesel and Other Spill
etc from Machinery
Agricultural land or
crop destruction
Drinking Water &
Wastewater Impacts
Contamination of
surface water due to
Electrical/Mechanical
Work
Impact of Extended
Canal Closure
Impact of Road
Bridge Construction
Impact on Source of
Construction Water

/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/

Avoidable through design


Mitigation through contractors obligation or by communities through social framework
agreement (SAF)
Non-reversible, Permanent change (to be adopted)

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Table 7.1 (sheet 2): Evaluation of Environmental & Social Impacts


Impact
Category

Impact Assessment

Slight
1*

2**

Moderate
3**
*

1*

2*
*

Significant
3***

1*

2**

2. Construction Phase
Physical
Environment
Air Quality
Noise

Biological
Environment

2.14

Dust Smoke and other


Pollutants from Plants &
Equipments

2.15

Smoke from Burning of Waste


material or Burning Firewood

2.16

Impact on Air Quality from


Earth Work Activities

2.17

Noise Pollution from


Construction Activities

2.18

Disturbance to Wildlife

2.19

Damage to Biological
Resources
Impacts due to Land
Acquisition
Social Impact on Local
Population due to Migrating
Labour from other parts of the
Country
HIV/AIDS and other
Communicable Diseases
Impacts on Existing Services;
education, health, electricity
and water supply etc.
Impacts of finding
Archaeological site,
Graveyard etc
Impact on Public Health &
Safety due to Construction
activities

2.20

Socio
Economic

2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25

*
**
***

2.26

Impact on Employment

2.27

Tribal Tension and local


rivalries on canal and aquatic
life

/
/
/

/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/

Avoidable through design


Mitigation through contractors obligation or by communities through social framework
agreement (SAF)
Non-reversible, Permanent change (to be adopted)

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Table 7.1 (sheet 3): Evaluation of Environmental & Social Impacts


Impact
Category

Impact Assessment

Slight

Moderate

Significant

1* 2** 3*** 1* 2** 3*** 1* 2** 3***


3. Post Construction
Impacts due to non Monitoring 3.1
application
of
the
and
prescribed O&M plan
Evaluation
as per
Operational
Continuous evaluation of
3.2
Manual
design efficiency
and
Monitoring
Plan
*
Avoidable through design
**

***

7.2

Mitigation through contractors obligation or by communities through social framework


agreement (SFA)
Non-reversible, Permanent change (to be adopted)

IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING DESIGN PHASE

7.2.1 Weed in Canal Water


Adverse Environmental Impact:
Weed in canal water deteriorate canal water quality. Decomposition of the weed in canal
water raises the BOD of the water and adversely affects the aquatic environment. It also
clogs in the canal and reduce its efficiency.
Mitigations Measures:
We should be removed mechanically, manually or any suitable measure approved by the
department at the specified locations.
7.2.2 Damage to Canal Banks
Adverse Environmental Impacts:
The aging process along with inadequate / deferred maintenance has been contributed to
general deterioration of the structural integrity of the canal banks. Breach in damaged canal
bank could cause significant damages.
Mitigation measures
Strengthening the canal banks by increasing its height and width where required.
Undertake new plantation at the available area along the banks
Rehabilitate the existing cattle ghat.

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7.3

IEE Report

IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

7.3.1

Physical Environment

(a)

Land Resources

7.3.1.1

Impacts of Waste Disposal Site

Adverse Environmental Impacts:


Inadequate disposal of waste could contaminate the land. If the waste is not handled
properly it could be a nuisance and cause of diseases. Domestic waste contains high
percentage of readily degradable hydrocarbons which release bad odor when decomposition
occurs especially in hot and humid conditions. Construction waste classified as inert waste,
could pose a problem for disposal.
Mitigation Measures:
All waste from the construction activities should be disposed on PID land and
according to the Waste Management Plan which will be a part of the EMP.
Domestic waste generated at the contractor camp and site offices to be collected and
temporarily stored at the designated bonded area within the camp area before
transportation off site.
A temporary domestic waste storage area to be prepared, maintained and visually
inspected on a regular basis by the contractor to prevent adjacent land from
contamination.
The location of construction waste disposal site to be such that no tree cutting, crop
destruction or private land acquisition occurs.
Construction waste not to be mixed with domestic waste as the construction waste
could be reused as a fill material or disposed off separately.
Residual Adverse Impact:
The waste storage area will attract animals and spread a foul odor in the surrounding area.
7.3.1.2

Impacts of Borrow Areas

Adverse Environmental Impact:


Additional soil required for the strengthening of canal banks will be excavated from the
designated area (Borrow Area). The contractor shall obtain approval from Consultants
Environmental Specialist and PMU for using any site as Borrow Area. The excavation
activities could have adverse environmental impacts including soil erosion, drainage
problem, threatening of stability of existing structures, and impact on the health and safety of
the workers and local population. As such these activities need to be undertaken with
absolute care as provided in the contract specification.

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Mitigation Measures:
Soil required for revamping of retired embankment and other works would be preferably
obtained from available government land. If soil is required to be lifted from private
owned land, then the owner(s) of the land will be duly compensated.
The contractor will ensure that the selected borrow areas are clearly demarcated, and
indicate the maximum allowable depth of the pit before the soil is excavated.
No soil will be excavated outside the demarcated area. If unexpected soil or strata is
found during excavation at the site then excavation must be stopped immediately, and
the environmentalist and site manager should be informed as soon as possible.
The edges of the pits should be given flat slopes and area should be leveled as far as
possible when the excavation is complete.
Barren or infertile land will be preferred for use as a borrow area than agricultural land.
If the agricultural land along the embankments needs to be used as a borrow area then
the following additional measurements will be undertaken by the contractor:

Excavate at least 50ft away from the toe of the embankments

Remove 6 inches of the topsoil and store on a separate site for its re-spread back on
the leveled borrow area

Excavate up to maximum of 3 feet

Level slopes as far as possible

Place the topsoil back on reasonably leveled area

Residual Adverse Impact:


Uneven topography will be generated due to excavating land.
7.3.1.3 Damage to Paths, Access Roads and Cross Drains
Adverse Environmental Impact:
Infrastructure (road, drains etc) could be damaged through carelessness of the
drivers/operators of heavy machinery. Such carelessness can cause considerable damage
to paths, road and drains if the drivers/operators are not made aware, trained and bound to
protect the infrastructure.
Mitigation Measures:
Effective sign-posting can reinforce safe driving instructions to the drivers for example
maximum load limit, type of vehicle allowed, speed limit etc.
It is the Contractors contractual obligation to impose strict control over operators and
drivers of all types of vehicles.
Should any damage take place, the contractor is obligated to carry out repair work
immediately.
Enforce the maximum speed limit for site traffic to 20 km/hour.

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7.3.1.4

Impacts of Oil/Chemical Spill or Dumping outside any Building or House near the
Project Area
Inadequate storage and mobilizing of material on site could cause accidental spills or
leakages. Dumping of waste material or spillage at the private land or outside the designated
area will contaminate the land and water resources. The owner(s) of the land may be
compensated by the contractor.
Mitigation Measures:
It is the Contractors Contractual obligation to design, construct and maintain material
storage areas.
All material mobilization should be controlled and carried out by competent staff.
All loading and unloading of the materials should be appropriately planned.
The material storage area should be bounded.
Spill kits, including absorbing pad, sand bags etc, should be available at material storage
area.
In case of damage to private land, the land owner(s) should be compensated.
7.3.1.5 Impacts of Crushed Stone Transport
Adverse Environmental Impact:
Stones shall be brought from Sargodha District, so no quarrying has to be done locally. But
the vehicles carrying the stones shall exert additional traffic load on the roads leading to the
project area. By keeping the road dust free and repaired, the impact shall be mitigated.
Mitigation Measures:
It is the Contractors contractual obligation to use the roads and paths carefully and in case
of any damage, repair the damaged roads and paths immediately.
Undertake regular spraying of water on traffic routes and places prone to cause dust
pollution.
7.3.1.6 Impacts of Canal Widening
Adverse Environmental Impact:
Widening the canal may cause uprooting of trees along the canal. Types of trees found
along the canal mainly consist of Kiker and Shesham and no rare or protected flora were
found. Therefore uprooting of tree could be compensated with new plantation in the area and
there will not be cause significant adverse impact of the uprooting of tree.
Mitigation Measures:
The exact number of trees, if required to be uprooted, must be determined and the Forest
department informed minimum one month before the removal of tree is required.
Every tree uprooted on site for the execution of work should be replaced with the plantation
of a minimum of five new trees.

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7.3.1.7 Contamination from Oil & Diesel and Other Spill from Construction Machinery
The dumping site for waste material or empty containers can damage land with associated
physical, biological and social losses. This impact can be mitigated through effective
application of maximum spill regulations, general criteria for oil and breakage at construction
sites, as per standards set forth by Oil Spill Contingency Plan of PKP Exploration Ltd,
Guidelines for Oil Spill Waste Minimization and Management issued by International
Petroleum Industry, Environmental Conservation Association and with mitigation measures
described below.
(i)
Minor Spills
Soil contaminated by minor spills/leakages (defined as leaks from vehicles, machinery,
equipment or storage containers such that the area and depth of soil contaminated is less
than one (1) sq.ft and three (3) inches respectively) is to be scraped and sent to a burn pit
(incinerator).
(ii)
Moderate Spills
Moderate spills are defined as spills of volume less than or equal to 200 litres. These are to
be contained and controlled using shovels, sand, absorbing mat and native soil. These
equipments and materials are to be made available at camp sites during the operation (Spill
Kit). The contaminated soil will be excavated and sent to the treatment site such as
bioremediation or solidification/stabilization (S/S). The excavated area will be lined with an
impermeable base before being filled with clean soil.
(iii)
Major Spills
Major spills are defined as spills of volume greater than 200 litres.

This would require

indication of Emergency Response Procedure and Oil Spill Contingency Plan to be prepared
by the Contractor in consultation with the Engineer. These spills are to be handled and
controlled by a specialized contractor to clean the site.
Mitigation Measures:
All the oil based material should be stored in the designated bounded area.
The Spill Kit should be available on site to handle small spills on site.
Good house keeping will minimize accidental spills.
All loading and unloading of material should be supervised and carried out in accordance
with an appropriate plan.
Empty drums of the fuel should be handled with care as some material may be left over
in the drums or container.
All the liquid material or fuel should be stored well away from any control water body i.e.
river, canal, etc.

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(b) Hydrology and Water Resources


7.3.1.8 Water Supply System & Wastewater Treatment Impacts
Adverse Environmental Impact:
Pumping groundwater from the major aquifer for water supply for the contractors camp shall
neither cause any significant change in the groundwater reservoir, nor in the river or canals,
which in fact recharge the reservoir. The impact can be considered as slight and temporary.
The contractor should tap the underground reservoir and install hand pumps or tube wells
with an overhead water tank to supply water to the site workers at appropriate pressure.
Wastewater generated from the contractors camp should be appropriately treated before
discharge to water body or re-use for agriculture purpose. There are plenty of examples of
successful systems using wastewater for agriculture. Domestic wastewater is expected to be
contaminated with pathogens. Many factors affect the degree to which the potential risk due
to the presence of pathogens in wastewater can become an actual risk of disease
transmission and pose a health risk to consumers and workers (farmers). The following
situation can have an adverse impact on human health:
1. Either an infective dose of an active pathogen reaches the field or pond or the pathogen
multiplies in the field or pond to form an infective dose.
2. The infective dose reaches a human host.
3. The host becomes infected
4. The infection causes disease or further transmission.
Mitigation Measures:
It is the responsibility of contractor to test and confirm the suitability of groundwater
before its supply for domestic use.
The depth of extraction well should be increased until the quality of groundwater meets
the WHO standards or the Filtration Unit can be installed by the contractor to achieve
WHO standards.
Four main measures are recommended to be considered to protect health; waste water
reuse, waste water treatment, crop restriction, control of wastewater application and
exposure and promotion of hygiene of those waste water treatment plants.
It is the responsibility of the contractor to set up a suitable and appropriate wastewater
collection and disposal system.
Method and level of treatment of wastewater depends upon the anticipated use of the
effluent. In view of the expected use of treated water for agriculture purposes,
treatment at primary level will be cost effective. It is therefore proposed that lined septic
tanks with bypass arrangement for rainwater be provided in the contractors camp with
about three days storage capacity of wastewater.

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To keep the cost to a minimum it is recommended to install a partial wastewater


treatment system, using lined septic tanks, as well as crop restriction control measure
for reuse of wastewater in agriculture. The septic tank should not be deeper than 4m to
avoid anaerobic degradation of the organic compound of wastewater. Treatment by
underground septic tank for about 3 to 4 days retention removes most of helminth eggs
sufficiently to protect the health of agriculture workers and consumers.
If the waste water is discharged into the control water body i.e. river or canal then it is
the contractors contractual obligation to confirm that the effluent meets the NEQS
levels. Provision of underground septic tank is a preliminary treatment and reduces the
total suspended solids (TSS) concentration to the acceptable level; however it may not
reduce BOD up to the required level. Therefore it is suggested that, if required, an
aeration treatment system should be emplaced to meet the BOD level before the
discharge of the effluent into the river, canal.
The treated domestic sewage should be tested on regular basis before it is pumped
into the river, canal or used for agricultural purposes.
Residual Adverse Impact:
It is envisaged that the groundwater level could temporarily drop locally due to
continuous pumping of water during construction phase of the project.
Bacterial removal with three days retention of wastewater in the stabilization pond will be
sufficient to reduce but would not completely eliminate the risk to consumers of
vegetable crops. Crops restriction will therefore be essential, if the effluent is used for
agriculture.
7.3.1.9

Contamination of Surface Water Due to Electrical/Mechanical Works

Adverse Environmental Impacts


As most of the electrical / mechanical work is to be performed at the canals structure, any
accidental spill of material could be devastating for the aquatic environment.
Mitigation Measures
All temporary structure should be designed and built after receiving Engineers
approval.
Daily Inspection should be carried out at the work area before the start of every
working shift.
Good house keeping should be maintained to avoid any accidental spill or falling of
objects in to the canal.
Oil based material should be kept in a bunded browser or container.
Electrical equipment should be handled with extra care.

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Provide proper PPE (personal protected equipment) for all the workers as a
precaution against any mishap, and interlink various parts of the construction
complex.
7.3.1.10 Impacts of Extended Canal Closure
Adverse Environmental Impacts
Gate repair work, installation of the hoisting system and road bridge construction may
require the closure of canals. Non availability of the canal water could adversely affect crops
within the canal command area. However, all work that requires the canal to be closed will
be arranged during routine canal closure or diversion channels will be constructed during
construction work, therefore no extended canal closure will be required. During site visits it
has been observed that the people living within the canal command area do not use canal
water for drinking purpose. The canal water is primarily used for agricultural purposes and at
a few places within the canal command area for domestic clothes washing.
Mitigation Measures:
All the activities that require canal closure will only be undertaken during the annual
routine closure of the canals.
If work that requires canal closure needs to be carried out during the period in which the
canal is open, then a temporary channel must be constructed to ensure that the canals
run routinely during the execution of work.
7.3.1.11 Impacts from Infrastructure Construction Activities
Adverse Environmental Impacts
The construction of a road bridge, canal bank strengthening, regulating structure etc will be
included in the rehabilitation work of the canal. The existing infrastructure found at the canal
is deteriorated and requires repair work. It is anticipated that during construction activities,
ambient air quality could deteriorate due to dust, noise and machinerys exhaust emission.
Mitigation Measures:
The contractor must provide a temporary route during bridge construction and the route
should be adequate for the existing traffic and construction site traffic. It must be
designed by a competent contractor.
Rural roads leading to or passing near the construction sites could be used for
transporting men and materials to the construction site.
It is the contractors obligation to use the roads and other paths carefully and repair the
roads in case of any damage.
Air quality should be monitored on a regular basis through certified 3rd party to ensure
that pollutant levels are within the prescribed NEQS levels.
Effective sign-posting will be adopted by the contractor to reinforce instructions to the
drivers.

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The Traffic Management Plan will be prepared and implemented by the contractor.
7.3.1.12 Impact on Source of Construction Water
The contractor could use canal water as a source of water for sprinkling on kacha (unpaved)
path for dust control and for vehicle washing purposes.
Groundwater could be used as a source of water supply for the contractors camp and the
batching Plant. The contractor should tap the underground reservoir and install hand pumps
or tubewells with overhead tanks to supply drinking water to the labor camp, and to the
batching plant for concrete preparation. Withdrawing water from the aquifer shall not cause
any significant change in the storage of the aquifer nor the river and canals, which eventually
recharge it. The impact can be considered as slight and temporary.
Mitigation Measures:
The contractor is obligated under the contract to supply running tap water, flush latrines
and underground septic tanks for the disposal of wastewater through the sewerage
system.
It would be ensured that wastewater is not pumped into the river or canal system without
treatment.
All the wastewater generated from vehicle washing and site set ups e.g. batching plant,
plant & equipment yard etc should be tested to meet the NEQS standards for effluents
before being disposal.
The contractor is obligated under the contract to pay for water obtained from private
sources.
(c) Air Quality
7.3.1.13 Dust Smoke and other Pollutants from Plants & Equipments
Adverse Environmental Impact:
Emission or dust from the batching plant can be very harmful for the site workers and the
local population. The emission/dust could cause skin and respiratory disease e.g. skin
rashes, lungs problem etc. Roads and traffic will be affected due to the movement of heavy
vehicles in the area. Therefore the contractor must select a suitable location for the batching
plant (if required) and the following control measures shall be adopted:
Mitigation Measures:
Air quality should be monitored on regular basis near the plant through a certified 3rd
party.
The batching plant should be located at least 500m away from any living area.
The plant should not be operated outside working hours.
Regular spraying of water should be undertaken to minimize dust pollution.

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All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction activities
will be kept in good working condition to minimize exhaust emissions.
Proper PPE should be issued to the site workers and measures should be adopted to
ensure that the workers will wear the PPE when working on site.
If the location the batching plant is close to the living area or water body, the following
additional conditions must be followed:

The plant has to be a Zero Emission Plant. This will include using washed
aggregate and enclosed silos with automatic injection system of the material in to
the mixing chamber.

The plant area should be constructed and maintained on an impermeable


layer to prevent contamination of canal water from surface run off.

The access roads/paths should be sprayed with water on a regular basis to


minimize dust pollution.

Residual Impacts:
Temporary deterioration of air quality.
7.3.1.14 Smoke from Burning of Waste Material or Burning Firewood
Adverse Environmental Impacts
A large number of big and small fires in the contractors camp can produce smoke and smog
which can cut off visibility, reduce traffic ability and cause suffocation along with causing
diseases of the respiratory tract.
Mitigation Measures:
Waste burning should be prohibited on site.
It is the contractors contractual obligation to use and provide clean and smoke free fuel
in the labour camp.
Cutting and burning trees or shrubs for fuel shall be prohibited.
Gas Cylinders should be used in the labour camp for cooking purposes.
7.3.1.15 Impact on Air Quality of Earth Work Activities
Adverse Environmental Impacts
Excavation activities could cause dust and pollute the surrounding area. Emissions from the
plants used in earth work activities may also degrade the air quality of the site.
Mitigation Measures
Regular spraying of water should be undertaken to minimize dust pollution.
All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction activities will
be kept in good working condition to minimize exhaust emissions.

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(d) Noise
7.3.1.16 Noise Pollution from Construction Activities
Adverse Environmental Impact:
Many living areas are located along the canal bank and noise pollution could be issue during
construction phase of the project. Pakpattan canal banks also provide habitat of many
different species of game birds including piz on done partridges.
Mitigation Measures:
Suitable equipment and plant should be used in execution of the work to minimize noise
pollution.
The noise level should be monitored on a regular basis and levels should be maintained
within the NEQS level.

At the start of the work activities noise levels should be

monitored on hourly basis for at least the first 2 days of work, after which the monitoring
interval could increase to daily basis.
All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction activities will
be kept in good working conditions and will be properly tuned and maintained in order to
minimize noise pollution, exhaust emission and minimum land disturbance.
All working activities should be restricted within the allowed working hours.
The maximum speed limit of 20km/h should be enforced for vehicles using the
embankments and access road.
The Traffic Management Plan provided in EMP, should be implemented at site during
construction phase.
Residual Adverse Impact:
Movement of the site traffic and tree cutting will generate some noise.
7.4

BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

7.4.1 Damage to Biological Resources and Disturbance of Wildlife


Adverse Environmental Impacts
The contractors camp location should be carefully selected to minimize tree cutting and
wildlife habitat disturbance. The natural habitat is vulnerable to noise and dust generated
from the movement of site traffic and work activities along the embankments.
Mitigation Measures
Select the locations for contractor camp and batching plant (if required) such that
no/minimum tree cutting is required.
The outside boundary of the camp should be fenced or walled to keep camp activities
inside the camp area only.
It is the contractors obligation to ensure that unnecessary and out of bound
activities/movements do not occur within the allotted area for setting up the contractor
camp, material depots and machinery yard.

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No fire arms should be carried by any site worker.


All forest, wildlife and fisheries laws should be fully respected and abided by the
contractor and his work force.
Necessary sign boards should be displayed to remind the labour, visitors and members
of public of their obligations towards natural habitat.
Inspections by wildlife, forest and fisheries officers should be facilitated at the working
area to ensure implementation of relevant laws.
24 hours security should be provided by the contractor at the Labor Camp and Batching
Plant.
Every tree cut on site for the execution of work should be replaced with the plantation of
a minimum of five new trees.
All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction activities will
be kept in good working condition and be properly tuned to reduce noise, exhaust and
land disturbance.
Communities are given awareness and are involved in proper protection of the natural
habitat inside and around the project area.
No unauthorized tree or bush cutting will be allowed. Should it be necessary, it should
not be done without the permission of the The Engineer.
If possible, the nests of birds on trees that need to be uprooted should be shifted to other
nearby trees.
7.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS
The overall impacts of the Project on the social and economic activities in the project area
will be positive. Private land acquisition/leasing mainly for borrow material would be required
in this Project though every effort will be made to use PID land. A Resettlement Action Plan
(RAP) will be prepared to compensate the people living along the embankments as
squatters on government land and need to be removed after being compensated. The
adverse social impacts and their mitigation measures are discussed as follow:
7.5.1 Impacts of Land Acquisition
Adverse Environmental Impacts
Generally, land acquisition is required for work activities such as widening of the
embankments, access road, Contractor Camp, Batching Plant, work base area, waste
disposal site and borrow area. To facilitate these activities, the PID is already in possession
of enough land where these works can be executed though temporary acquisition of private
land for borrow materials may be require in this project.
Mitigation Measures
All the activities requiring land acquisition are to be planned by PID. Private land is to be
acquired under the 1894 Land Acquisition Act and the cost of land is to be paid to the

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owners. An appropriate framework agreement should be completed and signed by all the
concerned parties.
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) should be prepared to compensate and restore the
livelihood of the affectees.
7.5.2

Impacts on Local Population due to Migrating Labour from other Parts of the
Country
Adverse Environmental Impacts
There is a risk of adversely affecting the social life of the local population due to the arrival of
a large number of laborers from outside the area. Extra burden on the local infrastructure
and services e.g. medical facility, shops, restaurants, mosque, public transport etc. is also
anticipated.
Mitigation Measure
The outside boundary of the camp should be fenced or walled for security reasons.
Locating a labour camp at least 500m or ideally 1km away from the villages (local
settlement).
Leisure facilities including play grounds, restaurant etc should be provided inside the
labour camp.
All the unskilled labour and where possible skilled labour should be arranged locally.
Pick and drop facilities should be arranged.
The camp should be located within PID land, such that there is no private land
acquisition required for this activity.
7.5.3 HIV/AIDS and other Communicable Diseases
The Labourers in the Contractor Camp, truck drivers and like personnel who interact with
each other have the potential for the spread of HIV/AIDS if the incidence exists. Majority of
the people living in the surrounding of the Project, and potential Labour are not aware of the
source, mode of communication or consequences of HIV/AIDS. Although their religious and
cultural value system, to a large extent excludes the outbreak or rapid communication of
HIV/AIDS, yet its occurrence in such a situation cannot be precluded. It is necessary that
awareness and preventive campaigns are run from time to time in the Labour campus and
the field offices of the Project to prevent the communicable diseases like Cholera, Typhoid
and Tuberculosis.
Mitigating Measures:
The Contractor shall:
Arrange to run an active campaign, in the labour camp, to make people aware of the
cause, mode of transmission and consequences of HIV/AIDS.
Strengthen the existing local health & medical services for the benefit of labour as well
as the surrounding villages.

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Ensure cleanliness and hygienic conditions at labour camp by ensuring proper drainage
and suitable disposal of solid waste. Inoculation against Cholera will be arranged at
intervals recommended by Health Department.
Keep all the camps, offices, material depots, machinery yards and work sites open for
the inspection of health and safety measures and related documents.
7.5.4 Existing Services & Employment (Positive Social Impacts)
The economic analysis shows high economic benefits accrue compared to costs. Salient
economic benefits of the project are:
Improvement of available services in the area and opportunities for employment,
education, healthcare, transportation, especially for women and children.
Boost to agriculture through assured and enhanced irrigation water.
Unemployed youth will employed and trained during the construction phase of the
project. They will receive life time of benefits through skill training, capacity building and
poverty alleviation. A large number of semi-skilled and unskilled workers in the project
area will be hired.
Greater awareness about Healthcare including HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis amongst the
laborers and the local community shall be created.
At micro level, economic activities may bring the cost of living down by making essential
commodities available in greater bulk and at cheaper rates. This combined with better
employment opportunities will bring the poverty line rate lower.
New public parks will raise the aesthetic value of the area and will attract tourism.
Rehabilitation of the canal structures will also have a positive impact on the local tourism
industry.
Increased economic activity with improved irrigation.
7.6 OPERATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT (O&M) PHASE
At the operational phase of the proposed Project a comprehensive Operation and
Management Manual (O&M) shall be prepared by the Project Manager at the completion of
the work as per ISO Standards. An effective monitoring and evaluation has to be done as
per O&M and monitoring plan. Mistakes at operational level or handling the operations by
untrained staff can prove very risky and costly.

Important points to be attended at the

operational stage are as follows:


i

Develop comprehensive O&M Rules

ii

Strict implementation of prescribed Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

iii

Continuous evaluation of design efficiencies

iv

Understanding and training of staff on Operation and Maintenance Manual

Annual Environmental Audit

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vi

Regular maintenance of engineering works

vii

Continued public consultation and feed back

viii

Continued attention towards gender issues and women consultation

ix

Irrigation system to run up to its design capacity and not beyond it

Refresher Training Courses for operational staff.

IEE Report

On the basis of impact assessment it can be concluded that the project will have positive
environmental and social impacts on the area. No permanent adverse environmental
impacts have been identified due to project implementation. All the adverse impacts resulting
from the construction activities can be mitigated.

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8.

IEE Report

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

This chapter gives framework of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of the project,
as a requirement of the IEE study. Contractor shall make the site specific Environmental
Management Plan and get approved from supervision consultants before commencing of
work at site.
The EMP proposes an effective plan of action that will indicate responsibilities and the
required measures to minimize negative environmental & social impacts at various stages of
the project. The EMP will be discussed under three main components:
Mitigation Plan
Monitoring Program
Institutional Arrangements
Most of the mitigation activities planned in the EMP will be covered and executed under
provisions in the construction contract and with the necessary agreement of the
communities.
8.1

MITIGATION PLAN

The mitigation plan is a key component of EMP. It includes measures to mitigate potential
negative impacts and enhance the positive impacts during initial physical works and normal
operation of Irrigation System. This section outlines the potential impact of rehabilitation
works on the physical, biological and socioeconomic environment and their associated
mitigation measures. It also assigns the responsibilities for implementing these measures.
Lists of mitigation measures which will be directly covered by the environmentalist and
the contractor
The person(s) responsible for ensuring the implementation of the measures.
The person(s) responsible for monitoring.
Parameters to be monitored for effective implementation of measures.
A time scale for the implementation of measures to ensure that the objectives of
mitigation plan are fully met.
8.2

MITIGATION OF ADVERSE IMPACTS AT DESIGN PHASE

Majority of negative impacts can be avoided (eliminated) through the use of adequate and
environmentally sound technical design. The Project has however been designed on the
basis of the lessons learnt from similar projects and major design initiatives undertaken to
avoid any major negative impacts are as follows:
1.

Necessary measures should be taken to exclude any big deposits of soil or debris
anywhere.

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2.

To ensure the availability of water at the tail ends of the canal.

3.

As far as possible appropriate indigenous technology and knowledge should be utilized


while planning and designing the project.

8.3 MITIGATION OF ADVERSE IMPACT AT CONSTRUCTION PHASE


To reduce the potential impacts of the construction activities there will be a monitoring
programme to assess contractors compliance/performance with the project EMP during
construction phase.
The EMP will be made a part of the contract document and implemented and monitored at
all the stages of the Project by the concerned parties. The requirement of the following
environmental management plans were identified during review of feasibility study and will
be prepared during detailed design stage:
Borrow Area Restoration Plan
Traffic Management Plan
Waste Disposal Plan
Tree Plantation Plan
Contingency Plan
Risk Assessment Plan
Health, Safety & Environment Plan
Communication and Documentation Management Plan
General Restoration Plan
Environment Management Plan (EMP)
8.4

MONITORING PLAN

Monitoring Plan is an essential component of the Environment Management Plan (EMP).


Implementation of the EMP shall be the contractual obligation of the Contractor. For that the
Contractor shall engage full time technical staff capable of carrying out the suggested
measures in the EMP as contractual obligations under the contract agreement. The
construction supervision consultant shall also have a full time Environmental specialist to
provide an overall professional cover to the environmental monitoring process and the
procedures and initiate required reports and point out any gaps in the implementation of the
mitigation measures or enforcement of the measures of the EMP. Environmental unit (EU)
under PMU will be responsible for overall implementation of EMP and provide technical
guidance to the construction supervision consultants and contractors. The Parameters,
frequency, responsibility and mitigation measures for monitoring will be described in
comprehensive Environmental Management Plan (EMP). Monthly Environmental Monitoring
Reports (Air, Water, Wastewater, noise) shall be carried out for the entire construction
phase.

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

8.5

IEE Report

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

8.5.1 Management Responsibilities


Overall responsibility for environmental management will rest on PMU of the Punjab
Irrigation Department, Government of the Punjab. Further details were provided in chapter 9.
Construction Supervision Consultants
The construction supervision consultants will be responsible to ensure quality of work and
fulfilment of contractual obligations. Environmental Specialist of the construction supervision
consultants will ensure that all the environmental and social provisions comply with the
applicable standards. He/She will confirm that the day-to-day construction activities are
carried out in environment friendly manner and organize periodic environmental training
programmes and workshops for the consultants and contractors staff.
Project Organizational Structure
The organizational structure for the environment management / monitoring implementation is
shown below. The role of the organization is described in exhibit 1.

Secretary to Government of Punjab


Punjab Irrigation Department

Head
Project Management Unit

Environment
Unit

Director Social
/ Environment

Deputy Director

Environment

Construction
Supervision
Consultants

Environmental
Specialist &
Sociologist

Contractor

Environmental
officer / Team

Deputy Director
Sociology

Organization Chart for Environment Management / Monitoring Implementation


Exhibit 1 - Responsibilities of PMU Environmental Unit, Contractor and Environmental
Specialist of the Construction Supervision Consultants
Organization Designation
Responsibilities
Operating Documents

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Organization

Designation

Responsibilities

Project
Management
Unit (PMU)

Director Socio
/ Environment

Overall in charge of the


Environmental Unit.
Oversee the works of
environmental and social
aspects related to the
project.
Provide environmental
and social guidance to
environmental staff in
project preparation and
approval/sanctions,
construction,
implementation, to attain
optimum efficiency and
success in the
management and
operation of the project.
Assist Project Director in
active inter-action with
donors, consultants,
contractor and other
stakeholders on monthly
review, progress of the
project or any other
situation requiring
immediate action.
Time management for
successful completion of
the project and its
scheduling according to
approved budget.
Preparation of all
necessary reports
required to be submitted
to Govt. or donor agency.
Ensure compliance and
implementation of rules
and regulations issued by
the Federal Agencies
especially regarding social
and environmental

IEE Report

Operating Documents

Contract with PID


IEE for the Pakpattan
Canal
Relevant Asian Bank
documents on
environment and
other laws discussed
in IEE of Pakpattan
Canal
EMP of Pakpattan
Canal
Social Framework
Agreement (SFA).
Consultants
Environmental
Reports
Comply with
National, International
and Punjab Public
Health and Safety
(PHS) Acts

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Organization

Designation

Responsibilities

Project

Deputy

Management
Unit (PMU)

IEE Report

Operating Documents

aspects.
Project planning,
monitoring and evaluation
specifically in
environmental & social
related matters in the
project.
Assist Director Socio,

Contract with PID

Director

environment in office

Relevant Asian Bank

Environment

assignment and field as

documents on

well.

environment and

Fulfil the obligation as laid

other laws discussed

out in his/her contract with

in IEE of Pakpattan

PID.

Canal

Ensures environmental

protection during the


project implementation

Canal

according to
Environmental laws,

Social Framework
Agreement (SFA).

Consultants

Liaison with contractor

Environmental

and consultants

Reports

environmental team

EMP of Pakpattan
Canal

policies guidelines and


technical standards

IEE for the Pakpattan

Comply with

Conduct site visits to

National, International

ensure compliance with

and Punjab Public

IEE and EMP

Health and Safety

Coordinate with

(PHS) Acts

stakeholders, including
general community, EPA,
WWF, Asian Bank,
contractor, consultants
and others

Support DD Sociology in
performing his/her
responsibilities

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Organization

Designation

Responsibilities

Project

Deputy

Management
Unit.

IEE Report

Operating Documents

Assist Director Socio,

Contract with PID

Director

environment in office

Relevant Asian Bank

/Sociologist

assignment and field as

documents on social

well.

aspects and other

Carry out the

laws discussed in IEE

responsibilities of official

of Pakpattan Canal.

spokesperson of the

survey as a baseline

Deals with social

for IEE of Pakpattan

mobilization and emerging

Canal

Coordinate with
stakeholders, including

PHS Acts

general community, EPA,

Social Framework

contractor, consultants

Agreement (SFA).

Environmental

Review all socio-

Reports

Documentation

ensure implementation of

received from the

corrective measures, if

field

any

Conduct site visits to


ensure compliance with

Comply with HSE


Acts

IEE and EMP

Consultants Socio-

and others.
environmental reports and

EMP of Pakpattan
Canal

WWF, Asian Bank,

Socio-economic

PMU.

socio-economic issues.

Social Framework
Agreement (SFA)

Support DD Environment
in fulfilment of his/her
responsibilities

Construction

Environmental

Supervision

Specialist

Consultant

Ensure the implementation


of the mitigation

Contract with PMU

IEE for Pakpattan

measures suggested in
the EMP

Canal

Monitor construction
activities as per the
compliance monitoring

The EMP of
Pakpattan Canal

Comply with HSE


Plan

program
Monitor the impacts of the

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Organization

Designation

Responsibilities

IEE Report

Operating Documents

project activities (effects


monitoring)
Liaison with the
contractors
environmental officers
and HSE officer

Manage and implement


environmental mitigation
measures, as well as PID
and contractor health and
safety Policies

Manage operation of the


contractors
environmental
management staff

Contractor

Environmental

Train the staff as required

Manage and implement

Contract with PID

IEE for Pakpattan

officer / HSE

environmental mitigation

officer

measures contractors

Canal

health and safety Policies

EMP of Pakpattan

Liaison with supervision


consultants

Canal

environmental specialist.
Manage operation of the

Acts

field environmental staff


Train the staff as required
Implementation of EMP

Comply with PHS


Consultants
environmental reports.

Social Framework
Agreement (SFA)

Cause and effects, and


compliance monitoring.

8.6

COMMUNICATION AND DOCUMENTATION

Communication and documentation is an essential feature of EMP. The key features of such
mechanism are:
8.6.1 Data Recording and Maintenance
All forms to be used for recording information during the environmental monitoring will follow
a standard format which will correspond with the data base in which all the gathered

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

information will be placed. Check boxes will be used as much as possible to facilitate data
entry. Tracking system will be developed for each form.
8.6.2 Storage of Information
The database may include the following information

Training programs;

Staff deployment;

Non-compliance;

Corrective actions

List of environmental data and

List of environmental data to be maintained:


Soil and land pollution
Disposal of excavated silt and earth
Disposal of waste

Water resource
Quality
Quantity
Fuel oil and chemical spills

Vegetation record

Record of wildlife

Noise pollution

Air and dust pollution

Socio-economic data

8.6.3 Meetings
The following environmental meetings will take place during the project

Primary meeting for setting out the requisite end frame sounding for the regular
meetings.

Scheduled meetings between Contractor and Supervision Consultants.

Progress review meeting among Environmental Unit (EU) of PMU, Environmental


Specialist and Environment Officer.

The purpose of the meeting will be to discuss the conduct of the operation, non
compliances noted by the consultants environmental team and measures for their remedy.
The meeting will be recorded in the form of a daily/monthly environmental report.
8.6.4 Reports
The Environmental Specialist of the Supervision Consultant shall produce periodical reports
as well as inspection notes based upon the visits to the Project site. This information shall
make a basis for EU for their further reporting or visiting the site. All reports shall be location
and activity specific. The reports shall especially identify areas of contractors non-

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IEE Report

compliance with the EMP and provide guiding remarks on actions to be taken. The
significance of the non-compliance shall also be noted. Copies of these reports shall be sent
to the Chief Resident Engineer (CRE) who shall forward them to the Head PMU, Punjab
Irrigation Department and the Contractor for their action(s).
The CRE will include in his routine reports a summary status of activities relating to the EMP.
Supplemental reports on issues should also be prepared as and when required.
The consultant environmental team will produce daily, monthly, and bi-annually reports, as
well as a final report of the project based on the information collected. The list of distribution
reports is given in Exhibit-2.
Exhibit-2 Periodic Reports
Report
Daily

Prepared by
Contractors
HSE officers

Monthly

Environmental
team of the
Construction
Supervision
Consultants
Environmental
team of the
Construction
Supervision
Consultants

Bi-Annually

Effects Monitoring

Environmental
team of the
Construction
Supervision
Consultants

Final

Environmental
team of the
Construction
Supervision
Consultants

Reviewed by
Distribution
Reviewed by
Chief
Resident
contractor
Engineer
environmental
officer and the
Consultants
Environmental
Specialists
Reviewed by EU of Chief
Resident
PMU.
Engineer

Reviewed by EU of Chief
Resident
PMU.
Engineer
PMU
I&P
Department
EPA
ADB
Reviewed by & EU Chief
Resident
of PMU and Punjab Engineer
EPA
PMU
I&P
Department
EPA
ADB
Reviewed by EU of Chief
Resident
PMU.
Engineer
PMU
I&P
Department
EPA
ADB

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IEE Report

8.6.5 Photographic Record of the Project Area


This will include:
Identifying key locations for taking Photographs
Using digital camera to Photograph of the project area before the construction starts and
recording the following information for each shot on a form
Shot number
Name of Photograph
Date
Time
Featured Photograph
Other observations
Repeating the above after completion of all activities for selected location
8.6.6 Record Register
The environmental specialist of the construction supervision consultants will be responsible
to maintain and update all environment related data, record and documents. The results
from environment monitoring and sampling program should be fully documented and
recorded. The results will be available for inspection by the regulator, authorities and Asian
Development Bank at site. The record should provide the following quality assured
monitoring and sampling information.
Determinants monitored and sampled
Specified details of measurements/samples to support analytical and QA requirements
e.g. dates, times, location, other relevant parameters
Results of measurements/sample analysis, with error limited.
Interpretation and review of results against specified trigger level.
This will be maintained at a site to document any change in the project design as well. These
changes will be handled through the change management mechanism if any. The final report
will be communicated to EU. Environmental issues Tracking Report form will be completed
and maintained by the Contractor.

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

8.7

IEE Report

WASTE DISPOSAL PLAN

This component describes the waste disposal plan that will be employed during the
construction and restoration period. The main types of waste to be disposed off include:
Waste generated during construction
Fuel, oils, and chemicals;
Sewage;
Campsite waste ;
Medical waste;
Excess construction material.
Domestic waste and construction waste are the main types of waste generated during
construction phase. Construction waste in very small quantity will be generated from
construction activities. Domestic waste contains high percentage of readily degradable
hydrocarbon which gives bad smell on decomposition, especially in hot and humid
environment. Construction waste classified as inert waste which could be a problematic to
dispose off. It is recommended to collect the domestic waste and construction waste
separately. No site is specified for disposal of waste, temporary storage will be required that
will be regulated by contractor and local authorities.
8.7.1
Domestic Waste
All the waste generated at Labour Camp should be collected and temporarily stored
at the designated bonded area within the labour camp.
The area should be prepared, maintained and visually inspected and recorded on
regular basis by the environment officer of the contractor.
The waste storage area should be fenced to stop animals direct contact with the
waste. The site must be decontaminated to keep the building free from foul smells,
spreading of diseases and healthy working environment on regular basis.
It is a responsibility of Contractor to arrange the waste collection from the Labour
Camp with local authority or waste disposed cooperation on regular basis.
Waste Chute should be provided within the Labour Camp. Chute will enable the
collection of thrown solid in the covered storage site.
Bags should be provided to the occupants and resident of the labour camp for
collecting their waste.
Implement resource conservation and recover recyclable waste e.g. paper, steel
cans, glass bottles etc. from the collected waste and divert the filtered waste to the
area landfill site.
A burning pit should be built on site to burn the combustible waste on site. The
suggested dimension of the pit in feet is 15 x 12 x 4 (length x width x height).
8.8

Construction Waste

Construction waste could be reused as a fill material or construction material. However the
detail testing should be undertaken to confirm the suitability of the waste, if is used as a
construction material.
The waste disposal system is summarized in Exhibit-3 below:

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Exhibit-3 Waste Disposal Plan


Types of
waste
Construction
waste

Description
Soil, Concrete,
Demolition waste

Fuel, oils, and


chemicals
spills
contaminated
soil or waste

Contaminated soil or
water

Sewage and
gray

Waste water from


kitchen and washing

Construction
phase
Protection
work in canal
prism;
Construction
of distributor
complex, deck
platform,
gauge
readers huts;
Canal lining
All phases

Construction
phase

Disposal methods
Construction waste should be disposed
of properly in a manner that does not
disturb the natural drainage.
Reusable material from demolition
waste should be given away reuse.
Remaining waste to be buried in
designated landfill/ construction waste
disposal site.
Soil contaminated by minor spills /
leakages (defined as leaks from the
vehicles, machinery, equipment, or
storage containers such that the areas
and depth of soil contaminated is less
than 1sqft and 3 inches respectively) will
be scraped and sent to the burn pit
where it will be burned along with other
combustible wastes. Contaminated
water will be dispersed with pressure.
Moderate spills defined as spills of
volume less than or equal to 200 liters
will be contained and controlled using
shovels, sand, and native soil. These
materials and equipment will be made
available at campsite and construction
site during operation. The contaminated
soil will be excavated and stored in a
bonded area lined with impermeable
base.
Depending on the volume of the
contaminated soil, the disposal may
involve of sending to burn pit or by
specialized treatment such as
bioremediation or
solidification/stabilization (s/s)
Major spills of volume exceeding 200
liters will require the initiation of PMU
emergency response procedures.
These spills will be handled and
controlled according to the specialized
measures and special treatment as
suggested by the spills removal experts.
The contaminated water should be
collected in separate container and sent
them to the suitable treatment site after
the mutual agreement with environment
consultant and PMU.
Sewage to be disposed of using septic
tanks and soak pits, solid residue to be

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Types of
waste
wastewater

Description
areas, sewage

Construction
phase

Campsite
waste

Animal, fruit or
vegetable residue,
domestic garbage

Construction
phase

Medical waste

Syringes, glass
bottles, soiled
bandages, expired
drugs, dressing
Sand, aggregate,
cement, bricks, ,
paints and other
construction materials

Construction
phase

Excess
construction
material

8.9

Construction
phase

IEE Report

Disposal methods
disposed of in nearby sewage treatment
facilities. Waste water from kitchen and
washing areas to be disposed of in soak
pits
Colour coded waste collection bins will
be placed at the appropriate locations to
segregate waste. Recyclable waste to
be given away for recycling; non
recyclable, combustible waste to be
burned at burn pit and non combustible
waste to be buried in designated landfill
as agreed by PMU. Green waste will be
disposed off at the composting unit
having same dimension as burning pit.
To be incinerated at nearby hospital
incinerator, if any, or an equivalent
facility
To be sold back or given to the supplier
or other users

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN

Repair of hydraulic structures, road bridges, and embankments strengthening etc. might
require partial or full closure of the road bridges during construction phase and as no new
access roads are proposed for material delivery so traffic management would be required
during such time periods spanning long hours in a day. It is a contractors obligation to prepare
a Traffic Management Plan, get its approval from traffic police, XEn Irrigation and HSE Officer
and implement on site. The plan should be available for public in local library and published in
news paper. The suggestions made in this section should be incorporated by the contractor in
preparation of the Traffic Management Plan.
8.10 Closure of Roads
When closing down the one lane of the road then the traffic light system should be set up and
allow only one side traffic at a time. Sign posts about the new traffic light and/or proposed new
road layout should be placed at least one km from major settlements. Sign boards about the
expected delay in traffic and queue build up should be placed in Arifwala, Burewala, and vehari
city. Speed breakers should be constructed and painted with fluorescent paints to control the
speed on major roads to avoid accidents. Warning sign boards should be displayed to indicate
area under construction.
There are noticeable settlements along the canal banks provision of any alternative route will be
involving resettlement and temporary private land acquisition. The road can be closed for short
period and it is suggested that the closure should not be more than continuous 4 hours. Local
traffic police should be informed at-least a week before the closure required. Traffic sign board
regarding the closure time and suggestion for alternative routes should be placed at the exit of
main city i.e. Arifwala, Burewala, and Vehari city. The traffic sign board alarming the delay at
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the bridges should be placed at Arifwala, Burewala, and Vehari city. The closure should be
arranged outside the off peak times (consider peak time from 6am to 10am and 3pm to 7pm). If
the village road bridges are to be used for material transportation then capacity of bridge should
be kept in mind.
8.11 Strengthening Embankments Works
The existing embankments can be used for transporting soil, material and plant and equipment.
However the approximate width of the embankments is 20 ft which may not cope with the traffic
on both directions (depending upon the type of vehicles use in earth moving). The
crossing/waiting bays should be provided, if require along the embankments to avoid any
accidental slip of vehicles. Ramps should be provided on embankments so that embankments
are not damaged due to heavy weight traffic. The soft barricading fence should be provided at
the edges of the path/roads etc. All the roads & paths should be properly designed and
regularly inspected by a specialized contractor to confirm the smooth movement of the site
traffic. Traffic movement can cause air pollution due to dust, arrangement should be made to
control dust pollution.
8.12 Diversion Channels
For rehabilitation and construction work six temporary diversion channels are proposed to
maintain the canal flow during construction phase and for that diverting route will also be
required for traffic movement it is contractors obligation to provide a diverting route. Land will
be temporarily acquired on lease for construction period. Sign posts should be displayed to
indicate route diversion.
8.13 OUTLINE OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND CONTINGENCY PLAN
If any of the results of the environmental monitoring/sampling exceed specified trigger levels for
the determinant, the appropriate actions will be undertaken to prevent hazard to human life,
property and the environment outside the operating site bounding control and minimize any
immediate risks of pollution of the environments, ensure the immediate initiation of necessary
investigation and management actions to identify, mitigate and remediate the cause of the
accident. Initiate training and periodic testing/checking when necessary.
The probabilities of accident such as oil spills, accidental habitat destruction, water or air
pollution are very low. However, such accidents can occur and overall environmental
emergency response method may be used:
Obtain an early warning of the emergency conditions so as to avoid adverse impacts
on the environment
Safeguard personnel to prevent injuries or loss of life
Minimize the impact of such event on the environment and facilities by mitigating the
potential for escalation and containing of the hazardous
It is a responsibility of the contractor to provide at least one First Aider during working hours.
The First Aid Provider will perform the following duties.
i.

Keeping all necessary first aid medicines and bandages in the first aid box at every
time.

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

ii. Replace the medicines before their expiry dates to avoid any health hazard to the
people.
iii. Provide first aid to the wounded person.
iv. Report any accident / incident to the environmental manager immediately for
necessary action.
v. Call ambulance in case of any serious emergency.
An outline of an environmental contingency plan for the accidental spill is shown in
Exhibit 4
Exhibit-4 Environmental Spill Contingency Plan
Step
Alert / Mobilize
Initial action

On-going actions

Stand Down

Waste disposal

Diesel spill

Chemical and Oil Spill

Alert emergency coordinator and


team
Start log of event
Determine appropriate strategy
Notify PMU in Lahore
Notify relevant authority
If there is a containment breach,
use earth moving equipment to
construct ditch or berm to contain
spill. Use pump / absorbent to
recover the product. Handle the
recovered product according to
the COSHH sheets.
Once the incident has ended the
emergency team and authorities
will stand down and commence as
full investigation
Collect all contaminated soil or
absorbing pads and incinerate or
treat with bioremediation at a
controlled access area. In case of
contaminated water the water
should be treated and reuse.

Alert emergency coordinator and


team
Start log of event
Determine appropriate strategy
Notify PMU in Lahore
Notify relevant authority
Start log of event
Determine appropriate strategy
Notify PMU in Lahore
Notify relevant authority

Once the incident has ended the


emergency team and authorities
will stand down and commence
as full investigation
Incinerate or treat with
bioremediation the collected
product at a controlled access
area at the burn pit. Collect all
contaminated soil and incinerate
it at the burn pit.

8.14 HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT (HSE) PLAN


It is a contractors obligations to provide and implement the Health, Safety & Environment
(HSE) Plan. The Plan should be divided into three main parts Health, Safety and
Environment. Each part should include but not limited to the following elements;
SAFETY
HSE Responsibilities
Site HSE Rules
Orientation, Site HSE Induction and Other Training Activities
Communication and HSE Meetings
Workforce Involvement, Motivation and HSE Incentive
Performance Monitoring
Hazard Analysis and Risk Management
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Safe Work Practices


Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs)
Fire Prevention
Emergency Response Plan (ERP)
Transportation
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
HSE Policy
Scope and Objectives
Responsibility for CEMP
Mitigation Measures, Implementation Plan & Compliance Monitoring
Waste Management
Hazardous Material
Night Working
House Keeping
Noise
HEALTH & HYGIENE
Purpose
Scope
Medical Personnel
First Aid (Medical) Facilities
Heat Stress
First Aid Training
Living Camp
Welfare of Personnel
Use of Narcotics And Drugs
Drainage, Sewerage and Septic Tank
SITE SECURITY
Purpose
Scope
Method and Responsibilities
ATTACHMENTS
HSE Policy
List of HSE SOPs, MS & Formats
Typical Site HSE Organization
Injury Statistics for the last four years
Honours and Awards
8.15 TREE PLANTATION PLAN
In order to repair hydraulic structures, road bridges, embankments strengthening etc. six
temporary diversion are proposed to maintain the canal flow during construction phase as
routine. Uprooting of trees will require for the construction of diversion channels. The tress

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need to be up rooted shall be identified by a team including members from irrigation


department, forest department and supervision consultant. Tree inventory shall be prepared
by supervision consultant. The details of plantations collected during site survey at each
diversion are summarised in table 2. It is estimated that 1104 number of trees will be
uprooted for the diversion channels construction. Majority of the trees need to be uprooted
are Kikar and there is no protected tree need to be uprooted for this activity. To mitigate this
new plantation should carry out with at least five folds of the total loss. In lieu of this
minimum 5520 number of woody trees will be planted and maintained during construction
phase along the main canals.
Exhibit-5: Details of Plantation at Diversion Channels
Sr. Diversions
No.

1
2
3
4
5
6

RD
398+156
RD
448+556
RD 469
+310
RD
476+310
RD
498+772
RD
630+945

Tree Species

Category

Kikar
Shesham Others
(Acacia (Delbergia (Fruit
nilotica) sisoo)
trees,
Popular,
Frash,
Sufaida,
etc.)
25
5
-

Age

Government Private Mature Young

30

30

55

54

55

22

22

22

20

20

20

550

822

12

810

150

272
(Sufaida)
-

145

10

155

New plantation can be undertaken at number of places along the main canal. The major
sites identified for new plantation include along the following RDs:
RD 4 to 6
RD 7 to 15
RD 21 to 31
RD 35 to 39
RD 47 to 52
RD 56 to 66
RD 133 to 136
RD 435 to 439 (along right bank)
RD 510 to 515
along the canal include To raise the aesthetic value and enhancing positive environmental
impacts it is also planned to plant additional 3000 number of woody, fruit and flower plants at
the different location of the barrage.

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8.16 BORROW AREAS RESTORATION PLAN


A strip of land approximately 50 ft wide along the canal bank belongs to PID is suggested to
fulfil the requirement of fill material in embankment strengthening.
The land is mainly agricultural and privately owned. Earth from Borrow areas shall be
obtained by the Contractor subject to the approval of the Engineer. The earth taken from any
place, not duly approved by the Engineer, shall not be measured and paid for and the
Contractor shall be responsible for any damage arising from unapproved borrow areas.
The Contractor is fully responsible to arrange borrow area at his own expense either from
the private parties or from the government agencies. The Contractor will be responsible for
the payment on account of any damage to the crop or any other property of the private
parties or the government. Photographic record will be kept before and after the land used
as borrow areas. The contractor will not leave borrow pits in such a condition that they are
unusable and likely to be filled with rain water and provide breeding place for mosquitoes or
cause any health and safety issues.
Borrow areas should be restored such that these can be re-used for the agricultural and
other purposes. The restoration of agricultural land includes but not limited to the following
steps.
Removal of 6 inches of the topsoil and keep it separate on site for its re-spread back
on the levelled borrow area
Excavate up to maximum 3 feet
Level slopes as far as possible
Place the topsoil back on reasonably levelled area
8.17 LAND ACQUISITION PROCEDURE
Land Acquisition Act (LAA) 1894 is the primary law governing land acquisition in
Pakistan. The rules and regulation of above law will be followed for the acquisition of
private land.
2.47 acres of private land will be temporarily acquired on lease for diversion channels
for three years of construction phase.
Land valuation will be carried out with the help of district officer and agree with the
private land owner.
Cut of date will be announced at the day of compensation value agreed and signed
with land owner and authorities.
The compensation will be paid to the affectee(s) prior to possession of the land being
taken by the Government of Punjab.
8.18 RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN
The outline of the Risk Management Plan is provided in this section. The detailed and more
precise plan should be prepared and implemented by the Contractor. The following Plan
identifies the possible hazards associated with the project activities, consequences of the
occurrence, probability of the occurrence and actions to reduce the risk to acceptable level
i.e. low to medium.

8-18

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Hazards

Oil,
Chemical
Spill

Consequences Probability
of occurrence
of
(Severityoccurrence
L,M,H)
(L, M, H)
Contaminate
H
land and
control water
bodies
(M)

IEE Report

Risk
(L, M,
H)
H

Failure in
plant &
equipment
e.g. lifting
gears etc.

Fatality or
serious injury
(H)

Extended
Canal
Closure

Damage the
crop within the
canal command
area
(M)
Deteriorate
ambient air
quality
(M)

Cause
suffocation and
diseases
respiratory tract
(H)
Casualty,
serious injury,
damage to
infrastructure
(H)

Batching
plant (if
required)

Smoke
from
Burning
Road
accidents
due to
constructio
n work
activities

Action to Manage the Risk Residual


Risk
-Select the location of
material storage yard away
from the water bodies
-Store material on bunded
area with impermeable
layer
-Good housekeeping
-loading and unloading of
material should be manage
by a competent person
-spill kit should be available
to deal with small spills
-Inspect all the equipment
including lifting chains &
ropes at the start of the
work
-A competent person should
mange the work on site.
The canal is non-perennial
so all the work requires
canal closure should be
arranged during available
canal closure time.
-Select batching plant
location away from the
living area or construct zero
emission plant
-should not operate outside
working hours i.e. night time
or early morning
-All the workers working at
the plant should wear
proper PPEs
(Breathing masks, gloves,
eye protection etc.)
-Provide smoke free fuel at
labour camp
-Cutting and burning of
trees shall be prohibited

-Prepared and implement


Traffic Management Plan as
suggested in IEE.

8-19

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Adverse
Social
impacts
due to
migrating
labour from
other part
of the
country

Extra burden
on existing
welfare
facilities.
Can Cause
communicable
diseases
(H)

IEE Report

-Improve and increase the


capacity of available
existing service to cope with
the requirement of
additional users.
-Run a campaign within the
labour camp and local
community to make people
aware of the cause, mode
of transmission and
consequences of
communicable diseases
e.g. HIV/AIDS etc.

8.19 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COST


The cost provided in this section is based on the information available at updating feasibility
level, which may be amended at detailed design stage.
Environmental Monitoring Cost
According to ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009, twice a year environment monitoring
report is required to be furnished for category B projects. The identified physical
environmental resources monitoring cost during construction phase of the project is
described in this section, the cost of ecological resources monitoring will be covered under
Plantation / Environment Improvement Cost, while the monitoring of socio-economic
conditions of the area is provided in RAP.
Pakpattan Canal is a major source of surface water in the project area. The canal water
should be tested on bi-annual basis for the full suite of NEQS and FAO at the downstream of
the work area during construction phase. The samples should be tested for all the
parameters of NEQS and FAO water quality standards. The approximate cost of monitoring
of canal water quality during construction phase is Rs. 1,500,000.
Dissolved Oxygen, pH and Electric Conductivity (EC) of the canal water should be monitored
on monthly basis during construction phase of the project. The approximate cost of the
equipment is Rs. 150,000.
Groundwater should be tested on bi-annual basis. Testing is also required at the start of the
project before using the groundwater as a source of water supply. The samples should be
collected from all the sources of groundwater used by the contractor onsite i.e. hand pumps,
tubewell etc. The parameters needed to be tested include WHO drinking water standard and
FAO agriculture standards. The approximate cost of this item is Rs. 300,000.

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Air quality should be monitored on bi-annual basis and When required on work activities.
The parameters for air quality monitoring include but are not limited to carbon monoxide,
NOx, SOx and particulate matter. The approximate cost of Ambient Air Monitoring during
construction phase is Rs. 300,000.
Noise should be monitored 3 times on each working day at every noise producing activity.
The approximate cost of the Noise meter is Rs. 50,000.
The approximate total cost of the monitoring of the physical environmental parameters is
Rs.2.3 million.

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Exhibit-6 Environmental Monitoring Plan for the Construction Phase

Environmental
Quality

Air Quality

Dust Monitoring

Noise Monitoring

Surface Water
Quality

Groundwater

Parameters

Details of Location

Standards /
Guidelines

Frequency

Responsibility

Duration

PM10, CO,
CO2 NOx,
SOx

At 40m radius of
Batching Plant
(determine the
dominate air direction
and carry out
monitoring at
downstream of air
flow)

USEPA, WHO

Bi-annually basis

Contractor

Construction for
24 hours or one
full working day

At Borrowing area
At the Access
roads
Labour camp

USEPA, WHO

Bi-annually
When required

Contractor

Full working day

At the borrowing
area
At construction site

Maximum
allowable level
is 80dB

3 times over 24 hour


(morning, afternoon
and evening) on
Active Construction
site

Contractor

Bi-annually Basis

Contractor

Bi-annually Basis

Contractor

PM10

Noise
Full Suite of
contaminants
given in main
report of IEE
Groundwater
(Suite of
Contaminants
given in IEE)

Places along the Canal

NEQS &
WAPDA
Irrigation
Standards

All the groundwater


extraction points use
by the contractor

WHO drinking
water standard

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Training Cost
Training is considered to be an important part of environment awareness and all site
management and work supervisors should undertake periodic training.
The Contractor will arrange to run a proper campaign among the workers to make people
aware of the causes, mode of transmission and consequences of HIV/AIDS.
It should be made clear to the workers that unnecessary and out of bound activities /
movements are strictly prohibited in the project area. All forest and fisheries laws should be
explained to the workers.
The approximate cost of training the site staff is Rs. 400,000. The cost includes 8 sessions
of environment awareness course each costing Rs. 50,000.
Environmental Audit Cost
Environmental Audit should be carried out on annual basis and at the completion of the
project by an independent consultant. The approximate cost of this item is Rs.900, 000.
Plantation Cost/ Environmental Improvement Cost
5 new trees will be planted for every one tree uprooted on site. It is also proposed to plant
additional 10,000 woody and fruit plants along the canal by the contractor who will look after
them until their maturation. Ecological environment of the area will also be monitored by a
qualified ecologist at bi-annual basis during construction phase of the project. The total
estimated cost of this item is Rs. 1,000,000.
It is suggested that the contractor should hire the services of concerned department i.e.
Forestry to undertake new plantation and look after them until their maturation i.e. arrange
watering and install protection grill or bushes to stop animals graze the new plantation.
Cost of Implementation of Emergency Plan
The plan will be prepared to address any emergency conditions which occur due to
breaches in canal banks or accidental spill of oil or chemicals. The approximate cost of
dealing with unforeseen circumstances during construction phase is half a million rupees.
Special Waste Disposal Cost
Daily production of domestic waste by skilled and non skilled workers on site is estimated at
approximately 500kg (assuming 1/2 kg per person per day). The cost for disposal of
domestic waste generated during construction phase including the preparation and
maintenance of the temporary storage area is included in the contractors contractual
obligations.

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The contractor will dispose of the special waste i.e. cement bags, clinical waste, electric
batteries etc. The approximate cost of the disposal of special waste is Rs. 500,000.
Water & Wastewater Effluent Testing Cost
It will be one of Contractors contractual obligations to arrange the supply of running drinking
water at appropriate pressure to the site workers. The access of the drinking water should be
available to every site worker. Water sample should be collected and tested on quarterly
basis to confirm suitability for drinking purpose. The approximate cost of the testing of
drinking water source is Rs. 250,000.
It is proposed to treat the domestic wastewater generated from the labour camp, which
should be collected with provision of underground sewerage system.
If wastewater is collected from site setup i.e. Batching Plant, contractors camp, effluent,
waste storage area etc is discharge into the river then it should be tested as per NEQ
standard to confirm that the levels of contaminates are within the acceptable level. The
allocated cost for this testing is Rs. 250,000.
Site Visits by Regulatory Authorities
Inspections by stakeholders and concerned bodies for example WWF, Wildlife, Forest or
Fishery Officers etc. should be facilitated in camps to facilitate implementation of relevant
laws. The approximate cost of this item is Rs. 400,000.
Traffic Management Cost
The Traffic Management Plan will be prepared by the contractor to manage the site traffic
and public traffic during construction phase of the project to minimize the interruption in the
flow of traffic. The approximate cost allocated for this item is 4 million rupees.
Public Parks
The development of Public Park(s) along the canal is recommended to enhance the
biodiversity and improve the environment of the area. This will also raise the aesthetic value
of the area and provide recreation spot to the local population. The scope of work includes
but not limited to develop an artificial lake, plantation of woody, fruit and flower plants, install
children fun rides and construct new canteen and restaurant. The approximate cost of this
item is 20.0 million rupees. The cost covers the development of proximately 20 acres land as
a Park. The whole area can be split into more than one small parks depending upon the
availability of land and number of suitable sites. The Park(s) location will be decided,
preferable in state land, with the consultation of Punjab Irrigation Department and local
administrative bodies.
Details of two recommended suitable sites for public parks development are given below.
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Site Located at Pakpattan Main Upper (RD 112) at the head regulator of Khadar
Branch

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

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Proposed Site at head regulator of Pakpattan Main Canal Lower


Pakpattan Upper

Road to Vehari 35 km

Thingi Town

2
Proposed Site
for Public Park

Pakpattan Lower

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Restoration Cost
The area under the use of contractor during construction phase should be restored at the
completion of the project to the original level without any additional cost by the contractor.
Relocating/installing of Utilities/Amenities Cost
Relocation of services may be required during construction phase e.g. relocating electric
pole(s), telephone line, sewer pipe etc. The estimated amount allocated for this item is
Rs. 1,000,000.
The overall estimated cost of EMP, derived from the given scope of work and previous
experience, is Rs 31.5 Million.
Environmental Management Cost
Activity
Environment Monitoring Cost
Training Cost
Environmental Audit Cost
Plantation / Environmental Improvement Cost
Emergency Plan
Special Waste Disposal Cost
Water & Wastewater Effluent Testing Cost
Site Visits by Regulatory Authorities
Traffic Management Cost
New Public Parks
Relocation/Removal of Services
Total

Cost (million Rs)


2.3
0.4
0.9
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
4.0
20.0
1.0
31.5

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IEE Report

8.8 CONTRACTORS OBLIGATION

The following conditions should be included in the Tender Document followed by the
Contract Document as essential clauses:
Clause regarding disposal of waste construction material
The Contractor shall in consultation with the supervising consultant and with the approval of
Supervision Consultant of the Project, select and abide by the selection, a site for disposal of
waste construction material. Contravention to this clause may tantamount to contravention to
contract and the Contractor will be responsible of removing the material dumped on a wrong
site, at his own expense as early as possible. In case of delay, the contractor will pay a fine,
suggested by the supervision consultant, for his negligence.
Clause regarding Location of Labour Camps, Material Dumps / Depots, Equipment
and Machinery Yards, approach roads and routes
Punjab Irrigation Department land is available for location of Labour Camps (if required),
Material Plant, Equipment and Machinery Yard Batching Plant (if required). The Contractor
will choose particular sites within the overall campus. If the Contractor chooses to locate his
facilities on a private land, he will himself be responsible for any compensation, resettlement
or rehabilitation process and costs and Supervision Consultant or Punjab Irrigation
Department shall not be involved in acquiring or using the land in making any payments for
doing so. If the contractor selects different location for the Batching Plant, Labour Camp,
borrowing area etc. then the contractor will develop base line data for the new location on his
own cost and resources.
Clause regarding Rehabilitation of Construction and extraction sites
The Contractor shall carry out construction work exactly on the same site and according to
the same design as provided in the Tender Documents. Also the camps site, the material
depot, the machinery and equipment yard, link roads and borrow areas shall, after the
completion of construction, be restored and rehabilitated and brought to at least the same
condition, in which these were handed over to the contract. A set of photographs and a video
tape film shall be prepared to show the pre-construction sites and post construction
rehabilitated sites.
Clause regarding drainage, paths, roads, Linear Fixtures crossed/damaged by
Machinery moving to and from the construction sites
During the construction, if the Contractors vehicles moving to and from the construction
site(s) cause any damage or disruption of services pertaining to drainage systems, paths,
roads linear fixtures e.g., transmission lines and fences, the Contractor shall get the damage
repaired and services restored within the shortest possible time of the damage, failing which
the Supervision Consultants will get an assessment of the damage and losses and debit that
amount to Contractors account and the next payment shall be made to Contractor after
deducting the debited amount.

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Clause regarding earthen embankments or Concrete Work vicinity scouring on the


Protection Bunds or on the main sill structure
All such spots where there is a possibility of scouring of earthen embankments or concrete
work edge as mentioned in the Tender Document and quality included in this Construction
Contract, the Contractor shall protect by protection walls, failing which the payment of the
Contractor shall be with-held.
Clause regarding discharge spill or dumping on any building, House, graveyard,
archaeological site (established or newly found), unstable slopes, un-compacted
embankment or leaking into construction area.
The Contractor shall be contractually bound to not to allow or cause discharge spill or
dumping on any building house, graveyard, archaeological site (established or newly found),
unstable slopes, un-compacted embankment or leakage of material/waste into the
construction area. Any such failure shall be duly noted by Supervision Consultant during site
inspections and contractor shall immediately remedy the situation failing which the payment
of the contractor shall be with-held and the damage so caused shall be debited to contractors
account under the contractual provisions.
Clause regarding Diesel and other fluids spilling over to Canal water from
construction machinery
The Contractor shall ensure that his construction machinery is always in first class working
order and no spilling of Diesel or any other fluids into the Canal, is caused by the defective
machinery of the Contractor. For any such spill the Contractor shall pay the environmental
compensation to be assessed by Supervision Consultant and the said amount shall be debited
towards the payment of the Contractor.
Clause regarding protection of construction work from floods
The Contractor shall, throughout the construction work, manage to keep an eye on the flood
position of the barrage and shall remain in touch with Flood Control Centre and remain
equipped with means and equipment for taking protective measures to protect the works
under construction. Punjab Irrigation Department shall not be responsible for any damage
caused by floods and any works washed away shall be reconstructed by the Contractor at his
own cost within the tenure of the contract.
Clause regarding control on air quality by not allowing machinery to cause dust,
smoke or noise pollution
The Contractor shall not cause deterioration of air quality by using old or ill maintained
machinery which raise excessive dust, produce excessive smoke or cause excessive noise
pollution. The Contractor shall follow strict standards of maintenance of machinery, provide
qualified and trained drivers and operations for the vehicles. The Contractor shall also
sprinkle water on kacha roads to be used as link roads, and sites where the soil is to be
dumped. The Contractor shall provide protective masks to his work force. Failure to do so

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IEE Report

shall be taken as serious contravention of the contract and shall cause the payment to be
deferred till the correction of the situation.

Clause regarding control of dust or other pollutants from stored materials, material
depots or spoil heaps
The Contractor shall:a) locate his material depots and spoil dump as far away from the villages/community
Deras as possible.
b) keep all such materials covered for effective control of the fugitive dust.
Failing to do the Contractor will bear the cost which may have to be incurred on arranging
remedy to defaults.
Clause regarding use of outdated machinery
The Contractor shall obtain a certificate from Vehicle Examiner working under the
Supervision Consultant but paid by the Contractor, that all the machinery employed is either
new or in first class fitness condition so as not to cause smoke or oil leakages. Supervision
Consultant will not allow the use of any outdated machinery.
Clause to Protect the Biological Resources
The Contract will ensure that:a) Unnecessary and out of bound activities/movements are not done outside the campus
allotted to him for setting-up the labour camp, material depots and machinery yard
etc.
b) No fire arms are carried by any of the employees or labour.
c) All Forest, Wildlife and Fisheries Laws are fully respected and abided by the
Contractor and his work force.
d) The Biodiversity is respected and saved on its terrestrial, aquatic and aerial habitats.
e) Inspections by Wildlife, Forest and Fisheries Officers are facilitated in camps to
facilitate a proper implementation of relevant Laws.
f) Communities are given awareness and are involved in proper protection of the Biota
inside and around the Project site.
Clause regarding respect for Socio-economic and Cultural Values and heritage
The Contractor shall:a) Ensure that no damage or disruption is caused to the social infrastructure or public
services being provided to the people e.g., education, health, electricity supply,
drinking water supply facilities for public gathering or religious congregations.
b) Ensure the Contractor or his employees remain above the local Tribal tensions
especially the disputes over distribution of canal water and use of aquatic life.
c) Ensure that existing ownership of land around the Project is respected.
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IEE Report

d) Ensure that if some construction material has to be procured from or through a


member of local community, it must be by a proper Social Framework Agreement
signed by all the parties.
e) Ensure that no damage or adverse effect is caused to archaeological sites (in case find
on site) graveyards and burial places.

Clause regarding Public Safety, Health and Safety at Construction Site, including
measures against HIV/AID and Life insurance
The Contractor shall:a) Put up temporary but prominent sign boards in all of the project activity area warning
people against likely hazards which can be caused due to certain activities. (Also to be
reflected in SFA).
b) Arrange to run a proper campaign in the labour camp, to make people aware of the
causes, mode of transmission and consequences of HIV/AIDS.
c)
Strengthen the existing Basic Health Unit (BHU) for the benefit of the labour
as well as the surrounding villages.
d) Ensure proper cleanliness and hygienic conditions at labour camps by ensuring a
clean mess, proper drainage and suitable disposal of solid waste. Inoculation against
Cholera will be arranged at intervals as recommended by Health Department.
e) Keep all the camps, offices, material depots, machinery yards and work site open for
the inspection of health and safety measures, and related documents and include in the
contract document the text regarding accessibility to the camps etc.
f) Provide proper overall, helmet and field boots and earplugs to work as a precaution
against any mishap, and interlink various parts of the construction complex with local
wireless telephones also fitted the vehicles.
g)
Provide a group insurance cover to the workers and labour on study on site or
in the camp, against accidents, mishaps or loss of life on duty.
Clause regarding employment of Locals in the construction work
The Contractor as an obligation of the Contract will employ, subject to availability and work
ability, maximum number of local labour for construction work.

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IEE Report

Exhibit-7
Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

A- LAND RESOURCES
Borrow materials
Borrow Material:
from earth Borrow
Additional soil required
Areas
for the strengthening of
canal banks will be
excavated from the
designated area (Borrow
Area). The contractor
shall obtain approval
from Consultants
Environmental Specialist
and PMU for using any
site as Borrow Area. The
excavation activities
could have adverse
environmental impacts
including soil erosion,
drainage problem,
threatening of stability of
existing structures, and
impact on the health and
safety of the workers
and local population. As
such these activities
need to be undertaken
with absolute care as
provided in the contract

Environmental Management Plan


Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r

Monitor

1.1 Soil required for


revamping of retired
embankment and other
works would be preferably
obtained from available
government land. If soil is
required to be lifted from
private owned land, then
the owner(s) of the land will
be duly compensated.
1.2 Ensure that the
photographs are taken of
the area.

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
s
With
specification

DC, AC

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Photographi
c record

BC
Once before the start
of Construction

1.3 The contractor will


ensure that the selected
borrow areas are clearly
demarcated, and indicate
the maximum allowable
depth of the pit before the
soil is excavated.

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Records of
clear
boundary
markers
demarked in
place

BC
Once before Start of
excavation

1.4 No soil will be


excavated outside the
demarcated area. If
unexpected soil or strata is
found during excavation at

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
Site
inspections

DC
Daily
Once a month

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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

specification.

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r

Monitor

1.5 The edges of the pits


should be given flat slopes
and area should be leveled
as far as possible when the
excavation is complete.

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Control in
place

DC, AC
After every
excavation

1.6 Barren or infertile land


will be preferred for use as
a borrow area than
agricultural land.
If the agricultural land along
the embankments needs to
be used as a borrow area
then the following additional
measurements will be
undertaken by the
contractor:

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

A detail
Protocol in
Checklist

DC,AC
Daily
At completion of
excavation
When required

the site then excavation


must be stopped
immediately, and the
environmentalist and site
manager should be
informed as soon as
possible.

1.7 Excavate at least 50ft


away from the toe of the
embankments
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Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r

Monitor

2.1 Effective sign-posting


can reinforce safe driving
instructions to the drivers
for example maximum load
limit, type of vehicle
allowed, speed limit etc.

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
with
specification

BC,DC
When required

2.2 It is the Contractors


contractual obligation to
impose strict control
over operators and
drivers of all types of
vehicles.

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

DC
Daily
When required

2.3 If any damage take

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

DC

1.8 Remove 6 inches of the


topsoil and store on a
separate site for its respread back on the levelled
borrow area
1.9 Excavate up to
maximum of 3 feet
1.10 Level slopes as far as
possible
1.11 Place the topsoil back
on reasonably levelled area
2

Damage to Paths,
Access Roads and
Cross Drains

Infrastructure (road,
drains etc.) could be
damaged through
carelessness of the
drivers/operators of
heavy machinery. Such
carelessness can cause
considerable damage to
paths, road and drains if
the drivers/operators are
not made aware, trained
and bound to protect the
infrastructure.

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No.

Project component

Description

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

place, the contractor is


obligated to carry out
repair work
immediately.
2.4 Enforce the maximum
speed limit for site
traffic to 20 km/hour.
3

Impacts of Waste
Disposal Site

Inadequate disposal of
3.1 All waste from the
waste could contaminate
construction activities
the land. If the waste is
should be disposed on
not handled properly it
PID land and according
could be a nuisance and
to the Waste
cause of diseases.
Management Plan
Domestic waste
which will be a part of
contains high
the EMP.
percentage of readily
3.2 Domestic waste
degradable
generated at the
hydrocarbons which
contractor camp and
release bad odor when
site offices to be
decomposition occurs
collected and
especially in hot and
temporarily stored at
humid conditions.
the designated bonded
Construction waste
area within the camp
classified as inert waste,
area before
could pose a problem for
transportation off site.
disposal.
3.3 A temporary domestic
waste storage area to
be prepared maintained

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

DC

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

DC
When required

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance DC
With Waste Regular basis
Managemen
t Plan

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

System in
place

8-4

PMUEU

When required

DC
Regular basis

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

and visually inspected


on a regular basis by
the contractor to
prevent adjacent land
from contamination.
3.4 The location of
construction waste
disposal site to be such
that no tree cutting,
crop destruction or
private land acquisition
occurs.
3.5 Construction waste not
to be mixed with
domestic waste as the
construction waste
could be reused as a fill
material or disposed off
separately.
4

Contamination Due
to Oil/Chemical Spill
or Dumping Outside
Building or House
Near Project Area

Inadequate storage and


mobilizing of material on
site could cause
accidental spills or
leakages. Dumping of
waste material or
spillage at the private
land or outside the
designated area will

4.1 It is the Contractors


Contractual obligation
to design, construct and
maintain material
storage areas.
4.2 All material mobilization
should be controlled
and carried out by
competent staff.

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

BC, DC

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

System in
place

DC
When required

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

BC,DC

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
System in
place

DC

8-5

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

contaminate the land


and water resources.
The owner(s) of the land
may be compensated by
the contractor.

Impacts of Crushed
Stone Transport

Stones shall be brought


from Sargodha District,
so no quarrying has to
be done locally. But the
vehicles carrying the
stones shall exert
additional traffic load on
the roads leading to the
project area. By keeping
the road dust free and
repaired, the impact
shall be mitigated.

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

4.3 All loading and


unloading of the
materials should be
appropriately planned.
4.4 The material storage
area should be
bounded.
4.5 Spill kits, including
absorbing pad, sand
bags etc., should be
available at material
storage area.
4.6 In case of damage to
private land, the land
owner(s) should be
compensated.
5.1 It is the Contractors
contractual obligation to
use the roads and
paths carefully and in
case of any damage,
repair the damaged
roads and paths
immediately.
5.2 Undertake regular
spraying of water on
traffic routes and places
prone to cause dust

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r
CEnv

Monitor
CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

DC

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU
CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
System in
place
System in
place

DC

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

DC, AC

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

DC
When required

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

System in
Place

DC
When required

CEnv

8-6

DC

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

Canal Widening

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r

Monitor

6.1 The exact number of


trees, if required to be
uprooted, must be
determined and the
Forest department
informed minimum one
month before the
removal of tree is
required.
6.2 Every tree cut on site
for the execution of
work should be
replaced with the
plantation of a minimum
of five new trees.

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

BC

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

AC

Pumping groundwater
7.1 It is the responsibility of
from the major aquifer
contractor to test and
for water supply for the
confirm the suitability of
contractors camp shall
groundwater before its
neither cause any
supply for domestic
significant change in the
use.
groundwater reservoir,
nor in the river or canals, 7.2 The depth of extraction

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

System in
place
Water
testing

DC
Quarterly basis

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

DC

pollution.

Responsibility

Widening the canal may


cause uprooting of trees
along the canal. Types
of trees found along the
canal mainly consist of
Kiker and Shesham and
no rare or protected flora
were identified.
Therefore uprooting of
tree could be
compensated with new
plantation in the area
and there will not be
cause significant
adverse impact of the
uprooting of tree.

B- WATER RESOURCE
7

Drinking Water
Supply &
Wastewater
Generated from
Contractors Camp
& Workshop

8-7

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

which in fact recharge


well should be
the reservoir. The
increased until the
impact can be
quality of groundwater
considered as slight and
meets the WHO
temporary. The
standards or the
contractor should tap the
Filtration Unit can be
underground reservoir
installed by the
and install hand pumps
contractor to achieve
or tube wells with an
WHO standards.
overhead water tank to
7.3 Four main measures
supply water to the site
are recommended to be
workers at appropriate
considered to protect
pressure.
health; waste water
reuse, waste water
Wastewater generated
treatment, crop
from the contractors
restriction, control of
camp should be
wastewater application
appropriately treated
and exposure and
before discharge to
promotion of hygiene of
water body or re-use for
those waste water
agriculture purpose.
treatment plants.
There are plenty of
7.4 It is the responsibility of
examples of successful
the contractor to set up
systems using
a suitable and
wastewater for
appropriate wastewater
agriculture. Domestic
collection and disposal
wastewater is expected
system.

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r

Monitor
PMUEU

with WHO
drinking
water
standards

Quarterly testing

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

DC
When required

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
with
contractual
obligation

DC
Daily
When required

8-8

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

to be contaminated with
pathogens. Many factors
affect the degree to
which the potential risk
due to the presence of
pathogens in
wastewater can become
an actual risk of disease
transmission and pose a
health risk to consumers
and workers (farmers).
The following situation
can have an adverse
impact on human health:
5.

Either an infective
dose of an active
pathogen reaches
the field or pond or
the
pathogen
multiplies in the
field or pond to
form an infective
dose.
6. The infective dose
reaches a human
host.
7. The host becomes

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

7.5 Method and level of


treatment of wastewater
depends upon the
anticipated use of the
effluent. In view of the
expected use of treated
water for agriculture
purposes, treatment at
primary level will be
cost effective. It is
therefore proposed that
lined septic tanks with
bypass arrangement for
rainwater be provided in
the contractors camp
with about three days
storage capacity of
wastewater.
7.6 To keep the cost to a
minimum it is
recommended to install
a partial wastewater
treatment system, using
lined septic tanks, as
well as crop restriction
control measure for
reuse of wastewater in
agriculture. The septic
tank should not be
deeper than 4m to

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r
CEnv

Monitor
CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
of
contractual
obligation

BC, DC
At the design stage
of waste treatment
system

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
of
contractual
obligation

BC, DC
At the design stage
of waste treatment
system

8-9

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

infected
8. The infection causes
disease or further
transmission.

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

avoid anaerobic
degradation of the
organic compound of
wastewater. Treatment
by underground septic
tank for about 3 to 4
days retention removes
most of helminth eggs
sufficiently to protect
the health of agriculture
workers and
consumers.
7.7 If the waste water is
discharged into the
control water body i.e.
river or canal then it is
the contractors
contractual obligation to
confirm that the effluent
meets the NEQS levels.
Provision of
underground septic
tank is a preliminary
treatment and reduces
the total suspended
solids (TSS)
concentration to the
acceptable level;
however it may not

Responsibility
Executo
r

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

8-10

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Compliance
of
contractual
obligation
Effluent
testing

Frequency

BC, DC
At the design stage
of waste treatment
system
Quarterly testing

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

reduce BOD up to the


required level.
Therefore it is
suggested that, if
required, an aeration
treatment system
should be emplaced to
meet the BOD level
before the discharge of
the effluent into the
river.
7.8 The treated domestic
sewage should be
tested on regular basis
if it is used for
agricultural purposes.
8

Electrical &
Mechanical Work

As most of the electrical


/ mechanical work is to
be performed at the
canals structure, any
accidental spill of
material could be
devastating for the
aquatic environment.

8.1 All temporary structure


should be designed and
built after receiving
Engineers approval.
8.2 Good housekeeping
should be maintained to
avoid any accidental
spill or falling of objects
in to the canal.
8.3 Oil based material
should be kept in a
bounded browser or
container.

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Compliance
of
contractual
obligation
Effluent
testing
Compliance

DC
Quarterly testing

Executo
r

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

System in
place

DC

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
System in
place

DC
Daily

8-11

BC, DC
When required

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Extended Canal
Closure

Description

Gate repair work,


installation of the
hoisting system and
road bridge construction
may require the closure
of canals. Non

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

8.4 Electrical equipment


should be handled with
extra care. Provide
proper PPE (personal
protected equipment)
for all the workers as a
precaution against any
mishap, and interlink
various parts of the
construction complex.
9.1 All the activities that
require canal closure
will only be undertaken
during the annual
routine closure of the
canals.

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r
CEnv

Monitor
CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
System in
place

DC
Daily

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

DC

8-12

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

availability of the canal


9.2 If work that requires
water could adversely
canal closure needs to
affect crops within the
be carried out during
canal command area.
the period in which the
However, all work that
canal is open, then a
requires the canal to be
temporary channel
closed will be arranged
must be constructed to
during routine canal
ensure that the canals
closure or diversion
run routinely during the
channels will be
execution of work.
constructed during
construction work,
therefore no extended
canal closure will be
required. During site
visits it has been
observed that the people
living within the canal
command area do not
use canal water for
drinking purpose. The
canal water is primarily
used for agricultural
purposes and at a few
places within the canal
command area for
domestic clothes
washing.

Responsibility
Executo
r
CEnv

8-13

Monitor
CSCEnv
PMUEU

Parameters
for
Monitoring
Compliance

Frequency

BC,DC,

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

10

Project component

Impacts from
Infrastructure
Construction
Activities

Description

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

The construction of a
10.1 The contractor must
road bridge, canal bank
provide a temporary
strengthening, regulating
route during bridge
structure etc. will be
construction and the
included in the
route should be
rehabilitation work of the
adequate for the
canal. The existing
existing traffic and
infrastructure found at
construction site traffic.
the canal is deteriorated
It must be designed by
and requires repair
a competent contractor.
work. It is anticipated
that during construction
10.2 It is the contractors
activities, ambient air
obligation to use the
quality could deteriorate
roads and other paths
due to dust, noise and
carefully and repair the
machinerys exhaust
roads in case of any
emission.
damage.
10.3 Air quality should be
monitored on a regular
basis through certified
3rd party to ensure that
pollutant levels are
within the prescribed
NEQS levels.
10.4 Effective sign-posting
will be adopted by the
contractor to reinforce
instructions to the
drivers.

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r
CEnv

Monitor
CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

BC, DC

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

DC, AC

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
Air
monitoring

DC
Quaterly

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
with
specification

BC, DC
When required

8-14

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

11

Project component

Source of
Construction Water

Description

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

10.5 The Traffic


Management Plan will
be prepared and
implemented by the
contractor.
The contractor could use 11.1 The contractor is
canal water as a source
obligated under the
of water for sprinkling on
contract to supply
kacha (unpaved) path
running tap water, flush
for dust control and for
latrines and
vehicle washing
underground septic
purposes.
tanks for the disposal of
wastewater through the
Groundwater could be
sewerage system.
used as a source of
water supply for the
contractors camp and
11.2 It would be ensured
the batching Plant. The
that wastewater is not
contractor should tap the
pumped into the canal
underground reservoir
system without
and install hand pumps
treatment.
or tubewells with
11.3 All the wastewater
overhead tanks to
generated from vehicle
supply drinking water to
washing and site set
the labor camp, and to
ups e.g. batching plant,
the batching plant for
plant & equipment yard
concrete preparation.
etc. should be tested to
Withdrawing water from
meet the NEQS
the aquifer shall not
standards for effluents
cause any significant
before being disposal.

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r
CEnv

Monitor
CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

BC, DC

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

DC
When required

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

DC
When required

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
Monitoring

DC
Quarterly

8-15

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

Responsibility
Executo
r

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

12.2 The batching plant


should be located at
least 500m away from
any living area.

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

12.3 The plant should not


be operated outside
working hours.

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

change in the storage of


the aquifer nor the river
and canals, which
eventually recharge it.
The impact can be
considered as slight and
temporary.

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

C- AIR QUALITY
12

Dust, smoke and


other potential
pollutants from
Plants & equipments

Emission or dust from


the batching plant can
be very harmful for the
site workers and the
local population. The
emission/dust could
cause skin and
respiratory disease e.g.
skin rashes, lungs
problem etc. Roads and
traffic will be affected
due to the movement of
heavy vehicles in the
area. Therefore the
contractor must select a

12.1 Air quality should be


monitored on regular
basis near the plant
through a certified 3rd
party.

8-16

Monitoring
gaseous
emission
rates from
generators
and other
equipments
System in
place

DC,
Quarterly basis

System in
place

DC
Daily

BC
Once at the start of
the work

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

suitable location for the


batching plant (if
required) and the
following control
measures shall be
adopted:

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

Responsibility
Executo
r
CEnv

12.4 Regular spraying of


water should be
undertaken to minimize
dust pollution.
12.5 All vehicles,
CEnv
machinery, equipment
and generators used
during construction
activities will be kept in
good working condition
to minimize exhaust
emissions.
12.6 Proper PPE should be CEnv
issued to the site
workers and measures
should be adopted to
ensure that the workers
will wear the PPE when
working on site.
12.7 If the location the
CEnv
batching plant is close
to the living area or
water body, the
following additional
conditions must be
followed:
The plant has to be
a Zero Emission
Plant.
This
will
include
using
8-17

Monitor

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

CSCEnv
PMUEU
CSCEnv
PMUEU

Monitoring
gaseous
emission
rates from
generators
and other
equipments

DC
Quarterly

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
System in
place

DC
Daily

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
Monitoring

BC
DC
Quaterly
When required

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

Smoke from burning


of waste material or
burning of firewood
in the labour camp

A large number of big


and small fires in the
contractors camp can
produce smoke and
smog which can cut off
visibility, reduce traffic
ability and cause
suffocation along with

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r

Monitor

13.1 Contractors
obligations to provide gas
to the labour and not allow
them to use wood as fuel.

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
contractual
obligations

BC
Once at the start of
work
DC
Once a week

13.2 Ensure that all the


combustible non-hazardous

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMU-

System in
place

DC
Daily

washed aggregate
and enclosed silos
with
automatic
injection system of
the material in to the
mixing chamber.
The
plant
area
should
be
constructed
and
maintained on an
impermeable layer
to
prevent
contamination
of
canal water from
surface run off.
The
access
roads/paths should
be sprayed with
water on a regular
basis to minimize
dust pollution.
13

Responsibility

8-18

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

causing diseases of the


respiratory tract.

14

Noise Pollution from


Construction
Activities

Many living areas are


located along the canal
bank and noise pollution
could be issue during
construction phase of
the project. Pakpattan
Canal banks also
provide habitat of many
different species of
game birds including
partridges.

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Maintain
record

DC
When required

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMOEU

Maintain
record

DC
When required

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
with the
contract

DC
Daily
When required

14.2 Ensure the minimum


use of vehicle horns
particularly along the
embankments (forming a
boundary of wildlife game
reserve area) and access
roads
14.3 Ensure the
implementation of the
20km/h speed limit on site.

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

DC
Daily
When required

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

DC
Daily
When required

14.4 Ensure that periodic


noise measurements are
undertaken to monitor
noise level during day and

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Noise
Monitoring

DC
Monthly basis
When required

waste material should be


burnt in the burn pit.
13.3 Ensure that the
quantity of waste burnt at
one time is managed so as
to minimize smoke
emission
13.4 control fuel
consumption and minimize
its waste or leakage by
regular monitoring
14.1 Contractors obligation
is to use appropriate and fit
for purpose machinery

8-19

EU

When required

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

D- BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Damage to
15
The labour camp and
biological resources batching plant location
during construction. should be carefully
selected to minimize
tree cutting and wildlife
habitat disturbance. The
natural habitat is
vulnerable to noise and
dust generated from the
movement of site traffic
and work activities along
the embankments.

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

BC
Once at the time of
aligning of access
road

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
with EMP

DC
Daily
Once a month

15.3 It is the contractors


CEnv
obligation to ensure that
unnecessary and out of
bound
activities/movements do
not occur within the
allotted area for setting
up the contractor camp,
material depots and
machinery yard.
15.4 No fire arms should be CEnv
carried by any site
worker.

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
with Waste
Disposal
Plan

DC
Daily
When required

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
Site
inspection

DC
Daily
When required

15.5 All forest, wildlife and

CSCEnv

Compliance

DC

night.
15.1 Select the locations for
contractor camp and
batching plant (if
required) such that
no/minimum tree cutting
is required.
15.2 The outside boundary
of the camp should be
fenced or walled to
keep camp activities
inside the camp area
only.

CEnv
8-20

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

fisheries laws should be


fully respected and
abided by the
contractor and his work
force.
15.6 Necessary sign
boards should be
displayed to remind the
labour, visitors and
members of public of
their obligations
towards natural habitat.
15.7 Inspections by wildlife,
forest and fisheries
officers should be
facilitated at the
working area to ensure
implementation of
relevant laws.
15.8 24 hours security
should be provided by
the contractor at the
Labor Camp and
Batching Plant.
15.9 Every tree cut on site
for the execution of
work should be
replaced with the
plantation of a minimum
of five new trees.

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r

Monitor
PMUEU

with
IEE/EMP
Endorse
speed limit

Daily
When required

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
with
Environmen
tal
protection
Act

BC/DC
Daily
When required

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
with wildlife
protection
rules &
regulation

BC/DC
Daily
When required

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
with Fishery
rules &
regulation

DC
Daily
When required

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
with
Environmen
tal and
Wildlife
Protection

DC
Daily
When required

8-21

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r

Monitor

15.10 All vehicles,


machinery, equipment
and generators used
during construction
activities will be kept in
good working condition
and be properly tuned
to reduce noise,
exhaust and land
disturbance.
15.11 Communities are
given awareness and
are involved in proper
protection of the natural
habitat inside and
around the project area.

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Consultation DC
with Wildlife When required
Department

15.12 No unauthorized tree


or bush cutting will be
allowed. Should it be
necessary, it should not
be done without the
permission of the The
Engineer and must
follow the change
management process.

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance DC
with
Daily
mitigation
When required
measures
as explain in
IEE

8-22

laws
Site
inspections
Fenced the
contractors
facilities

DC
Daily
When required

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

E- SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ISSUES


Impacts on Local
There is a risk of
Population due to
adversely affecting the
Migrating Labour
social life of the local
from other Parts of
population due to the
the Country
arrival of a large number
of laborers from outside
the area. Extra burden
on the local
infrastructure and
services e.g. medical
facility, shops,
restaurants, mosque,
public transport etc. is
also anticipated.

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r
CEnv

Monitor
CSCEnv
PMUEU

Include a
specialize
ecologist in
the
environment
al team

BC
At the preparation of
IEE
DC
Quarterly basis

16.1The outside boundary


of the camp should be
fenced or walled for
security reasons.
16.2 Locating a labour
camp at least 500m or
ideally 1km away from the
villages (local settlement).

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

BC
DC

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

BC
Once at the start of
work

16.3 Leisure facilities


including play grounds,
restaurant etc. should be
provided inside the labour
camp.

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

System in
place

DC

16.4 All the unskilled labour


and where possible skilled
labour should be arranged
locally.
16.5 Pick and drop facilities

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

System in
place

DC
When required

CEnv

CSCEnv

System in

DC

15.15 If possible, the nests


of birds on trees that
need to be uprooted
should be shifted to
other nearby trees.

16

Responsibility

8-23

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

should be arranged.

17

Adverse effects on
archaeological sites
any grave yards and
burial sites

No important cultural
and archaeological site
has been found or
reported in the area,

Responsibility
Executo
r

Monitor

Parameters
for
Monitoring

PMUEU
CSCEnv
PMUEU

place

Frequency

When required

16.6 The camp should be


located within PID land,
such that there is no private
land acquisition required for
this activity.

CEnv

17.1 If any archaeological,


historical, cultural, religious
or grave yard found during
the project implementation
then the contractor will
ensure that no damage to
any such sites is caused
due to the project activities.
However no such site is
indicated in the project area
currently.
17.2 Ensure that if any
such sites are found during
the construction stage
informed to the site office
immediately.

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
with law
indicated in
chapter 2 of
IEE

BC
At the completion of
IEE
DC
Daily
When required

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

DC
Daily

8-24

Compliance

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

18

19

Project component

Land Acquisition

Communicable
Diseases.

Description

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Frequency

Executo
r
CEnv

Monitor
CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
with labour
laws in
contract
documents

BC
At the stage of
employment
DC
When required

Generally, land
acquisition is required
for work activities such
as widening of the
embankments, access
road, Contractor Camp,
Batching Plant, work
base area, waste
disposal site and borrow
area. To facilitate these
activities, the PID is
already in possession of
enough land where
these works can be
executed though
temporary acquisitions
of private land for
borrow materials may be
require in this project.

18.1 All the activities


requiring land acquisition
are to be planned by PID.
Private land is to be
acquired under the 1894
Land Acquisition Act and
the cost of land is to be
paid to the owners. An
appropriate framework
agreement should be
completed and signed by
all the concerned parties.
18.2 Resettlement Action
Plan (RAP) shall be
prepared to compensate
and restore the livelihood of
the affectees.

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance

BC
At the stage of
employment

The labour camp, their


interaction with truck
drivers and alike
personnel are potential
places for spread of
Communicable
Diseases if the
incidence exists. Almost
100% of the people of

19.1 Ensure that periodic


awareness campaign for
HIV/AIDS are undertaken
for the project staff
19.2 Ensure that a risk
assessment of the spread
of HIV/AIDS is undertaken
in the project area on the
basis of data from the

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

DC
Quarterly
When required

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

Compliance
with safety
awareness
courses
Medical
testing of
site worker

8-25

BC
At the employment
DC
Quarterly basis

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

Sr.
No.

Project component

Description

project area and the


potential labour are not
aware of the source,
mode of communication
or consequences of
Hepatitis, HIV/AIDS.
Although their religious
and cultural value
system, to a large extent
excludes the outbreak or
rapid communication of
HIV/AIDS, yet its
occurrence in such a
situation cannot be
precluded. It is
necessary that along
with other
communicable diseases
like Cholera, Typhoid
and Tuberculosis,
awareness and
preventive campaigns
are run from time to time
in the labour camps and
the field offices of the
project on HIV/AIDS.

IEE Report

Measures / Actions

Punjab HIV/AIDS program.


19.3 The medical staff
ensure periodical checks of
the cooking staff and
cooking practice particularly
for symptoms of hepatitis B.

Responsibility
Executo
r

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMUEU

8-26

Parameters
for
Monitoring

Medical
Testing

Frequency

DC
When required

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

APPENDICES

Appendices

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

Appendix 4.1: Environmental Test Results


Surface Water Quality Results

No.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Suleima
nki
Barrage
11.11.20
09

Pakpattan Canal
(Average concentrations)
2007
Head
Middle
Tail
of
RD
RD
Canal
275
460

Parameter
s

Unit

pH

7.12

7.62

7.41

dS/m

0.42

0.49

meq/l

2.69

me/l

Electrical
Conductivit
y
Sodium
Absorption
Ratio
Residual
Sodium
Cabonate
Copper
(Cu)

Water Quality
Standards
WHO

NEQS

FAO

7.43

6.5-9.5

6-9

0.52

0.59

0-3

1.81

2.12

2.21

0-15

ND

0.15

0.48

0.22

mg/l

<0.01

0.33

0.30

0.33

2.00

1.00

0.01

0.50

3. 9x10-

6.

Lead (Pb)

mg/l

0.02

3.
8x10-4

3. 8x10-4

7.

Nickel (Ni)

mg/l

<0.01

0.0002
1

0.00020

0.00020

0.02

1.00

8.

Zinc (Zn)

mg/l

0.02

0.43

0.38

0.41

3.00

5.00

9.

Turbidity

NTU

21

10.

BOD5

mg/l

80

11.

COD

mg/l

12

150

12.

Total Coli
Form

MPN/
100m
l

57

mg/l

28

200

mg/l

273

1000

3500

0-2000

mg/l

31.98

250

1000

0-1060

mg/l

34.78

250

600

0-960

mg/l

1.4

50

0-10

mg/l

0.33

1.50

10

13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

Total
Suspende
d Solids
Total
Dissolved
Solids
Chloride
(Cl)
Sulphates
(SO4)
Nitrates
(NO3)
Fluoride

Appendices

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

19.

Ammonia

mg/l

0.8

1.50

40.0

20.

Grease &
Oil

mg/l

<1.0

10.0

21.

Chromium
(Cr)

mg/l

<0.01

0.05

1.00

22.

Mercury
(Hg)

mg/l

<0.001

0.001

0.01

23.

Selenium
(Se)

mg/l

<0.01

0.01

0.50

24.

Silver (Ag)

mg/l

<0.1

1.00

25.

Barium
(Ba)

mg/l

<0.5

0.7

1.50

26.

Iron (Fe)

mg/l

0.54

0.3

8.00

27.

Manganes
e (Mn)

mg/l

0.02

0.50

1.50

28.

Chlorine

mg/l

<0.1

1.00

29.

Magnesiu
m

mg/l

9.0

0-60

30.

Calcium

mg/l

36

0-400

Appendices

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

APPENDIX 6.1: MINUTES AND RESPONSE TO THE


COMMENTS

Appendices

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

PUBLIC HEARING
PIAIP REHABILITATION AND UPGRADING OF PAKPATTAN CANAL
SYSTEM
(MINUTES AND RESPONSE TO THE COMMENTS)
Event

Public Hearing Under Section-12 of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act


(PEPA), 1997

Date

17 January 2012

Location

Canal Colony Rest House Pakpattan

Client

Punjab Irrigation Department

Project

Rehabilitation & Upgrading Pakpattan Canal

Prepared by

JV Consultant

Participant(s)

List of participants attached

Distribution

EPA Punjab and Project Management Unit (PMU)

Sr.
No.

Item

Responsibility/Action

Introduction

1.1

Public Hearing of Rehabilitation & Upgrading Pakpattan Canal INFO


System was started at about 11:30 a.m. with the recitation of Holy
Quran. Environmental Specialist Mr. Ahsan Bela welcomed the
delegates, briefed the objectives of the public hearing and
introduced the project team. He then briefly described the
activities schedule for the event.

Project Brief

2.1

Deputy Project Manager Mr. Ehsan-Ulah-Sardar explained the INFO


project details and major components of the project.

ENVIRONMENTAL Aspects of the Project

3.1

Present environment of the area, anticipated environmental


impact of the project and their mitigation measures were INFO
explained by Mr. Ahsan Bela.

Open Discussion

4.1

Cattle Ghat
It was requested by participant of public hearing that additional
Specified in IEE at
cattle ghats should be provided.
section 3.5
It was explained that the existing cattle ghats will be rehabilitated
and provision of additional cattle ghats will considered in the
project.

Appendices

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

4.2

IEE Report

Public Park
A public member raised a point about the development of public
parks; he recommended the development of more public parks in
addition to the project scope of work that includes development of
only two public parks.
The house was informed that possibility of development of
additional parks on the available strips of land of Irrigation
Department near the towns would be explored and if feasible will
be included in the project.

4.3

to

The info. will be updated


after evaluating feasibility
of developing parks.

IEE

at

The consultant team responded that during construction phase of Specified in


the project maximum opportunity of semi-skilled and skilled jobs section 7.5.4
will be provided to the locals.

IEE

at

IEE

at

Job Opportunity for Locals

Protecting Local Properties and Crop


The concern was raised that local properties and crops will be
damaged due to construction activities.

Specified in
It was clarified that construction activities will be carried out with section 7.3.1.2
least damage to local properties and crops. In case of any
damage the affectees will be compensated at prevailing market
rates.
4.6

Tree Cutting
The participants of public hearing pointed out that the construction
of diversion channel and bank strengthening would require tree Specified in IEE
cutting.
section 7.4 & 8.7.
It was clarified that detailed tree inventory will be prepared by a
team consisting of representatives of Irrigation, forest and wildlife
departments. The cutting of trees will be avoided to the extent
possible. However, in case of trees removal replenishment cost
for plantation of atleast 05 trees for each tree cut will be provided.

4.7

at

Specified in
section 7.5.1

It was clarified that temporary occupation as well as permanent


land acquisition will be compensated on current market rates.

4.5

IEE

Resettlement and Private Land Acquisition


Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared
compensate and restore the livelihood of the affectees.

4.4

Specified in
section 8.7.

at

Protecting Canal Water


The issue regarding contamination of canal water was raised by a
public member.

Public
/
It was clarified by the consultant that it is contractors obligation to Department
protect the canal water from contamination during construction
phase and it is the responsibility of public and the Irrigation
department to control the disposal of waste in canal water and
along canal banks.

Irrigation

Appendices

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

APPENDIX 7.1: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

Appendices

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

IEE Report

Appendix 7.1 of ADBs Environment Policy

Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist


IRRIGATION
Country/Project Title: Pakistan / Pakpattan Canal System Rehabilitation & Up-gradation
Prepared by:

Water Resources Division NESPAK (Project Consultant)


SCREENING QUESTIONS

YES

No

REMARKS

A. Project Siting
Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the
following environmentally sensitive areas?
Protected Area

Wetland

Mangrove

Estuarine

Buffer zone of protected area

Special area for protecting biodiversity

No permanent adverse environmental impact is anticipated from the Project Siting. All the impacts will be of temporary nature and mitigable.
B. Potential Environmental Impacts
Will the Project cause...
Loss of precious ecological values (e.g. result of
encroachment into forests/swamp lands or
historical/cultural buildings/areas, disruption of
hydrology of natural waterways, regional flooding, and
drainage hazards)?

Loss any ecological values is not anticipated. In fact the proposed


development of Public Parks and new plantation along the canal
system will increase the aesthetic value and biodiversity of the
area.

Appendices

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

SCREENING QUESTIONS

IEE Report

YES

No

REMARKS

No conflicts in water supply rights are anticipated as there will be


no change in water courses.

Impediments to movements of people and animals?

Temporary impediments of people and livestock during


construction will be control through careful selection of
contractors camp locations and provision of alternative routines
and access paths (traffic management plan).

Potential ecological problems due to increased soil


erosion and siltation, leading to decreased stream
capacity?

Canal discharge will not be reduced

Insufficient drainage leading to salinity intrusion?

Over pumping of groundwater, leading to salinization


and ground subsidence?

Impairment of downstream water quality and


therefore, impairment of downstream beneficial uses
of water?

Conflicts in water supply rights and related social


conflicts?

Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

A large scale resettlement is not required for this project.


Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) will be prepared to manage the
resettlement issue of isolated encroachers at the canal banks.

Potential social conflicts arising from land tenure and


land use issues?

Soil erosion before compaction and lining of canals?

Noise from construction equipment?

dust?

Over pumping of groundwater is not anticipated. Groundwater


pumping for the water supply to the contractor camp is negligible
compare to the available ample source of groundwater.

Labour-related social problems especially if workers


from different areas are hired?

Waterlogging and soil salinization due to inadequate


drainage and farm management?

Soil erosion is not anticipated as the project is only a rehabilitation


of existing canal system.
It will be further ensured that suitable Plant & Equipment use will
minimize noise.
Mitigation through sprinkling water when required. 24 hours
monitoring of dust is proposed in Environment Management Plan
Sufficient local source of labour is available. Outside labour will be
employed only for those fields for which local skilled labour is not
available, which will be very low in number.
No waterlogging and salinization impact is anticipated from the
project implementation

Appendices

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Pakpattan Canal

SCREENING QUESTIONS
Leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soil
characteristics due to excessive application of
irrigation water?

IEE Report

YES

No

Reduction of downstream water supply during peak


seasons?

Soil pollution, polluted farm runoff and groundwater,


and public health risks due to excessive application of
fertilizers and pesticides?

Logging of canals by sediments?

Clogging of canals by weeds?

Seawater intrusion into downstream freshwater


systems?
Introduction of increase in incidence of waterborne or
water related diseases?

Soil erosion (furrow, surface)?


Scouring of canals?

REMARKS

Work will be managed during routine canal closure and design


provides temporary structure (diverting channels) at necessary
points.

Detail Hydraulic study ensure no scouring occur in canal


Detail Hydraulic study ensure no logging occur due to
sedimentation
Canal clogging by weeds will be reduced due to the Project
implementation.
No change in quality of water is anticipated from the project
activities

Appendices

Initial Environmental Examination


Suleimanki Barrage

TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 6
1.1

GENERAL ................................................................................................................................ 6

1.2

BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................... 7

1.3

PROJECT OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................... 7

1.4

PORJECT DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................... 8

1.5

PROJECT LOCATION ............................................................................................................... 9

1.6

PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE ............................................................................................... 9

1.7

REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ............................................................................................. 9

1.8

APPROACHES ADOPTED FOR THE STUDY ............................................................................ 10

CHAPTER 2: LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATION FRAMEWORK POLICY............................................... 15


2.1

GENERAL .............................................................................................................................. 15

2.2

REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN PAKISTAN....................................................................... 15

2.3

NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY................................................................................ 15

2.4

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY .................................................................................. 15

2.5

GUIDE LINE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT............................................................... 16

2.6

ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................ 16

2.7

ENVIRONMENT-RELATED STATUTES ................................................................................... 17

2.8

FIDIC Clauses........................................................................................................................ 19

2.9

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GUIDELINES ........................................................................... 19

2.10

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS) 2000 ..................................... 20

2.11

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ......................................................................................... 21

CHAPTER 3: THE PROJECT.......................................................................................................... 22


3.1

HISTORY ............................................................................................................................... 22

3.2

EXISTING BARRAGE STRUCTURE.......................................................................................... 22

3.3

THE PROBLEM ...................................................................................................................... 25

3.4

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT............................................................................................ 25

3.5

LABOUR CAMP ..................................................................................................................... 26

3.7

MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................. 26

3.8

SOURCE OF MATERIAL ......................................................................................................... 27

3.8

EQUIPMENT AND MACHINERY YARD .................................................................................. 28

CHAPTER 4: BASE LINE CONDITION............................................................................................ 30


4.1

GENERAL .............................................................................................................................. 30

4.2

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................... 30

4.3

BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................... 48

4.4

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ......................................................................................... 56

CHAPTER 5: STUDY OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ......................................................................... 75


5.1

NO PROJECT OPTION (WORST CASE SCENARIO OPTION) ................................................... 75

5.2

OPTION 1: PROVISION OF BYPASS CHANNEL ...................................................................... 76

5.3

OPTION 2: REHABILITATION OF BARRAGE (SELECTED OPTION FOR DETAIL DESIGN) ........ 77

CHAPTER 6: IMPACT ASSESSMENT, MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES ..................... 79


6.1

POTENTIAL IMPACT SOURCES ............................................................................................. 79

6.2

IMPACTS AND MITIGATIION MEASURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF


THE PROJECT........................................................................................................................ 79

6.3

IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING DESIGN PHASE ....................................... 84

6.4

IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ........................... 84

6.5

OPERATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT (O&M) PHASE .......................................................... 100

CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................... 101


7.1

MITIGATION PLAN ............................................................................................................. 101

7.2

MITIGATION OF ADVERSE IMPACTS AT DESIGN PHASE .................................................... 102

7.3

MITIGATION ADVERSE IMPACT AT CONSTRUCTION PHASE ............................................. 102

7.4

MONITORING PLAN ........................................................................................................... 104

7.5

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ....................................................................................... 161

7.6

CHANGE MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................... 167

7.7

COMMUNICATION AND DOCUMENTATION...................................................................... 168

7.8

WASTE DISPOSAL PLAN ..................................................................................................... 172

7.9

ILLUSTRATED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT.............................................................................. 176

7.10

OUTLINE OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND CONTINGENCY PLAN ..................................... 177

7.11

HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT (HSE) PLAN ................................................................ 179

7.12

TREE PLANTATION ............................................................................................................. 181

7.13

BORROW AREAS RESTORATION ........................................................................................ 181

7.14

LAND ACQUISITION PROCEDURE....................................................................................... 181

7.15

RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN................................................................................................. 182

7.16

TRAINING PLAN.182

7.17

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COST ........................................................................... 189

7.18

CONCLUSION..199

CHAPTER 8: PUBLIC CONSULTATION........................................................................................ 202


8.1

GENERAL ............................................................................................................................ 202

8.2

LEGAL REQUIREMENT FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION ......................................................... 202

8.3

CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 202

8.4

OBJECTIVES ACHIEVED WITH THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION .............................................. 203

8.5

CONSULTATION AND DISCUSSION DURING IMPLEMENTATION ....................................... 205

APPENDICES
Appendix 2.1

National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS)

Appendix 3.1

Construction Schedule

Appendix 4.1

Sampling Procedure and Test Results

Appendix 4.2

Water Quality Guidelines and Standards

Appendix 6.1

Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA)

List of Figures
Figure-1.1:

Project Location Map

Figure-1.2

Overall Environment Study Area Map

Figure-1.3:

Suleimanki Barrage Environment Study Area Map

Figure-3.1:

Project Layout of Selected Works Scheme

Figure-4.1:

Seismic Zoning Map of Pakistan

Figure-4.2:

Flood Plan near Suleimanki Barrage

Figure-7.1:

Proposed Traffic Management Map

List of Tables
Table-2.1:

Effluent Discharge Standards Applicable to the Works

Table-2.2:

Gaseous Emission Levels

Table-2.3:

Noise Emission Levels

Table-3.1:

Source of Raw Material

Table-4.1:

Surface Salinity Statistics

Table-4.2:

Average River Flows Upstream of the Sulemanki Barrage (MAF

Table-4.3:

Peak Discharge of Prominent Years in River Sutlej at Suleimanki Barrage

Table-4.4:

Laboratory Analysis Report of Surface Water Samples

Table-4.5:

Laboratory Analysis Report of Surface Water Samples (FAO limits

Table-4.6

Groundwater Test Results

Table-4.7:

Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purpose

Table-4.8:

Shallow Ground Water Quality within Canal Command Areas

Table-4.9:

Settlement Structure

Table-4.10:

Religion

Table-4.11:

Languages

Table-4.12:

Demographic Characteristics

Table-4.13:

Age Distribution of Sample Respondents by household Categories

Table-4.14:

Households Distribution According to Caste

Table-4.15:

Education Level of Sample Population

Table-4.16:

Occupation

Table-4.17:

Habitation

Table-4.18:

Source of Drinking Water

Table-4.19:

Source of Light

Table-6.1:

Project Evaluation of Environmental Impacts

Table-7.1:

Traffic Survey Conducted at Suleimanki Barrage

Table-7.2:

Environmental Monitoring Plan for the Construction Phase

Table-7.3:

Environment & Management Cost

Table-8.1:

Public Consultation

List of Plates
Plate 4.1:

A view of Female Participation in Household Relating Task

Plate 4.2:

A view of Females participation for livestock activities

Plate 4.3:

A view of Kacha Affected House

Plate 4.4:

Right Side Divide Wall and Fish Ladder Upstream

Plate 4.5:

Left Side Divide Wall and Fish Ladder Upstream

Plate 4.6:

Fazillka Drain entering Barrage Pond from India

Plate 4.7:

Bela Developed in Left Pocket of Pond Area

Plate 4.8:

Consultation with Wildlife Staff at Wildlife Public Park

Plate 4.9:

Consultation with Fishing Department at Suleimanki Barrage

Plate 5.1

Collected During the Consultation with Wildlife Staff

Plate 5.2

Collected During the Consultation with Fishery Staff

List of Abbreviation
ADB

Asian Development Bank

amsl

Above Mean Sea Level

AOI

Area of Influence

BOD

Biological Oxygen Demand

BC

Before Construction

CCA

Cultivable Command Area

CMS

Conservation of Migratory Species

COD

Chemical Oxygen Demand

COSHH

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health

DC

During Construction

EC

Electrical Conductivity

EIA

Environmental Impact Assessment

EMMP

Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan

EMP

Environmental Management Plan

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency

EPAs

Environmental Protection Agencies

EIA

Environmental Impact Assessment

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization

GCA

Gross Cultivated Area

GoP

Government of Punjab

GRC

Grievance Redress Committee

GRR

Grievance Redress Register

IPD

Irrigation and Power Department

LMB

Left Marginal Bund

LRE

Left Retaining Embankment

IEE

Initial Environmental Examination

IWT

Indus Water Treaty

M&E

Monitoring and Evaluation

NCS

National Conservation Strategy

NEQS

National Environmental Quality Standards

NOC

No-Objection Certificate

O&M

Operation and Maintenance

P&D

Planning and Development Department

PEPA

Pakistan Environmental Protection Act

PEPC

Pakistan Environmental Protections Council

PIU

Project Implementation Unit

PMO

Project Management Office

PPC

Pakistan Penal Code

PPE

Personal Protective Equipment

RSC

Residual Sodium Carbonate

RD

Reduced Distance

RMB

Right Marginal Bund

RRE

Right Retaining Embankment

SAR

Sodium Adsorption Ratio

SCARP

Salinity Control and Reclamation Project

SEMU

Social & Environmental Management Unit

SFA

Social Frame Work Agreement

SMO

SCARPS Monitoring Organization

SOP

Survey of Pakistan

SSOP

Soil Survey of Pakistan

TDS

Total Dissolved Solids

US-EPA

United States Environmental Protection Agency

WAPDA

Water and Power Development Authority

WHO

World Health Organization

WWF

Worldwide Fund for Nature

UNITS AND CONVERSION FACTORS


Length
1 inch

25.4 millimeters

1 meter

3.281 ft

1 mile

1609 meters =

1760 yards

1 sq. m

10.76 sq. ft

1.196 sq. yd

1 hectares

2.47 Acres

10,000 sq. m

1 sq. km

100 hectares

5280 ft

Area

Volume
1 US wet gallon

0.833 imperial gallon =

3.785 liters

1 US dry gallon

0.967 imperial gallon =

4.404 liters

1 cu. meters

35.28 cu. ft

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
S-1

Introduction

Government of Punjab is planning to undertake the rehabilitation of Punjab Barrages and


improvement and modernization of the irrigation and water management system in the
Punjab Province which include the rehabilitation and up-grading of the Sulemanki Barrage.
ADB is providing fund for Suleimanki Barrage Rehabilitation & Up-grading work. The
Environmental Assessment study of the proposed project has been carried out in
accordance with Pakistan statutory requirement and Asian Bank Environment Policy.
Suleimanki Barrage was constructed on Sutlej River during 1924 1926 under the Sutlej
Valley Project (SVP). The barrage was designed for 325,000 cusecs discharge and located
around 20km (12miles) from Haveli Lakha Town, Tahsil Depalpur, and District Okara. The
barrage is about 150km (94miles) from Lahore, the capital of Punjab Province and about
450km (281miles) from federal capital Islamabad. It is situated on Sutlej River at 112km
(70miles) downstream of Ferozpur Barrage and 184km (115miles) upstream of Islam
Barrage. Three irrigation canals viz Pakpattan, Fordwah and Eastern Sadiqia Canals are fed
from this barrage. The total canal command area of three canals is 2.5 million acres, which
is 9.25% of the total irrigated area of Punjab (27 million acres) and has considerable
contribution in the agricultural production of Punjab. Three canals command area spread
over the six districts of Punjab i.e. Bahawalnagar, Bahawalpur, Okara, Pakpattan, Vehari
and Lodhran.
In 1960, under the agreement of Indus Water Treaty, India was given the rights of three
eastern rivers water (Ravi, Sutlej and Beas). Consequently upon the construction of dams
and barrages on river Sutlej and Beas; the discharge in Sutlej has reduced significantly.
Ferozepur Barrage on Sutlej River lies in India just before the river enters Pakistan. India
diverts almost all the river water from Ferozepur barrage to its own irrigation system and the
river reach up to Suleimanki in Pakistan is perpetually bone dry for about 10 months of the
year. In order to feed the three canals that off-take from Suleimanki Barrage a inter river link
canal Baloki-Suleimanki Link (B.S Link) was constructed with initial discharge capacity of
15,800 cusecs for delivery at upstream of Suleimanki Barrage. The BS Link was later
remodeled a few times to a current discharge capacity of 25000 cusecs.
Ever since its construction, the structure of Suleimanki Barrage has suffered heavily from
floods during the monsoon seasons. The barrage is about 86 years old now and aging
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process together with inadequate/deferred maintenance has also contributed towards


general deterioration of the different components of the Barrage. Punjab Irrigation
Department (PID) engaged National Development Consultants (NDC) in June 1998 for the
safety evaluation of Suleimanki Barrage. The study recommended that rehabilitation of the
barrage be undertaken to ensure safe operation of the barrage. Based on these
recommendations, a Feasibility Study for Rehabilitation & Modernization of the barrage was
conducted and prepared in May 2005.
In 2009 with the funding from Asian Development Bank (ADB), the PID initiated Punjab
Irrigated Agriculture Investment Program (PIAIP). The consultancy for detailed design of the
project was assigned to a joint venture of NESPAK, AAB and DMC. One of the components
of PIAIP is updating of the Feasibility Study and detailed design for the Rehabilitation of
Suleimanki Barrage.
S-2

Legal and Administration Framework Policy

The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (1997) makes it mandatory for the project
proponent to undertake Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA). It is mandatory to prepare and obtain approval of EIA from EPA under
Pak-EPA 1997 for this project. The ADBs Safeguard Policies also require that
Environmental and Social assessment to be conducted for the project which could have
adverse environmental impacts. EIA study was carried out in 2005 during the feasibility
study. Present study is carried out during up-dating of the feasibility and detail design of
Sulemanki Barrage rehabilitation work and covers all the possible anticipated environmental
impacts of the project.
Under ADB Environment Policy, projects are to be categorized in to the three environmental
categories; A, B and C according to significance of the adverse environmental impacts. This
Project have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and significance.
Suleimanki Barrage is not a new mega project. It is a rehabilitation and repair of the existing
structure without causing change in water levels and storage of water behind the barrage.
The anticipated adverse environmental impacts of the project shall be local, limited and
mitigable. All such projects according to ADB Safegaurd Policy Statement 2009 require
having an IEE. This report comprises the IEE of the project.
S-3

Project Details and Alternatives

The studies of structural and mechanical components of the Barrage have envisaged some
structural and hydraulic problem together with mechanical defects. If not rectified the
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consequences could be devastating with the consequent risk of the failure of the whole
system. Such a failure would adversely affect the economy of the farming community in the
command area.
The scope of work will include repair of the barrage structure including barrage floor, peirs,
stilling basin, replacement of road bridge deck of the barrage, repair/replacement of
regulation gates gearing,canal head regulators, hoisting devices, modernization of barrage
structure by installation of new vibrating wire piezometers, clearance of water way to canal
head regulator etc.
Upstream and downstream floor of the barrage will be inspected and necessary repair works
will be carried out. In addition, the substrata and voids underneath the floors will be grouted
under pressure. Existing Public Park along the downstream right guide bank will be further
developed under this project.
It is anticipated that the project construction will be completed in three years in such a way
that the river and all the three canals flows will not be interrupted in the construction phase.
Gates repair work will be undertaken during annual closure period.
S-4

Environmental Baseline Condition

Baseline Conditions of the project area have been established through the data collected
from the field and direct interaction with the local community and officials from the various
departments. Previous studies (secondary data) have also used in the development of the
baseline. This report covers the prevailing physical, biological and social environment of the
area. The information utilized for the IEE obtained by using GIS technology, stakeholder
consultation including Wildlife, Fishery & Forest Department, NGOs etc. Field visits carried
out by the environment team and laboratory based testing of the physical environmental
parameters was undertaken.
It was found from ambient air quality monitoring that air is reasonably clean at present as all
the monitored parameters are within the limits of NEQS level. The climate of the area is arid
characterized by long hot summer and short mild winter. Wind speed varies significantly over
the year. Peak values were recorded during May during year 2007. The typical wind
direction is south to north in most of the part of the year.
Surface water testing at the barrage indicates that the river water does not meet the WHO
standards and is not fit for human consumption. But the water does meet the NEQS level
and FAO standards for agriculture purposes and fit for irrigation and recreational purpose.
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Groundwater samples were collected and tested from the existing hand pump at the barrage
and found unsatisfactory for drinking.
The barrage pond area provides the habitat of water fowl and many migrating birds visit the
site during winter, while the occasional seeing of hog deer, blue bull and local game birds i.e.
partridge and peacock are reported in the bela along the left guide bank. Fish ladders are
provided along both divide walls at Suleimanki Barrage. Both the fish ladders are in working
condition. However there is significant amount of vegetation and silt deposit found at the
upstream end of the fish ladders, which obstructs the fish movement and need to be
removed.
The Socio Economic Survey was conducted with the objectives to assess prevailing socioeconomic conditions of the related communities and to predict the effects of the proposed
different alternatives of rehabilitation works. Simple Random Sampling Technique was used
to draw representative sample. The average household size is 6.3 and the sex ratio (female:
male) is 100:107. There are 5 Primary, 2 Middle and 1 High School for boys and 4 Primary,
1 Middle School and 1 High School for girls in the area. The average literacy level of the
area is 47%. It was found that 77% of the household engaged in agriculture. 100% of the
respondent are Muslim and speak Punjabi language. The major castes of the area are
Maher and Watto. Rice, Wheat and Cotton are the major crops cultivated in the study area.
Females participation for the betterment of the family is more as compared with the males. In
fact, rural women in the study area work 14 hours a day. Women participate in agriculture
activities such as sowing, hoeing, harvesting, threshing, storage of crops and feeding the
livestock.
S-5

Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and EMP

The carried out environmental and social impact assessment revealed that the project
activities will not cause any significant disturbance and inconvenience to local community
and natural environment of the area. Construction related impacts such as air pollution;
noise etc will be mitigated by the implementation of the EMP. All the solid waste and
wastewater generated from the project activities and labour camp should be disposed of
according to the waste disposal plan, which is a component of the EMP.
The available PID land in the close vicinity of the Project site would be utilized for
Contractors camp facilities. Groundwater is the major source of drinking water for the local
community. It is very important to protect the water sources during the construction phase
from accidental spills of diesel or any chemical, as any spill could percolate to the
groundwater through the sandy stratum at site. It is concluded from the test results that if the
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groundwater is to be used for the water supply in the Labour Camp then it is the
responsibility of the Contractor to abstract water from sufficient depth or provide filtration
plant and confirm that it meets the WHO standards.
During construction, the Contactors work force is expected to be largely from the local
population, which will enhance the economic opportunities for the locals of working age
group. Improvements in the existing Public Park are also recommended to enhance the
biodiversity of the project area. It will also raise the aesthetic value of the area and attract
more visitors.
Socioeconomic conditions of the project area will generally be positively impacted due to the
project implementation. There are few temporary negative impacts associated with the
construction phase e.g. extra burden on the local welfare facilities i.e. water supply,
electricity, transportation services etc will be insignificant and mitigable. Local community
and all the possible stack holders were consulted and their fears and suggestions were
taken into account during EA. The objective of the consultation was also to explain the
project intervention and their potential impacts on the environment of the area and also
share the mitigation measures with the local community to promote a general good will
towards the project in the community.
The total estimated cost of the implementation of the EMP is Rs. 17.4 Million.
S-6

Conclusion

The potential adverse environmental & social impacts of the project are associated with
mainly the construction phase of the project and all of these impacts are temporary, localised
and reversible in nature. These impacts can be mitigated through the proper implementation
of the EMP. Therefore it is concluded that this project is environmentally friendly, financially
viable, economically sustainable, genderally neutral and pro-poverty alleviation.

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CHAPTER 1:
1.1

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL

The province of Punjab is only one fourth of the total area of Pakistan yet its fertile land yields
more than 50% of the total national agricultural produce. One of the reasons for such high
agricultural production is the efficient use of water resources through Punjabs irrigation
network. Punjab irrigation network comprises of 24 canal fed by 14 barrages/Barrage and 9
major inter-river link canals, irrigating more than 27 million acres of land. There are two
barrages on Sutlej River, Suleimanki and Islam Barrage. Suleimanki is the first barrage on Sutlej
after this river enters into Pakistan. Major part of the Left Marginal Bank virtually forms the
international boundary between Pakistan and India.
Pakpattan Canal with a design discharge of 6,594 cusecs at head, off-takes from the right flank;
and Sadiqia and Fordwah Canals with designed discharges of 6,080 cusecs and 3,366 cusecs
respectively, off-take from left bank of the river. Sadiqia and Fordwah irrigate Bahawalnagar and
Bahawalpur districts. Pakpattan Canal irrigates the land in the districts of Pakpattan, Okara,
Vehari and Lodhran. The total canal command area (CCA) of all three canals is approximately
2.5 millions acres, which is about 9% of the 27 millions acres of the total irrigated area of Punjab
Province. Thus, the barrage contributes valuable 9% of the agricultural production of Punjab.
Ferozepur Barrage on Sutlej River lies in India just before the river enters Pakistan. India diverts
almost all the river water from this barrage to its own irrigation system and the river reach at
Suleimanki in Pakistan is perpetually bone dry for about 10 months of the year. In order to feed
the three canals that off-take from Suleimanki Barrage inter river link canal Baloki-Suleimanki
Link (B.S Link) was constructed with an initial discharge capacity of 15,800 cusecs for delivery
into Sutlej River upstream of Suleimanki Barrage. The BS Link was later remodeled a few times
to the current discharge capacity of 25000 cusecs. The barrage is located about 20km (12miles)
from Haveli Lakha Town, Tahsil Depalpur, District Okara. It is situated on Sutlej River 112km
(70miles) downstream of Ferozpur Barrage and 184km (115miles) upstream of Islam Barrage.
The barrage is about 150km (94miles) from Lahore, the capital of Punjab Province and about
450km (281miles) from Islamabad, the federal capital.

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1.2

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BACKGROUND

Suleimanki Barrage was constructed during 1924-1926 on Sutlej River under the Sutlej Valley
Project (SVP). The barrage feeds Pakpattan, Fordwah and Eastern Sadiaqa Canals. The
barrage was formally commissioned on April 12, 1926. The barrage was designed for 325,000
cusecs discharge. Sadiqia and Fordwah Canals commenced water supply on 1st May 1926 and
Pakpattan Canal on 1st June 1926.
Ever since its construction, the structure of Suleimanki Barrage has suffered heavily from
flooding during the monsoon periods. The barrage is about 86 years old now and aging process
together with inadequate/deferred maintenance has also contributed towards general
deterioration of the different components of the Barrage.
In 1960, under the agreement of Indus Water Treaty, India was given the rights of three eastern
rivers water of Ravi, Sutlej and Beas. Consequently upon the construction of Bhakra/Nangal
Dam on river Sutlej and Pandoh & Pong Dam on Beas; the discharge in Sutlej was reduced
significantly. The Ferozepur Barrage built in India on Sutlej River immediately before the river
enters Pakistan, stops almost all the water and the river remains bone dry for about 10 months
of the year. This forced Pakistan to carry a significant amount of works for transporting water
from western rivers through link canals to feed the canals off taking from the eastern river. Interriver link canal Baloki-Suleimanki Link (B.S Link) off-taking from Ravi River at Balloki barrage
was constructed in 1958.
Historic discharge data of the Sutlej River at Suleimanki Barrage from 1922-2008 indicates that
the flood discharge in the river exceeded the designed capacity of the barrage four times; in
1947 (325,000 cfs), 1950 (332,000 cfs), 1955 (597,000 cfs) and 1988 (499,000 cfs). Number of
controlled and uncontrolled breaches occurred in 1988 in both the left and right marginal bunds.
1.3

PROJECT OBJECTIVE

Since signing of the IWT in 1960, India has construction two storage dams on Sutlej River and
almost all of the flows of the river, except the floods that cannot be stored in the dams, are being
used in India. The construction of storage dams in India has significantly reduced the flood
discharges in the river. However, the flood of 1988 has somewhat signified that the storage
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capacity of eastern rivers barrages are not enough for significant mitigation or synchronization
of high flows of the rivers and its tributaries
Most of the 14 barrages in Punjab are now more than 80 years old and are in acute distress
owing to aging, design deficiencies, constructional defects, hydraulic and mechanical problems,
inadequate operation and maintenance, and drastic changes in river morphology as a result of
the implementation of the IWT. During the recent past several serious damages have also been
reported. Serious damage to any of these barrages resulting in an interruption of irrigation
supplies can have disastrous implications on the countrys economy and the population of the
area. The rehabilitation and modernization of these barrages has therefore been considered by
the Government as an urgent necessity.
This project aims to modernize water resources and irrigation infrastructure at the Suleimanki
Headwork. Because of the very low negligible flows during non-monsoon period (approximately
10 months of the year) the morphology of the river channel has drastically changed and there is
general aggradation in the main stream due to sand drifting. The pond area of the barrage has
also heavily silted up especially in the right half where the high shoal has come very close to the
divide wall. The main problems which need to be addressed in this project are:
River training works especially pertaining to pitched island constructed about 4km
upstream of the barrage to keep the river approach straight is not providing the
anticipated results and the main channels strikes the right bank.
The decking of the road bridge has been deteriorated and become risky for present
traffic requirements.
Repairing / modernization of barrage machinery for the smooth operation of the barrage.
Need for improving the road communication system.
1.4

PORJECT DESCRIPTION

This Project envisages updating of feasibility and detailed design of rehabilitation works at
Sulemanki Barrage.
The scope of work includes the following components:
Repairs of cracks, contact grouting underneath the floors.
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Installation of instrumentation and control system for uplift pressure monitoring.


Rehabilitating and upgrading the operational capability of the gates and hoisting
mechanism at the barrage.
Inspection of the stilling basin and repair or re-design if require.
Improve the existing Public Park to enhance the aesthetic value and biodiversity of the
area.
A detailed description of the project is included in chapter 3.
1.5

PROJECT LOCATION

The barrage is located at latitude of 30-33 North and longitude 73-52 East. It is about 12
miles East of Haveli Lakha Town. The barrage is about 70 miles below Ferozepur Barrage
(India) and 115 miles upstream of Islam Barrage. The barrage falls in Tahsil Depalpour, District
Okara. The barrage location is indicated on Figure-1.1. It is connected to other parts of the
country through roads and is about 94 miles from the provincial capital Lahore and about 281
miles from Islamabad. Other main cities near the barrage include Okara at about 31 miles,
Pakpatan at about 37.5 miles and Kasur at about 60 miles.
1.6

PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE

The area of project influence referred to as the area of influence (AOI) is the area likely to be
affected by the project, including all its ancillary aspects such as power transmission lines,
pipelines, canals, access roads, waste disposal areas, batching plant and Labour camp as well
as any unplanned developments induced by the project.
The major features of the area, proposed locations of the contractors facilities and area under
the project use are indicated on the overall environmental study area map and Sulemanki
Barrage environment map are shown in Figure-1.2 and 1.3 respectively. All the temporary work
and clearance of water way to canals head regulators including construction of cofferdam etc
will require approximately 1% of the total area between the RMB and LMB and is well away
from the environmentally sensitive area located along the Pak-India boundary.

1.7

REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES

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The Punjab Irrigation Department (PID) engaged National Development Consultants (NDC) in
June 1998 for a safety evaluation of Suleimanki Barrage. This study recommended that
rehabilitation of the barrage be undertaken to ensure its safe operation besides further
investigation for sub-surface flow and model study for river training works. Based on these
recommendations, PID awarded the work of carrying out Feasibility Study for Rehabilitation &
Modernization of the Suleimanki, Tanusa & Khanki Barrages to the joint venture (JV) of NDC
and NESPAK in association with ATKINS of UK called Punjab Barrages Consultants (PBC). The
Consultants submitted the Feasibility Study Report in May 2005. The study made
recommendations to repair the barrage structure including barrage floor in main weir as well as
undersluice section, road bridge deck across the barrage, regulating gates and hoists,
modernize barrage structure, install new vibrating wire piezometersetc . The study also
conclude that the barrage capacity is approximately 100,000 cusecs less than the 100 years
return flood and need to be raised by redesigning of barrage or provision of flood escape
channel.
1.8

APPROACHES ADOPTED FOR THE STUDY

The environmental and social data were collected and analyzed for the overall environmental
study area. Primary data, including sampling and testing of the physical environmental
parameters were collected during site visits conducted from September 2009 to November
2009. The test results and analysis of physical environmental parameters included in chapter 4.
Secondary data for the overall study area was reclaimed from other institutions e.g. Wildlife
department, Fishery, Irrigation & power department, SCARPS Monitoring Organization, SEMU
and Directorate Land Reclamation etc.
The base line data was developed and analyzed to identify potential environmental impacts of
the Project. A risk based methodology was adopted to identify the high risk activities and
suggest their mitigation measures. Where possible, eliminating the risk by altering the scope or
method of execution of work was preferred rather than minimizing the risk with control
measures. Public consultations were also undertaken inclusive of gender study, to take into
account the public point of view about the project.
1.9

OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT

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This report comprises the Environmental & Social Impact Assessment (EIA) study of the project
area. Environment Assessment (EA) takes into account of the natural environment (air, water,
land, flora & fauna); human health and safety. This study evaluates the projects potential
environmental risks and impacts on its areas of influence, planning, designing and
implementation to preventing, minimizing, mitigating or compensating for adverse environmental
impacts and enhancing positive impacts throughout project implementation.
The Social Assessment (SA) has been conducted to evaluate the projects potential positive and
adverse effects on the affected people and to examine project alternatives where adverse
effects may be significant. The breadth, depth and type of analysis in the social assessment are
proportional to the nature of the project and scale of its potential effects, positive or adverse, on
the affected people. The Socio- Economic Survey was conducted by an experienced and
qualified team of sociologists.

1.10

STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

This report is divided into following chapters.


Chapter # 1

Introduction

Chapter # 2

Legal and Administrative framework policy

Chapter # 3

Project Description

Chapter # 4

Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions

Chapter # 5

Analysis of Alternatives

Chapter # 6

Impact Assessment, Mitigation and Enhancement Measures

Chapter # 7

Environmental Management Plan

Chapter # 8

Public Consultation and Information Disclosure

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Figure 1.1 Project Location Map


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Figure 1.2:

Overall Environment Study Area Map

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Figure 1.3: Suleimanki Barrage Environment Study Area Map

Suleimanki Barrage

CHAPTER 2:

IEE Report

LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATION FRAMEWORK


POLICY

2.1

GENERAL

This chapter provides an overview of the policy framework and national legislation and
international obligations that apply to the proposed Project. The Project is expected to
comply with all national legislations and Asian Bank Safeguards Polices relating to
environmental and social issues, and to obtain all regulatory clearances required.
2.2

REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN PAKISTAN

Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) 1997 is the primary legislation which applies
in Environmental Assessment studies in Pakistan. Under section 12 of the Act a project falling
under any category specified in Schedule II (SRO 339(1)/2000) require the proponent to file an
EIA with the concerned Environmental Agency, which in case of Sulemanki Barrage is EPA
Punjab. The estimated cost of Sulemanki Barrage Rehabilitation & Upgrading project is higher
than 50 million Pak rupees therefore it falls in Schedule II and it is manadatory to prepare an
EIA for this project under PEPA 1997.
2.3

NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY

The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS) was approved by federal cabinet in
March 1992 and is the principle policy document on environmental issues in the country. The
NCS outlines the countrys primary approaches towards encouraging sustainable
development, conserving natural resources and managing resources. The NCS has 68
specific programmers in 14 core areas in which policy intervention is considered crucial for
the preservation of Pakistans natural and physical environment. The core areas that are
relevant in the context of the proposed Project are pollution prevention and abatement,
conserving biodiversity and preservation of cultural heritage.
2.4

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

The National Environmental Policy provides an overarching framework for addressing the
environmental issues facing-Pakistan, Particularly pollution of fresh water bodies and coastal
waters, air pollution, lack of proper waste management, deforestation, loss of biodiversity,
desertification, natural disasters and climate change. It also gives directions for addressing

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the cross sectoral issues as well as the underlying causes of environmental degradation and
meeting international obligations. The policy provides broad guidelines to the Federal
Government, Provincial Government, Federally Administrated Territories and Local
Government for addressing environmental concerns and ensuring effective management of
their environmental resources.
2.5

GUIDE LINE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

The Pak-EPA has published a set of environmental guidelines for conducting environmental
assessments and the environmental management of different types of development projects.
The guidelines relevant to the proposed Project are listed below:
2.5.1

Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports, Pakistan


Environmental Protection Agency, 1997
The guidelines, targeted at project proponents, specify:
The nature of the information to be included in environmental reports
The minimum qualification of the EIA conductors appointed
The need to incorporate suitable mitigation measures at every stage of project
implementation
The need to specify monitoring procedures
The report must contain baseline data relating to the project area, an interpretation of the
data and mitigation measures.
2.5.2

Guidelines of Public Consultation, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency,


May, 1997
These guidelines deal with possible approaches to public consultation and techniques for
designing an effective program of consultation that reaches out to all major stakeholders and
ensure their concerns are incorporated in any impact assessment study.
2.6

ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES

i.

Provincial EPA

The IPD will be responsible for providing the complete environmental documentation
required by the provincial EPA and remain committed to the approved project design. No
deviation is permitted during project implementation without the prior and explicit permission
of the EPA.

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Provincial Departments of Forestry and Wildlife

The rehabilitation works are expected to involve some clearing of vegetation that exist on
IPDs land where labour camp and batching plant are to be constructed. Widening and
strengthening of the embankments may also involve uprooting of trees. The contractor will
inform formally to the Punjab Forest Department and PID, even if these trees fall in the area
of PID before undertake any cutting/uprooting.
iii.

Local Government and Municipalities

The PID and its contractors must ensure that the project meets the criteria of district
governments as related to the establishment of construction camps and plants, and the safe
disposal of wastewater, solid waste, and toxic materials. The PID will coordinate and monitor
environment-related issues.
iv.

Social & Environmental Management Unit (SEMU)

Punjab Irrigation Department (PID), Government of Punjab under Punjab Irrigation and
Drainage Authority (PIDA) established the Social and Environmental Management Unit
(SEMU) in December 2006 to enable it to address the environmental and social issues in a
timely and effective manner during operation, maintenance, rehabilitation, construction of
new canals and drains etc. SEMU could be involved as an independent environmental
monitoring organization during construction phase of this Project.
2.7

ENVIRONMENT-RELATED STATUTES

This section outlines statutes apart from the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997,
which are relevant to the project.
The Forest Act, 1927 (and Provincial Acts and Rules)
The Act, inter alia, deals with the matters related with protection and conservation of natural
vegetation/habitats. In that regard it empowers the concerned agency to declare protected
and reserved forest areas and maintaining these. In spite of the fact that it recognizes the
right of people for access to the natural resources for their household use, it prohibits
unlawful cutting of trees and other vegetation. Cutting trees will require for provision of flood
bypass channel and strengthening the embankments work in this Project. The permission is
required prior to undertake any tree cutting from the area under the charge of Forest
Department of Punjab province. The tree belts along canal sides are protected Forest under
the Forest Act 1927 and are managed under Canal Side Plantation Rules 1960.

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Government of Punjab, Forestry, Wildlife, Fisheries and Tourism Department


(Notification No. FOFT (EXT) VIII. 17/96 Dated 1998
In Punjab, should the number of trees to be felled for a project exceed 100, or if the project
falls within the jurisdiction of more than one district, a committee comprising the
Commissioner of the division covering the districts, the Conservator of Forests, and the
Superintending Engineer from PID must accord their approval.
Provincial Wildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Management) Act,
Ordinances and Rules
In addition to empowering provincial wildlife department to establish game reserves, parks,
and wildlife sanctuaries, these acts regulate the hunting and disturbance of wildlife. This law
Will help in eliminating any tresspassing into Protected Areas.
Antiquities Act, 1975
The Antiquities Act relates to the protection, preservation and conservation of
archaeological/historical sites and monuments. There are no archeological sites or cultural
heritage site inside or near the project area. Nevertheless if there is chance find during the
construction phase this law would provide due guidance.
Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001
These ordinances, issued following the devolution process, establish regulations for land
use, conservation of natural vegetation, air, water, and land pollution, the disposal of solid
waste and wastewater effluents, as well as matters related to public health and safety. This
law will help as and when a participatory management of irrigation system becomes the
order of the day.
Factories Act, 1934
The clauses relevant to the project are those that are related with the health, safety and
welfare of workers, disposal of solid waste and effluent, and damage to private and public
property. The Factories Act also provides regulations for handling and disposing of toxic and
hazardous materials. There are no factories / industries inside or around the Project area.
However, indirectly the factories and industries contributing pollution into Ravi and Sutlej
rivers become a matter of concern for water behind the rehabilitated Sulemanki Barrage.
Land Acquisition Act 1894
Land Acquisition Act (LAA), 1894 is the primary law governing land acquisition in Pakistan.
For the acquisition of land, the above-mentioned Act, rules and regulations are followed
whether the acquisition is for Government of Punjab or any other agency. Up to this stage no
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permanent land acquisition has been anticipated in the design of the project. Should there
be a need for temporary acquisition, this law would be of help.
2.8

FIDIC CLAUSES

The size and nature of the work to be undertaken for rehabilitation and modernization of
Sulemanki Barrage is such that it is expected to involve international contractor therefore
following FIDIC clauses have been considered to address the environmental aspects of the
project:
Clause 8.2

Site operation and methods of construction

Clause 19.1

Safety, security of environment in general

Clause 27.1

Fossils

Clause 42.1

Possession of site and access thereto

Clause 42.2

Right of ways and facilities in the project area

2.9

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GUIDELINES

The Asian Development Banks Environmental Safeguard Policy requires that environmental
considerations be incorporated in to ADB operations to ensure that the project will have
minimal environmental impact and be environmentally sound.
The following guidelines shall be adopted:
Environmental Category
According to ADB Environment Policy, projects are to be categorized in to the following
environmental categories; A, B, or C as given in the table below. At any stage the category
can be changed with the approval of the chief compliance officer if further studies and
investigations reveal that the projects potential impacts are worse, minimal or negligible.
ADB Environmental Categories
Category A:
Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts.
This is applicable in case maga projects causing global or at least regional impacts. This
types of project require a first class EIA to be produced and implemented. This category
consider with Category A of the EPA 1997.

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Category B:
Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or
significance than those for category A projects.
Category C:
Projects unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts.

Category B is applicable in case of projects with localized and mitigable impacts. Sulemanki
Barrage is not a new mega scale project. It is a rehabilitation and repair of an already
existing structure without causing change even in storage of water behind the barrage. All
impacts shall be local, limited and mitigable. Such projects according to ADB require an IEE
but the EPA requires such class B projects to have an EIA. Since the project has to be
cleared by EPA under Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997, an EIA is also produced
for EPA Punjab.
2.10

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS) 2000

The NEQS 2000 of EPA under Environmental Protection Act 1997 specify the following
standards:
1

Maximum allowable concentration of the Pollutants, (32 parameters) in emission and


liquid industrial effluents discharge to inland water.

2. Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (two parameters) in gaseous


emission from vehicle exhaust and noise emission from vehicles.
3. Maximum allowable noise level from vehicles
These standards apply to the gaseous emission and liquid effluents discharged by batching
plants, campsite and construction machinery. The standards for vehicles will apply during
the construction as well as operation phase of the project. Precise standards for air quality
are not available under NEQS, 2000. The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS)
2000 is included in Appendix 2.1.

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INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS

Pakistan is signatory to a number of International Conventions, Protocols and


Understandings relating to the environment. Those relevant to the project are described in
the following paragraphs.
Convention on Biological Diversity
The Convention of Biological Diversity was the outcome of the Earth Summit held in Riode-Janeiro in 1992. The Convention binds the signatories to respect, protect and conserve
the earth environment and bio-diversity through sustainable use of natural resources. In all
development projects in Pakistan the protocols of this convention are respected in letter and
spirit.
Ramsar Convention
The Convention on Wetland of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitats
held in Iran in 1972 at village Ramsar in Iran, places an obligation on the signatories to
protect habitats of migratory waterfowl. Sulemanki Barrage is not a notified Ramsar site but
as additional measures, Ramsar spirit shall be maintained during the construction phase of
the project.
Bonn Convention
The Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals was held in Bonn
in 1979. The Convention broadens the scope of Ramsar to include migratory species other
than water fowl. Not being a Ramsar site, this protocol is not obligatory for Sulemanki
Barrage. But it will be respected during construction phase to the extent that no damage is
caused to habitat of any species.

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CHAPTER 3:
3.1

THE PROJECT

HISTORY

Suleimanki Headworks located at about 12 miles east of Haveli Lakha Town. The barrage
was constructed near the village Suleimanki during 1924-26 as a component of Sutlej Valley
Project. Soon after its commissioning in 1926, the Barrage experienced substantial
regression, in fact in the very first flood season, which necessitated some modifications and
alternations in 1930. Over the past eighty years or so the Barrage has facilitated an efficient
flow of irrigation water in three major canals; Sadiqia (design discharge: 6080 cusecs) and
Fordwah (design discharge: 3366 cusecs) canals which off take from the left bank and
irrigate areas in Bahawalnagar and Bahawalpur Districts while the Pakpattan Canal (design
discharge 6594 cusecs) off take from the right bank meeting irrigation demands in the area
in Okara, Pakpattan, Vehari and Lodhran Districts. The three canals collectively command
an area of 2.5 million acres. Barrage Engineers opine that ordinarily, barrages like
Suleimanki have an efficient life of about 50 years and beyond which at some point old age
symptoms start showing up.
3.2

EXISTING BARRAGE STRUCTURE

At the time of completion of Barrage structure in 1927 the barrage comprised of:
Waterways
A main weir consisting of 24 bays of 60ft each with crest level 560ft amsl.
Right and left pocket, each consisting of 8 bays of 30ft each with crest level 8ft lower
than the main weir i.e. 552ft amsl.
Stilling Basin
The stilling basin for both main weir and under sluices is placed at RL 549.0 ft amsl. The
corresponding length for main weir and under sluices is 35 ft and 80 ft respectively. Two
rows of friction blocks of 2 ft high have been provided in the main weir.
Divide Wall
There are two divide walls at Suleimanki Barrage separating the central weir from the right
and left undersluices. Both the divide walls are 700 ft (213.36 m) long, which are extending
much beyond the Canal Regulators (Sadiqia Canal along left flank and Pakpattan Canal
along right). The top of the divide wall is 572ft amsl.
Fish Ladder
Two fish ladders exist at Suleimanki Barrage along both divide walls. During the course of
floods fish ladders function well and during low flow these remain dry.
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Guide Bank
The guide banks at Suleimanki Barrage are unique as compared to any other barrage as
they are of converging type. The abutment to abutment width of the barrage is 2223 ft, while
the width between guide banks at the nose is 1600 ft.
Road Bridge
Existing Structural Steel Bridge over the barrage is in bad condition and its deck needs
immediate replacement. Structural analysis of this bridge, as carried out during feasibility
design, has revealed that main steel members of the supporting system of the bridge are in
good condition and quite serviceable for future use except the deck.
Canal Head Regulator
There are three head regulators of off-taking canals from the barrage namely Pakpattan
Canal, Fordwah Canal and Sadiqia Canal. There are 8 bays in Pakpattan Canal head
regulator, while Sadiqia Canal and Fordwah Canal have 7 and 5 bays respectively. All canal
regulators have 20 ft clear bays separated by 4 ft wide masonry piers. Bifurcating pier
between Fordwah and Sadiqia Canal is 8 ft wide. Masonry arches of the bridges are
supported by these piers. Piers are supported by plain concrete floor, which is locally thicken
at pier locations and serves as foundation support for the pier. The steel gates are rusted
and need immediate repair or replacement.
Flood Retaining Bunds
Right and Left Marginal Bunds extending either side to a distance of about 10 miles
upstream of the weir. LMB of the barrage virtually forms the border between Pakistan and
India and controlled by the Pakistan Army and Rangers.
3.2.1

Barrage Components

(a) Main Weir


Design discharge

325,000 Cusecs

Total width between the guide wall

2223 ft

Water way including undersluices

1920 ft

Highest flood level upstream (u/s)

RL 572.00

Highest flood level downstream (d/s)

RL 569.00

No. of Bays

24

Width of each Bay

60

Pier thickness

7 ft

Crest width

13.5 ft

Crest level

RL 560.00
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(b) Left and Right Under sluices


=

16

Width of each bay

30 ft

Pier thickness

5 ft

Crest level

RL 552

Top Level

RL 572

Top Width

5 ft

No of bays

8+8

(c) Divide Wall

(d) Guide Banks

Left

Right

Length U/S (ft)

3500

3500

Length D/S (ft)

1200

1200

Top level (RL)

579

579

Top Width

56

56

Free Board (ft)

Front side slope

2:1

2:1

Rear side slope

3:1

3:1

(e) Marginal Bund

Left

Right

47,500

Length (ft)

63,000

(f) Canal Head Regulator


Item

CANALS
Pakpattan

Capacity (Cusecs)

Sadiqia

Fordwah

6594

6200

3465

Crest level RL

559.00

559.00

561.50

Floor RL

552.00

552.00

552.00

Full supply level RL

567.30

567.50

567.50

No. of Bays

Width of each Bay

20

20

20

Pier thickness (ft)

555.30

557.50

559.50

D/S Floor level

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THE PROBLEM

Suleimanki barrage is now 86 years old and in the aging process along with inadequate or
deferred maintenance has resulted in general deterioration and damages of its different
components like the regulation gates and hoisting equipment. The distorted flow pattern
oblique entry into the guide bank zone has provoked many problems, any further damage to
this barrage can result in colossal losses in the form of total or partial disruption of irrigation
supplies, agricultural crops, loss of government revenue, and rehabilitation cost of
emergency repairs. The barrage has therefore been identified as a structure requiring
repairs.
The wind system, the wooden deck, the road bridge all are at least 85 years old. Though the
brick masonry not showing any apparent sign of deterioration but it needs to be examined
closely and will be appropriately repaired if required. After the Indus Water Treaty, the pond
behind the headworks receives water from B.S. link canal and feed to Eastern Sadiqia,
Fordwah and Pakpattan canals. The water received from B.S. link canal is too little to fully
occupy the whole span of the river and therefore leads to bela formation. Plates 3.1 to 3.4
are shown the different components of the barrage.
Realizing the gravity of the situation of this barrage Punjab Government has given due
attention to Sulemanki Barrage and has included it in the Phase-I program of rehabilitation of
barrages in Punjab.
3.4

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

The project aims to repair and upgrading water resources and irrigation infrastructure at the
Suleimanki Barrage. The project is designed to address the following issues:
The decking of the road bridge has been deteriorated and become risky for present
traffic requirements.
Repairing / modernization of regulation machinery for the smooth operation of the
barrage.
Repair Barrage structural components
3.4.1 COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT
The works include both Civil and Mechanical/Electrical works. A construction schedule is
included in Appendix 3.1. The components of work are as follows:
Civil Works
Grouting the Cavities and Cracks

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Repair the Barrage floor where aggregate has been exposed and floor thickness
reduced
Clearance of water way to the canal head regulator
Improvement in existing Public Park.
Mechanical/Electrical Works
Repair of Barrage and canal Gates, Installing electric motors for Hoisting System
Installation of Pressure Monitoring Instruments.
3.5

LABOUR CAMP

It is envisaged that the Project will attract about 1000 skilled/unskilled labour. It should be
ensured that maximum labour arranged locally however the majority of the skilled labour
working on site likely to be migrated from other part of the country. It is a contractors
contractual obligation to provide a labour camp and consultants and employer offices on
site. The PIDs land is available for consultants and contractors offices and officer residence
and no private land will be acquired for this purpose. Private land may require for labour
camp and batching plant. The contractors camp and labour camp will be a permanent
structure which could be used by other institutions e.g. irrigation, police, forces etc at the
completion of the Project. The suitable locations for the contractors facilities are indicated on
figure 3.1. The land for the suggested locations for labour camp and batching plant will be
arranged by the PID.
3.6

WORK BASE AREA

The area near the left guide wall at downstream of barrage can be use as a work base area,
as indicated on figure 3.1. However the available area may not be sufficient for all the plant
and machinery use in the project. Therefore the area could be used as work base for only
those activities undertaken at the barrage. The other option for work base area is on the
Sulemanki-Haveli Lakha road next to the proposed location for batching plant. The Work
base area and all the access roads are located within the PIDs land therefore no any private
land acquisition is anticipated due to the establishing the work base area and access road.
Modification and maintenance of the surface of the bunds and access roads will be
undertaken to ensure the dust free environment of the area.
3.7

MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

The main type of materials require for the execution of the work are:
3.7.1

Civil Works
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Concrete Work will include the handling of following material


Cement, Crush, Sand, Plasticizer, Air Entraining Agent, Steel Reinforcement, Epoxy and
Grouting Material. Earthwork will require of handling clay material (soil). The anticipated
quantities of the material require are
Material

Units

Approximate Quantity Require

Concrete

100 cft

2,580

Stone

100 cft

10,784

Steel

100 kg

9,068

Sheet Piles

100 kg

35,85.07

1000 cft

108,32.918

Clayey Soil
(Fill Material)
3.7.2

Electrical/Mechanical Works

Generally following material and equipments will be used in electrical/mechanical work in


this project
Gates, Hoisting Systems, Cable, Electrical Cables, Motors, Gear Box, Welding Material and
Sensors & Other Electronic Devices
3.8

SOURCE OF MATERIAL

The common source of the material require for civil work are described in Table-3.1.
Table 3.1:

Source of Raw Material

Sr. #

Raw Material
Availability

Earth Material

Available locally, borrowed from


temporarily acquired for the purpose.

Aggregate

Available at many sources, such as:


Quarries at Sakhi Sarwar (240 miles), Margalla Hills
(330 miles) and Sikhanwali (220 miles), Sargodha
(230 miles).
The choice will however will depend upon the quality
and suitability of the rock material of the
construction of the hydraulic structures.

Rip-rap material

Available from the three locations indicated above.

Sand

Sand is available in barrage area. At times


contractor may prefer to bring superior quality sand
from other sources too. Final decision will be taken

Source
the

lands

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RE and the contractor jointly.


5

Water for preparation of Ample fresh groundwater aquifer is available along


concrete
the river. The contractor will install tube well within
IPD land with the agreed location with consultants
environmentalist and Project Management Staff.

Water for compaction of River water can be used for this purpose
access roads etc

Cement

Portland cement is locally available from the two


factories situated at Daud Khel (340 miles).
However, the cement of other grades is available
within the country for the factories at D.G.Khan (260
miles), Karachi (900 miles), Chakwal (250 miles),
Islamabad (320 miles), Wah (330 mile) etc.

Reinforcement steel

Available from re-rolling mills at Lahore (130miles).

Mechanical parts of the Could be manufactured at Heavy Mechanical


Gates
Complex at Taxilla (340 miles), Factories at Lahore
(130 miles) and Gujranwala (160 miles) and /or
imported from abroad.

3.8

EQUIPMENT AND MACHINERY YARD

It is envisaged that the following equipments and machineries will be required for
construction activities:1. Concrete Batching plant
2. Transit mixer
3. Concrete Pumps
4. Motor Graders
5. Excavators
6. Dozers
7. Dumpers
8. Compaction Roller
9. Water bouzers
10. Crane
11. Transport Buses
12. Front End Loaders
The equipment will be kept in a plant & equipment yard. The suitable site for the yard is
indicated on figure 3.1.

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CHAPTER 4:
4.1

BASE LINE CONDITION

GENERAL

The purpose of this chapter is to establish the baseline conditions for the Physical, Biological
and the Social aspects of Environment of the project area. This chapter assesses the extent
of the Area of Influence (AOI) and describes the relevant environmental conditions of the
Study Area. This will assist in impact assessment and suggesting the appropriate mitigation
measures required.
4.2

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

The physical environment includes soil quality, water quality, ambient air quality and climatic
conditions.
4.2.1

Physiography and Soil

The major land form units of the area include Active/Recent flood plains, sub recent flood
plains and Piedmont Plains.
Active flood plains are narrow strips along the river and its tributaries. The plains are
inundated almost every year, covered with rich alluvium and are suitable for agriculture. Sub
recent flood plains also called alluvial terraces are depositional and are separated from the
adjoining active flood plains by the river cut bluffs ranging in height from 2m to 10m. The
sediments are called old alluvium and are composed of compact calcareous silty clay.
Piedmont plains develop between the mountain and river. The Piedmont plains of River
Sutlej fall in the Indian Territory. The river rolling down the mountains become active only
when rainfall takes place. It flows down the slopes swiftly. On reaching the foothills, it looses
speed and drops part of the load within the streams, which split into a number of narrow
channels. The gravel, sand and silt thus deposited, form the alluvial fans. The Piedmont
plains, dominated by the alluvial fans, provide good soils and suitable topography for
agriculture.
4.2.1.1

Soil Types

The Project area forms a part of the vast Indus plain, which is a part of the Indo-Gangetic
depression. This depression is of a synclinal nature. Synclinorium depression is a fore deep
downward of the Himalayan foreland of variable depth, converted into flat plains by simple
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process of alleviation. The alluvial deposits consist on silty sand to silty clay are underlain by
rocks of Precambrian age i.e. Sandstone.
4.2.1.2

Surface Salinity

In the event of extended canal closure the saline area will be most vulnerable area in the
canal commands. Extended canal closure will not be require in this project, however to deal
with any accidental canal closure impacts the saline area in the canal commands are
identified. A study of surface salinity of the canal command areas of Pakpattan Canal,
Fordwah Canal and Sadiqia Canal was undertaken by the SCARPS Monitoring Organisation
(SMO) and presented in their reports references: S&R Publication No. 29, No. 33 and No.
35. The main parameters tested in the field were EC and pH.
SMO arranged auger holes at suitable sites up to 180 cm depth or to the sloughing material
for the study within the canal command area. All the three canals irrigate a considerable
area of Southern Punjab. The canal command areas for Pakpatan Canal, Sadiquia Canal
and Fordwah Canal extend up to 1,058,000 acres, 1,260,000 acres and 474,000 acres
respectively. The percentages of strongly saline (EC > 15ds/m) area found within each canal
command areas are summarized in Table 4.1. Considerable area was identified as strongly
saline within the Fordwah Canal command area.
Table 4.1:

Surface Salinity Statistics


Non-Saline

Strongly Saline

Canal

Total

Command

Acreage

Acreage

Percentage

Acreage

Percentage

Pakpattan

1,058,330

947,637

90%

1,082

< 1%

Fordwah

474,000

386,537

82%

20,123

4%

Sadiqia

1,260,000

1,083,600

86%

12,600

1%

Source:

SMO reports publication No. 29, 33 and 35

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4.2.1.3

IEE Report

Seismic Data

Due to the continental plate drift of Indian Plate and Asian Plate, Pakistan has been suffered
from the devastating earthquakes in past. NESPAK has been developed a Seismic Zoning
Map for Pakistan. The whole country is
divided into following 5 zones:
Seismic

Peak Horizontal

Zone

Ground Acceleration

0.05 to 0.08g

2A

0.08 to 0,16g

2B

0.16 to 0.24g

0.24 to 0.32g

>0.32g

Where g is the acceleration due to gravity

Figure 4.1. Seismic Zoning Map of Pakistan


The project area falls within zone 2A as indicated in figure 4.1. Zone 2A represents area of
negligible damage from the earthquake. Design team has been considering the possible
impacts of earthquake on the barrage structure.
4.2.2

Climate

No meteorological station is located within the project study area. The data and analysis
provided is based on yearly record from the monitoring station at Okara managed by
Pakistan Metrological Department (PMD). The climate of the area is arid characterized by
long hot summer and short mild winter. The summer extends from April to October. Ambient
air quality was determined by an authenticated laboratory. The concentrations of the
contaminants are sumarised below:
Sr.No
1

Parameter

Unit

Nitrogen
ppb
Dioxide(NO2)
2
Sulphur
ppb
Dioxide(SO2)
3
Carbon
ppm
Monoxide(CO)
4
Particulate
g/m
Matter(PM10)
g/m: micrograms per cubic meter
ppm: Parts per million

Duration
24 hrs
24 hrs
24 hrs
24 hrs

LDL
0.01
0.01
1.0
2

Max. Obtained
Conc
153.3
9.58
4.3
117.32

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ppb: Parts per billion


LDL: Lowest detection limit
4.2.2.1 Temperature
The mean temperature ranging between 39oC to 42oC in summer. May and June are the
hottest months during which maximum temperature may rise up to 50oC. The winter lasts
from December to February with minimum temperature ranging from between 2 oC to 5oC.
January is the coldest month and chill prevails during the winter when cold wave from
Himalaya, lashes the area.
Average Maximum Monthly Temperatures, Okara (2007)

Average Minimum Monthly Temperatures, Okara (2007)

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4.2.2.2 Rainfall & Humidity


The average annual rainfall in the area is 150 to 180mm. Nearly 60% of the Precipitation is
received during July to September whereas the rest is unevenly spread over the remaining
months. On the whole the rainfall is too scant and unreliable to be of any agricultural use.
The general evapo-transpiration is very high and the irrigation requirements are met through
the well organized (weir controlled) canal irrigation system.
The average relative humidity was obtained from the Meteorological Department for Okara
during 2007. Relative Humidity varied between 45% and 85%, peaking during the month of
September.
Average Relative Humidity, Okara (2007)

Average Monthly Rainfall, Okara (2007)

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The monthly rainfall varies significantly. The highest rainfall was recorded during the
monsoon months (June and July).
4.2.2.3

Wind

The wind speed significantly varied over the twelve month period. Peak values were
recorded during the month of May while the minimum wind speed occurred in the months of
October and January. The typical wind direction is south to north.
Average Monthly Wind speed, Okara (2007)

4.2.3
4.2.3.1

Water Quality
Surface Water Quality

The natural surface water resources of the project area include Sutlej River, the canals
which off-take from the barrage, Pakpattan Canal, Fordwah Canal and Sadiqia Canal, and
the BS Link Canal that has its outfall at the Sutlej River at the RME. The river water
discharge at Ferozpour Barrage by the Indian government is negligible except during the
monsoon period. The design discharge capacity of the canals off take from Sulemanki
Barrage are as follows;
Pakpattan Canal

6,594 Cusecs

Sadiqia Canal

6,080 Cusecs

Fordwah Canal

3,366 Cusecs

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The design discharge capacity of the canal brings water from Baloki Barrage to Sulemanki
Barrage (BS Link Canal) is 22,000 Cusecs.
Sutlej River is now a non-perennial river as a result of the diversion of its water by India,
under the Indus Water Treaty of 1960. Presently, its flow constitutes of water mostly
released from the BS Link Canal and occasional releases by India from Ferozpour Barrage,
mostly occurring during high flow season. Pakpattan and Sadiqia canals are perennial
canals where as Fordwah is non-perennial at the barrage. A drain bringing wastewater from
India converges with Sutlej River at about 6 km upstream of the Barrage as shown on
Figure-1.2. The drain called Fazilaka drain in Pakistan and Gandahi drain in India.
4.2.3.2

Hydrological Characterization

The average river flows upstream of the Sulemanki Barrage is shown in Table 4.2. Average
flows were determined for the year 1981, 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000 during the months
between May and October when river flow is significant. This indicates the peak flow usually
occurs in August of due to the the monsoon season in the area.
Table 4.2: Average River Flows Upstream of the Sulemanki Barrage (MAF)
Months

Average flow in each year


1981

1997

1998

1999

2000

May

12,930.42

9,756.90

20,064.58

10,869.00

11,422.77

June

13,219.67

6,800.65

18,519.47

13,277.27

11,846.83

July

15,293.45

9,851.71

32,954.42

18,307.52

17,997.13

August

15,408.45

23,083.90

20,320.06

24,385.10

15,445.97

September

12,590.53

22,025.17

29,482.47

17,038.87

13,558.60

October

9,433.23

11,254.42

36,688.97

10,486.23

4,658.94

Following are the salient features of the Sutlej River and Hydrological Regime of Suleimanki
Barrage:-

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Beas River joins Sutlej near Harike where India has built a Barrage to take out Rajasthan
Canal. Ferozpur Barrage has been built on Sutlej near Ferozpur (India) to take out Bikaner
and Eastern Canals. After the Indus Water Treaty, only surplus water of the above two
barrages is allowed to flow down to Suleimanki Barrage.
Design Capacity of the Barrage = 325,000 Cusecs
Maximum discharge of pre-construction period a discharge of 249,482 cusecs was
computed from the flood marks existing in the vicinity of proposed weir site in 1920.

4.2.3.3 Flood Record


Under Second Flood Protection Sector Project (FPSP-II), flood risk maps for 5 year and 50
year return period were developed for Sutlej River, as indicated in Figure-4.2. This map will
be used to prepare the flood protection plan during construction and project implementation
phase. The historical records of major flood pass through the barrage are summarized in
Table-4.3.

Table 4.3:

Peak Discharge of Prominent Years in River Sutlej at Suleimanki


Barrage

Years
1942

Discharge through
weir (Cusecs)
325,000

Through Breeches in
Flood Embankment
Nil

Total
(Cusecs)
325,000

1943

309,000

Nil

309,000

1947

360,000

Nil

360,000

1950

332,000

Nil

332,000

1955

422,000

175,000

597,000

1988

400,000

100,000

500,000

1995

301,865

Nil

301,865

The most recent flood caused the breaching in LMB and RMB occurred in 1988. According
to the data received from irrigation department a discharge of 500,000 cusecs was received
upstream of Suleimanki Barrage out of which 100,000 cusecs escaped through the breaches
in the marginal bunds and 400,000 cusecs passed through the Barrage with a raised
upstream barrage level. As per report of the Punjab Government 28 people lost their lives,
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10,263 cattle heads were lost, about 209 acres of cropped area were damaged during 1988
floods.
The Punjab Irrigation Department generally defines flood limits as low, medium, high, very
high, and exceptionally high at key control points. River Sutlej flood limits revised and fixed
in 1974 by the Punjab Flood Commission for Suleimanki Barrage are given below:
Normal Flood

Up to 50,000 cusecs

Low Flood

50,000 to 80,000 cusecs

Medium Flood

80,000 to 120,000 cusecs

High Flood

120,000 to 175,000 cusecs

Very High Flood

175,000 to 220,500

Exceptionally High Flood

Above 220,500 cusecs

As per Flood Fighting Plan prepared by the Executive Engineer Suleimanki Barrage (2009) a
list of villages and Abadies likely to be inundated at the event of high flood (cause breaching)
is included in the Plan and listed below:
Villages around the barrage and likely to be inundated at the event of high flood
1

Thakarka Maneki

12

Ghura Ismail Maneki

Stia Jhanghar

13

Ghura Mehtab Rai

Dharanga

14

Chak Davi Ditta

Alika Rohals

15

Bukkan Guddar Ka

Rakh Bulewal

16

Boola Chishti

Mehtab Garh

17

Rakh Jawaya Baluch

Meneka Nikki

18

Kaluwah

Gurwala Mehtab Garh

19

Noor Shah

Mathila Bhidal

20

Chak Haiderabad

10

Maneki

21

Bareet

11

Mahant Darshan

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Legend

Figure 4.2:

Flood Plan near Suleimanki Barrage


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4.2.3.4 Surface Water Testing


To assess baseline conditions of surface water in the project area, three grab samples were
obtained on 11th November 2009. The purpose of the surface water testing is to determine
the suitability of the water for irrigation purposes as well as for drinking. The three locations
were selected are indicated on Figure 4.4. Two of the locations, on Sutlej River, were near
the barrage (left and right undersluice) and one close to the out fall of BS Link Canal. It is
important to monitor water quality at the undersluices as water is diverted from the river into
the canals at that point. The contractor is obligated to ensure that in case of an extended
canal closure, water of comparable quality must be supplied to the areas directly affected by
the closure. Determining the quality of water close to the outfall of the BS Link Canal is
imperative since it is the main source of water in the Sutlej River. The comparison of test
results also indicate the impact of the Fazlika Drain, brings the wastewater from India in the
Sutlej River. Furthermore, during project implementation comparative analysis of water
quality at the site of on-going activities near the barrage and water quality coming in from the
BS Link Canal will assist in establishing the source of any contamination if present.
The samples were collected and tested by an EPA authorized laboratory SGS Laboratory.
Standard sampling procedures were followed at each site to ensure the integrity of the
samples collected and validity of test results. The details of sampling procedure and test
results are included in Appendix 4.1.
Results
The test results are summarized in table 4.4. The water quality parameters were compared
against WHO and NEQS levels. The WHO standards strictly adhere to water quality for
drinking purposes and are thus very stringent. Though the canals and river water is largely
used for irrigation, it is used in some areas for drinking purposes. Therefore WHO standards
have been used. The NEQS standards have been drafted for the contamination of water
quality by heavy metals and other industrial toxins.
However, since the water that flows towards the barrage and into the canals that off-take
from it is primarily used for irrigational purposes, the parameters were compared against the
United Nation Organizations (UNO) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines for
irrigation livestock and poultry in Table 4.5. These guidelines are included in Appendix 4.2.

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Table 4.4: Laboratory Analysis Report of Surface Water Samples


Results
Sr.
No

Parameter

Unit

Right
Under
Sluice
(11/11/09)

Left
Under
Sluice
(11/11/09)

Just after
BS link
fall into
Sutlej
River
(11/11/09)

WHO

NEQS

Odorless

01

Odor

Odorless

Odorless

02

pH

7.12

7.06

6.90

6.5 9.5

69

03

Turbidity

NTU

21

22

41

04

BOD5

mg/l

10

80.00

05

COD

mg/l

12

20

21

150.00

06

Total Coli Form

57

70

23

mg/l

28

30

48

200

mg/l

273

280

219

1000

3500

07
08

Total
Suspended
Solids (TSS)
Total Dissolved
Solids (TDS)

MPN/100
ml

09

Chloride (Cl)

mg/l

31.98

34.88

23.26

250

1000

10

Sulphate (SO4)

mg/l

34.78

44.86

29.64

250

600

11

Nitrates (NO3)

mg/l

1.4

1.7

0.9

50

12

Fluoride (F)

mg/l

0.33

0.36

0.39

1.50

10.00

13

Ammonia

mg/l

0.8

0.91

0.6

1.50

40

14

Grease & Oil

mg/l

<1.0

<1.0

<1.0

10.00

15

Chromium (Cr)

mg/l

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

0.05

1.00

16

Copper (Cu)

mg/l

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

2.00

1.00

17

Lead (Pb)

mg/l

0.02

0.02

0.04

0.01

0.50

18

Mercury (Hg)

mg/l

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.001

0.01

19

Selenium (Se)

mg/l

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

0.010

0.50

20

Nickel (Ni)

mg/l

<0.01

0.02

0.02

0.020

1.00

21

Silver (Ag)

mg/l

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

1.00

22

Zinc (Zn)

mg/l

0.02

0.02

0.02

3.00

5.00

23

Barium (Ba)

mg/l

<0.5

<0.5

<0.5

0.7

1.50

24

Iron (Fe)

mg/l

0.54

0.62

0.94

0.3

8.00

mg/l

0.02

0.02

0.04

0.50

1.50

mg/l

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

1.00

25
26

Manganese
(Mn)
Chlorine

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Table 4.5: Laboratory Analysis Report of Surface Water Samples (FAO limits)
Results
Just after
Sr.

Parameter

Unit

No

Right

Left

BS link

Under

Under

fall into

Sluice

Sluice

Sutlej

FAO

(11/11/09) (11/11/09) River


(11/11/09)
01
02

Electrical
Conductivity
Total Dissolved
Solids (TDS)

420

438

352

0 - 3000

mg/l

273

280

219

0 2000

03

Chloride (Cl)

mg/l

31.98

34.88

23.26

0 1060

04

Sulphate (SO4)

mg/l

34.78

44.86

29.64

0 960

05

Nitrates (NO3)

mg/l

1.4

1.7

0.9

0 10

meq/l

2.69

2.74

2.09

0 15

Sodium
06

Absorption
Ratio (SAR)

07

Magnesium

mg/l

9.0

9.96

9.37

0 60

08

Calcium

mg/l

36

36.48

34.56

0 400

09

Sodium

mg/l

70

72.5

53.75

0 910

10

Potassium

mg/l

4.9

4.9

4.2

11

Bicarbonates

mg/l

150.52

150.52

143.35

12

Carbonates

mg/l

<0.5

<0.5

<0.5

02
0 610
03

Analysis of Results
WHO Standards:
The water quality test results indicate that four parameters exceed WHO standards;
Turbidity, Total Coli Form, Lead and Iron in all three surface water sampling points. The
water is therefore clearly unsuitable for drinking purposes. However, according to the
Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PAK-EPA) 2003, the maximum limit of E-coil is
126 per 100ml in freshwater for recreational use. The numbers of E-coil in the samples are
less than 126/100ml therefore the river water is fit for recreational use.
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FAO Standards:
The water quality testing results were compared with the FAO standards for irrigation water
as shown in Table-4.5. From the salinity point of view, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) in all
three samples of the surface water was detected within the marginal criteria. Laboratory
results for Electrical Conductivity also showed that it was within the usable range. Almost all
other parameters tested within the defined limits, except for Potassium which exceeded the
limits.
The water quality testing results are consistent with the analysis of River Sutlej carried out by
IPD in 2007 and tabulated in their Annual 2007 report on water quality. 8 water quality
parameters were tested for during the months of December to October 2007 with the
conclusion that water quality of Sutlej remains within the safe limits of FAO standards.
NEQS Standards:
The results have been compared with NEQS 2000 as shown in Table 4.4. All water quality
parameters tested were within the defined ranges set by NEQS.
4.2.3.5 Ground Water
Tubewells and hand pumps are the two most common sources of groundwater within the
project area. The Unconfined aquifer can be found as shallow as 3 m depth from the ground
level near the barrage and is mainly used for drinking and agricultural purpose. The aquifer
constitutes of a stratum of loose sand of high permeability.
Groundwater Testing
To assess baseline conditions of ground water in the project area, one sample was obtained
from an existing hand pump at the barrage on 11th November 2009 for analysis. The hand
pump was located near the right guide bank, upstream of the barrage. It has been observed
that the local population uses this water source for drinking and domestic washing by a
nearby restaurant. The sampling point is indicated on Figure-4.1. The approximate depth of
the bore of the hand pump is 10m from ground level.
The sample collected was tested by an EPA authorized laboratory. Standard sampling
procedures used for surface water sampling were followed for the groundwater sample to
ensure the integrity of the samples collected and validity of test results.
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Results of Groundwater Testing


The water quality parameters tested for the groundwater sample are summarized in
Table 4.6 and Table 4.7. The parameters were compared against WHO, NEQS and FAO
standards. Since groundwater in the area is used for drinking purposes as well, it is
important to determine the quality of the water in terms of the WHO Guidelines for drinking
water.

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Table 4.6:
Sr.
No

Groundwater Test Results


Results

Parameter

Unit

GW

WHO

(11/11/09)

pH

7.29

6.5-8.5

Odour

Odorless

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

mg/l

415.0

1000.0

Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

mg/l

34

Turbidity

NTU

27

5.0

Ammonia

mg/l

0.05

1.50

10

E-coli

No./100ml

39.0

11

Flouride

mg/l

1.2

1.5

12

Chloride

mg/l

21.0

250.0

13

Chlorine*

mg/l

< 0.1

14

Oil and Grease

mg/l

<1.0

15

Arsenic

mg/l

<0.005

0.01

16

Barium

mg/l

< 0.5

0.7

17

Chromium

mg/l

< 0.01

0.05

18

Cyanide

mg/l

<0.01

0.07

19

Sulphate

mg/l

35.0

250.0

20

Iron

mg/l

2.50

0.3

21

Selenium

mg/l

< 0.01

0.01

22

Mercury

mg/l

< 0.001

0.001

23

Cadmium

mg/l

<0.01

0.003

24

Copper

mg/l

<0.01

1.0 2.0

25

Lead

mg/l

0.02

0.01

26

Nickel

mg/l

0.02

0.02

27

Silver

mg/l

<0.1

28

Zinc

mg/l

<0.01

3.0

29

Manganese

mg/l

0.41

0.5

30

Color

Pale Yellow

31

Sodium

mg/l

70

200.0

32

Nitrate

mg/l

5.30

50.0

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Table 4.7

Sr.
No

IEE Report

Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purpose


Results

Parameter

Unit

FAO
Standards

GW
(11/11/09)

Electrical Conductivity (EC)

S/cm

594

0- 3x105

Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR)

meq/l

1.92

0 15 (meq/l)

mg/l

ND

Residual Sodium Carbonate


(RSC)

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

mg/l

415.0

0 2000

Calcium Hardness

mg/l

183.15

Magnesium Hardness

mg/l

66.80

Magnesium

mg/l

16.3

0 60

Ammonia

mg/l

0.05

05

10

Sulphate

mg/l

35.0

0 960

11

Sodium

mg/l

70

0 910

12

Chloride

mg/l

21.0

0 1060

Analysis of Results
WHO Standards
The suite of contaminants and test results are summarized in Table-4.6. The test results
indicate that the groundwater quality is unsuitable for drinking purposes. 3 parameters,
Lead, Turbidity and Iron exceeded the defined WHO limits for drinking water. It is envisaged
that the higher concentrations of contaminants in shallow groundwater is due to the recharge
of groundwater from contaminated river water. However, groundwater from a higher depth is
likely to achieve the WHO drinking water standards.
FAO Standards
The water quality test results were also compared against FAO standards to determine the
groundwaters suitability to be used for irrigation as well. The analysis of the single
groundwater sample shows that all parameters necessary for irrigation water are within the
safe FAO limits.

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NEQS Standards
The groundwater quality parameters all tested within the safer limits of NEQS standards.
Groundwater Quality in Canal Command Areas
The secondary data for groundwater quality has been collected from the Directorate of Land
Reclamation and SMO offices for canals command areas. The groundwater was classified
on the basis of laboratory analysis arranged by SMO for Electrical Conductivity (EC),
Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) during 2005. For
ease in description, the groundwater has been expressed as usable, marginal and
hazardous for irrigation as determined by the adverse value of any of the above mentioned
three parameters. The classification criteria used is not intended to be strict in relation to the
effects of irrigation waters on soil and crop growth and can be truly adjusted according to
environmental factors such as climate, type of soil, crops grown and management practices.
SMO also carried out testing for pH and EC in the filed by using digital pH and EC meters
and sent all the water samples to the laboratory for detailed chemical analysis. The samples
were analyzed for EC, SAR and RSC. These parameters are used for the classification of
water as usable, marginal and hazardous.
Usable

Marginal

Hazardous

EC x 106 S/cm

0 1500

1500 3000

> 3000

RSC (meq/l)

0 2.5

2.5 5.0

> 5.0

SAR (mg/l)

0 10

10 18

> 18

The groundwater quality within the canal command areas are summarized in table 4.8.
Table 4.8:
Command
Area of

No.

Shallow Ground Water Quality within Canal Command Areas


Shallow Water Quality

of

Water

Usable

Marginal

Hazardous

Samples

No.

No.

No.

Pakpattan

592

393

66

158

27

41

Sadiqia

292

131

45

97

33

64

22

Fordwah

600

223

37

169

28

208

35

Source:

SMO reports publication No. 29, 33 and 35

The overall shallow ground water quality in Fordwah Canal Command Area when compared
to a survey done in 1977-79 indicates that the usable category of present survey has

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decreased by 16%, whereas marginal and hazardous water quality have increased by 12%
and 4%, respectively. Likewise for Sadiqia, the usable category has decreased by 14% while
the marginal and hazardous have increased by 4% and 10 % respectively, as compared to
the 1977-79 survey. This might be due to heavy pumpage of private tubewells which were
installed and operated by the farmers in the command area to meet with the crop water
requirements of the area. The drought conditions prevailing in the country since 1960 after
the Indus Water Treaty also played role in the deterioration of shallow water quality as fresh
water recharge remained comparatively less than pumpage. No survey in 1977-79 was done
for Pakpattan Canal Command Area.
4.3

BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The existing habitats within the project area include the agricultural land, wetland (including
the reservoir, canal system and small water impoundments) of these the agricultural land
occupied most of the area. The wetland is an important ecological feature of the site and is a
repository to a number of birds species. The area is open for shooting under the shooting
permit issued by the Wildlife Department.
4.3.1
Flora
The Flora can be divided into two parts:Riverian Tract
Adjacent Inland Area
Riverian Tract
In riverian tract, especially in pond area the succession of vegetation, first colonizes are
grasses and Typha followed by Tamarix as the soil become consolidated and is raised by
the new silt deposition in the scrub, so that the vegetation is no longer completely
submerged and erect tree growth becomes possible.
As the soil gets stabilized and drained the forest community normally progresses to Acacia
nilotica and Dalbergia sissoo. In its present state, the flora of Riverian Alluvial deposits can
be listed as follows:Trees
1. Lai (Tamarix dioca)
2. Pilchi (Tamarix gallica)
3. Babool (Acacia nilotica)
4. Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo)
5. Beri (Zizyphus yujuba)
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6. Jand (Prospis spicigera)


7. Mesqette (Prosopis juliflora)
8. Mesquette (Prosopis glandulosa)
9. Bhen/Poplar (Populus euphratica)
10. Khabbal (Cynodon dactylon)
11. Kanwal (Melolotus oralifolia)
12. Munj (Erianthus munja)
13. Kia (Sacchrum spontaneum)
14. Kunder (Typha elephantine)
Whereas the trees provide a habitat for birds the solid ground below is the houses of
mammals. The margin line of Typha and grasses becomes a good habitat for reptiles while
the fish occupy the adjacent waters.
Adjacent Inland Area
Adjacent area is either on the river banks or on risen parts of the consolidated alluvial
deposits within the pond. The natural flora of inland area is as follows:Trees: Salvadora oleoides (Peelo), Prosopis juliflora (Jangli kiker), Tamarix aphylla
(Farash), Dalbergia sisso (Shishm), Acacia nilotica (Kiker), Albizzia lebbec (Sars)
Kiker, Shishm, Sufaida and Tarmail were the main type of trees found along the
embankments.
Shrubs:

Calotropis procera (Aik), Prosopis glandulosa (Jangli kiker), Zizyphus

nummularia, Capparis aphylla (Karir),


Herbs:

Boerhavia diffusa(Itsit), Fomaria indica (Pitpapra), Carthamus oxycantha

(Pohli), Peganum harmala (Hermal), Alhagi camelorue (Jawann).


Grasses:

Cynodom dacylon, (Khabal), Desmostachya bipinnata (Dab), Dicanthium

annulatum (chimber), Sporobolus sp. Imperata cylindrica (Seer).


Exotics Trees in Adjacent Area
Near the banks some exotic tree species have been introduced over the time. Some of these
are:-

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1. Mulberry (Morus alba)


2. Bakain (Melia azadarach)
3. Shirin/siris (Albizzia lebeck)
4. Sufaida (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)
5. Ipal ipal (Minosifolia)
6. Burr (Ficus bengalensis)
7. Pipal (Ficus religiosa)
8. Mango (Mangifera indica)
9. Jaman (Eugenia Jambolana)
10. Toot (Moris Alba)
The tree density at the barrage is medium and high along the embankments. Shishm and
kiker are the most common trees found on site.
Economic Ecological Value of the Flora
The above listed flora consist of trees-shrubs-herbs and grasses. The flora on the whole
has following economic and ecological values:
1.

Production Value:
Timber, fuel wood and non-timber produce.

2.

Protection Values
Soil conservation, wind breaks and protection and habitats for fauna.

3.

Environmental Values
Production of oxygen, carbon absorption, cooling of air temperature.

4.

Aesthetic Values
Trees as green dimension tool of landscape the other vegetation supplements that.

5.

Cultural Values
Various produce available out of the flora shape the habits and culture of the
adjacent population.

6.

Strategic Value
Near the project area there is Rangers out post and the scale vegetation on the site
provides camouflage as well as obstacle value to the area.

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7.

IEE Report

Rehabilitation Value
Succession of vegetation on alluvial soil in the river builds up the soil at advance
stage this process can add more lands to agriculture use.

4.3.2
Terrestrial Fauna
The rich Fauna of Sutlej River at Sulemanki Barrage, upstream in the barrage head pond
and downstream in the released waters, is as follows: the data collected from the Wildlife
department and from the EIA study conducted for Islam Barrage Rehabilitation & Upgrading.
Mammals
Species

Scientific Name

Status

Mongoose

Herpestes edwardsi

Common

Mongoose

Herpestes anropunctatous

Common

Porcupine

Hystrise indica

Common

Hedge Hog

Hemiechinus spp.

Common

Fox

Valpes bengalensis

Less Common

Jackal

Canis aureus

Common

Wild Boar

Sus scrofa

Common

House Rat

Rattus rattus

Common

Yellow House Bat

Scotphilus

Common

Hare

Lepus nigricollis

Common

Nilgai

Boselaphus tragocamelus

Rare

Hog Deer

Axis porcinus

Rare

Black Buck

Disambiguation

Rare

Scientific Name

Status

Reptiles & Amphibian


Species
Frogs

Common

Toads

Common

Marsh crocodiles

Crocodylus palustris

Now extinct

Sand Boa or Du-muhi

Erys Johnii

Common

Chequared
Snake

keel

back Natrix piscator

Common

Dark-bellied marsh Snake

Xenochrophis cerasogaster

Common

Striped river Snake

Enhydris pakistanica

Rare

Gecko

Hemidactylus

Common

Dhaman

Ptyas mucosus

Rare

Striped Keel back

Amphiosma estolata

Rare

Indian Cobra

Naja naja

Common

Indian Monitor Lizard

Veranus bengalensis

Common

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Species

IEE Report

Scientific Name

Variety of lizards, krait and


viper

Status
Common

Turtles Hard shelled


Species

Scientific Name

Status

Common River Turtle

Hardella Thurjii

Common

Brahminy River Turtle

Hardella thurgi

Common

Species

Scientific Name

Status

Indian Flapshell Turtle

Lissymes punctata

Common

Brown River Turtle

Kachuga Smithin

Common

Scientific Name

Status

Flap Shells

True Soft Shells


Species

Narrow Headed soft shell Chitra indica


turtle

Rare

Indian soft shelled turtle Trionysc gangeticus


(Sunworshippens)

Rare

Common Tortois

Common

4.3.3
Birds
The barrage pond area provides the habitat of many species of migrating waterfowl and
protected species of the local birds. Partridge and Peacock are the local protected species of
the birds found in project area. Many rare species of waterfowl also visit this site during
winter. The list of birds is prepared during the consultation of wildlife department.
Species

Scientific Name

Status

White breasted kingfisher

Halcyon smyrnensis

Common

Pied kingfisher

Ceryle rudis

Common

Little egret

Egretta garryetta

Common

Cattle egret

Bubulcus ibis

Common

Pond heron

Areleola grayii

Common

Little bittern

Ixobrychus minutes

Common

Red-vented bulbul

Pyenonotus cafer

Common

Black drongo

Dicrurus macrocercus

Common

Rosy starling

Sturnus vulgaris

Common
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Common myna

Acridotheres tristis

Common

Bank myna

Acridotheres ginginianus

Common

House crow

Corvas splendens

Common

Large pied wagtail

Motacilla maderaspatensis

Common

Ring dove

Streptopelia decaocto

Common

Little brown dove

Streptopelia senegalensis

Common

Indian roller

Coracias benghalensis

Common

Plain prinia

Prinia inornata

Common

Purple sunbird

Nectarinia asiatica

Common

Indian robin

Saxicoloides fulicata

Common

Coppersmith barbest

Megalaima rubricapilla

Common

Rose-ringed parakeet

Psittacula krameri

Common

Black-crowned night heron

Nycticorax nycticorax

Common

Greater coucal

Centropus sinensis

Common

Asian koel

Eudynamys scolopacea

Common

Golden-back woodpecker

Dinopium javanense

Common

Dendrocopos mahrattensis

Common

Barn owl

Tyto alba

Common

Spotted owlet

Athene brama

Common

Blue-rock pigeon

Columba livia

Common

Yellow-throated sparrow

Petronia xanthocollis

Common

Sind sparrow

Passer pyrrhonotus

Common

River tern

Sterna aurantia

Common

White spoon bill

Platalea leucorodia

Rare

White tailed plover

Vanellus leucurus

Rare

Black Winged stilt

Himantopus himantopus

Common

Cattle egret

Bubulcus ibis

Common

Common coot

Fulica atra

Common

Common pochard

Aythya ferina

Common

Common sand piper

Actitis hypaleucus

Common

Black Headed goose

Anser indicus

Rare

Red crested pochard

Netta rufina

Rare

Tufted duck

Aythy fuligula

Rare

Pond heron

Ardeola Grayti

Common

Yellow-crowned
woodpecker

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River tern
4.3.4

IEE Report

Sterna aurantia

Common

Fish

The most important typies of game fish found in Indus valley are Palla (Tenua losa ilisha)
and Mahasheer (Torputitora spp.) which are an exceptional species. But due to construction
of a series of barrages Palla cannot migrate from sea upwards and is almost extinct from
river waters. Upward breeding movement of Mahasheer is also restricted due to barrages.
The data included in this section is collected during the site meeting with the fishing
contractors and visit at the local office of Fisheries Department. Mainly the fish is exported to
big cities like Multan, Lahore, Karachi etc, however small quantity of fish is sold by the
vendors along the road near the barrage. Fishing is not allowed within 500m of the barrage
upstream and downstream. The contractor(s) can go up to 6 to 7 km from both side of the
barrage to catch the fish. Specially designed net (Jal) by the fishermen are the common tool
of catching fish. It has been found that more than 90% of the people live around the barrage
are connected with the fishing industry during the fishing season. The most common type of
fish found at the barrage are Mali, Gulfam, Sangari, Raho, Talapi, Mori and Soul.
Fisheries play a significant role in Pakistan economy and contribute towards full filling the
food requirement of the country. There are also handful numbers of fish shops at the
Barrage where both raw and fried fish are sold. People from the surrounding big cities and
towns i.e. Okara, Kasor, Pakpattan, Depalpour etc visit at the barrage to enjoy the fresh fried
fish during the fishing season. The fishing season commence on October and finish by mid
of February. During off season local people get involve with agricultural work or temporarily
move to the cities to avail money earning opportunities.
Fishes Commonly Found in River Sutlej Upstream and Downstream Sulemanki
Barrage
Local Name
Scientific Name
Daula

Channa marulius

Dumbra

Labeo rohita

Dumbro

Labeo rohita

Gulfam

Cyprinus carpio

Khagga

Mystus (Mystus) bleekeri (Day)

Khagga

Rita rita

Mori

Barilius Vagra

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Mullee

Wallago attu

Rohu

Labeo rohita

Saul

Channa marulius (Ham)


Channa striatus (Bloch)

Singhara

Mystus (Osteobagrus) seenghala

Singhari

Mystus (Osteobagrus) aor

Singhi

Heteropneustes fosslis

Theil

Catla Catla

Thaila

Catla catla

Theili

Catla catla

It can be concluded from the above data that as long as there is no drastic change in the
general river habitat there can hardly any impact on Fish habitats. In anyway, the biological
interbalance in the ecosystem is healthy that all minor changes do not cross the limits of
ecological shock absorbers.
IUCN Status of identified species
Status of each species is indicated in column three of the list. No IUCN red list is available
for particular reference to Sulemanki Barrage and surrounding area, however the listed
species have been broadly categorized in IUCN list on global basis as follow;
Endangered: Narrow Headed soft shell turtle (Turtle)
Vulnerable: common River Turtle (Turtle), Gulfam (fish), Singhi (Fish)
All other species are of Least Concern or Not Evaluated in IUCN List
WWF conducted exploratory surveys of headworks of Punjab in 2007 under Pakistan
Wetlands Programme. The survey revealed that ecologically important species of wetlands
are found in this area. The site is under the control of the Pakistan Army, being near to the
line of control (LoC). Ultimately, activities of people are fairly limited.
Wetlands associated species reported at head Sulemanki include smooth-coated otter
(Lutrogale perspicillata), Hog deer (Axis porcinus porcinus), and various species of
freshwater turtles of which the most important are Ganges softshell turtle (Nilsonia
gangetica), Indian peacock softshell turtle (Nilsonia hurum), and Indian narrow-headed
softshell turtle (Chitra indica). Otters and Hog deer are threatened due to loss of suitable
habitat and illicit hunting all over the country.
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Freshwater turtles are facing a serious threat of trade in their body parts in the country.
Duration of trade in turtle parts recorded in head Sulemanki was 6 years in 2007, which
revealed that commercial turtle trade started in 2002 in this area.
Historic records showed that Head Sulemanki also served as a suitable habitat for Marsh
crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), and Indus Blind Dolphin (Platanista gangetica minor) before
the construction of water barriers/headworks.
Important bird species that visit the waters of head Sulemanki include various species of
ducks (Mallard, Gadwall, Teal, Pochard, and Coot). Approximately 85 species of birds have
been recorded so far from this headwork. White-headed duck (Oxyura leucocephala) were
reported in 1922 at head Sulemanki. There exist suitable habitats for raptors (marsh harrier,
black shouldered-kite). In 2003, Oriental white-back vulture (Gyps benegalensis), was
recorded in head Sulemanki.
The primary data collection and stakeholder consultation with wildlife department and local
community conducted under this study do not confirm the presence of hog deer and ottar at
Sulemanki Barrage. Turtle trade has been controlled by the Wildlife Department by regular
monitoring of their traned staff. No sign of pouching of turtles was observed during technical
survey conducted by the ecologist. Also since the IWT almost all the Sutlej River water is
diverted by India and the river stay bone dray most of the part of the year i.e. about 10
months of the year. The barrages on Sutlej River in Pakistan region are mainly feeded by
diverting water from western rivers with link canals.

4.4
4.4.1

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
General

A survey was carried out to appraise prevailing socio-economic conditions of the related
community in the project areas and to assess the impacts of envisaged rehabilitation and upgradation of Sulemanki Barrage on local settlements to cover all the possible options of work
scheme. To achieve the project objectives, it is imperative to study the prevailing socioeconomic and socio cultural aspects of their livelihood. For this purpose a socioeconomic
survey was conducted to assess the socio-economic condition of the people. The study was
completed by December 2009.
4.4.2
Study Area
Sulemanki Barrage is located in Tehsil Depalpur, District Okara. Okara derived its name
from a tree known as OKAAN which was standing on the embankment of a water tank,
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being maintained by a person known asRANA. The Okara district is composed of three
Sub Divisions/Tehsils Okara, Renala Khurd and Depalpur. The Okara district is bounded by
district Faisalabad and Sheikhupura on the north-west where river Ravi forms the natural
boundary for the whole length of Okara district which is about 40 kilometers.
Okara has a wide variety of culture reflecting the traditions and customs of the area. Fairs,
Festivals and Sports Melas (Public congregations) held here. People from different places
visit these fairs. Temporarily shops put up for visitors shopping. Items of entertainment which
attract the people are tent pegging, horse races, donkey race, fight between hounds with a
bear, dog race, cock fighting, wrestling bouts, kabaddi, circus, Theatre, touring cinemas,
volley ball and foot ball matches etc. Folk singers thrill the crowds. All these items are the
sources of enjoyment for all age groups.
Depalpur has a great historic past and is a very ancient town. The fortified town of Depalpur
is built on an old Kashan site (40 A.D. to 172 A.D.). Depalpur fell on the way to Dehli and, as
such, was considered to be a place where an invader could be engaged. Depalpur,
therefore, was one of the 3 lines of defence: the other 2 being Uch Sharif/Multan and
Samana/Sunam and Hansi. (Aaeen-e-Akbari. Vol 1 Part II, Page 1042, by Abul Fazal). Main
castes of the area are Kharrals, Sials, Wattos, Mohars etc. Total area is 2502 sq. Kms.
4.4.3
Data Source/Methodology
Findings/conclusion of the present socio-economic study of the Project Area based on
sample survey, discussion and meetings with the stakeholders and published data.
4.4.3.1 Secondary Data
Secondary data was collected from various sources as given below:
District Population Census Report, 1998
Provincial Population Census Report of Punjab 1998
Pakistan 2003 Mouza Statistics (Settled Areas)
4.4.3.2 Primary Data
It was difficult to interview every household from the Project Area as the time and cost
involved in such data collection and analysis was enormous. Thus for the selection of
respondents simple random sampling technique was adopted. According to ADB guidelines,
20 percent of the total households residing in the vicinity of Sulemanki Barrage was
calculated to determine the sample.
The sample size was 66 households. Another very important section of the society i.e.
gender analysis was also covered in the study. The numerical reality that women constitute
about half of the total population of Pakistan ideally assigns to them equal participation role
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in the economic life of the country. Therefore 46 female respondents were interviewed by
female Sociologist.
Total 112 questionnaires were filled at different locations in the study area. Among the
respondents 66 were males for household survey and 46 were females for gender survey.
The respondents were from all walks of life having different professional backgrounds.
4.4.3.3. Questionnaire Design
Following Questionnaires were designed and administered for the study:
Questionnaire for Village Profile
Questionnaire for Households
Questionnaire for Gender Analysis
All the questionnaires were pre-tested in the field and required modifications were made
before the initiation of actual survey.
A survey team consisting of three experienced Sociologists was constituted (two males &
one female). Briefing sessions were held for the survey team members to explain the
objectives of the study. Questionnaires were also discussed in detail in the briefing session.
4.4.4
Culture
Concept of culture can provide ways of explaining and understanding human behavior, belief
systems, values and ideologies, as well as particular culturally specific personality types.
Culture is the full range of learned human behavior patterns. Culture is a powerful human
tool for survival, but it is a fragile phenomenon. It is constantly changing and easily lost
because it exists only in our minds (Edward B Tyler 1832-1917).
4.4.4.1 Settlement Structure
The information regarding settlements is given in Table 4.9 There are two major types of
settlements in rural study area.
Farm Village
It is the type where farmers are assembled in a village in the center of the farmland of the
mouza/village. They cultivate outlying fields. Table 4.9 reveals that 36 percent, 45 percent
and 55 percent villages have one settlement in Tehsil Depalpur, District Okara and Punjab
province respectively.

Nebulous Farm
This is the type where some of the farmers live in a village and till the surrounding fields,
while other are scattered beyond the village to live on the isolated farms. Data presented in
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table 4.1 shows that 63 percent, 53 percent and 42 percent villages comprises more than
one settlements in Tehsil Depalpur, District Okara and Punjab province respectively. About 1
percent, 2 percent and 3 percent mouzas / villages are unpopulated in Tehsil Depalpur
District Okara and Punjab province respectively.

Table 4.9:

Area

Depalpur
Tehsil
Okara
District
Punjab
Province

Settlement Structure
Number of Settlements

Total
Rural
Mouza
s

One
Nos.

Nos.

Nos.

Nos.

545

191

36

171

31

126

23

36

922

410

45

257

28

165

18

57

12

21

55

5595

22

15

1041

181

783

25394

2-3

1387
9

4-5

391
5

6-9

Rural
10
&
Unpopulat
Above
ed Villages
Nos
Nos
%
%
.
.

Source: Mouza statistics (Settled Areas) Government of Pakistan Statistics Division.


Agriculture Census Organization.

4.4.4..2

Religion

Religion is instinctive to man. It is inseparable from human society. Man is only a religious
being. Religion affects human behavior deeply. Religion helps to knit the social values of a
society into cohesive whole. It is the ultimate source of social cohesion. The primary
requirement of society is the common possession of social values by which individuals
control the actions of self and others and through which society is perpetuated. These social
values emanate from religious faith. Religion is the foundation upon which these values rest.
It is religion that asks man to renounce unsocial activities and requires him to accept
limitations upon his wants and desires. All the religions have preached love and nonviolence. They have emphasized sacrifice and forbearance. Table 4.10 shows percentage
distribution of the total population of the study area is 100percent Muslim. They constitute 98
percent in District Okara and 97.70 percent in Punjab Province. Percentage of Christian
population is 1.80 percent in District Okara and 1.90 percent in Punjab Province.
Table 4.10:
Area

Muslim

Christian

Hindu

Religion
Qadiani/Ahmadi

(Percent)
Schedule
Caste

Others
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Area
Okara
District
Punjab
Province

IEE Report

100.0

--

--

--

--

--

98.1

1.8

0.1

97.7

1.9

0.1

0.2

0.1

*Very small number (not significant)


Source: i)
District Census Report 1998
ii)
Provincial Census Report of Punjab Population Census Organization

4.4.4.3 Language
Punjabi language is spoken by 95.7 percent in Okara District. Punjabi is very important
language which is very common in study area. About 3.5 percent individuals are speaking
urdu in Okara District and 4.5 percent in Punjab province as given in Table 4.11.
Table 4.11:
Area
Study
Area
Okara
District
Punjab
Province

Urdu

Punjabi

Sindhi

Languages
Balochi

Pushto

Siraiki

(Percent)
Others

--

100.0

--

--

--

--

--

2.8

96.7

0.2

0.1

0.2

2.0

73.6

0.2

0.9

0.9

21.4

1.0

*Very small number (not significant)


Source: i) District Census Report
ii) Provincial Census Report of Punjab Population Census Organization

4.4.4.4 Baradri
The baradri (brotherhood) is an important aspect of the rural society. Various branches of
baradri may not be living in the same locality. Mostly baradries form on the basis of blood
relation, caste and occupation. Baradri plays an important role in the farm events e.g. birth,
death, marriage etc. in the study area. If a ceremony is done properly it adds prestige to the
baradri and enhances the beauty of the occasion. People of the same baradri usually have
sympathetic feelings for each other. Vartan Bhaji, a custom in which they exchange gifts on
special occasions, is a very common affair of the baradri in the study area. Baradri is a sign
of solidarity and unity. It is the evidence of an integrated and pleasant social order
relationship.

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4.4.5
Demographic Characteristics
The demographic characteristics of study area comprising Depalpur Tehsil and comparison
with the statistics of Okara District and Punjab Province are shown in Table 4.12. According
to the 1998 census the population of the Depalpur Tehsil 1.03 million inhabitants. The
annual population growth rate of Depalpur Tehsil Okara district and Punjab province is
estimated as 2.58, 2.42 and 2.64 percent respectively on the basis of intercensal period of
1981-1998. Population is projected by using annual population growth rate of 1981-1998 for
Depalpur Tehsil, Okara District and Punjab Province as given in Table 4.12.
The table indicates that current population is 1.37 million in Depalpur Tehsil. The population
density based on the projected figure for 2009 is calculated as 547 persons per sq.km in
Depalpur Tehsil whereas 666 and 479 persons per sq. km in Okara district and Punjab
province respectively. The population density Depalpur Tehsil and in Okara District is higher
as compared to Punjab Province.
Household size may also effects the economic situation of the household. Bigger household
size may mean more hands to do farm work or non farm work. It can also mean more
mouths to feed. Table No. 4.12 reveals that the average household size 6.8, 6.2, 6.5 and 6.9
in study area, Depalpur Tehsil, Okara District, and Punjab province respectively is almost the
similar. The relative proportion of two sexes in the total population is an important
demographic feature. Sex composition profoundly affects the social and economic behavior
of population. It gives the proportion of males to females and is commonly expressed as the
number of males per 100 females. The male female ratio in the study area (107:100) is
higher as compared to the ratio in Depalpur Tehsil and Okara District.
The dependency ratio of any area have negative effect on socio-economic aspects of life i.e.
especially on per capita income and ultimately on the standard of living. Table 4.12 indicates
that the dependency ratio (63 percent) in the study area is lower as compared rural
population of Depalpur, Okara District and Punjab province.

Table 4.12:
Area

Area

Annual

Demographic Characteristics

Population

Populati

House

Sex

Rural

Depende

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(Sq.

Growth

Kms)

Rate

1998

2009

(1998)
Depalpur
Tehsil
Okara
District
Punjab

2.58

4377

2.42

20534

Province

Project

2.64

--

Area
Source:

2502

i)
ii)

on

-hold

Ratio

Propor

ncy Ratio

Density

Size

(1998)

tion

(2009)

(2009)
103083

136912

223299

291404

736212

984288

90

79

--

--

--

(2009)

547

6.2

108.5

79.7

91.0

666

6.5

109.6

77.0

90.0

479

6.9

107.0

69.0

87.0

--

6.8

107.0

100

63.0

District Census Report 1998


Provincial Census Report of Punjab 1998, Population Census Organization

4.4.6
Age Distribution of Respondents
Age is another important demographic characteristic which has a bearing on the
employment and mobility. A study of distribution of heads of households by age will throw
some light on the type of strategies which may be helpful in raising their income and
employment. The data about age of household head (respondent) in study area as
presented in Table 4.13. Indicates that relatively more sample respondents fall in age group
of 45-54 years. The average age of sample respondents in Study area is 50 years.
Table.4.13:

Age Distribution of Sample Respondents


by household Categories

Age Group Years

(Percent)
Overall

Farm
Household
4
4
22
33

Non Farm Household


7
20
13
13

04
08
20
29

55-64

23

27

24

65 & above

14

20

15

Upto 24
25-34
35-44
45-54

Source:

Sample Survey

4.4.7
Caste / Baradries
The word caste comes from the Portuguese casta, meaning lineage. The male respondents
belong to different castes. Majority of the sample households (44 percent) belong to Mohar,
30 percent Watoo, 9 percent Kharal, 8 percent Rajpoot family whereas 9percent belong to
other castes like Arain, Dhool, Bhandara etc. as detailed in Table 4.14.
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Table 4.14.

Households Distribution According to Caste

Sr. No

Caste/Baradri

Nos.

Percent

Mohar

29

44

Wattoo

20

30

Kharal

Rajpoot

Arain

1.5

Dhool

1.5

Bhandara

1.5

Phulerwan

1.5

Kalia

1.5

10

Kumhar

1.5

66

100

Total
Source:

Sample Survey

4.4.8
Disputes and their Resolution
About 23 percent of the households informed that they had disputes with other i.e. land, live
stock, fodder stealing, house, water turn, women and children related and resolved through
Biratheries, Religious Leader, MPAs and at Police Station. While 77percent respondents
revealed that they dont have any disputes with others.
4.4.9
Education
A study of educational status not only provides guidelines to policy makers but also help in
understanding the demographic behavior of the population (Malik 1967). The literacy level is
one of the factors which determine the quality of the human resources. The low percentage
of literacy gives the indication of cultural barriers to the spread or innovations and scientific
methods. The data given in Table 4.15 indicates that the proportions of literate sample
respondents are 47percent in study area. Furthermore literacy rate in the large B farmers (73
percent) is more as compared with all categories of farm size. The literacy level of
respondents of medium, large A and large B farm size is 49 percent, 52 percent and 73
percent respectively, whereas literacy level of non-farm household respondents is
39percent. Data reveals that an increase in size of holding was found to have positive
impact on the literacy rate.The number of education institutions reflect the status of literacy
and education level in particular area. There are 5 Primary School for boys, 4 Primary
School for girls 2 Middle School for boys and 1 Middle School for girls at villages Nahal
Mahar, Dullayke Mahar, Qasimke Mahar and Basirpur Town. There is also one High School
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for boys and one High School for girls in the study area at the distance of 7 km to 23 Kms.
There are 2 Degree Colleges one for boys and one for girls in Basirpur at the distance of
7Kms.
Table 4.15:

Education Level of Sample Population


(Percent)

Literacy

Small

Small B

Medium

Large A

Large B

Non

Less than

5 to Less

12.5 to

25 to

50 Acres

Farm

than 12.5

Less than

Less

& Above

Househo

Acres

Acres

25 Acres

than 50

Total

lds

Acres
Literate

25

33

49

52

73

39

47

Illiterate

75

67

51

48

27

61

53

Total

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

Source:

Sample Survey

4.4.10 Occupation
It is useful to have information about occupational distribution of members of the sample
households. Such information will facilitate better planning and execution of the project. The
rural community in the study area consists of two groups. Farmers and those who are
landless / non farm households. Farmers, who own or lease / encroach land, derive their
living by cultivating the farm land. This community may also supplement the farms income by
raising animals and off farm work. The members of non farm community generally do
agriculture labour, business, services, operating small shops, daily wage work, milk
processing and sales and other services to earn the income to fulfill their living necessities.
They conduct such business in their own village and nearby villages and in urban areas.
About 77 percent and 23 percent of the sample head of households of the area are engaged
in agriculture and non farm activities respectively (Table- 4.16)

Table 4.16:

Occupation
(Percent)

Occupation

Major

Minor I

Minor II

Agriculture

77

--

Labour

15

25

67

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Business

--

Milk Selling

--

39

--

Service

21

33

Fish Farm

--

--

Black Smith

--

--

--

--

--

--

100

100

100

Grind
(Chakki)

Mechine

Imam Masjid
Total
Source:

Sample Survey

4.4.11 Habitation
Housing facilities of the households reflect their financial position and living standard.
Habitation is identified as a space occupied for develling purposes and is further classified
according to the type of structure into three categories i.e. pucca, kacha and wood. Pucca
houses are constructed with baked bricks/ blocks / stones with cement and concrete
bounded. Kacha houses are made of unbaked bricks / earth bounded whereas wood houses
are made of wood / bamboos. As shown in Table 4.17 the average numbers of rooms per
household are 1.9 and 2.3 in the Okara District and Punjab Province area respectively. The
numbers of rooms in both cases are not sufficient.
Table 4.17:

Habitation
(Percent)

Wall Material

Okara District

Punjab Province

Overall

Rural

Overall

Rural

Baked Bricks / Blocks /


Stones

51.3

43.7

68.0

58.4

Unbaked Bricks / Earth


Bounded

46.9

54.4

30.4

39.7

Wood / Bamboo

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.8

Other

1.0

1.1

0.9

1.1

Rooms per house

1.9

--

2.3

--

Persons / Rooms

3.4

--

3.0

--

Source:

i)
ii)

District Census Report 1998


Provincial Census Report of Punjab 1998, Population Census Organization
Statistic Division, Government of Pakistan

4.4.12 Health
The population settle on river training embankments have no proper access to health
facilities in the area and have to travel Nehal Mohar, Basirpur and Haveli Lakha for their
treatment at the distance of 1Km, 7 kms and 23 kms respectively. All population takes

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treatment from Doctors. Health condition of the people generally very poor due to commonly
prevalent health issues i.e. male nutrition, due to high rate of child birth, typhoid, cholera,
malaria, and skin diseases etc.
4.4.13 Drinking Water Facilities
The main cause of most of the communicable and abdominal disease is non availability of
clean drinking water. Bradley (1976) has dwelt on a number of tropical diseases relating to
water supply. About 20-30 different diseases may be caused by water supply for example,
viral, bacterial, protozal and helminthic diseases. According to him these diseases may be
water borne (infectious) water- bases (due to lack of water) and water related (from insects
in water).
From the above, it can be concluded that suitable safe drinking water is important factor
promoting human health and productivity.
During survey it was found that all families had installed hand pumps and electric motors
inside and outside their houses. The proportion of hand pumps for drinking water in the rural
areas of district Okara and Punjab Province households is estimated as 76 percent and 78
percent respectively which is also quite high as compared to other sources (Pipe, Well,
Pond, etc) of drinking water (Table 4.18)
Table 4.18:
Sources

Source of Drinking Water

Okara District

Punjab Province

All Areas

Rural

All Areas

Rural

INSIDE

87.8

85.7

86.7

83.4

Pipe (Nul)

14.6

10.0

24.3

11.0

Hand Pump

72.8

75.2

60.4

70.6

Well

0.4

0.5

2.0

1.8

OUTSIDE

12.2

14.3

13.3

16.6

Pipe (Nul)

1.5

1.5

2.2

1.7

Hand Pump

7.2

0.6

5.3

7.1

Well

0.7

0.9

2.2

3.1

Pond

0.2

0.2

1.1

1.5

Others

2.6

3.1

2.5

3.2

Source:

i)
iii)

District Census Report 1998


Provincial Census Report of Punjab 1998, Population Census Organization
Statistic Division, Government of Pakistan

4.4.14 Energy Sources


Energy is vital for Socio-economic development. Unluckily, due to isolation living of the
scattered population, rural electrification is missing at the Dharanga spur area i.e. 6
households resulting in the alternative use of kerosene oil for lighting. According to
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District/Province census 1998, electricity is used by 65percent, and 63percent households in


Okara District and Punjab Province rural areas respectively (Table 4.19).
Table 4.19

Source of Light
(Percent)

Sources

Okara District

Punjab Province

All Areas

Rural

All Areas

Rural

Electricity

69.4

64.5

72.5

63.3

Kerosine Oil

29.2

34.2

26.6

35.8

Others

1.4

1.3

0.9

0.9

Source:

i)
iv)

District Census Report 1998


Provincial Census Report of Punjab 1998, Population Census Organization
Statistic Division, Government of Pakistan

4.4.16 Gender Issues


Gender problems are critical and are connected to a sustainable development process,
which is usually perceived as women specific issues. In order to assess socio-economic
impact of running project on women of the project area, 46 females respondents were
interviewed by female sociologist.
Generally, the women carry out household work and look after the family and children. But
such family labor is unpaid and is assigned no imputed value which calculated the Gross
National Product (GNP) of the country. In the rural areas, women do carry out agricultural
activities such as sowing, harvesting, threshing and storage of crops, collection of fodder
and livestock care. In addition, women are engaged in non-farm activities such as sewing,
knitting and cottage industry etc. Although, such activities provide supplementary income for
their household, these are not fully captured in the computation of GNP.
The numerical reality that women constitute about half of the total population of Pakistan
ideally assigns to them equal participation role in the economic life of the country and
through this approach; we cannot ignore their role in development sector. Therefore survey
was conducted by Gender Specialist. Focus group discussions were also held with the
women residing along the RMB as well as Dhranaga spur. Ensure representation and
presence of women from different socio-economic groups in all meetings. The study has
identified a range of positive and negative impacts ofrehabilitation and upgrading of the
Suleimanki barrage . Some of the positive impacts are enhanced economic growth of the
surrounding of those particular areas through increasing water efficiency. It is the beacon of
economic survival for those families who are often disturbed during flood season in the
shape of their livelihood, houses and standing crops losses. The flood also becomes a
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cause of livestock loss, which supplements their income. The implementation of the project
will play important role to save human lives and economic resources of the area.

4.4.16.1
i)

Socio-economic and cultural aspects

Marital Setup

The survey results indicate that 94 percent women get married within their families. The
custom of inter family marriages is very common in the project area. Such marriages are as
not only a link between man and a woman but it also play role to unite their parents families.
ii)

Women Marriage Age

Women age at marriage also contributes a lot in terms of their health (particularly
reproductive), education and in the role of development. It is common trend in the study area
to marry the daughters at early age especially when they grow up/ reach at working age.
Survey results show that overall 46 percent of the women married at the age group of 14 to
19 years, 33percent at the age group of 20 to 22 years, 15 percent at the age group of 23 to
25 years and only 7percent at the age group of 26 years and above but not more than 30
years.
iii) Women Role in Decision Making
It is observed in the field that women have a insignificant role in decision making. Women
are actively participated in farm and non-farm activities but have little contribution in making
decision in these areas. .About 59 percent women reported their participation in decision
making regarding domestic affairs. However, their participation in respect of property matters
or in business affairs is about only 22 percent.

4.4.16.2

Position of Women

Women role in development is not a simple one; it relates to a complete range of socio
economic activities. Involuntary dislocation may disturb their livelihood. According to the field
information it is found that female participation for the betterment of family is more as
compared to male. In economic side women participate in agriculture activities. They also
work as casual hired labor. The field data indicates that 46 percent, 71 percent and 100
percent women participate in agriculture, livestock and domestic activities respectively.
Women Participation in Household Tasks
Women also play vital role in maintaining domestic function such as cooking, cleaning the
house, washing the clothes & pots and looking after the family. Data indicates that almost
100% women involved in cooking, cleaning pots and in family caring activities.
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Women Participation in Agriculture Activities


Women of the study area, undertake much of the work in the fields. Results of the data
indicate that 46 percent of families involved in agricultural activities. An increase in size of
holding is found to have a negative impact on the participation of women in agricultural
activities. All 46 percent women participated in various farming operation for crops of wheat,
rice, corn, cotton and fodder. These include cotton seed preparation, irrigation, land
preparation, applying manure, sowing, weeding, hoeing, picking cotton & vegetables and
collecting chaff and hey etc fodder cutting and livestock rearing. They are also working as a
casual hired labor for agriculture. They are working for both season Rabi and Khraif also. It
is also observed that wheat, rice, cotton, corn and fodder are the major crops.
Women Participation in Livestock Related Tasks
Livestock production is an important and integral component of farming systems in the study
area. Livestock also contributes a large proportion of the income of farmers with smalllandholdings. Results of the survey indicate that 100 percent families have livestock in their
houses. Many of the livestock caring jobs are considered womens work. About 71 percent
respondents (women) participated in livestock relating tasks such as cutting/chopping of
fodder, feeding, watering, cleaning the shed, bathing etc.
Other Economic Activities
The rate of women participation in economic activities is very low in Pakistan especially in
rural areas. Women participation in economic activities will be increased to remove
inequities and imbalances in all sectors of socio-economic development and to ensure
women's equal access to all development benefits and social services. Women are working
as a causal hired labor in project area but their role in other economic activities is very low
due to lack of education and vocational skills. During survey, it is found that only one female
is conducting classes in Government High School for girls at village Jamalkot.
4.5

BASELINE CONDITIONS OF PROPOSED CONTRACTORS FACILITY AREA:


The proposed sites are government land and land acquisition will not require.
No resettlement is required for the construction of batching plant and labour camp at
the proposed sites.
The proposed sites are barren area and no tree cutting is required for the
construction activities
The sites have easy access from the existing main road (Sulemanki Barrage to
Havely Lakha Road) of the area.

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There are some local depressions in the area which may need to be raised with
borrowing material.
The proposed sites are well away (>500m) from the build up area. The sites are
approximately 2.5km away from the barrage.
No houses are located at the close vicinity at downstream of the wind flow of the
area.

Plate 4.1: A View of Female Participation in Household Relating Task

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Plate 4.2: A view of females participation for livestock activities

Plate 4.3: A view of Kacha Affected House

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Plate 4.4: Right Divide Wall and Fish Ladder Upstream of Barrage

Plate 4.5: Left Divide Wall and Fish Ladder Upstream at Barrage

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Plate 4.6: Fazilka Drain entering Barrage Pond from India

Plate 4.7: Bela Developed in Left Pocket of Pond Area

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Plate 4.8 :

Plate 4.9 :

IEE Report

Consultation with Wildlife Staff at Wildlife Public Park

Consultation with Fishing Department at Suleimanki Barrage

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CHAPTER 5:

IEE Report

STUDY OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

The analysis of alternatives for the project is a vital part of the EIA process as it gives the
opportunity to review and assess different ways of meeting the project objectives so that the
environmental impact of the project is minimal. The following options/alternatives were
analyzed for strengths and weaknesses of the proposed project:
No Project Option
Option 1: Provision of fuseplug weir and flood bypass channel.
Option 2: Rehabilitation of existing barrage
5.1

NO PROJECT OPTION (WORST CASE SCENARIO OPTION)

Analysis:
Strength and Opportunities
There will be no adverse social impacts as no land will be required from private/illegal
settlers and for immigrating new settlers.
The recurring cost of the Project will be avoided.
The irrigation systems downstream of the canals command area (CCA) of Pakpattan
Canal, Sadiqia Canal and Fordwah Canal shall not be interrupted due to project
activities.
Loss of the agriculture land which may be required for the borrowing area and
contractors facilities (labour camp, batching plants, plant depot etc), will be avoided.
The efforts and investments will be saved and will be allocated to another project in
case this project is not taken up at all.
Weakness and Threats
The no project alternative is undesirable as it would mean continued economic,
social and environmental losses.
There will be loss of property and agricultural land in the event of a flood.
The local population shall be denied employment and training during project
construction phase and later through escalated economic activities.
About 100 to 150 cusecs of water will leak through the gates and less water will be
available for the canals off take from the barrage. This will adversely impact crop
intensity in canal command areas.

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The aging process along with inadequate/deferred maintenance has contributed to a


general deterioration of different components/structures and heavy damages to the
regulating gates and hoisting equipment. Any serious damage to this barrage can
result in colossal losses in the form of total or partial disruption of irrigation supplies,
non/less-production of agricultural crops within the canals command area, loss of
government revenue, rehabilitation cost of emergency repairs, thus adversely
affecting the national economy in additional to human sufferings beside multitude of
social and environmental hazards. The minimum duration require for the construction
of similar barrage will be easily 5 years plus.
Around 13,900 Acres of land, property and infrastructure may be flooded in the event
of high flood such as the one that occurred in 1988.
5.2

OPTION 1: PROVISION OF FUSEPLUG WEIR AND FLOOD BYPASS CHANNEL

The main components in this option include


Strengthening RRE and LRE by raising heights up to 5ft above HFL.
Flood water bypass channel of capacity 100,000 cusecs. The anticipated channel
dimensions are 1100ft bed width and 16ft flow depth with side slope 2H:1V,
Road Bridge over flood bypass channel.
Provision of spillway/fuse plug at RMB.
Level crossing across Pakpattan Canal.
Increase the barrage capacity by developing cunnet within the bela and flush the
bela during high flow.
Gate Repair Work
Improvement in existing Wildlife Public Park
Strength and Opportunities
Strengthening of embankments will minimize uncontrolled breaching, occur in the
event of high flood.
Main town and villages and thousands of agricultural land will be saved from flood
damages at the event of high flood by diverting the flood water with flood bypass
channel.
Employment and training opportunities for the local population which will provide
them life time benefits.
Enhance Bio-diversity with new plantation and re-modeling of the existing Public
Park.
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Gates repair works will rectify leakage losses through the damage gates an d
more water will be available for irrigation purpose in the canals.
Provision of road bridge maintain the link of the barrage with other town through
road network.

Weaknesses and Threats


Adverse environmental impacts on wildlife habitat during construction phase.
11 No. of houses falling within the work area along the embankments need to be
re-located.
309 No. of trees found within the proposed escape channel location will be
uprooted.
Acres of agricultural land will be acquired for escape channel.
Temporary adverse environmental impacts from construction activities of road
bridge and spillway construction i.e. air pollution, dust pollution, noise pollution
etc.
5.3

OPTION 2: REHABILITATION OF EXISTING BARRAGE (Selected Option)

The main components in this option include


Grouting the Cavities and Cracks
Repair the Barrage floor where aggregate has been exposed and floor thickness
reduced
Improvement in existing Public Park.
Repair of Barrage and canal Gates, Installing electric motors for Hoisting System
Installation of Pressure Monitoring Instruments.

Strength and Opportunities


There will be no adverse social impacts of the project.
Minimize the risk of accidental damage or collapse of the structural component of
the barrage and therefore damage to the main town, villages and thousands of
agricultural land from flood damages.
Employment and training opportunities for the local population which will provide
them life time benefits.
Enhance Bio-diversity with new plantation and re-modeling of the existing Public
Park.
Gates repair works will rectify leakage losses through the damage gates and
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more water will be available for irrigation purpose in the canals.


Repair of the road bridge will improve the transportation facilities of the area.

Weaknesses and Threats


Adverse environmental impacts on wildlife habitat during construction phase.
Temporary adverse environmental impacts from construction activities of road
bridge and barrage structure repair i.e. air pollution, dust pollution, noise pollution
etc.
5.4

CONCLUSION

No project option is rejected because the feasibility study conducted in 2005 concludes that
the Sulemanki Barrage is an unsafe structure. The structural failure of the barrage could
cause the colossal losses in the form of human life, wildlife, land, property and irrigation set
up.
Option 1 has been rejected on the basis of higher adverse environmental and social impacts
including inundation of agricultural land and resettlement of the people and business units
(shops) situated at the western end of the barrage. Also the option technically ruled out.
Option 2 considered to be the best option in respect of environmental & social aspects.

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CHAPTER 6:

IEE Report

IMPACT ASSESSMENT, MITIGATION AND


ENHANCEMENT MEASURES

This chapter discusses the potential impacts of barrage rehabilitation works which have
been identified through the use of standard checklists, and expert knowledge and
experience. The impacts identified for the selected option of work scheme were assessed for
their significance keeping in mind their consequences, reversibility, occurrence, duration,
location, timing etc. The evaluation of the environmental & social impacts has been
summarized in Table-6.1.
6.1

POTENTIAL IMPACT SOURCES

Environmental impacts and social impacts attributed to the Project can be broadly classified
into three main groups
Impacts during design phase
Impacts during construction phase
Impacts during operational/post construction phase
Some of the impacts can be anticipated and avoided at design stage with appropriate
adjustment in the Project Design some can be mitigated by good implementation technique
and others by following the operational manual.
6.2

IMPACTS AND MITIGATIION MEASURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE


IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT

The following impacts are anticipated in case of the implementation of the Project
The project will not have any significant adverse impact on the existing residential
area other than as a result of increase in noise and dust levels and movement of the
additional machinery and traffic.
There will be no major loss or damage to livelihood. The temporary employment to
the local communities will be given. This will be a significant positive impact.
There is no historical monument or archeologically sensitive site hence no apparent
impact on such sensitive sites is expected.
There will be no permanent and significant adverse impacts on the aquatic ecology
of the river and wildlife habitat of the area as seasonal flow regime of the river will
remain unchanged. To facilitate the works on the barrage the cofferdams will be

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built. The environmental impact of cofferdams will be localized and short term
(during operation), which can be mitigated with good engineering practice.
Potential adverse environmental impacts of selected work schemes on the physical,
biological and socio-economic environment during design, construction and operational
phases have been identified. Measures to mitigate these impacts and their residual impact
are discussed below.
(i)

Physical Environment
Land Resources
Hydrology and Water Resources
Air Quality
Noise level

(ii)

Biological Environment
Flora
Fauna
Fish
Endangered species

(iii)

Culture and Heritage

(iv)

Socio-economic

The relevant checklist of ADBs Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) is included in


Appendix 6.1. In table 6.1 physical, biological, cultural and social impacts have been
discussed under pre-construction (design phase), construction and operational phase. Each
sub component has been assessed as slight, moderate or significant. The impacts have then
been marked as avoidable, mitigable and irreversible. The components so assessed have
been discussed and explained after the assessment Table 6.1.

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Table 6.1 (Sheet 1 of 3):

Project Evaluation of Environmental Impacts

Impact
Category

Impact Assessment

Slight
*

**

Moderate
***

**

Significant
***

1*

2** 3***

1. Design Phase
1.1

Damage from
Retrogression

1.2

Obstruction to fish
migration in the river

Obstruction to gate
Operations and leakage
from the damaged gates
2. Construction Phase
1.3

Physical
Environment

2.1

Land

2.2

Resources

2.3

Impacts of location of
Labour Camp, Batching
Plant and equipment &
material yard
Impacts of Waste
Disposal site
Impacts of Borrowing Site

Damage to Paths, Access

Roads and Cross Drains


Impacts of Crushed Stone
2.5

Transportation
Impacts of oil, chemical
2.6

Spill or Dumping out near


Building or House
Damage the agricultural
2.7

land or crop destruction


Avoidable through design
Mitigation through contractors obligation or by communities through social
framework agreement (SAF)
Non-reversible, Permanent change (to be adopted)
2.4

*
**
***

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Table 6.1 (Sheet 2 of 3):

Project Evaluation of Environmental Impacts


Impact

Category

Impact Assessment

Slight
1*

Moderate
2**

3***

1*

2**

Significant
3***

1*

2**

3***

2. Construction Phase
Physical
Environme
nt

2.8

Hydrology 2.9
and Water
Resources
2.10
2.11

Air Quality

*
**
***

2.12

Impact of Road Bridge Repair

2.13

Impact
of
Source
Construction Water

2.14

Dust Smoke and other


Pollutants from Plants &
Equipments

2.15

Smoke from Burning of Waste


material or Burning Firewood

2.16

Impact on Air Quality from


Earth Work Activities

2.17

Noise Pollution from


Construction Activities

2.18

Damage to Biological
Resources

2.19

Disturbance to Wildlife

Noise

Biological
Environm
ent

Impacts of using groundwater


as drinking Water &
Wastewater disposal Impacts
Contamination of Surface
water due to construction
dismantling of Cofferdam
Contamination of surface
water due to Electrical
Mechanical Work
Impact of Extended Canal
Closure

of

Avoidable through design


Mitigation through contractors obligation or by communities through social
framework agreement (SAF)
Non-reversible, Permanent change (to be adopted)

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Table 6.1 (Sheet 3 of 3):

Project Evaluation of Environmental Impacts


IMPACT

Category

Impact Assessment

Slight
*

**

Moderate
***

**

Significant
***

1*

2** 3***

2. Construction Phase
Socio
Economic

2.20

Impacts due to Land Acquisition

2.21

HIV/AIDS and other


communicable diseases

2.22

Impacts on Existing Services;


education, health, electricity and
water supply etc.

2.23
2.24

***

Impacts of finding
Archaeological site, Graveyard
etc
Impact on Public Health &
Safety due to Construction
activities

2.25

Impact on Employment

2.26

Tribal Tension and local rivalries


on canal and aquatic life

3. Post Construction
Monitoring
Impacts due to non -application
3.1
and
of the prescribed O&M plan
Evaluation
as
per
Operational
Continuous evaluation of design
Manual
3.2
efficiency
and
Monitoring
Plan
*
**

Avoidable through design


Mitigation through contractors obligation or by communities through social
framework agreement (SAF)
Non-reversible, Permanent change (to be adopted)

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6.3
6.3.1

IEE Report

IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING DESIGN PHASE


Damage from Retrogression

Adverse Environmental Impact


Accompanied by pulsating Hydraulic jump, damage to friction blocks and upstream floor of
the barrage.
Mitigation Measures
Repair and grouting the damaged floor and blocks.

6.3.2

Fish Migration Obstruction

Design Adequacy of the Fish Ladder


Existing fish ladder design is appropriate but obstructions were found in the form of
vegetation. There was also some structural damage to stop smooth movement of fish across
the ladder.
Adverse Environmental Impact
The minimum water discharge required to operate the fish ladder is 500 cusecs, which is not
feasibly available during the low flow season and therefore the fish ladder is out of order for
about 9 to 10 months a year. This triggers the growth of vegetation inside the ladder and
obstructs the water flow through the ladder during the couple of months of high flow.
Mitigation Measures
The structural component of the ladders will be repaired during project implementation.
Inspect the fish ladder on a regular basis to make sure that the ladder is in working condition
over the whole year and operates effectively during high flow.
6.4
6.4.1

IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE


Physical Environment

(a) Land Resources


6.4.1.1 Impacts of Labor Camp, Batching Plant and Material & Equipment Yard
Adverse Environmental Impact:
Because of the availability of the ample PID land near the barrage, this will not cause any
serious problem. PID will arrange the land suggested on figure 1.3 for labour camp and
batching plant.
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Mitigations Measures:
The contractor will, in consultation with residence engineer, resolve the exact location
of all these facilities.
PID will arrange the land for the contractor camp and batching plant as indicated on
Figures 3.1 and 1.3. If the contractor prefers anyother location then the contractor
will be responsible for the additional payment to the land owner(s), responsible for
the developing the social & environmental baseline condition and agreed the new
proposed location with consultants environmentalist and PMO.

6.4.1.2 Impacts of Waste Disposal Site


Adverse Environmental Impacts:
There is sufficient PID land available on site for the Waste Disposal Site and no private land
will be required for this purpose. Inadequate disposal of waste could contaminate the land. If
the waste is not handled properly it could be a nuisance and cause diseases in the local
community. Domestic waste contains a high percentage of readily degradable hydrocarbon
which releases a bad odor when it undergoes decomposition, especially in hot and humid
conditions. Construction waste classified as inert waste which could be a problem to dispose
off.
Mitigation Measures
Domestic waste generated at the labor camp and site offices should be collected and
temporarily stored at the designated bonded area within the camp area before being
disposed off the site by the specialize contractor.
A temporary domestic waste storage area should be prepared, maintained and
visually inspected on a regular basis by the contractor to prevent the land adjacent to
the waste disposal site from contaminating.
The location of construction waste disposal site should be such that no tree cutting,
crop destruction or private land acquisition occurs. The proposed location indicated
in figure 1.3.
Construction waste should not be mixed with domestic waste as the construction
waste could be reused as a fill material or disposed off separately.
The temporary waste storage area for domestic waste site will be rehabilitated at the
completion of the project and photographic record will be kept as an eveidance.
There should be burning pit on site where the combustible waste could be burnt. The
recommended dimensions of the burning pit are 15ft x 12ft x 4ft (length x width x
height).
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Residual Adverse Impact:


The waste storage area will attract animals and spread a foul odor in the surrounding area.
6.4.1.3 Impacts of Borrowing Site
Adverse Environmental Impact:
If the contractor desires to excavate the soil than approval must be obtained from the
Consultants Environmental Specialist and PMO. Quarrying and cutting land is not required
in this project. The excavating activities could have adverse environmental impacts including
soil erosion, drainage problem and impact the health and safety of the workers and local
population.
Mitigation Measures:
If there is lot of transportation involve in using PID land and earth is required to be
lifted from private own land, then the owner(s) of the land will be duly compensated
by the contractor.
The contractor will not leave the borrow pits in an unusable condition such that it
could be filled with rain water and cause the problems for the community e.g.
breeding place for mosquitoes etc.
The contractor will ensure that the selected borrow areas are clearly demarcated,
and indicate the maximum allowable depth of the pit before the soil is excavated.
No soil will be excavated outside the demarcated area. If unexpected soil or strata is
found during excavation at the site then the excavation must be stopped immediately,
and the environmentalist and site manager must be informed as soon as possible.
The edges of the pits should be given flat slopes and area should be leveled as far
as possible when the excavation is complete.
Barren or unfertile land will be preferred for use as a borrowing area than agricultural
land.
If the agricultural land along the embankments needs to be used as a borrowing area
then the following additional measurements will be undertaken by the contractor:
Excavate at least 50m away from the toe of the embankments
Remove 6 inches of the topsoil and store on a separate site for its re-spread back
on the leveled borrow area
Excavate up to maximum of 3 feet
Level slops as far as possible
Place the topsoil back on reasonably leveled area
Residual Adverse Impact:
Uneven topography will be generated due to excavating land.
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6.4.1.4 Damage to Paths, Access Roads and Cross Drains


Adverse Environmental Impact:
Infrastructure (road, drains etc) could be damaged through carelessness of the
drivers/operators of heavy machinery. Such carelessness can cause considerable damage
to paths, road and drains if the drivers/operators are not made aware, trained and bound to
protect the infrastructure.
Mitigation Measures:
An effective signology can reinforce the instructions to the drivers for example
maximum load limit, type of vehicle allowed, speed limit etc.
It is a Contractors contractual obligations to impose strict control over operators and
drivers of all types of vehicles.
Should any damage take place due the site traffic movement, the contractor must be
bound to carry out the repair immediately.
Enforce the maximum speed limit for site traffic to 20 km/hour.
6.4.1.5 Impacts of Oil/Chemical Spill or Dumping out any Building or House near the
Project Area
Inadequate storage and mobilizing of material on site could cause accidental spills or
leakages. Dumping of waste material or spillage at the private land or outside the designated
area will contaminate the land and water resources as the unconfined aquifer consist on
sandy stratum on site.
Mitigation Measures:
It is a Contractors Contractual obligation to design, construct and maintain material
storage areas.
All the material mobilization should be controlled and carried out by the competent
staff.
All loading and unloading of the materials should be carried out with an appropriate
plant

& equipment.

The material storage area should be bounded.


Spill kits, including absorbing pad, sand bags etc, should be available at material
storage

area to handle any accidental spill.

In case of damage to private land, the land owner(s) should be compensated.

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6.4.1.6 Impacts of Crushed Stone and Fine Aggregate Transport


Adverse Environmental Impact:
Stones shall be brought from Sargodha District or Margalla hills, so no quarrying has to be
done locally. But the vehicles carrying the stones shall exert additional traffic load on the
roads leading to the project area. By keeping the road dust free and repaired even the
slightest impact shall stand mitigated.
Mitigation Measures:
It is a Contractors contractual obligation to use the roads and paths carefully and in
case

of any damage, repair the damaged roads and paths immediately.

Undertake regular spraying of water on traffic routes and places prone to cause dust
pollution.
Lorries should cover with the cloth or fine net to minimize the dust pollution and
accidental drop of stones.
6.4.1.7 Impacts of Finding Graveyard and Burials
No graveyard is identified within the direct area of influence of the project activities. However
if unrecorded graveyards and/or burials are found during the courses of construction
activities, the supervising agency will contact and work with local religious authorities within
the immediate project area to allow for possible identification of the remains and where
appropriate, properly undertake relocation and burial.
6.4.1.8 Contamination from Oil & Diesel and Other Spill from Construction Machinery
The dumping site for waste material or empty containers can damage the land with
associated physical, biological and social losses. The impacts can be mitigated through
effective application of the maximum spill regulations, general criteria for oil and breakage at
construction sites, as per standards set forth by Oil Spill Contingency Plan of PKP
Exploration Ltd, Guidelines for Oil Spill Waste Minimization and Management issued by
International Petroleum Industry, Environmental Conservation Association and with
mitigation measures described below.
(i)

Minor Spills

Soil contaminated by minor spills/leakages (defined as leaks from vehicles, machinery,


equipment or storage containers such that the area and depth of soil contaminated is less
than one (1) sq.ft and three (3) inches respectively) is to be scraped and sent to a burn pit
(incinerator).

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(ii)

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Moderate Spills

Moderate spills are defined as spills of volume less than or equal to 200 liters. These are to
be contained and controlled using shovels, sands, absorbing mat and native soil. These
equipments and materials are to be made available at camp sites during the operation (Spill
Kit). The contaminated soil will be excavated and sent to the treatment site such as
bioremediation or solidification/stabilization (S/S). The excavated area will be lined with an
impermeable base before being filled with clean soil.
(iii)

Major Spills

Major spills are defined as spills of volume much greater than 200 liters. This would require
indication of Emergency Response Procedure and Oil Spill Contingency Plan to be prepared
by the Contractor in consultation with the Engineer. These spills are to be handled and
controlled by a specialize contractor to clean the site.
Mitigation Measures:
All the oil based material should be stored in the designated bounded area.
The Spill Kit should be available on site to handle small spills on site.
Good house keeping will minimize accidental spills.
All loading and unloading of material should be supervised and carried out with
appropriate plant.
Empty drums of the fuel should be handled with care as some material may be left
over in the drums or container.
All the liquid material or fuel should be stored well away from any control water body
i.e. river, canal, wetland etc.
(b) Hydrology and Water Resources
6.4.1.9 Water Supply System & Wastewater Treatment Impacts
Adverse Environmental Impact:
Pumping groundwater from the major aquifer for water supply for the labor camp shall
neither cause any significant change in the groundwater reservoir, nor in the river or canals,
which in fact recharge the reservoir. There will be no any residual adverse impact on
groundwater. The impact can be considered as slight and mitigable. The contractor should
tap the underground reservoir and install hand pumps or tube wells with an overhead water
tank to supply drinking water to the labours and workers at appropriate pressure.
Groundwater test results indicate the shallow groundwater quality is not fit for human
consumption because of elevated concentration of E-Coli, as shown in table 4.6.
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It is envisaged that a considerable volume of wastewater will be generated from labour


camp. There are plenty of examples of successful systems of using wastewater for
agriculture. Domestic wastewater is expected to be contaminated with pathogens. Many
factors affect the degree to which the potential risk due to the presence of pathogen in
wastewater can become actual risk of disease transmission and pose a health risk to
consumers and workers (farmers). The following situation can have an adverse impact on
human health:
1. Either an infective dose of an active pathogen reaches the field or pond or the pathogen
multiplies in the field or pond to form an infective dose.
2. The infective dose reaches a human host.
3. The host become an infected
4. The infection causes disease or further transmission.
Mitigation Measures:
It is the responsibility of principal contractor to test and confirm the suitability of the
groundwater before its supply for domestic use.
The depth of the extraction well should be increased until the quality of groundwater
meets the WHO standards or the Filtering Unit can be installed by the contractor to
achieve WHO standards.
Four main measures are recommended to be considered to protect health;
wastewater reuse, wastewater treatment, crop restriction, control of wastewater
application and exposure, and promotion of hygiene of those wastewater treatment.
It is the responsibility of the contractor to set up a suitable and appropriate
wastewater collection and disposal system.
Method and level of treatment of wastewater depends upon the anticipated use of the
effluent. In view of the expected use of treated water for agriculture purposes,
treatment at primary level will be cost effective. It is therefore proposed that waste
stabilization ponds or underground septic tank with bypass arrangement for rainwater
be provided in the labour camp with about three days storage capacity of waste
water.
To keep the cost to a minimum it is recommended to install a partial wastewater
treatment system, using waste stabilization ponds or underground septic tanks, as
well as crop restriction control measure for reuse of wastewater in agriculture. The
stabilization pond should not be deeper than 4m to avoid anaerobic degradation of
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the organic compound of wastewater. Treatment by waste stabilization pond system


or underground septic tank for about 3 to 4 days retention removes most of helminth
eggs sufficiently to protect the health of agriculture workers and consumers.
If the wastewater is discharged into the control water body i.e. river or canal then it is
a contractors contractual obligation to confirm that the effluent meets the NEQS
levels. Provision of underground septic tank is a preliminary treatment and reduces
the total suspended solids (TSS) concentration to the acceptable level however it may
not reduce the BOD level up to the required level. Therefore it is suggested that, if
required, an aeration treatment system should be emplaced to meet the BOD level
before discharge of the effluent into the river. Aeration of wastewater can be achieved
from number of treatment methods including mechanical aeration, providing steps in
the open channel, aerobic stabilizing pond (maximum depth up to 4 feet) etc. The
selection of treatment method depends on the availability of space and initial
concentration of the BOD.
The treated domestic sewage should be tested on regular basis before it is pumped
into the river or used for agricultural purposes.
Residual Adverse Impact:
Bacterial removal with three days retention of wastewater in the stabilization pond will
only be sufficient to reduce but not completely eliminate the risk to consumers of
vegetable crops. Crops restriction will therefore be essential.
Stabilizing pond could cause odor and nuisance problems in the surrounding area.
The pond should therefore be at an appropriate distance from the living area and the
direction of wind flow should be kept in view.

Treatment of wastewater with the

underground septic tank will not cause any odor except during the occasional
cleaning of the chambers.
6.4.1.10 Contamination of Surface Water Due to Construction/Dismantling of
Cofferdam
Adverse Environmental Impact:
During the construction and subsequent removal of coffer dams, the soil material can
contaminate river water and affect aquatic life, particularly downstream fisheries.
Mitigation Measures:
The material used for the construction of cofferdam should not contaminate river
water in terms of suspended solids, pH, oil etc. The contractor will use good
engineering practices to minimize contamination of river water.
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6.4.1.11 Contamination of Surface Water Due to Electrical/Mechanical Works


Adverse Environmental Impacts
As most of the electrical / mechanical work is to be performed at the barrage structure, any
accidental spill of material could be devastating for the river environment. The work may also
involve the building of temporary structures like the cofferdam, scaffolding etc. Failure of the
temporary structure could cause serious injuries to the workers and pollute the river.
Mitigation Measures
All temporary structure should be designed and build by a specialized contractor.
The temporary structure should be approved by a competent person before its use.
Daily Inspection should be carried out at the work area before the start of every
working shift.
Good housekeeping should be maintained to avoid any accidental spill or falling of
objects in to the river.
Oil based material should be kept in bunded bowser or container.
Electrical equipment should be handled with extra care.
Provide proper PPE (personal protected equipment) for all the workers as a
precaution against any mishap, and interlink various parts of the construction
complex.
6.4.1.12 Impacts of Extended Canal Closure
Adverse Environmental Impacts
Gate repair work and the installation of the hoisting system and electric motors will require
the closure of canals. Non availability of the canal water could adversely affect crops and
people living along the canal. The canal water is primarily used for agricultural purposes and
at a few places within the canal command area for domestic use e.g. cloth washing, kitchen
washing and for even cooking purpose especially along the Fordwah Canal.
Mitigation Measures:

All the activities that require canal closure will only be undertaken during the annual
routine closure of the canals.

If the extended canal closure is required then alternate water supply should be
arranged in affected canal command area.

6.4.1.13 Impact on Source of Construction Water


The contractor could use river water as a source of water for sprinkling on kacha (unpaved)
path for dust control and for vehicle washing purposes.
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Groundwater could be used as a source of water supply for the contractors camp and the
batching Plant. The contractor should tap the underground reservoir and install hand pumps
or tubewells with overhead tanks to supply drinking water to the labour camp, and to the
batching plant for concrete preparation. Withdrawing water from the aquifer shall not cause
any significant change in the storage of the aquifer nor the river and canals, which eventually
recharge it. The impact can be considered as slight and mitigable.
Mitigation Measures:
The contractor is obligated under the contract to pay for water obtained from private
sources.
The contractor is obligated under the contract to supply running tap water, flush
latrines and stabilization ponds or underground septic tanks for the disposal of
wastewater through the sewerage system.
All the wastewater generated from vehicle washing and site set ups e.g. batching
plant, plant & equipment yard etc should be tested to meet the NEQS standards for
effluents before being disposed off.
(c) Air Quality
6.4.1.14 Dust, Smoke and other Pollutants from Plant & Equipment
Adverse Environmental Impact:
From previous work experience (rehabilitation of Taunsa Barrage etc) it has been observed
that the emission or dust from the batching plant can be very harmful for the site workers
and the local population. The emission/dust could cause skin and respiratory disease e.g.
skin rashes, lungs problem etc. The possible suitable location has been proposed for the
Batching Plant. Contractor should select the suitable location provided the following control
measures are in place:
Mitigation Measures:
Air quality should be monitored on regular basis near the plant.
The plant should be located at least 500m away from any living area, as one of the
suggested site on Figure 1.3.
The plant should not be operated outside working hours.
Regular spraying of water should be carried out to minimize dust pollution.
All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction activities
will be kept in good working conditions to minimize exhaust emissions.
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Proper PPE should be issued to the site workers and measures should be adopted to
ensure that the workers will wear the PPE properly when working on site.
If contractor select any other site than the site suggested on figure 1.3 than the site
has to be agreed with the consultants environmentalist and PMO. The following
additional control measures may need to be implemented for different location
The plant has to be a Zero Emission Plant. This will include using washed
aggregated and enclosed cylose with automatic injection system of the material in
to the mixing chamber. Recently a zero emission plant has been established and
is working successfully at Jinnah Barrage, and could be visited for getting details
before installation.
The plant area should be constructed and maintained on an impermeable layer to
prevent contamination of river water from surface run off.
The access roads for the delivery Lorries pass through the living area. These
roads/paths should be sprayed with water on regular basis to minimize dust
pollution.
Residual Impacts:
Deterioration of air quality.
Although the recommended plant consists of an enclosed cylose, the plant activities
will generate some dust especially in consistently dry weather.
6.4.1.15 Smoke from Burning of Waste Material or Burning Firewood
Adverse Environmental Impacts
A large number of big and small fires in the labor camp can produce smoke and smog which
can cut off visibility, reduce traffic ability and cause suffocation along with causing diseases
of the respiratory tract.
Mitigation Measures:
It is the contractors contractual obligation to use and provide clean and smoke free
fuel in the labor camp.
Cutting and burning trees or shrubs for fuel shall be prohibited.
Gas Cylinders should be used in the labor camp for cooking purposes.
6.4.1.16 Impact on Air Quality of Earth Work Activities
Adverse Environmental Impacts
Excavating activities will generate dust and pollute the surrounding area. Emissions from the
plants used in earth work activities will also degrade the air quality of the site.

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Mitigation Measures
Regular spraying of water should be undertaken to minimize the dust pollution.
All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction activities
will be kept in good working condition to minimize the exhaust emissions.
(d) Noise
6.4.1.17 Noise Pollution from Construction Activities
Adverse Environmental Impact:
Construction activities could generate noise and air pollution and disturb the natural habitat.
Mitigation Measures:
Suitable equipment and plant should be used in execution of the work to minimize
noise pollution.
The noise level should be monitored on a regular basis and levels should be
maintained within the NEQS level. At the start of the work activities noise levels
should be monitored on hourly basis for at-least the first 2 days of work, after which
the monitoring interval could increase to daily basis.
If required, the work area should be cordoned off with noise absorbing panels to
segregate the work area from the barrage pond area.
The contractor will regularly spray water on the site traffic routes to minimize the dust
pollution.
All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction activities
will be kept in good working conditions and will be properly tuned and maintained in
order to minimize noise pollution, exhaust emission and minimum land disturbance.
It is the contractors obligation to stop unnecessary traffic and workers from entering
into the barrage pond area.
All working activities should be restricted within the allowed working hours.
The maximum speed limit of 20km/h should be enforced for vehicles using the
embankments and access road.
The Traffic Management Plan shall be prepared and get approved from the
authorities and implemented during construction phase by the contractor.
6.4.2
Biological Environment
The anticipated biological impacts can be on the following:
Damage to Flora
Damage to Fauna
Damage to Endangered Species
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Damage to Fish
6.4.2.1 Damage to Biological Resources and Disturbance of Wildlife
Adverse Environmental Impacts
Barrage pond raea provides habitat of waterfowl and hundreds of birds visited the area
during winter. WWF survey conducted in 2007 revealed that the habitat of sensitive wetland
related species including hog deer and ottar are found in the area. However the presences
of these species are not confirmed in the survey and stakeholder consultation conducted by
the environment team of this project.
Due to the excedding demand of Freashwater turtles in South East Asia the illegal pourching
and trade of softshell turtles are triggered in Pakistan. Wildlife Department has been noticed
this issue and putting their all efforts to stop this.
About 10 acres of land may require for Labor Camp & Batching Plant. The labor camp and
batching plant location should be carefully selected to avoid disturbance of wetland and
minimize tree cutting. There is a risk of the disturbance of wildlife due to the noise and dust
generated from the movement of site traffic and work activities.
Mitigation Measures
Project activities restricted to the barrage only and well away from the
environmentally sensitive area identified along the LMB and Pak-India boundary line.
The suggested sites for Contractor facilities (indicated on fig. 1.2 & 1.3) are well away
from the environmentally sensitive area and barrage pond area.
Carefully select area for labor camp and batching plant so that minimum or no tree
cutting is required for these activities. The proposed sites for labour camp and
batching plant will not require any tree cutting.
The outside boundary of the camp should be fenced or walled to keep camp activities
inside the camp area only.
It is the contractors obligation to ensure that unnecessary and out of bound
activities/movements are not done outside the area allotted to him for setting-up the
labor camp, material depots and machinery yard.
No fire arms should be carried by any of the site workers to stop illegal hunting.
All the project parties should ensure the implantation of EMP to stop illegal hunting
and pouching of wildlife particularly softshell turtles and water fowl.
All forest, wildlife and fisheries laws should be fully respected and abided by the
contractor and his work force.
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Limits and norms of wildlife, forestry and fishery should be fully respected and
implemented.
Necessary sign boards should be displayed to remind the obligation of labour,
visitors and members of public towards Biota.
Inspections by wildlife, forest and fisheries officers are facilitated in camps to facilitate
the proper implementation of relevant laws.
24 hours security should be provided by the contractor at the Labor Camp and
Batching Plant.
Every tree cut on site for the execution of work should be replaced with the plantation
of minimum of 5 new trees.
All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction activities
will be kept in good working condition and be properly tuned to minimize the noise
pollution and adversely impacting the habitat of waterfowl.
Communities are given awareness and are involved in the proper protection of the
Biota inside and around the project area.
No unauthorized tree or bush cutting will be allowed. Should it be necessary, it must
not be done without the permission of the The Engineer and must follow the change
management process.
If possible, the nests of birds on trees that need to be uprooted should be shifted to
other nearby trees.
Minimize the reptiles or small animals killing due to project traffic movements If
necessary provide barricading fence to stop animal crossing of the diverted or access
roads.
If borrow material require then it shall not be generated from the wetland. The borrow
area shall be identified and agreed with the environmentalist of supervision
consultant and PMO.
If the turtles or other small animals trapped in the cofferdam then all the trapped
animals shall be safely collected and moved outside the cofferdam.
Residual Impacts
Nests of some of the birds shall be destroyed if the trees and bushes are cleared.

6.4.3
Socio-Economic Impacts
The overall impacts of the Project on the social and economic activities in the project area
will be positive. The adverse environmental impacts and their mitigation measures are
discussed as follow:
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6.4.3.1 Impacts of Land Acquisition


Adverse Environmental Impacts
Generally land acquisition may be required for work activities such access road, Labor
Camp, Batching Plant, work base area, structural waste disposal site and Contractors Camp.
To facilitate these activities PID is already in possession of enough land where these works
can be executed. Proposed locations for labor camp and batching plant site would also be
accommodated in the Irrigation Department land.
Mitigation Measures
All the activities requiring land acquisition are to be planned by PID. Private land is to
be acquired under the 1894 Land Acquisition Act and the cost of the land is to be
paid to the owners. An appropriate framework agreement should be completed and
signed by all the concerned parties.
6.4.3.2 Social Impacts on Local Population due to Migrating Labor from other Parts
of the Country
Adverse Environmental Impacts
There is a risk of adversely affecting the social life of the local population due to the arrival of
a large number of laborers from outside the area. Extra burden on the local infrastructure
and services e.g. medical facility, shops, restaurants, mosque, public transport etc. is also
anticipated.
Mitigation Measure
The outside boundary of the camp should be fenced or walled for security reasons.
Locating a labour camp at least 500m or ideally 1km away from the villages (local
settlement).
Leisure facilities including play grounds, restaurant etc should be provided inside the
labour camp.
All the unskilled labour and where possible skilled labour should be arranged locally.
Pick and drop facilities should be arranged.
6.4.3.3 HIV/AIDS and other Communicable Diseases
The Labor Camp, their interaction with truck drivers and like personnel are potential places
for the spread of HIV/AIDS if the incidence exists. Majority of the people living in the
surrounding of the Project, and potential Labor are not aware of the source, mode of
communication or consequences of HIV/AIDS. Although their religious and cultural value
system, to a large extent excludes the outbreak or rapid communication of HIV/AIDS, yet its
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occurrence in such a situation cannot be precluded. It is necessary that along with other
communicable diseases like Cholera, Typhoid and Tuberculosis, awareness and preventive
campaigns are run from time to time in the Labor campus and the field offices of the Project
on Communicable diseases.
Mitigating Measures:
The Contractor shall:
Arrange to run a proper campaign, in the labour camp, to make people aware of the
cause, mode of transmission and consequences of HIV/AIDS.
Strengthen the existing local health & medical services for the benefit of the
labourers as well as the surrounding villages.
Ensure proper cleanliness and hygienic conditions at labour camp by ensuring a
clean mess, proper drainage and suitable disposal of solid waste. Inoculation against
Cholera will be arranged at intervals recommended by Health Department.
Keep all the camps, offices, material depots, machinery yards and work site open for
the inspection of health and safety measures, and related documents.
6.4.3.4 Existing Services & Employment (Positive Social Impacts)
The economic analysis shows high economic benefits compared to costs. Salient economic
benefits of the project are:
Improvement of available services in the area and opportunities for employment,
transportation.
Easy marketing of agricultural products.
Availability of jobs during construction phase shall employ and train a large number
of unemployed youth. They will receive a life time of benefits through skill training,
capacity building and poverty alleviation. A large number of semi-skilled and unskilled
workers in the project area will be hired.
Greater awareness about Healthcare including HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis amongst the
labourers and the local community shall be created.
At micro level, economic activities may bring the cost of living down by making
essential commodities available in greater bulk and at cheaper rates. This combined
with better employment opportunities will bring poverty line rate lower.
Improvement in public parks will raise the aesthetic value of the area and will attract
tourism. Rehabilitation of the barrage structure will also have a positive impact on the
local tourism industry.
Boost to agriculture through ensured and enhanced irrigation water.
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6.5

IEE Report

OPERATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT (O&M) PHASE

Rehabilitation & Up-gradation of Suleimanki Barrage will not make any alteration in the
Barrage operation process and therefore no adverse impact is anticipated to induce due to
the implementation of the project.
At operational phase of the proposed Project a comprehensive Operation and Management
Manual (O&M) shall be prepared by the Project Manager at the completion of the work as
per ISO Standards. An effective monitoring and evaluation has to be done as per O&M and
monitoring plan. Mistakes at operational level or handling the operations by untrained staff
can prove very risky and costly. Important points to be attended at the operational stage are
as follows:
(i)

Develop comprehensive O&M Rules

(ii)

Strict implementation of prescribed Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

(iii)

Continuous evaluation of design efficiencies

(iv)

Understanding and training of staff on Operation and Maintenance Manual

(v)

Annual Environmental Audit

(vi)

Regular maintenance of engineering works

(vii) Continued public consultation and feed back on it


(viii) Continued attention towards gender issues and women consultation
(ix)

Irrigation system to run up to its design capacity and not beyond

(x)

Refresher Training Courses for operational staff.

On the basis of the impact assessment, the project will improve environmental and social
condition of the area. No permanent adverse environmental impacts have been identified
due to the project implementation. All the adverse impacts resulting from the construction
activities are mitigable.

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CHAPTER 7:

IEE Report

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

This chapter comprises a detailed Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the project.
The EMP proposes an effective plan of action that will indicate responsibilities and required
measures to minimize the negative environmental & social impacts at various stages of the
project.
The Environmental Management Plan for the Project has been discussed under three main
components:
Mitigation Plan
Monitoring Programme
Institutional Arrangements
Most of the mitigation activities planed in the EMP will be executed & cover under provisions
in the construction contract and with necessary agreement with the communities.
7.1

MITIGATION PLAN

The mitigation plan is a key component of EMP. The mitigation plan includes measures to
mitigate potential negative impacts and enhance its positive impacts during initial physical
works and normal operation of Irrigation System. This section outlines the potential impact of
rehabilitation works on the physical, biological and socioeconomic environment and their
associated mitigation measures as already identified in IEE report of the Suleimanki Barrage
Project. It also assigns the responsibilities for implementing these measures.
Lists of mitigation measures which will be directly covered by the environmentalist
and contractors and not those mitigation measures which are covered under civil or
mechanical work.
The person(s) responsible for ensuring the implementation of the measures.
The person(s) responsible for the monitoring.
Parameters to be monitored for the effective implementation of measures.
A time scale for the implementation of measures to ensure that the objectives of
mitigation plan are fully met.
The Mitigation and Monitoring Plan for the activities likely to have a direct impact on the
environment is presented in EMP table.

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7.2

IEE Report

MITIGATION OF ADVERSE IMPACTS AT DESIGN PHASE

Majority of negative impacts can be avoided (eliminated) through the use of adequate and
environmentally sound technical design. The Project has however been designed on the
basis of the lessons learnt from similar projects and major design initiatives undertaken to
avoid any major negative impacts are as follows:
1.

Necessary measures should be taken to exclude any big deposits of soil or debris
anywhere.

2.

To ensure the availability of water at the tail ends of canals off take from Sulemanki
Barrage.

3.

As far as possible appropriate indigenous technology and knowledge should be


utilized while planning and designing the project.

7.3

MITIGATION ADVERSE IMPACT AT CONSTRUCTION PHASE

To reduce the potential impacts of the construction activities there will be a monitoring
programme to assess contractors compliance/performance with the project EMP during
construction phase.
The contract document will contain requirements for:
(i)

Proper management of construction waste.

(ii) Control measures for waste fuel disposal.


(iii) Reduction of oil/lubricants, spill or leakage, noise and dust level.
(iv) Rehabilitation of areas used for construction detours and sites used for temporarily
storage of construction materials.
(v) Proper use and maintenance of equipment with appropriate noise and smoke
abatement.
(vi) Restoration of borrow areas (whether on state land or private land).
(vii) Other requirements as obligation of the contractor emanating from the EMP.
(vii) Specific provisions will also be included to make it mandatory to use formal health
and safety measures including protection against Communicable diseases and
Hepatitis. Group insurance measures to minimize accidents and avoiding fatalities
during the construction process.
(viii) Advisory element to address a number of other issues will also be included in the
contract. These will include:
Road Closure

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For transporting construction material or conveying heavy machinery to the site, the rural
roads passing near or through village(s) may have to be closed temporarily and access of
public for certain period may have to be blocked. The dates, timings and duration of such
period will need to be agreed with authorities and communities.
Cultural and Historical Resources
Communities shall be requested to identify in the field, all known sites of cultural and
historical value that may be affected by the Project, for protective actions by the contractor.
Archaeological Field Support
The Government of the Punjab will make available (on demand) a qualified archaeologist to
conduct field investigations when important search work and new material sites area
opened. No such site is yet in view but just in case it does, the services of archaeologist will
be obtained.
Graveyard and Burials
If unrecorded graveyards and/or burials are found during the courses of construction
activities, the supervising agency will contact and work with local religious authorities within
the immediate Project area to allow for possible identification of the remains and where
appropriate, properly undertake relocation and burial.
Local Employment
The contractor will be advised to arrange locals as unskilled labour and skilled workers are
easily available from local communities as and when required. It is desirable that maximum
employment benefits are made available to local communities.
Land Acquisition and other Compensations
During the community consultation, in the Project area, it was made clear by the
communities that they would expect due compensation, if their buildings, trees or land were
affected or destroyed during construction activities or any of its allied structures. Social
Action Plan has been prepared to address the social impacts of the Project.
Resource use Agreement Construction Materials
Earth is commonly available in abundance around the Barrage area. Stones are available
from District Sargodha and Margalla hills. Yet there may be a need for additional agreement
with public to obtain certain materials. In that case the farmland should be given the last
priority in procuring the fill material when inevitable, however, due compensation should be
paid. Whenever the borrow pits are dug, considerable care should be taken in their location.
The site may invariably be rehabilitated after use. Ideal situation would be that the site is
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made good to a condition similar to that prior to the project. It will be helpful if Plategraphs of
pre-project condition are used for the purpose of comparison.
Resource Use Agreements Water
Although ample quantity of groundwater is available in the Project area, yet the contractor
will be required to confirm the quality and demand detail and indicate source of water prior to
the start of construction. Disposal plan for wastewater without polluting the fertile soil, river
water or ambient air, shall be produced by the contractor for approval of The
Engineer/Project Director.
7.4

MONITORING PLAN

Monitoring Plan is an essential component of the Environment Management Plan (EMP).


Implementation of the EMP shall be the contractual obligation of the Contractor. For that the
Contractor shall engage full time technical staff capable of carrying out the suggested
measures in the EMP as contractual obligations under the contract agreement. The
construction supervision consultant shall also have a full time Environmental specialist to
provide an overall professional cover to the environmental monitoring process and the
procedures and initiate required reports and point out any gaps in the implementation of the
mitigation measures or enforcement of the measures of the EMP. Environmental unit (EU)
under PMO will be responsible of the overall implementation of EMP and provide technical
guidance to the construction supervision consultants and contractors.
The Parameters, frequency, responsibility and mitigation measures for monitoring have been
described in comprehensive Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan (EMMP).

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Environmental Mitigation & Monitoring Paln


Sr.

Project

No.

component

Description

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

A-

Parameters for Frequency

Monitor

LAND
RESOURCES

Borrow

Barrow Material:

materials from

Soil

earth borrowing

the designated area of are clearly demarcated

site.

the site may require for with barricading fenced


the

excavation

construction

coffer

dams

contractors

1.1

Ensure

that CEnv

from selected borrow areas

CSCEnv

Records of clear BC

PMO-

boundary marker Once before start of

EU

demarked

BOQ

in excavation

place

of before starting any soil


and removing and no soil

facilities. removal is undertaken

Contractor has to get outside the demarcated


approval

of

the area.

borrowing area from the 1.2

Ensure

that CEnv

CSCEnv

Plategraphs
records

Supervision

Photographs are taken

PMO-

Consultants

of the area before and

EU

Environmental

after the restoration of

BC, DC, AC

BOQ

SFA

Specialist and EU of the borrowing site


PMO before commence 1.3 Ensure that the
excavation on site

CSCEnv

Compliances

DC

excavation for fill

PMO-

with

Check once a week

material is restricted to

EU

Specification

on typical working

Excavation and earth specified depth.

CEnv

day

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Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

Control in place. BC, DC

may generate dust and surface drainage is

PMO-

Their

affect the air quality of provided to control the

EU

effectiveness

movement

activities 1.5 Ensure that the

the surrounding area.

surface run off

Once

BOQ
before

in construction

case of rain

Once a week on a
typical working day

Material to be used for 1.6 Ensure that the

CEnv

CSCEnv

the construction of the movement of earth


coffer dams will include moving machinery is

PMO-

silt for core filling, soil limited to the work

EU

material
filling.

for

Compliance

DC:

BOQ

Site inspections

Daily
Once a month

random area.
1.7 Ensure that Erosion

CEnv

CSCEnv

Visible signs of DC

protection measures

PMO-

any soil erosion

are taken, such as

EU

BOQ

Monthly basis
Once after rain

retaining wall (if


require), avoidance of
steep cut
1.8 If agricultural land

CEnv

CSCEnv

is used as borrowing
area then the land will

PMO-

be restored by the

EU

contractor and follow

detailed DC, AC

protocol

in Daily

checklist

At

completion

BOQ
of

excavation
When required

the following steps


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Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

Plategraphs

DC, AC

borrow area to be

PMO-

record

When required

levelled as far as

EU

Records

BC, DC

Remove first 15cm


top soil and keep it
on site to re-spread
after completion of
the excavation.
Excavation of the
earth fill be limited
to an approximate
depth of 90cm.
Stabilized the slope
during the
excavation.
1.9 Ensure that the

BOQ

possible and top soil


restored.
1.10 Ensure that

CEnv

CSCEnv

complete

PMO-

At the start of the

documentation for the

EU

excavation.

BOQ

borrow areas is
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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

maintained i.e. volume


excavated, date,
levelling date after
completion of
excavation
1.11 Ensure that

Compliance

DC

regular water sprinkling

PMO-

Daily

carry out during

EU

When required

BOQ

executing of excavation
to mitigate the dust
pollution.
2

Construction of

New roads will not

2.1 Contractor will

new Access

require providing the

Road and

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance with BC, DC

furnish the traffic

PMO-

specification

When required

access to the

management plan,

EU

Repairing of

contractors facilities i.e.

according to the

Existing Roads

batching plant, material

recommendations

yard, labour camp etc.

made in EIA and must

Access road for the

be implemented in

approach to the boat

order to control the

bridge may require.

traffic.

However there is ample

2.2 Ensure that the

Compliance

BC, DC

IPD land available on

temporary rout(s) are

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMO-

Direct Cost

BOQ

Daily
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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

site and the suggested

adequate for the

EU

layout of the access

existing traffic plus the

roads does not require

site traffic.

private land acquisition.

2.3 Ensure that regular

General mobility of

water sprinkling is

PMO-

local community their

carried out to mitigate

EU

livestock as well as

the dust pollution.

their business activities

2.4 Ensure that the

and clientele in and

CEnv

CEnv

CSCEnv

When required

System in place

DC
When required

CSCEnv

Compliance

DC

traffic sign board

PMO-

Plategraphs

Daily

around the construction

regarding revised road

EU

area may be hindered.

layout and change in

Unchecked speeding

speed limit or new

may cause human and

speed breakers are

livestock injuries and

placed at least one Km

fatalities as a result of

from the alteration.

road accidents.

2.5 Ensure that the

CEnv

CSCEnv

BOQ

Direct Cost

When required

Compliance

BC

alternative route is

PMO-

Once at start of the

designed on the basis

EU

allied work

Direct Cost

of the traffic survey


conducted by the
contractor (if require).
2.6 Ensure that mobility

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

DC

BOQ
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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

of the men and animal

PMO-

is not hindered due to

EU

Social Survey

Daily
When required

the construction
activity.
2.7 Any damage to the

CEnv

CSCEnv

Record

DC

land, property or

PMO-

Plategraphs

Once at the start of

existing roads from the

EU

SFA

the work

contractors activities

When required

will be remediated by
the contractor at the
earliest possibility.
3

Site for

It has generally been

3.1 Ensure that the

Disposal of

observed that at

selected disposal site is

PMO-

Construction

completion of

marked and fenced

EU

Waste Material

construction the waste

before starting the work

material is dumped at

3.2 Ensure that

the site without proper

Photographs are taken

planning. The material

of the area before and

PMO-

from the coffer dams

after dumping the

EU

will be in significant

waste

quantity and will require

3.3 Ensure that all

proper disposal site.

trucks used for the

CEnv

CEnv

CEnv

CSCEnv

CSCEnv

CSCEnv

Record

BC

BOQ

Plategraphs

BC, DC

BOQ

record

Once before start


When required

System in Place

BC, DC

BOQ

Once at the start of


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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

transportation of waste

work

construction material

PMO-

are covers and

EU

When required

watertight
3.4 Ensure contractors

CEnv

CSCEnv

obligations define in

PMO-

contract document are

EU

Compliance

DC

BOQ

Daily

followed.
3.5 Ensure that the

CEnv

CSCEnv

System in Place

movement of lifting

DC

BOQ

Daily

machinery and vehicles

PMO-

is limited to the

EU

When required

disposal site.
3.6 Ensure that waste

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

DC

properly disposed off,

Daily

compacted and cover

After every rain fall

in a manner that does

PMO-

not affect the natural

EU

BOQ

When required

drainage.
3.7 Ensure dumping

CEnv

CSCEnv

and levelling on site


only as agreed per

Follow Contract DC

BOQ

Documents and Daily


PMO-

complete SFA

When required
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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor
contract agreement

Monitor
EU

and SFA (in case


private land used)
4

Installation

of Land Requirement:

Batching Plant

4.1 Ensure that no

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

BC

Waste land is available

private land is used to

PMO-

Once at the time of

near barrage to

establish the Batching

EU

installation of

establish batching

plant. Contractor needs

plant.

to get approval from

SFA

Batching Plant

CSCEnv and PMO-EU


if he/she uses any
private land for this
Land Contamination

purpose. Contractor will

Dumping of waste fresh

pay for the private land.

concrete may

4.2 Ensure that the

contaminate the land

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance with BC

location of the batching

PMO-

specification

Raw material:

plant is at least 500 m

EU

Raw material for the

from the villages (main

construction work

settlement) and out of

mainly include cement,

the prevailing wind. If

sand, aggregate, steel,

the selected location is

water lubricants, fuel

less than 500m from

and additives. The

the living area than it

SFA

Once before
installation of
Batching Plant

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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

material will be stock

has to be zero

pilled at the area

emission plant.

provided by IPD near

4.3 Ensure that land

the batching plant.

contamination from the

PMO-

Daily

Wind direction

batching plant, during

EU

When required

While installing the

transportation and

batching plant the

dumping of the wasted

direction of the wind

fresh concrete is

should be consider.

controlled through

System in place

DC

SFA

careful working of the


Contractors crews to
avoid spillage of
concrete and dumping
of waste concrete on
private land. Carry
fresh concrete in
mobile concrete drums
4.4 If the selected

CEnv

CSCEnv

Design and

BC

location is next to the

prepare the

At the stage of

control water body i.e.

Batching Plant

establishing

Sutlej River or active

area by a

batching plant

canal then the area for

competent

DC

BOQ

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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

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batching plant should

person.

Weekly inspection
When required

be bunded with an

PMO-

Plategraphs

impermeable layer to

EU

record

CSCEnv

Compliance

stop contaminating the


river or canal water
from the surface run off
in case of rain or
otherwise. The area
should be maintained
on regular basis.
4.5 Ensure that leak /

CEnv

DC

spill record is

PMO-

Daily

maintained for each

EU

When requiredd

BOQ

incident of spill or
damaged vehicles.
Damaged/defected
vehicles will not be
operated unless
repaired.
4.6 Ensure that the

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance with BC/DC

material is stocked

PMO-

specification

pilled at the designated

EU

BOQ

At the time of
establishment of
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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

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area provided by IPD

Batching Plant

near the construction


site.
4.7 Ensure that surface

CEnv

CSCEnv

System in place

DC

drainage is not blocked

PMO-

Daily

due to the pilling of the

EU

Once a month after

raw material.
4.8 Ensure that the

BOQ

each rain.
CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

BC

location of the batching

PMO-

Once at the time of

plant is such that the

EU

installation of

wind direction may be

BOQ

Batching Plant.

away from the


settlement
5

Contractors

Land Requirement:

5.1 Ensure that no

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

BC

Camp Location There is ample IPD

private land is used to

PMO-

Once at the Time

and Workshop.

land available around

construct the contractor

EU

of camp

the project area for the

camp and workshop.

contractors camp,

5.2 Ensure that the

officer hostel, work

BOQ

establishment
CEnv

CSCEnv

Measured

BC

location of the labour

PMO-

distance

Once before the

shop etc. So no private

camp will be at a

EU

land will be acquired for

distance of 500m from

the construction of

the major local

BOQ

establishment of the
camp.

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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

these facilities. IPD will

settlement.

arrange land for the

5.3 IPD will provide

labour camp

space near the barrage

PMO-

Once before the

construction and

to establish contractors

EU

establishment of the

batching plant.

camp and workshop.

Disposal of Waste

5.4 Ensure that

water. The unmanaged

Compliance

BC

BOQ

camp
CEnv

CSCEnv

Plategraph

BC:

Photographs of

PMO-

records

Once before

disposal of wastewater,

adjacent area of camp

EU

generated from labour

site and other features

camp & vehicle

are taken prior to any

washing area, will

activity which will be

contaminate land. The

used as a reference

contractor can use the

when restoring of site

existing disposal

5.5 Ensure that room

system (for offices and

CEnv

construction activity

CSCEnv

Compliance per BC:

size is as per standard

PMO-

specification

official residence) after

specification.

EU

making necessary

5.6 Ensue that

renovation / expansion

domestic washing

of the system. However

areas are demarcated

PMO-

the existing disposal

and water from

EU

system can not cope

washing areas and

with the wastewater

kitchen is released in

CEnv

CSCEnv

BOQ

BOQ

During camp design


phase

System
places

in DC

BOQ

Daily
When required

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Cost

Monitoring
generated from labour

sumps

camp.

5.7 Ensure septic tank

Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

of appropriate design

System
places

in BC, DC
Once before start of

Utilities: Contractor will

are used for sewage

share with IPD for the

treatment and outlets

PMO-

facilities of water

released into sumps,

EU

supply, telephone lines

further treatment

and electricity on

system or used for

payment basis.

agriculture.

Disposal of solid

5.8 Ensure that

waste. Unmanaged

latrines, septic tanks,

PMO-

During design

disposal of waste will

and sumps are built at

EU

phase of camp set

contaminate land.

a safe distance from

up and waste

Existing disposal

water hole (tube wells

treatment system

arrangement can be

or hand pump), stream,

used after making

or dry streambed and

necessary renovation /

the bottom of the sump

expansion of the

is above the ground

system by the

water level.

contractor.

5.9 Ensure that Sumps


are:
In absorbent

BOQ

work

CEnv

CEnv

CSCEnv

When required

Compliance

BC

CSCEnv

Compliance per BC

PMO-

specification

EU

BOQ

BOQ

Once at the Time


of camp
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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

soil

establishment

Down slope
and away from
the camp
Downstream
from the camp
water source
and above the
high watermark
of any nearby
water body (if
any)
5.10. Ensure that

CEnv

CSCEnv

System in place

BC

effective drainage

PMO-

Once at the start of

system is in place at

EU

work

BOQ

site
5.11 Ensure that

CEnv

CSCEnv

System analysis

DC

existing wastewater

PMO-

On-going

Monthly basis

disposal system is not

EU

consultation with

overstressed, if used.
5.13. Contractor make
assessment and carry

BOQ

local authorities
CEnv

CSCEnv
PMO-

System in place

DC

Direct Cost

When requiredd
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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor
out renovation /

Monitor
EU

expansion works of
existing facilities in
consultation with IPD.
IPD to assist the
contractor in this regard
5.14 Ensure the

CEnv

CSCEnv

Implementation

application of Solid

of

Waste Management

Disposal Plan

Plan, as described in

BC, DC

BOQ

Waste Once before


establishing
Contractors Camp

IEE:
- Material suitable for

CSCEnv

recycling, collect

Daily during
Construction Phase

separately in three
bin system and sold
- Combustible waste
burnt at burn pit

When required
PMOEU

only
- Non- combustible,
non recyclable
garbage sent to the
designated landfill
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Executor

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site in an area.
- Medical waste

Direct Cost

transported to any
hospital incineration
plant
- Solid residue from the
septic tank will be
transported to
municipal sewage
facilities at the
nearest place
- Contaminated soil
sent to burn pit or
landfill.
6

Relocation of

Land Requirement:

6.1 If happened

Camps, Material

The recommended

Storage area,

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance with BC

contractor obligations

PMO-

SFA

When requiredd

locations for Batching

defined as per Contract

EU

Batching Plant

Plant, Labour Camp

documents and SFA

and Special

site and contractors

agreement

Approaches

camp are approachable

6.2 If the contractor

Compliance

BC

Routes and

through provincial

selects different

PMO-

At the set up of the

Roads.

roads. Therefore no

location for the

EU

Batching Plant,

CEnv

CSCEnv

SFA

BOQ

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Executor
private land will require

Batching Plant, labour

for access roads.

camp etc from the

Monitor
Labour Camp etc

recommended
locations than the
contractor will develop
base line data for the
new location on his
own cost, resources
and get approval from
the CSCEnv and PMO.
7

Access Tracks

Damage paths roads

7.1 No specific action is CEnv

and linear fixtures

required except that the

crossed/damaged by

contractor has to

PMO-

moving machinery

remain vigilant that the

EU

moving to and from

moving machinery

the construction site:

should remain within

Heavy traffic may

the boundaryof

damage the existing

allocated area

roads or private

7.2 After completion of

property. Contractor will

construction work all

PMO-

carry out necessary

the damaged roads will

EU

repair work.

be restored by the

CEnv

CSCEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance with

DC

map

Daily

Site inspections

Once a month

Compliance

AC

BOQ

When requiredd

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Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

is dumped only on

PMO-

civil drawing

Once at the start of

locations allowed by

EU

Site Inspections

work

contractor, as it is
involved in contractors
obligations.
7.3 Ensure that gravel

to DC

the Consultants and

BOQ

On monthly basis

dumping of gravel does


not result in blocking of
traffic, damaging
vegetation or causae
any drainage problem.
7.4 Ensure that

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

DC

BOQ

construction corridors

PMO-

Daily

along the access road

EU

Monthly basis

are marked
7.5 Ensure that the

CEnv

CSCEnv

Control in place

DC

BOQ

access roads do not

PMO-

Once at the start of

block the natural

EU

work

drainage and culverts


7.6 Ensure that surface
run-off controls are

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMO-

Control in place

DC
Once

BOQ
after

every
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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor
installed and

Monitor
EU

rain storm

maintained so as to
minimize soil erosion
and ponding of area
with rain water
7.7 Ensure adherence

CEnv

CSCEnv

to the speed limit of 40

PMO-

km/hr at the access

EU

Compliance

DC

BOQ

When requiredd

roads
7.8 Ensure that

CEnv

CSCEnv

System in Place

DC

BOQ

construction corridor is

PMO-

Daily

monitored and repairs

EU

When requiredd

are undertaken at
regular basis
7.9 Ensure that

CEnv

CSCEnv

vegetation clearing will

Compliance with DC
EIA/EMMP

be minimized and no

PMO-

tree will uprooted

EU

When

BOQ
requiredd

Once a month

without prior
permission of
consultant.
7.10 Ensure that the

CEnv

CSCEnv

Site Inspections

DC

BOQ
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Executor

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disposal of cleared

PMO-

Implementation

vegetation is not in a

EU

of

manner that may affect

Daily

Waste Once a month

Disposal Plan

the blockage of natural


drainage
8

Waste Disposal This component

8.1 Ensure that the

Management

describes the waste

selected construction

PMO-

disposal plan that will

waste disposal site is

EU

be employed during the

demarked before

construction and

starting the work

restoration period. The

8.2 Ensure that

main types of waste to

Photographs of the

be disposed of will be:

area of the nominated

Fuel, oils, and

waste disposal site are

PMO-

When

construction waste;

collected to restore the

EU

Once a month

Sewage; Campsite

site at the completion

waste; Medical waste;

of the construction

Demolition waste; and

phase

Packing waste, Excess

8.3 Ensure that all the

construction material.

waste generated from

PMO-

As

different locations must

EU

required

CEnv

CEnv

CSCEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

BC/DC

BOQ

When required

Plategraphs

BC/DC

BOQ

record

Once at the start of


work

CEnv

CSCEnv

System in Place

required

DC

BOQ
and

When Direct Cost

be disposed off
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CEnv

CSCEnv

according to the Waste


Disposal Plan.
8.4 Ensure that all
trucks used for the

PMO-

transportation of waste

EU

System in Place

DC

BOQ

When required

construction material
must be covered and
watertight
8.5 It is a contractors

CEnv

CSCEnv

contractual obligation
to complete and follow

PMO-

the SFA if any private

EU

SFA

DC

Environmental

Once a week When

Audit

required

Compliance

DC

SFA

land damage due to


disposal of waste
generated from the
construction activities
8.6 Ensure that the

CEnv

CSCEnv

movement of lifting

PMO-

Daily

machinery and vehicles

EU

When required

BOQ

is limited to the work


area.
8.7 Ensure that soils

CEnv

CSCEnv

Site Inspections

DC

BOQ
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properly disposed of in

PMO-

As

and

a manner that does not

EU

required

When

affect the natural


drainage
9

Land

The construction

9.1 Ensure that the

contamination

machinery includes

CSCEnv

Compliance

DC

maintenance of vehicle

PMO-

System in place

Daily

due to spill of cranes, trucks, loaders/

and other plant takes

EU

lubricants, fuel, dumber and batching

place only in

chemicals

designated areas

other
material

and plants will be used


waste during the construction

CEnv

As

BOQ
and

When

required

underlined with

period. There are

concrete slabs and a

chances of

system to catch surface

contaminating of the

runoff.

land due to release of

9.2 Ensure effluents

contaminated effluents,

from rig washing and

PMO-

accidental spill, leaks,

other potentially

EU

run of from the material

contaminated effluents

storage yard etc.

are released in mud pit


9.3 Ensure that fuels,

CEnv

CEnv

CSCEnv

CSCEnv

System in place

DC

BOQ

When required

System in Place

DC

oils, and other

PMO-

Once in week When

hazardous substances

EU

required

BOQ

are handled and stored


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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

according to standard
safety practices such
as secondary
containment bunded
area. Fuel tanks should
be labeled accordingly
9.4 Ensure that fuels,

System in place

DC

oils, and chemical are

PMO-

Once

stored in areas lined by

EU

days

an impermeable base

BOQ
every 15-

Once a month

and containing dykes.


9.5 Ensure spills are

CEnv

CSCEnv

avoided during fuel and

PMO-

oil transfer operations.

EU

Appropriate

System in place

DC

BOQ

Daily
Arrangements in When required
place

arrangements, such as
minimize carrying
around site, if require
carry in proper
container or vehicles.
9.6. Keep spillage kit
including shovels,

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMO-

System in place

DC

BOQ

Daily
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Description

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor
plastic bags, absorbent

Monitor
EU

Once a month

materials and sand


bags on site near fuel
and oil storage areas.
9.7. Ensure that

CEnv

CSCEnv

refueling of vehicles is

PMO-

planned on daily basis

EU

Work Planning

DC

BOQ

Daily

to minimize travel and


chances of spill
9.8 Ensure that

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

DC

operating vehicles are

PMO-

Daily

checked for any fuel,

EU

When required

BOQ

oil, or battery fluid


leakage regularly
9.9 Ensure that

CEnv

CSCEnv

incidents of leak / spill

PMO-

record is maintained for

EU

each vehicle and

System in place

DC

BOQ

Daily
Maintain Record

When required

repairs affected
vehicles at the earliest
opportunity. Leaking
vehicles will not be
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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

operated unless
repaired.
9.10 Soil contaminated
by minor spill (covering

PMO-

an area up to 0.1 m

EU

Compliance

DC

BOQ

When required

and 75 mm deep) will


be collected and
disposed off at burn pit.
9.11 Ensure that soil

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

DC

BOQ

contaminated by

PMO-

When

required

moderate spills or leaks

EU

Once a month

(up to 200 lifters) is


contained using
shovels, sand and soil.
The contaminated soil
will be removed from
the site and send it to
landfill site or burn pit
as require. Major spills
of volume exceeding
200liters will be
handled and controlled
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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

Implementation

by a specialized
contractor as
suggested in Waste
Disposal Plan
10

Agricultural

It is envisage that no

10.1 Ensure that

land and crop agricultural land is

destruction of

PMO-

of

destruction.

involved for the

agricultural land is

EU

contractual

establishing of the

avoided by controlling

contractors facilities i.e.

the work activities and

batching plant, labour

vehicles movement by

camp, contractors

the trained banksman.

camp, material yard,

10.2 If it is absolutely

workshop etc.

unavoidable and

PMO-

Accidental damage to

private land or crop

EU

the crop or agricultural

damage from the

land may happen due

contractors activities

to mistake of

then the affecties will

contractors vehicle

be compensated and

driver or labour.

SFA completed by the

DC

SFA

Contractors Daily
When required

obligation

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance SFA

DC

SFA

When required

contractor
11

Any discharge

No graveyard /

11.1 If during

or diversion of

archeological site are

construction such sites

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMO-

Site Inspections

DC

Direct Cost

Daily
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Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

water to a

found in the project

are found and

graveyard or

area so no such

discharge or diversion

archeological

situation may occur in

of water likely to

site.

the area.

damage the site then it

Monitor
EU

When required

is a contractors
obligation not to let it
happen.
11.2 Solve the problem

CEnv

CSCEnv

by collaboration with

PMO-

the communities as per

EU

Compliance SFA

DC

SFA

When required

SFA.
12

Electric &

Renovation of electric

Mechanical

and mechanical

Works.

installations of the

No action is required

existing barrage will be


carried out in situ so
there will be no impact
on the land resources
due to this activity.
13

Extended Canal

The construction

13.1. Ensure that the

Closure.

activities require canal


closure will be

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

extended canal closure

PMO-

Work Plan

is avoided by planning

EU

of DC

BOQ

When required
Once a month
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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

scheduled in such a

the work activities.

way that it must be

13.2 In case of

finished within normal

emergency avoid full

PMO-

canal closure period

closure of canal by

EU

and avoided extended

setting up cofferdam.

canal closure. If require

13.3 Cofferdams or

construct cofferdam or

CEnv

Compliance

DC

Direct Cost

When required

CSCEnv

Site Inspections

DC

temporary diverted

PMO-

Appointment

When requiredd

temporary structure to

routes of canals will be

EU

process

maintain routine

constructed by a

discharge into the all

competent staff or sub-

three canals

contractor to keep

CSCEnv

Compliance with DC, AC

BOQ

running the canals


during work activities,
as routine.
B-

WATER
RESOURCES

14

Construction of Contamination:

14.1 Ensure that soil

Coffer Dams.

Contamination of the

material used for the

method

During

river water from soil

construction/dismantlin

statement

construction/disma-

material during

g of the coffer dam

Site Inspections

ntling of the coffer

construction and

should not contaminate

CEnv

BOQ

dam
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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

removal of the coffer

the river water in terms

dams may

of suspended solids,

PMO-

consequently affecting

pH, oil based material

EU

the aquatic life,

to impact adversely on

particularly downstream

the aquatic life,

fisheries.

particularly

Once a month

downstream fisheries
by adopting good
engineering practice.
14.2 Carry out water

CEnv

CSCEnv

Laboratory

testing to ensure the

PMO-

based

setting up /dismantling

EU

site

DC

and

Direct Cost

on Monthly basis of on

Water site testing

and operation of the

testing of control

cofferdam do not

water

Quarterly basis of

adversely impacting of

laboratory

control water bodies

testing

base

(river, canals).
14.3 The Contractor

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

BC/DC

will consult with the

PMO-

At the set up and

environmentalist from

EU

dismantling

the supervising

BOQ

Cofferdam

consultant to get the


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Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

approval of
construction/dismantlin
g process and location
of the cofferdam.
15

Batching Plant

Use of water:

15.1 Ensure that

Preparation of concrete

pumping of the ground

PMO-

Before establishing

at the batching plant

water will not affect the

EU

new tube well

would need water free

private or public tube

from sediments and

well in the near vicinity

high salt

15.2 Ensure that

concentrations,

contractor use the

PMO-

When required

particularly sulphates.

water free from

EU

Daily

Ground water in vicinity

sediments and high salt

of the river will meet

concentration for the

this requirement.

preparation of concrete

Therefore, the

at the batching plant.

contractor will install

15.3 Ensure that

tube well at the site to

wastewater or surface

meet this requirement.

runoff generating

Water

may

also

be during rain from the

CEnv

CEnv

CSCEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

Compliance

Site Inspections

BC

DC

DC

BOQ

BOQ

BOQ

Daily
PMO-

When required

EU

needed for curing the batching plant should


concrete. For this the not enter in to the river
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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance with DC

contractor will use river without treatment.


water.

15.4 Ensure the

Disposal of waste

effluent meet the

PMO-

contractual

water: Waste water

NEQS level through

EU

obligation.

generated from the

impounding or other

Effluent

batching plant will be

type of treatment

(if generated)

loaded with cement and

before this is disposed

fine aggregate.

off in to the river.

Disposal of this water

15.5 Ensure that

into the river will affect

Engineer to oversee

PMO-

the water quality and

that the contract

EU

consequently affecting

clauses are complied

the aquatic life.

by the contractor.

CEnv

CSCEnv

BOQ

When required

testing Monthly basis

Compliance

DC

BOQ

Daily

The suitable site for the


batching

plant

is

indicated on figure 3.1.


16

Drinking Water Water Consumption:

16.1 Ensure water

Supply
Wastewater

& The contractor will


require arranging water

CSCEnv

System in place

DC

source for domestic

PMO-

Water testing

Quarterly basis

use i.e. camp site

EU

Generated from supply at the camp for

tab(s) or extraction well

Contractors

will be monitored.

Camp

consumptive as well as
& for the use at work

16.2 Ensure that

CEnv

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance with DC

Direct Cost

BOQ
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Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Workshop

Parameters for Frequency

Monitor

shop for washing and

drinking water standard

PMO-

WHO

otherwise. This may be

should be maintained

EU

water standards

required from the

while supplying water

existing water resource

to the labour camp and

available with IPD for

also regular water

the use at the colony or

testing and monitoring

install a new tube well.

should be done.

The arrangement will

16.3 Ensure that local

CSCEnv

Compliance

be made in consultation

water supplier is

PMO-

with Consultant and

compensated for the

EU

PMO.

water if extracted from

Disposal of Waste

the existing water

water and other waste

supply system for the

effluents: The

community.

contractors camp will

16.4 The contractor will

generate wastewater

provide wastewater

from two sources, viz.,

treatment facilities

PMO-

residential area and

separately for both

EU

workshop. Both the

types of wastewater

wastewaters will have

(domestic wastewater

different types of

& construction

contaminants, i.e.

wastewater)

CEnv

CEnv

CSCEnv

drinking Quarterly testing

DC

Direct Cost

BOQ

When required

Compliance with DC
contractual

Daily

obligation

When required

BOQ

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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

domestic wastewater

16.5 Ensure that

of BC, DC

BOQ

contains human excreta

sewage and other

PMO-

contractual

At the design stage

while the latter will have

waste effluents are

EU

obligation

of waste treatment

oil and grease.

handled properly to

Disposal of untreated

avoid contaminating

wastewater in to the

the control water

river may pollute river

bodies.

system
Effluents testing

Quarterly Basis

water and affect the


aquatic life.
17

C-

Electrical

& Renovation of electrical

17.1

Ensure

good CEnv

CSCEnv

Site

inspection DC

Mechanical

and mechanical

house keeping to avoid

PMO-

by the technical When

Work

installations of the

any accidental spill or

EU

staff

Daily

existing barrage will be

leakage into the river.

carried out in situ.

17.2 The contractor will

CSCEnv

Compliance

DC

Accidental spill or

provide suitable

PMO-

Site inspection

When

leakage of chemicals or

working platform e.g.

EU

oil based material could

scaffolding or mobile

contaminates the river

working tower, if

water and adversely

require to avoid

affect the aquatic life.

accidental spill.

AIR

CEnv

BOQ
requiredd

BOQ
required

Daily

QUALITY
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Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

Monitoring

DC
Quarterly basis

NOISE

POLLUTION
18

Dust, smoke

A vast variety of

18.1 Ensure that all

and other

construction plant and

equipment, generator

PMO-

gaseous

potential

machinery including but

and vehicles used

EU

emission

pollutants from

not limited to

during the project are

from

Plants &

bulldozers, dumpers

properly tuned and

and

equipments

generators, Batching

maintained in good

equipment

Plant and vehicles will

working condition, in

be used during the

order to minimize the

construction phase.

exhaust emissions

These construction

18.2 If the selected

activities will generate

site for batching plant is

PMO-

Once at start of the

dust, smoke and other

closer than 500m from

EU

work

potential pollutants in

the build-up area than

the air.

ensure that zero

CEnv

CSCEnv

BOQ

rates Noise level When

generator required
other

key

System in place

BC

BOQ

emission plant is
installed.
18.3 Ensure that dust

CEnv

CSCEnv

emissions due to

Visible dust:

DC

Visible

Daily

vehicular traffic are

PMO-

observation

minimized by reducing

EU

size

of

of During

BOQ
peak

dust Construction
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Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

speed, vehicular traffic

clouds

Period.

minimized through

Surprise visit

good journey

Once a week

management and water


sprinkling on nonmettle road When
required.
18.4 Ensure that

CEnv

CSCEnv

periodic Ambient air

PMO-

quality is monitoring to

EU

Compliance

DC

Direct Cost

Quarterly basis

assess the
concentration of
Carbon Monoxide (
CO), Carbon Dioxide
(CO2), Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO2), Sulphur Dioxide
(SO2) and Particulate
Matter / (PM10) in the
atmosphere.
19

Smoke from

It is a Contractors

19.1 Contractors

burning of

responsibility to provide

waste material

clean source of fuel i.e.

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

BC

obligations to provide

PMO-

contractual

Once at the start of

gas as clean source of

EU

obligations

work

BOQ

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Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

or burning of

sui gas such that the

energy at contractors

DC

firewood in the

site worker do not burn

camp and not allow

Once a week

labour camp

wood as fuel. Burning

them to use wood as

special waste (clinical

fuel.

waste, packing waste

19.2 Ensure that all the

etc) may emit

combustible non-

CEnv

poisoness or hazardous hazardous waste


emission.

CSCEnv

System in place

DC

PMO-

Daily

EU

When required

BOQ

material should be
burnt in the burn pit
only.
19.3 Ensure that the

CEnv

CSCEnv

quantity of waste burnt

PMO-

at one time is managed

EU

Maintain record

DC

BOQ

When required

so as to minimize
smoke emission
19.4 control fuel

CEnv

CSCEnv

consumption and

PMO-

minimize its waste or

EU

Maintain record

DC

BOQ

When required

leakage by regular
monitoring
20

Noise Pollution The use of old/outdated

20.1 Contractors

from

obligation is to use

machinery may raise

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance with DC
the contract

BOQ

Daily
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Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

Construction

the noise level during

appropriate and fit for

PMO-

Activities

the construction phase.

purpose machinery

EU

The contractor will use

20.2 Ensure the

the appropriate

minimum use of vehicle

machinery to carry out

horns particularly

PMO-

the work.

during embankments

EU

CEnv

CSCEnv

When required
Compliance

DC

BOQ

Daily
When required

strengthening work
along the pond area
20.3 Ensure the

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

DC

implementation of the

PMO-

Daily

20km/h speed limit on

EU

When required

BOQ

site.
20.4 Ensure that

CEnv

CSCEnv

Noise Monitoring

DC

periodic noise

PMO-

Monthly basis

monitoring is

EU

When required

Direct Cost

undertaken to access
the noise pollution
during working hours.
D-

BIOLOGICAL
RESOURCES

21

Damage
biological

to The pond area at the


upstream of the

21.1 When aligning the


access road ensure

CEnv

CSCEnv
PMO-

Compliance

BC

BOQ

Once at the time of


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Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

resources

barrage provide habitat

that the chosen route

during

of wildlife including

require minimum

construction.

water fowl and soft-

vegetation loss and no

shell turtles. All the

tree cutting

work activities will be

21.2 Ensure wood and

carried out away from

shrubs are not used as

the environmentally

fuel during construction

PMO-

sensitive area identified

phase

EU

along LMB and Pak-

21.3 Ensure that there

India boundary.

is no open defecating

EU

road

CEnv

CSCEnv

CEnv

CSCEnv

Contractor may require

or construction site.

EU

to clear vegetation from

21.4 Ensure that no fire

the areas to be used

arms are carried out by

for:

any of the employees

- Haulage

Daily
Once a month

Compliance with DC

BOQ

CSCEnv

Plan

When required

Compliance

DC

Site inspection

Daily

PMO-

BOQ

When required

EU

designated security
staff if require.

Construction Camp
Plant

CEnv

soil or labour, except

- Establishing
- Erecting

BOQ

Waste Disposal Daily


PMO-

material

Compliance with DC
EIA/EMMP

in the vicinity of camps

- Borrowing

aligning of access

21.5 Ensure that safe

CEnv

CSCEnv

Batching driving practices is


observed so that the
Tracks accidental killing of

Compliance with DC
EIA/EMMP

PMO-

Endorse

EU

limit

BOQ

Daily
speed When required

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Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Including Guide banks

Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance with BC/DC

damage to the natural

PMO-

Environmental

Daily

topography and

EU

protection Act

When required

CSCEnv

Compliance with BC/DC

reptiles or turtles
crossing the road could
be avoided
21.6 Ensure that

BOQ

landscape is kept
minimum as possible
21.7 Ensure that no-

CEnv

hunting, trapping and

wildlife

or harassing wildlife,

protection

particularly water fowl,

& regulation

softshell turtles. The

PMO-

wildlife protection laws

EU

BOQ

Daily
rules
When required

will be strickly
implemented.
21.8 Ensure that the

CEnv

CSCEnv

illegal fishing or

Compliance with DC

BOQ

Fishery roles & Daily

pouching turtles in the

PMO-

river or canals by the

EU

regulation

When required

project staff is
prohibited
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Cost

Monitoring
21.9 Ensure that the

Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance with DC

general awareness of

Environmental

the crew is enhanced

and

regarding the wildlife,

Protection laws

through environmental

PMO-

training and notice

EU

Direct Cost

Daily

Wildlife
When required

boards.
21.10 Ensure that no

CEnv

CSCEnv

project vehicle or staff

Site inspections
Fenced

DC

BOQ

the Daily

is allowed to access in

PMO-

contractors

When required

the restricted and

EU

facilities

CSCEnv

Consultation with DC

shouting permit should

PMO-

Wildlife

not be given by the

EU

Department

environmentally
sensitive areas due to
security and wildlife
habitat.
21.11 Ensure that

CEnv

BOQ

When required

Wildlife Department for


the shooting in Barrage
pond area during the
construction phase.
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Cost

Monitoring
Executor
21.12 Ensure that site CEnv

Monitor
CSCEnv

workers are protected

Compliance with DC
mitigation

Daily

from harmful species of

PMO-

measures

animals.

EU

explain in EIA

CSCEnv

Include

21.15 Ensure that river

CEnv

ecology is monitored

as When required
a BC

specialize

BOQ

At the preparation

prior to the start of the

PMO-

ecologist in the of EIA

project, during

EU

environmental

DC

team

Quarterly basis

construction and post

BOQ

construction

21.16 Ensure that

CEnv

CSCEnv

cofferdam installation

Site

inspection DC

and

and dismantling are

PMO-

carried out preferably

EU

BOQ

work When required

planning

during fish nonbreading season (April


to June). Monitor
turbidity on regular
basis during excavating
activities. Fish and
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Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

turtles trapped in the


cofferdam shall be
safely moved outside
the cofferdam area
E-

SOCIOECONOMIC
AND
CULTURAL
ISSUES

22

Health & Safety

Population at Risk:

22.1 The contractor will

Impacts on Site

The main settlement

impart to the training to

PMO-

Work Force and

being located far from

the workers on safety

EU

Local

the project site,

matter.

Population

therefore it is unlikely to

22.2 Ensure Compliant

emplace any health &

CEnv

As per contract

BC/DC
When required

CSCEnv

Maintain Record

DC

Management Register

PMO-

Compliance

Daily

safety hazards for the

and Accident Record

EU

local population due to

Register is maintained

the project activities.

at Camp site office.

However there will be

22.3 Ensure no

safety and health

machinery is left

hazards for the work

unattended at working

PMO-

force, particularly for

site

EU

CEnv

CSCEnv

Direct Cost

BOQ

When required

Maintain

plants DC

log sheet

Daily

Site inspections

When required

BOQ

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component

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Description

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

the people working on

Once a month

the repair/ renovation of

PMO-

gates and hoists and

EU

installing electric

22.4 Ensure PMO

equipments under a

representative visits

condition of full

monthly to gather

impoundment of the

complaints from

barrage pond.

Social/Environment

PMO-EU

CSCEnv
PMO

Maintain

DC

Complain

Daily

Management

Monthly basis

BOQ

Register

Complaints
Management Register
and provide feedback
to the community on
the status of the
previous complaints to
the community elders.
22.5 Ensure the use of

CEnv

CSCEnv

horns is prohibited ,
except when necessary

PMO-

Display

sign DC

boards

Daily

Compliance

When required

Compliance

DC

BOQ

EU
22.6 Ensure all entry CEnv
points

in

to

CSCEnv

the

construction area are to

BOQ

Provision of 24h Daily


PMO-

security

When required
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No.

component

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Description

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor
be staffed 24 hours a

Monitor
EU

day.
22.7 Ensure that safe

CEnv

CSCEnv

driving practices are

Implementation
of

DC

BOQ

traffic Daily

adopted, particularly

PMO-

management

When required

while passing close to

EU

plan

CSCEnv

Contractors

DC

obligation

Daily

settlements. This
includes a speed limit
of 40km/h within build
up (residential area)
and 20km/h on site.
23

Existing service

Social consultation will

23.1 Service facilities

facilities like

be done and all impacts

may be leagalized

education,

influencing the

through SFA.

health,

communities will be

electricity,

defined and all these

Compliance

drinking water

factors will be added

SFA

supply and

and incorporated in the

23.2 Ensure that

public

contract document of

women of the area

At the preparation

gathering,

the contractor and SFA

consulted and their

of EIA

religious

of the communities

point of view

DC

congregations

incorporated regarding

CEnv

CEnv

PMO-

defined

EU

contract

CSCEnv

PMO-

SFA

in When required
data
of

Gender Analysis

BC,

BOQ

Quarterly basis
148

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Project

No.

component

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Description

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

etc

the project activities

Monitor
EU

and community
development projects
23.3 Ensure that

CEnv

CSCEnv

religious congregations

Public

BC

BOQ

Consultation

At the preparation

must be observed

of EIA

carefully in order to

DC

avoid conflicts with

PMO-

tribal leaders and local

EU

When required

communities.
23.5 Contractors camp

CEnv

CSCEnv

Contractors

BC

BOQ

should include but not

PMO-

Contractual

At

limited to the following

EU

Obligation.

contract document

CSCEnv

Public

BC
Once at the start of

preparation

of

facilities
Mosque, Restaurant
Leisure centre, Health
& Safety centre and
Welfare facilities.
24

Tribal tension

Just one month before

24.1 Ensure that

local rivalries

the start of the

polices with direct

consultation

on running

construction work social

bearing on project

Compliance

canals and use

frame work agreement

activities are culturally

SFA

CEnv

BOQ

of work
DC
149

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Project

No.

component

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Description

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

of aquatic life

Parameters for Frequency

Monitor

will be done between

sensitive, in order to

PMO-

the community

avoid conflicts with

EU

members and the

tribal leaders and local

resident engineer. In

communities and to

order to avoid conflicts

offset any impact on

with tribal leaders and

the local social

local communities

structure.

mutual consents will be

24.2 Ensure women

discussed in SFA.

CEnv

When required

CSCEnv

Compliance

BC,

are informed through

PMO-

Gender Analysis

At the preparation

traditional means of

EU

BOQ

of EIA

communication of the

DC

presence of foreign

When required

men (migrated labour


etc) in their area
24.3 Ensure that

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

of BC

individuals holding titles

PMO-

SFA & Land Act

to private property used

EU

SFA

Once at the start of


the work

in the project (if any)

DC

are compensated in

When required

accordance with the


market rates and all
payment are recorded
150

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Project

No.

component

IEE Report

Description

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

Group meetings, BC/DC

related issues related

PMO-

Public

to project

EU

consultation

CSCEnv

Compliance with BC

24.4 Focus on water

BOQ

When required

implementation in
regular group meeting
with local community
25

Adverse effects

No important cultural 25.1 If any

on

and archaeological site archaeological,

PMO-

law indicated in At the completion of

archaeological

has been found

EU

chapter 2 of EIA

sites any grave

reported in the area,

or historical, cultural,

CEnv

Direct Cost

EIA

religious or grave yard

DC

yards and burial

found during the project

Daily

sites

implementation then

When required

the contractor will


ensure that no damage
to any such sites is
caused due to the
project activities.
However no such site
is identified in the
project area of
influance.
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No.

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Description

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
25.2 Ensure that if any

Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

such sites are found

DC

BOQ

Daily

during the construction


stage informed to the
site office immediately.
26

Public Health & Due precautions shall

26.1 Ensure that a

Safety services be taken by the

proper Ambulance

PMO-

Daily

at construction contractor, and at his

(preferably a four-

EU

When required

site.

own cost, to ensure the

wheel drive vehicle) is

safety of his staff and

available on site on a

labour and, in

24-hour basis during

collaboration with and

construction phase.

to the requirement of

26.2 Ensuring that all

the local health

materials, gears and

PMO-

Once at the start of

authority ,to ensure that

equipment (including

EU

work

medical staff headed by

personal protective

DC

qualified medical

equipment) require

Daily

doctor, first aid

carrying out the work

equipment and

safely are provided to

stores,sick bay and

the staff.

CEnv

CEnv

CSCEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

Compliance

DC

BC/DC

BOQ

BOQ

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Project

No.

component

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Description

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

suitable ambulance

26.3 Ensure that

service are available at

employees must have

the campus, housing,

access to running

PMO-

and on the site at all

potable water at their

EU

times through out the

place of work and also

period of the contract

shaded area is

and that suitable

provided for rest during

arrangements are

working shift.

made for the prevention

26.4 Ensure use of

of epidemics and for all

horns is prohibited ,

necessary well fare and

except when necessary

System in place

DC

BOQ

Daily

CEnv

CSCEnv

When required

Compliance

DC

BOQ

Daily
PMO-

hygiene requirements.

When required

EU.
26.5 Ensure that safe

CEnv

CSCEnv

driving practices are

Compliance

DC

Traffic

Daily
When required

adopted, particularly

PMO-

Management

while passing close to

EU

Plan

CSCEnv

Compliance with BC

BOQ

settlements. This
includes a speed limit
of 40km/h within builtup
area and 20km/h max.
speed limit on site.
27

Employment

The project will open

27.1 Ensure maximum

CEnv

BOQ
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Project

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Description

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

opportunities

Parameters for Frequency

Monitor

new jobs opportunities

(upto 100%) unskilled

PMO-

labour

which the local

and possible semi

EU

contract

employment

population could avail.

skilled and skilled jobs

documents

DC

IPD may request the

are to be provided to

contractor to hire labour

people from local

from the local

communities, provided

community

the suitable competent

It is believed that

person with required

substantial amount of

qualifications/experienc

unskilled work force for

e is available.

construction could be

27.2

Ensure

in At

the

stage

recruited from the local

staff

interaction

population near the

local

project site. Therefore

minimized

with
is

CSCEnv

Land

PMO-

for labour camp During

EU

should
least

selection BC
be

BOQ
preparation

at of EIA

500m

Barrage construction

away,

will have a positive

barrier between When required

impact on the socio-

work area and

economic fabric of the

public places

local society. The

27.3 Ensure that inter

Contractor will evaluate

of

When required

project CEnv

community

laws

CEnv

physical DC

CSCEnv

Public

BC

tribal balance is

PMO-

Consultation

At

the available manpower

maintained when giving

EU

taking into

employment to the

BOQ
the

stage

of

employment
DC
154

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Project

No.

component

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Description

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor
consideration the level

local population.

(skilled or unskilled)

Preference to be given

and numbers of the

to the people directly

workers who could be

affected by the project.

inducted in the labour/

27.4

work force of the

Monitor
When required

Ensure

that CEnv

CSCEnv

Public

BC

guidelines are prepared

PMO-

Consultation

at

Project. The Contractor

and

EU

will give preference to

sensitize

employing suitable

labour to local norms

personnel living close

and customs in order to

to the Project area on

minimize

the conditions which

tensions

will be in accordance

27.5 Ensure that field CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance with BC

with the National Law

crew

PMO-

PHS Act

ensuring that the

screened

working conditions for

employed

implemented

is

to

BOQ
the

stage

of

employment

non-local

DC
Quarterly

cultural

medically
before

EU

At

BOQ
the

stage

of

employment

the labour / work force


at the site take due
care of the health,
safety and ambient
conditions conducive to
appropriate
155

Suleimanki Barrage

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Project

No.

component

IEE Report

Description

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor

Monitor

CEnv

CSCEnv

working/living
standards applicable to
a work site.
28

Communicable

The labour camp, their

28.1 Ensure that

Diseases.

interaction with truck

periodic awareness

drivers and alike

campaign for HIV/AIDS

PMO-

&

personnel are potential

are undertaken for the

EU

awareness

places for spread of

project staff

Communicable

28.2 Ensure that a risk

Diseases if the

Compliance with DC

Direct Cost

PHS Acts, health Quarterly


safety When required

courses
CEnv

CSCEnv

Medical

testing BC

assessment of the

PMO-

of site worker

incidence exists.

spread of HIV/AIDS is

EU

Almost 100% of the

undertaken in the

people of project area

project area on the

and the potential labour

basis of data from the

are not aware of the

Punjab HIV/AIDS

source, mode of

program.

communication or

28.3 The medical staff

consequences of

ensure periodical

PMO-

Hepatitis, HIV/AIDS.

checks of the cooking

EU.

Although their religious

staff and cooking

and cultural value

practice particularly for

system, to a large

symptoms of hepatitis

BOQ

At the employment
DC
Quarterly basis

CEnv

CSCEnv

Medical Testing

DC

BOQ

When required

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Project

No.

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Description

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor
extent excludes the

Monitor

A.

outbreak or rapid
communication of
HIV/AIDS, yet its
occurrence in such a
situation cannot be
precluded. It is
necessary that along
with other
communicable
diseases like Cholera,
Typhoid and
Tuberculosis,
awareness and
preventive campaigns
are run from time to
time in the labour
camps and the field
offices of the project on
HIV/AIDS.
29

Restoration/reh

It will be the

29.1 Ensure that all CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance

After completion of BOQ

abilitation

requirement of the

barrow

PMO-

Plategraph

excavating work

sites

are

157

Suleimanki Barrage

Sr.

Project

No.

component

IEE Report

Description

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor
as

per

Monitor

contract that restoration

remediate

of borrow areas will be

contract requirements

done at completion of

29.2 Camp site is

the work. All borrow

restored and changed

PMO-

areas will be levelled as

to tourist resort if

EU

far as possible, graded

possible and agreed by

and brought in a level

the Irrigation

form resembling to

Department

natural condition prior

29.3 All extra products / CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance with After completion of BOQ

extraction / borrowing.

material, solid and

PMO-

Waste Disposal- work

Campsite and

liquid will be disposed

EU

Plan

temporary facilities will

off in accordance with

be restored in

the requirement of the

accordance with

EIA / EPA and contract

contractual obligations

document.

and requirements. All

29.4 All fencing and

CSCEnv

Compliance with After completion of

the community roads

access gates relevant

PMO-

restoration

and bridge roads which

to construction

EU

guidelines

were under contractor

activities will be

use will be restored to

removed

its original shape or

29.5 All pits (including

CSCEnv

Compliance

better.

burn pits, sumps and

CEnv

CEnv

CEnv

EU

record

CSCEnv

Compliance

PMO-

After completion of BOQ


work

work

At

completion

of BOQ

work
158

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Project

No.

component

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Description

Measures / Actions

Responsibility

Parameters for Frequency

Cost

Monitoring
Executor
depression) will be

Monitor
EU

backfilled unless
agreed with the
CSCEnv
29.6 The portion of the

CEnv

CSCEnv

access track likely to

PMO-

be of no use for other

EU

Compliance

After completion of BOQ


work

activities will be
restored by removing
culverts and gravel
topping
29.7 While abandoning

CEnv

CSCEnv

Compliance with After completion of BOQ

sumps the extra cap of

PMO-

restoration

soil will be placed over

EU

guidelines

CSCEnv

Compliance with After completion of SFA

potential conflicts

PMO-

SFA

should emerged with

EU

work

them to allow for


compaction.
29.8 Ensure that no

CEnv

work

landowners during the


restoration of the
borrow areas.
159

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BC - Before Construction; DC - During costruction;


PMO-EU -

IEE Report

CEnv -

Project Management Office- Environmental Unit;

Contractors Environmentalist

CSCEnv

Construction Supervision Consultants Environmentalis

160

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7.5

IEE Report

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

7.5.1
Management Responsibilities
Overall responsibility for environmental management will rest on Head PMO of the Irrigation
and Power Department, Government of the Punjab.
i.

The Executing Agency

ii.

Supervising and Monitoring :

PMO of Punjab Irrigation Department (PID)


Environmental Unit of PMO.

Agency
iii.

General Assistance to all :

Head PMO/The Project Director, Irrigation

above agencies in their

Department will facilitate communications,

respective tasks

logistics and data collection as and when


required.

iv.

Logistic Support

Head PMO/The Project Director, Irrigation


Department shall provide the logistic support
and

shall

be

the

focal

point

for

the

construction activity.
(i)

Project Management Office (PMO)

The overall responsibility for the implementation of Environmental Management/Monitoring


Plan rests with the Project Management Office (PMO) along with the assistance of
Environmental Unit (EU) of PMO. The EU consists of Director Environment & Sociology,
Deputy Director Environment and Deputy Director Sociology.
PMO will assume overall responsibility for ensuring:
That while executing the contract and undertaking the construction all environmental
norms, regulations and requirements promulgated by Pakistan Environmental
Protection Council (PEPC), Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA),
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Punjab and environmental safeguard policies
of Asian Development Bank , with respect to the work site and adjacent areas are
fully respected and implemented.
Overall responsibility for implementation of EMP.
PMO will ensure that Contractor and Construction Supervision Consultants appoint a
dedicated environmental officer and allied staff. PMO will also ensure that all
environmental personnel are authorized to implement the socio- environmental
policies and requirements of the EMMP.
161

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IEE Report

PMO will also coordinate with relevant government departments and stakeholders on
concerned socio-environmental issues.
PMO will inspect and monitor residual impacts of the rehabilitation work and observe
documentation of the impacts during the construction phase.
PMO will also inspect the significance of impact in case of unanticipated change in
the project.
Construction Supervision Consultants will assist and advise PMO in implementation of EMP.
(ii)

Environment Unit (EU) of PMO


-

The Environmental Unit (EU) within PMO will monitor Project performance.

The EU will function in coordination with the Construction Supervision Consultants


and will receive reports from them on behalf of PMO.

EU will prepare and submit periodical Progress and Monitoring Reports to all
stakeholders as per their schedules. In this task they will seek assistance/ guidance
from Construction Supervision Consultants as and when required.

(iii)

Head PMO/The Project Director

The Project Director shall provide or arrange the logistics including communication, transport
and accommodation to all visiting persons/teams experts from any of the above monitoring
units and shall coordinate with the contractor(s) to facilitate the visits/inspections. For all
Monitoring and Evaluation activities in the field the Engineers Representative shall act as a
focal point.
(iv)

Contractor

The contractor will be responsible for the implementation of the project EMP. The contractor
will ensure that EMP for the project is implemented fully and must be integrated into the
Project implementation and make integral part of the contract document. For any default
damages so caused will be remediated by the contractor at his own cost and expenses. In
case the contractor fails to rectify the damage the employer will do the need full at risk and
cost of the contractor. The amount will be determined by the Construction Supervision
Consultants which will be adjusted from amount due to the contractor. The contractor will
also be responsible for communicating with and training of his staff in environmental aspects
and implementation of the EMP. The contractor will develop and get approved Health, Safety
& Environment (HSE) Plan from Construction Supervision Consultants before the
commencement of the Physical works on site.
162

Suleimanki Barrage

(v)

IEE Report

Construction Supervision Consultants

The construction supervision consultants will be responsible to ensure quality of work and
fulfilment of contractual obligations. Environmental Specialist of the construction supervision
consultants will ensure that all the environmental and social provisions comply with the
applicable standards. He / She will confirm that the day-to-day construction activities are
carried out in environment friendly manner and organize periodic environmental training
programmes and workshops for the consultants and contractors staff.
Project Organizational Structure
The organizational structure for the environment management / monitoring implementation is
shown below. The role of the organization are described in exhibit 1.

Secretary to Government of Punjab


Irrigation and Power Department

Head
Project Management Office

Environment
Unit

Director Social
/ Environment

Deputy Director
Environment

Construction
Supervision
Consultants

Environmental
Specialist &
Sociologist

Contractor

Environmental
officer / Team

Deputy Director
Sociology

Organization Chart for Environment Management / Monitoring Implementation

163

Suleimanki Barrage

IEE Report

Exhibit 1 - Responsibilities of PMO Environmental Unit, Contractors, Monitoring and


Environmental Specialist of the Construction Supervision Consultants
Organization

Designation

Responsibilities

Project
Management
Office (PMO)

Director Socio
/ Environment

Overall incharge of the


environmental unit.
Oversee the works of
environmental and social
aspects related to the
project(s)
for
Punjab
barrages rehabilitation.
Provide
environmental
and social guidance to
environmental staff in
project preparation and
approval
/
sanctions,
constructions,
implementation, to attain
optimum efficiency and
success
in
the
management
and
operation of the project.
Assist Project Director in
active inter-action with
donors,
consultant,
contractors and other
stake holders on monthly
review, progress of the
project or any other
situation
required
immediate action.
Time management for
successful completion of
the
project
and
its

Operating Documents

Contract with I&P


Department
Relevant Asian Bank
documents
on
environmental
and
other laws discussed
in IEE of Sulemanki
Barrage
IEE for the Sulemanki
Barrage
The present EMMP of
Sulemanki Barrage
Social
Framework
Agreement (SFA).
Consultants
Environmental
Reports
Comply
with
National, International
and Punjab Public
Health and Safety
(PHS) Acts

scheduling according to
approved budget.
Preparation
of
all
necessary
reports
required to be submitted
to Govt. or donor agency.
Ensure compliance and
implementation of rules
164

Suleimanki Barrage

Organization

IEE Report

Designation

Responsibilities

Operating Documents

and regulations issued by


the Federal Agencies
especially regarding social
and
environmental
aspects.
Project
planning,
monitoring and evaluation
specifically
in
environmentally & social
related matters in the
project.

Assist

Project

Deputy

Management

Director

environment

Office (PMO)

Environment

assignment and field as

Relevant Asian Bank

well.

documents

Full fill the obligation as

environmental

laid out in his/her contract

other laws discussed

with I&P department.

in IEE. of Sulemanki

Ensures

Barrage

Director

Socio,

in

office

environmental

protection
project

during

the

implementation

according

to

Environmental

laws,

policies guidelines

and

I&P

Department
on
and

IEE for the Sulemanki


Barrage
The present EMMP of
Sulemanki Barrage
Social

Framework

Agreement (SFA).

Liaison

Consultants

with

contractor
consultants

environmental team

with

technical standards
and

Contract

Conduct

site

Environmental
Reports

visits

to

Comply

with

ensure compliance with

National, International

IEE and EMMP

and

Coordinate

with

stakeholders,

including

Punjab

Health

and

Public
Safety

(PHS) Acts

general community, EPA,


WWF,
contractor,

Asian

Bank,

consultants

and others

Support DD Sociology in
165

Suleimanki Barrage

Organization

IEE Report

Designation

Responsibilities
fullfillment

Operating Documents
of

his/her

responsibilities
Project

Deputy

Management

Director

environment

Office

Sociologist

assignment and field as

Relevant Asian Bank

well.

documents on social

Assist

Director

Socio,

in

Carried

office

out

aspects

and

other

laws discussed in IEE

spokesperson of the PMO

of

on social aspects.

Barrage.

Deals

with

social

Sulemanki

Socio-economic survy

mobilization and emerging

as a baseline for IEE

socio-economic issues.

of

Coordinate

Barrage

with
including

Sulemanki

The present EMMP of

general community, EPA,

Sulemanki Barrage

WWF,

PHS Acts

Asian

Bank,

consultants

and others.
Review

Social

Framework

Agreement (SFA).
all

socio-

Consultants

environmental reports and

Environmental

ensure implementation of

Reports

corrective

Documentation

measures,

if

any

I&P

responsibilities of official

contractor,

with

Department

the

stakeholders,

Contract

received

Conduct

site

visits

to

Socio-

from

field

ensure compliance with

Comply

IEE and EMMP

Acts

Support DD Environment

Social

in

Agreement (SFA

fulfilment

of

the

his/her

with

HSE

Framework

responsibilities
Construction

Environmental

Supervision

Specialist

Consultant

Ensure the implementation


of

the

mitigation

Contract with PMO

IEE for

measures suggested in
the EMMP
activities
compliance

Barrage

Monitor

construction
as

per

the

monitoring

Sulemanki

The

EMMP

of

Sulemanki Barrage

Comply

with HSE

Plan
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Organization

IEE Report

Designation

Responsibilities

Operating Documents

program
Monitor the impacts of the
project activities (effects
monitoring,

discussed

later in this document)


Liaison with environmental
officers and HSE officer

Manage and implement


environmental

mitigation

measures, as well as I&P


Department
contractors

and
health

and

safety Policies
Manage operation of the
contractors
environmental
management staff

Give training to the staff


on environment
awaereness

Contractor

Environmental

Manage

and

officer / HSE

environmental

officer

measures

implement
mitigation

with

supervision

contractors

consultants

Cause and effects, and

for

Sulemanki

EMMP of Sulemanki
Comply

with PHS

Acts

Train the staff as required


Implementation of EMMP

IEE

Barrage

Manage operation of the


field environmental staff

I&P

Barrage

consultant

environmental specialist.

with

Department

health and safety Policies


Liaison

Contract

Consultants
environmental reports.

Social

Framework

Agreement (SFA)

compliance monitoring.

7.6

CHANGE MANAGEMENT

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An environmental assessment of the proposed project has been made during the
preparation of EIA. However it is possible that change in project design may be required
when the project is implemented. This section describes the mechanism to handle Changes
that might affect the project environmental impact. The changes in the project design may
be:
First Order Change is one that leads to a significant departure from the project described in
the EIA such as change in location, project design. The change management statement
(CMS) will be submitted to EPA for approval with a copy to the Asian Bank.
Second Order Change is one that is not significantly different from those described in the
EIA such as;

Increase in project personnel by 25%

Changes in the documentation and communication, stakeholders consultation


program

The change management statement (CMS) will be submitted to EPA for information with a
copy to the Asian Bank.
Third Order Change is one that is of little consequence to the EIA findings, such as;

Re-aligning a particular section of road to avoid cutting tree

The assessment report will be compiled and recorded.


7.7

COMMUNICATION AND DOCUMENTATION

Communication and documentation is an essential feature of EMMP. The key features of


such mechanism are:
7.7.1
Data Recording and Maintenance
All forms to be used for recording information during the environmental monitoring will follow
a standard format which will correspond to the data base in to which all the gathered
information will be placed. Check boxes will be used as much as possible to facilitate data
entry. Tracking system will be developed for each form.
7.7.2
Storage of Information
The database may include the following information
Training programs;
Staff deployment;
Non-compliance;
Corrective actions
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List of environmental data and


List of environmental data to be maintained:
Soil and land pollution
Disposal of excavated silt and earth
Disposal of waste

Water resource

Quality
Quantity
Fuel oil and chemical spills

Vegetation record

Record of wildlife

Noise pollution

Air and dust pollution

Socio-economic data

7.7.3
Meetings
The following environmental meetings during the project will take place
Primary meeting for setting out the requisite end frame sounding for the regular
meetings.
Scheduled meetings between Contractor and Supervising Consultant.
Progress review meeting among EU of PMO, Environmental Specialist and
Environment Officer.
The purpose of the meeting will be to discuss the conduct of the operation, non
compliances noted by the consultants environmental team and measures for their remedy.
The meeting will be recorded in the form of a daily/monthly environmental report.
7.7.4
Reports
The Environmental Specialist of the Supervision Consultant shall produce periodical reports
as well as inspection notes based upon the visits to the Project site. This information shall
make a basis for EU for their further reporting or visiting the site. All reports shall be location
and activity specific. The reports shall especially identify areas of contractors noncompliance with the EMP and provide guiding remarks on actions to be taken. The
significance of the non-compliance shall also be noted. Copies of these reports shall be sent
to the Resident Engineer (RE) who shall forward them to the Team Leader, Head PMO,
Irrigation & Power Department and the Contractor for their action(s).
The RE will include in his routine reports a summary status of activities relating to the EMP.
Supplemental reports on issues should also be prepared as and when required.

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The consultant s environmental team will produce daily ,monthly, and annually reports, as
well as a final report of the project based on the information collected. The list of distribution
reports is given in Exhibit-2.
Exhibit-2 Periodic Reports
Report

Prepared by

Reviewed by

Distribution

Daily

Contractors

Reviewed

by Resident

HSE officers

contractor

Engineer

environmental
officer

and

the

Consultants
Environmental
Specialists
Monthly

Environmental

Reviewed by EU of Resident

team of the

PMO.

Engineer

Construction

PMO

Supervision

I&P Department

Consultants

Asian Bank
EPA

Annually

Environmental

Reviewed by EU of Resident

team of the

PMO.

Engineer

Construction

PMO

Supervision

I&P

Consultants

Department
EPA
Asian Bank

Effects Monitoring

Environmental

Reviewed by EU of Resident

team of the

PMO and Punjab Engineer

Construction

EPA

PMO

Supervision

I&P

Consultants

Department
EPA
Asian Bank

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IEE Report

Report

Prepared by

Reviewed by

Distribution

Change

Environmental

Reviewed by EU of Resident

Management

team of the

PMO.

Engineer

Construction

EPA

PMO

Supervision

I&P

Consultants

Department
EPA
World Bank

Final

Environmental

Reviewed by EU of Resident

team of the

PMO.

Engineer

Construction

PMO

Supervision

I&P

Consultants

Department
EPA
Asian Bank

7.7.5
Photographic Record of the Project Area
This will include:
Identifying key locations for taking Plategraphs
Using digital camera to Plategraph of the project area before the construction start and
Recording the following information for each shot on a form
Shot number
Name of Plategraph
Date
Time
Featured Plategraph
Other observations
Repeating the above after completion of all activities for selected location
7.7.6
Social Complaints Register
The consultants environmental team will maintain a social complaint register at camp site
office to document all complaints received from the local communities. The register will also
record the measures taken to mitigate these concerns. The final report will be communicated
to Environmental section of PMO. The Project Monitoring team shall carry out the monitoring
of the implementation of social and environmental mitigation measures as per ADB
Safegaurd Policy Statement.

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7.7.7
Record Register
The environmental specialist of the construction supervision consultants will be responsible
to maintain and update all environment related data, record and documents. The results
from environment monitoring and sampling program should be fully documented and
recorded. The results will be available for inspection by the regulator, authorities and Asain
Developing Bank on site. The record should provide the following quality assured monitoring
and sampling information.
Determinants monitored and sampled
Specified details of measurements/samples to support analytical and QA
requirements e.g. dates, times, location, other relevant parameters
Results of measurements/sample analysis, with error limited.
Interpretation and review of results against specified trigger level.
This will be maintained at a site to document any change in the project design as well. These
changes will be handled through the change management mechanism if any. The final report
will be communicated to EU. Environmental issues Tracking Report form will be completed
and maintained by the Contractor.
7.8

WASTE DISPOSAL PLAN

This component describes the waste disposal plan that will be employed during the
construction and restoration period. The main types of waste to be disposed off include
Waste generated during construction
Fuel, oils, and chemicals;
Sewage;
Campsite waste;
Medical waste;
Demolition waste;
Packing waste and
Excess construction material.
Domestic waste and construction waste will be the main type of waste generated from
Labour Camp and construction activities. Domestic waste contains high percentage of
readily degradable hydrocarbon which gives bad smell on decomposition, especially in hot
and humid environment. Construction waste classified as inert waste which could be a
problematic to dispose off. It is recommended to collect the domestic waste and construction
waste separately.

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7.8.1

IEE Report

Domestic Waste
All the waste generated at Labour Camp should be collected and temporarily stored
at the designated bonded area within the labour camp.
The area should be prepared, maintained and visually inspected and recorded on
regular basis by the Environment Officer of the contractor.
The waste storage area should be fenced to stop animals direct contact with the
waste. The site must be decontaminated to keep the building free from foul smells,
spreading of diseases and healthy working environment on regular basis.
It is a responsibility of Contractor to arrange the waste collection from the Labour
Camp with local authority or waste disposed cooperation on regular basis.
Waste Chute should be provided within the Labour Camp. Chute will enable the
collection of thrown solid in the covered storage site.
Bags should be provided to the occupants and resident of the labour camp for
collecting their waste.
Implement resource conservation and recover recyclable waste e.g. paper, steel
cane, glass bottles etc from the collected waste and divert the filtered waste to the
area landfill site.

7.8.2

Construction Waste
Construction waste could be reused as a fill material or construction material.
However the detail testing should be undertaken to confirm the suitability of the
waste, if is used as a construction material.
If the construction waste disposed of on site in the form of landfill then once the hole
filled with the construction waste the top of the fill should be capped with clayed
material and compacted to minimize water infiltration.

The waste disposal system is summarized in Exhibit-3 below

Exhibit-3 Waste Disposal Plan


Types
of Description
waste
Construction
Crushed
waste
Concrete &
Excavated soil

Construction
phase
Road Bridge
and Barrage
structure
repair work

Disposal methods
Dumping and levelling of waste only
on
site
agreed
with
the
Environmental Specialist and EU as
indicated on figure 1.3. Waste will be
properly disposed of in a manner that
does not disturb the natural drainage.
The dumped material will be
strengthened by stone pitching.
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Types
of Description
waste
fuel, oils, and Contaminated
chemicals
soil or water
spills
contaminated
soil
or
wastewater

IEE Report

Construction
phase
All phases

Sewage and Wastewater


Construction
gray
from
kitchen /Operation
wastewater
and washing Phase

Disposal methods
soil contaminated by minor spills /
leakages (defined as leaks from the
vehicles, machinery, equipment, or
storage containers such that the
areas and depth of soil contaminated
is less than 1sqft and 3 inches
respectively) will be scraped and sent
to the burn pit where it will be burned
along with other combustible wastes.
Moderate spills defined as spills of
volume less than or equal to 200
litres will be contained and controlled
using shovels, sand, and native soil.
these materials and equipment will
be made available at campsite and
construction site during operation.
The contaminated soil will be
excavated and stored in a bonded
area lined with impermeable base.
Depending on the volume of the
contaminated soil, the disposal may
involve of sending to burn pit or by
specialized treatment such as
bioremediation or
solidification/stabilization (s/s)
Major spills of volume exceeding 200
litres will require the initiation of PMO
emergency response procedures.
These spills will be handled and
controlled
according
to
the
specialized measures and special
treatment as suggested by the spills
removal experts. The contaminated
water should be collected in separate
container and sent them to the
suitable treatment site after the
mutual agreement with environment
consultant and PMO.

Sewage to be disposed of using


septic tanks and soak pits, solid
residue to be disposed of in nearby
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Types
waste

IEE Report

of Description

Campsite
waste

Medical waste

areas, sewage

Animal, fruit or Construction


vegetable
/Operation
residue,
Phase
domestic
garbage

Syringes, glass
bottles, soiled
bandages,
expired drugs,
dressing
Used
oil,
Workshop
ferrous
/non
waste,
and ferrous
fluid waste
materials,
batteries,
oil
etc
Demolition
Concrete,
Waste
bricks,
other
building
materials
Packing
waste

Excess
construction
material

Construction
phase

Construction
/Operation
Phase

Disposal methods
sewage
treatment
facilities.
Wastewater
from
kitchen
and
washing areas to be disposed of in
soak pits
Colour coded waste collection drums
will be placed at the appropriate
locations to segregate different types
of waste. Recyclable waste to be
given away for recycling; and non
combustible waste to be buried in
designated landfill by the waste
disposal authority of district Okara
with other city waste as agreed with
EU and Environmental Specialist.
Green waste will be disposed off at
the composting unit.
To be incinerated at nearby hospital
incinerator, if any, or an equivalent
facility

Construction / The collection of waste should be


Operation
arranged with specialized certified
Phase
contractor.

Construction / Reusable material to be given away


Operation
for use. Remaining waste to be
Phase
buried in designated landfill or
designated
construction
waste
disposal site.
Paper, plastic, Construction / recyclable waste to be handed over
textiles,
Operation
to recycling contractors.
cardboard,
Phase
rubber, wood,
glass,
tin,
cans,
aluminum cans
Sand,
Construction / To be sold back or given to the
aggregate,
Operation
supplier or other users
cement, bricks, Phase
reinforcement
steel
bars,
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Types
waste

7.9

IEE Report

of Description
paints
and
other
construction
materials

Construction
phase

Disposal methods

ILLUSTRATED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

Mechanical works at the barrage might require partial or full closure of the road bridge during
construction. Therefore traffic management would be required during such time periods
spanning long hours in a day. It is a contractors contractual obligation to prepare a Traffic
Management Plan, get its approval from traffic police, XEn Irrigation and HSE Officer and
implement on site. The plan should be available for public in local library and published in
news paper. The suggestions made in this section should be incorporated by the contractor
in preparation of the Traffic Management Plan.
The purpose of traffic management plan is to cope with traffic distribution that call for coordinate actions from several services responsible for road/traffic management on a given
road or network.
Barrage Structure Repair Work
There is a single carriage way bridge on top of the main weir at Sulemanki Barrage for public
transport. If part of the road needs to be used to undertake the barrage structural repair work
then the working area should be clearly marked with separating fence. No unauthorized
person should be allowed to enter the working area. Following measures should be taken
during the construction of the bridge
The adjacent land on both side of the road at the suggested location of the road
bridge belongs to PID, therefore no private land acquisition require for bridge
construction
Temporary route should be provided during the bridge construction to maintain traffic
flow.
The temporary route should be adequate for the existing traffic plus the site traffic and
designed and build by a specialized contractor.
The rural roads leading to or passing near the construction site could be used to
convey men and materials to the construction sites.
It is a Contractors contractual obligation to use the roads and paths carefully and in
case of any damage, repair the damaged roads or paths.

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Closing one Lane: When closing down the one lane of the road then the traffic light system
should be set up and allow only one side traffic at a time. Sign posts about the new traffic
light and/or proposed new road layout should be placed at least one km from the road
closing lane . Sign boards about the expected delay in traffic and queue build up should be
placed in Havali Lakha and Michna Abad (about 45 km from Sulemanki Barrage).

Complete Closure of the Road: There is an active river creek at downstream of the
barrage and road bridge will be required for alternative route. A boat bridge could be
assembled for temporary alternative route for the traffic during the refurbishment of the
existing bridge, the suggested location of the Boat Bridge and access roads (currently are
kacha path need to be strengthened for the main traffic) are indicated in figure 7.1.
If the road need to be closed completely for short period then it is suggested that the closure
should not be more than continuous 4 hours. Local traffic police should be informed at-least
a week before the closure required. Traffic sign board regarding the closure time and
suggestion for alternative routes should be placed at the exit of main city i.e. Pakpattan,
Depalpour, and Bahawalnager towards the Sulemanki Barrage. Where possible the closure
should be arranged outside the off peak times (consider peak time from 6am to 10am and
3pm to 7pm). The traffic should be stopped before it enters the build up area near the
barrage i.e. settlements near the barrage to avoid the distraction of the local community and
damage the infrastructure from the accumulated traffic. The following traffic survey
conducted over a week provides the estimate of the daily average traffic flow can be used for
the preparation of the traffic management plan by the contractor.
Table 7.1:

Traffic Survey Conducted at Sulemanki Barrage


Car/Jeep/

Hiace

Mini Bus/

cycle

Taxi/Pajero

Wagon

Coaster

2009

1176

589

155

117

50

38

460

2014*

1405

655

161

122

52

47

487

2020

1635

722

168

126

54

56

515

*First Year after Proejct Completion

Bus

Loader

Truck/

Motor-

Pickups

Trailer/
tractor

ADT : Average Daily Taffice

7.10 OUTLINE OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND CONTINGENCY PLAN


If any of the results of the environmental monitoring/sampling exceed specified trigger levels
for the determinant, the appropriate actions will be undertaken to prevent hazard to human
life, property and the environment outside the operating site bounding control and minimize
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any immediate risks of pollution of the environments, ensure the immediate initiation of
necessary investigation and management actions to identify, mitigate and remediate the
cause of the accident. Initiate training and periodic testing/checking when necessary.
The probabilities of accident such as oil spills, accidental habitat destruction, water or air
pollution, breach in cofferdam and hit with unexpected high flow are very low. However, such
accidents can occur and overall environmental emergency response method may be used:
Obtain an early warning of the emergency conditions so as to avoid adverse impacts
on the environment
Safeguard personnel to prevent injuries or loss of life
Minimize the impact of such event on the environment and facilities by mitigating the
potential for escalation and containing of the hazards
Site in charge should have permanent mode of contact (e.g. mobile phone or walki
talki) with the HSE officer.
Contact name and number of HSE officer should be available in site office and
displayed on site office notice board.
It is a responsibility of the contractor to provide at least one First Aider during working hours.
The First Aid provider will perform the following duties.
i.

Keeping all necessary first aid medicines and bandages in the first aid box at every
time.

ii. Replace the medicines before their expiry dates to avoid any health hazard to the
people.
iii. Provide first aid to the injured at the event of accident.
iv. Report any accident / incident to the environmental manager immediately for
necessary action.
v. Call ambulance in case of any serious emergency.
Emergency siren should be installed at the barrage to inform the site worker about any
emergency situation. The operation of the siren will be controlled by the HSE officer or his
nominated person. The designate assembly area also should be marked and informed to
site worker.
An outline of a contingency plan for the accidental spill is shown in Exhibit 4
Exhibit-4 Accidental Spill Contingency plan
Step

Diesel spill

Chemical and Oil Spill

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Alert / Mobilize

Alert emergency

Alert emergency

(by work supervisor)

coordinator and team

coordinator and team

Initial action

Start log of event

Start log of event

(by HSE Officer)

Determine

appropriate Determine

appropriate

strategy

strategy

Notify PMO in Lahore

Notify PMO in Lahore

Notify relevant authority

Notify relevant authority

On-going actions

If there is a containment If there is a containment

(Site Incharge)

breach, use earth moving breach, use earth moving


equipment

to

construct equipment

to

construct

ditch or berm to contain ditch or berm to contain


spill. Use pump / absorbent spill. If it contaminates the
to

recover

Handle

the

the

product. river use pump / absorbent


recovered pad to recover the product.

product according to the Handle


COSHH sheets.

the

recovered

product according to the


COSHH sheets.

Stand Down
(Site

Incharge

Engineer)

Once
/

the

incident

has Once

the

incident

has

The ended the emergency team ended the emergency team


and authorities will stand and authorities will stand
down and commence as full down and commence as full
investigation

investigation

Waste disposal

Collect all contaminated soil Incinerate

(Contractor)

or

absorbing

or

pads

and bioremediation

or

treat

with collected

bioremediation

at

incinerate

treat

with
the

product

at

a controlled access area at

controlled access area. In the burn pit. Collect all


case of contaminated water contaminated

soil

and

the water should be treated incinerate it at the burn pit.


and reuse or pump it back
in to the river.
7.11

HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT (HSE) PLAN

It is a contractors obligations to provide and implement the Health, Safety & Environment
(HSE) Plan. The Plan should be divided into three main parts Health, safety and
environment. Each part should include but not limited to the following elements;
SAFETY

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HSE Responsibilities

Site HSE Rules

Orientation, Site HSE Induction and Other Training Activities

Communication and HSE Meetings

Workforce Involvement, Motivation and HSE Incentive

Performance Monitoring

Hazard Analysis and Risk Management

Safe Work Practices

Personal Protective Equipment

10

Fire Prevention

11

Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

12

Transportation

IEE Report

ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATING AND MOINTORING PLAN (EMMP)


1.

HSE Policy

2.

Scope and Objectives

3.

Mitigation Measures, Implementation Plan & Compliance Monitoring

4.

Waste Management

5.

Hazardous Material

6.

Night Working

7.

House Keeping

8.

Noise

HEALTH & HYGIENE


1. Purpose
2. Scope
3. Medical Personnel
4. First Aid (Medical) Facilities
5. Heat Stress
6. First Aid Training
7. Living Camp
8. Welfare of Personnel
9. Use of Narcotics And Drugs
10. Drainage, Sewerage and Septic Tank
SITE SECURITY
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IEE Report

1. Purpose
2. Scope
3. Method and Responsibilities
ATTACHMENTS
1. HSE Policy
2. List of HSE SOPs, MS & Formats
3. Typical Site HSE Organization
4. Injury Statistics for the last four years
5. Honours and Awards
7.12

TREE PLANTATION

If tree cutting will be required then five new trees should be planted for each tree uprooted
on site.
7.13

BORROW AREAS RESTORATION

If during construction contractor need to borrow material from private land then the
contractor can acquire land in according to the lease agreement with the land owner.
Photographs record will be kept before and after the land use as borrowing area. The
contractor will not leave borrowing pit in such a condition that they are unusable and could
be filled with rain water and provide breeding place for mosquitoes or cause any health and
safety issues.
Agriculture land should be restored such that it can be re-use for the agricultural purpose.
The restoration of agricultural land includes but not limited to the following steps.
Remove of 6 inches of the topsoil and keep it separate on site for its re-spread back
on the levelled borrow area
Excavate up to maximum 3 feet
Level slops as far as possible
Place the topsoil back on reasonably levelled area
7.14

LAND ACQUISITION PROCEDURE


Land Acquisition Act (LAA) 1894 is the primary law governing land acquisition in
Pakistan. The rules and regulation of above law will be followed for the acquisition of
private land.
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It is envisaged that no private land acquisition will require for the project
implementation and contractors facilities set up. However temporary acquisition of
private land may require for borrowing material. If the contractor proposed different
locations of labour camp, batching plant etc and require any private land then he/she
need to follow the LAA 1894 to compensate the land owner.
Land valuation will be carried out with the help of district officer and agree with the
private land owner.
Cut of date will be announced at the day of compensation value agreed and signed
with land owner and authorities.
The compensation will be paid to the affectee(s) prior to possession of the land being
taken by the Government of Punjab.
7.15

RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN

The outline of the Risk Management Plan is provided in this section. The detailed and more
precise plan should be prepared and implemented by the contractors Project Manager. The
following Plan identify the possible hazards associated with the project activities,
consequences of the occurrence, probability of the occurrence and action to reduce the risk
to acceptable level i.e. low to medium.
Hazards

Consequences

Probability

of occurrence of
(Severity-

occurrence

L,M,H)

(L, M, H)

Risk

Action to Manage Residual

(L, M, H)

the Risk

Risk

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Hazards

Consequences

IEE Report

Probability

of occurrence of

Risk

Action to Manage Residual

(L, M, H)

the Risk

-Select the location L

Risk

(Severity-

occurrence

L,M,H)

(L, M, H)

Oil,

Contaminate

Chemical

land and control

of material storage

Spill

water bodies

yard away from the

(M)

water bodies
-Store material on
bunded area with
impermeable layer
-Good
housekeeping
-loading

and

unloading

of

material should be
manage

by

competent person
-spill kit should be
available

to

deal

with small spills

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Hazards

IEE Report

Consequences

Probability

of occurrence of

Breach

(Severity-

occurrence

L,M,H)

(L, M, H)

in Fatality

Cofferdam

or M

Risk

Action to Manage Residual

(L, M, H)

the Risk

-The

Risk

construction L

serious injury of

and maintenance of

the worker

cofferdam

Adversely

be

impact

on

should

mange

by a

competent person

aquatic life

-Findings of daily

(H)

inspection
be

should

recorded

and

analysis
-sand bags should
be available on site
to deal with small
damages

in

the

cofferdam
-monitor

river

quality

at

downstream of the
cofferdam

on

regular basis.
Adverse

Deteriorate

environment

natural

al

habitat

impacts of pond area

on Barrage
pond

(L)

-Implementation of L
the

control

measures

mitigate impact on

area

biological

to

resources

due

to

construction

-Select appropriate

activities

plant

and

equipment

and

enforce the speed


limit for site traffic
to

minimize

noise

and

the
dust

pollution

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Hazards

IEE Report

Consequences

Probability

of occurrence of
(Severity-

occurrence

L,M,H)

(L, M, H)

Failure

in Fatality

plant

& serious injury

equipment
e.g.

or M

Risk

Action to Manage Residual

(L, M, H)

the Risk

-Inspect

Risk

all

the L

equipment

(H)

including

lifting

lifting

chains & ropes at

gears etc

the start of the work


-A

competent

person

should

mange the work on


site.
Extended

Damage

the L

Pakpattan

and L

Canal

crop within the

Sadiqia Canals are

Closure

canal command

perennial

area

and close only for

(H)

canal

canals
cleaning

work. All the work


requires

canal

closure should be
arranged

during

available

canal

closure

time.

require

If
use

cofferdam

or

construct
temporary

bypass

arrangement
continue
water

to
canal

supply

as

routine.

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Hazards

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Consequences

Probability

of occurrence of
(Severity-

occurrence

L,M,H)

(L, M, H)

Batching

Deteriorate

plant

ambient

Risk

Action to Manage Residual

(L, M, H)

the Risk

-Select

air

Risk

batching L

plant location away

quality

from the living area

(M)

or construct zero
emission plant
-should not operate
outside

working

hours i.e. night time


or early morning
-All

the

workers

working at the plant


should wear proper
PPE

(breathing

masks, gloves, eye


protection etc)
Smoke from Cause
Burning

-Provide

smoke L

suffocation and

free fuel at labour

diseases

camp

respiratory tract

-Cutting

(H)

burning

and
of

trees

shall be prohibited
Road

Casualty,

accidents

serious

due

M
injury,

to damage

to

-prepared
implement

and L
Traffic

Management Plan

construction

infrastructure

as

work

(H)

EIA.

suggested

in

activities

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Consequences

Probability

of occurrence of
(Severity-

occurrence

L,M,H)

(L, M, H)

Adverse

Extra burden on M

Social

existing welfare

impacts due facilities.


to migrating Can

Cause

Risk

Action to Manage Residual

(L, M, H)

the Risk

Improve

and L

increase

the

capacity

of

available

existing

Risk

labour from communicable

service to cope with

other part of diseases

the requirement of

the country

additional users.

(H)

Run

campaign

within

the

camp

and

labour
local

community to make
people aware of the
cause,

mode

transmission
consequences

of
and
of

communicable
diseases

e.g.

HIV/AIDS etc
L: Low;
7.16

M: Medium;

H: High

TRAINING MODULE

The training will be given to the different professional groups separately such as manager
level group, work supervisors, skilled/unskilled labour etc. The training will helps to insure
the Project worker understood and followed the IEE and EMP. A Trainging plan of 10
sessions which will be finalized before the commencement of the project is given below

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Training Plan
Trainee

Trainer

Contents

Schedule

Selected field staff of

EU Specialists;

Environmental and social

Before

PMO and Supervision

Environmentalist

aspects,

construction

Consultatnt

of

sensitivities of the project;

Supervision

Consultatnt

particularly

activities

Key finding of the EIA


Social and cultural values
of the area;
Leadership dynamics.

All site personnel


Contractor:
Managerial

staff,

Environmentalist

Environmental and social

Before

of

aspects,

during

Supervision

Consultant

engineers,

particularly

the

sensitivities of the project;

construction

Wildlife

stage

and

vegetation

Environment,

social,

related sensitivities of the

health

safety

project;

and

and

Key finding of the EIA;

staff.

Mitigation measures;

Consultants:
Managerial staff and

Contingency plan;

engineers

Community issues;
Social and cultural values
of the area

Construction crew

Environmentalist

EMMP;

Before

of

Waste disposal plan; HSE

during

plan

construction

Supervision

Consultant

and

Environmental
Officer

and

stage
of

Contractor
Drivers

Environmental
Officer

of

Contractor

HSE plan; Road safety;

Before

and

Road restrictions;

during

the

Vehicle restrictions;

construction

Defensive driving;
Waste disposal;
Social and cultural values
of the area.
Camp staff

Environmental
Officer
Contractor

of

HSE plan;

Before

and

Camp operation

during

the

Waste disposal

construction

Natural resource
conservation
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Trainer

Contents

Schedule

Housekeeping
Restoration team

Environmentalist

Waste disposal;

Before

of

Site restoration;

start of the

Leveling and restoration of

restoration

borrow area

activity

Supervision

Consultatnt

7.17

the

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COST

The cost provided in this section is based on the information available at up-dating feasibility
level, which may be amended at detail design stage.
7.17.1 Environmental Monitoring Cost
River water should be tested on quarterly basis at the barrage during barrage structure
repair, motorization for gate operating system and bela excavation activities. Samples
should be collected from upstream and downstream of the barrage during the construction
phase. The samples should be tested for all the parameters of WHO drinking water
standard, NEQS and FAO water quality standards. The approximate cost of monitoring of
river water quality, assuming 3 years of construction phase is Rs. 1,650,000.

Dissolve

Oxygen, pH and Electric Conductivity (EC) of the river water should be monitored on
monthly basis during construction phase.
Groundwater should be tested at quarterly basis. Testing is also required at the start of the
project before using the groundwater as a source of water supply. The samples should be
collected from all the sources of groundwater use by the contractor onsite i.e. hand pumps,
tubewell etc. The parameters need to be tested include WHO drinking water standard and
FAO agriculture standards. The approximate cost of monitoring the groundwater over 3
years of construction phase at quarterly basis (considering one source only) is Rs. 500,000.
Air quality should be monitored at quarterly basis and When required at work activities. The
parameters for air quality monitoring include but not limited to carbon monoxide, NOx, SOx
and particulate matter. The approximate cost of Ambient Air Monitoring over 3 years of
construction phase is Rs. 800,000. Noise should be monitored 3 times on each working day
at every noise producing activity. The approximate cost of the Noise monitoring is Rs.
50,000.
The approximate total cost of the monitoring of the physical environmental parameters is
Rs.3.0 million. The cost includes the man months of environmentalist for analyzing of the
results and report writing by an environmentalist.

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Environmentalist from the supervision consultant shall be monitored the ecological


environment of the area during the construction phase of the project on continous basis.
The required environmental monitoring is summarised below in table 7.2.

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Table 7.2

IEE Report

Environmental Monitoring Plan for the Construction Phase

Environmental
Quality

Air Quality

Dust Monitoring

Noise Monitoring

Parameters

Details of Location

At 40m radius of
Batching
Plant
(determine
the
dominate air direction
PM10,
CO, and
carry
out
CO2 NOx, SOx monitoring
at
downstream of air
flow), at LMB and
RMB
near
the
settlements
At Borrowing area
At the barrage
PM10
Labour camp
Along
Embankments
At the barrage
At Barrage Pond
area,
approximately 5m
Noise
from the working
site/machinery
At the borrowing
site (s)

Standards /
Guidelines

Frequency

Responsibility

Duration

USEPA, WHO

Quarterly basis

Contractor

Construction for
24 hours or one
full working day

USEPA, WHO

Quarterly
When required

Contractor

Full working day

3 times over 24 hour


Maximum
(morning, afternoon
allowable level and evening) at Contractor
Active
is 80dB
Construction site

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Environmental
Quality

Surface
Quality

Parameters

Details of Location

At
upstream
and
downstream of the
barrage / Work area
Full Suite of
and effluent from
contaminants
labour
camp
given in main
wastewater
before
Water report of EIA
discharge into the
(in ch. 4)
river or other water
body

Standards /
Guidelines

Frequency

Responsibility

Duration

NEQS &
WAPDA
Irrigation
Standards

Quarterly Basis

Contractor

Monthly Basis

Contractor

Contractor

NEQS
At
upstream
and
DO, EC, pH
WAPDA
downstream of the
and TDS
Irrigation
Barrage / work area
Standards

Groundwater

&

Groundwater
All the groundwater
(Suite
of
WHO drinking
extraction points use
Quarterly Basis
Contaminants
water standard
by the contractor
given in EIA)

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7.17.2 Environmental Audit Cost


Environmental Audit should be carried out on annual basis and at the completion of the
project by an independent consultant. The approximate cost of this item is 900,000.

7.17.3 Training Cost


Training is considered to be an important part of environment awareness and all site
management and work supervisors should undertake periodic training.
The Contractor will arrange to run a proper campaign among the workers to make people
aware of the causes, mode of transmission and consequences of HIV/AIDS.
Contractor will arrange briefing given to all workers regarding the biological resources and
wetland area. It should be cleared to the worker that unnecessary and out of bound activities
/ movements are strictly prohibited in the barrage pond area. All forest and fisheries laws
should be explained to the workers.
The approximate cost of training the site staff is Rs. 500,000. The cost includes 10 sessions
of environment awareness course each cost Rs. 50,000.

7.17.3 Cost of Implementation of Emergency Plan


The emergency plan will be prepared and presented in the final EIA report. The plan will be
prepared to address any emergency conditions occur due to encounter unexpected flood,
breach in cofferdam or accidental spill of oil or chemical. The approximate cost of dealing
with unforeseen circumstances during construction phase is half a million rupees.
7.17.4 Special Waste Disposal Cost
It is contractors contractual obligation to dispose of the domestic waste generated on site
during 3 years of construction phase at his own cost. This shall include collection and
provision and maintainance of temparory waste storage area on site.
Specialize contractor should be hired to dispose of the special waste i.e. cement bags,
clinical waste, electric batteries etc. The approximate cost of the disposal of special waste is
Rs. 500,000.
7.17.5 Water & Wastewater Effluent Testing Cost
It will be one of Contractors contractual obligations to arrange the supply of running drinking
water at appropriate pressure to the site workers. The access of the drinking water should be
available to every site worker. The cost of this item is included in the contractors contractual
obligations. Water sample should be collected and tested on quarterly basis to confirm its
suitability for drinking purpose. The approximate cost of water testing is Rs. 250,000.
It is proposed to treat the domestic wastewater generated from the labour camp, which
should be collected with provision of underground sewer system and three chambers Septic
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Tank connected in series. The capacity of each chamber should have minimum one day
waste water discharge from the site facilities. The cost of this item is included in the
contractors contractual obligations.
If collected wastewater from site setup i.e. Batching Plant, contractors camp, effluent
collected from waste storage area etc are discharge into the river then it should be tested for
NEQS standard and confirmed the levels of the contaminates are within the acceptable
level. The allocated cost for this testing is Rs. 250,000.
7.17.6 Site Visits by Authorities & Regulators
Inspections by stakeholder and concern bodies for example WWF, Wildlife, Forest or Fishery
Officers etc should be facilitated on site to ensure them the implementation of relevant laws.
The approximate cost of this item is Rs. 500,000.

7.17.7 Traffic Management Cost


The Traffic Management Plan will be prepared by the contractor to manage the site traffic
and public traffic during construction phase of the project to minimise the interruption in the
flow of traffic and its impact on the environment. The approximate cost allocated for this item
is 1 million rupees.

7.17.8 Public Parks


The improvement in existing Public Park, consist on approximately 104 acres is also
included in the scope of work of this project. This will raise the aesthetic value and
biodiversity of the area. The scope of work includes plantation of woody, fruit and flower
plants, install children fun rides and Construct new canteen and restaurant area. The
approximate cost of this item is 10.0 million rupees.
7.17.9 Restoration Cost
The area being under the use of contractor during construction phase should be restored at
the completion of the project to the original level without any additional cost by the
contractor.

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Table 7.3

Environment & Management Cost

Activity

Cost (millionRs)

Environment Monitoring Cost

3.0

Training Cost

0.5

Environmental Audit Cost

0.9

Emergency Plan

0.5

Special Waste Disposal Cost

0.5

Water & Wastewater Effluent Testing


Cost

0.5

Site Visits by Regulators & Authorities

0.5

Traffic Management Cost

1.0

Public Park Rehabilitation

10.0

Total

17.4

The above cost will be borne by the Contract as per the contract provision.
Contractors Obligation
The following conditions should be included in the Tender Document followed by the
Contract Document as essential clauses:
Clause regarding disposal of waste construction material
The Contractor shall in consultation with the supervising consultant and with the approval of
Supervision Consultant of the Project, select and abide by the selection, a site for disposal of
waste construction material as well as the material used for construction of coffer dam.
Contravention to this clause may tantamount to contravention to contract and the Contractor
will be responsible of removing the material dumped on a wrong site, at his own expense as
early as possible. In case of delay, the contractor will pay a fine, suggested by the
supervision consultant, for his negligence.
Clause

regarding

adjustment

with

unstable

locations

appearing

during

construction especially the foundation


In case an unstable location appears during construction, especially the foundation, the
contractor shall immediately inform the Supervision Consultant expressly providing full
technical details about the problem. The Supervision Consultant will inspect the site;
preferably the same day the report is received and will, if necessary, agree to make
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modifications and changes in the design to stabilize the situation such as change in the
depth of foundation. Contractor will not make any changes in the specification without
express approval of Supervision Consultant. Contravention to this provision will mean
unauthorized construction carried out for which RE will issue dismantling orders.
Clause regarding Location of Labour Camps, Material

Dumps / Depots,

Equipment and Machinery Yards, approach roads and routes


Irrigation and Power Department land is available for location of Labour Camps, Material
Depots, Equipment and Machinery Yard, link roads or other activities related to these
matters and proposed sites have been shown on the environment baseline map. The
Contractor will choose particular sites within the overall campus with the consultation with
Supervision Consultant and PMO. If the Contractor chooses to locate his facilities on a
private land, he will himself be responsible for any compensation, resettlement or
rehabilitation process and costs and Supervision Consultant or Irrigation and Power
Department shall not be involved in acquiring or using the land in making any payments for
doing so. If the contractor selects different location for the Batching Plant, Labour Camp,
borrowing area etc then the contractor will develop base line data for the new location on his
own cost and resources.
Clause regarding Rehabilitation of Construction and Extraction Sites
The Contractor shall carry out construction work exactly on the same site and according to
the same design as provided in the Tender Documents. Also the camps site, the material
depot, the machinery and equipment yard, link roads, borrow areas and coffer dam shall,
after the completion of construction, be restored and rehabilitated and brought to at least the
same condition, in which these were handed over to the contract. A set of Plategraphs and a
video tape film shall be prepared to show the pre-construction sites and post construction
rehabilitated sites.
Clause Regarding Drainage, Paths, Roads, Linear Fixtures Crossed/Damaged By
Machinery Moving to and From the Construction Sites
During the construction, if the Contractors vehicles moving to and from the construction
site(s) cause any damage or disruption of services pertaining to drainage systems, paths,
roads linear fixtures e.g., transmission lines and fences, the Contractor shall get the damage
repaired and services restored within the shortest possible time of the damage, failing which
the Supervision Consultant will get an assessment of the damage and losses and debit that
amount to Contractors account and the next payment shall be made to Contractor after
deducting the debited amount.
Clause Regarding Earthen Embankments or Concrete Work Vicinity Scouring on
The Protection Bunds or on the Main Sill Structure

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All such spots where there is a possibility of scouring of earthen embankments or concrete
work edge as mentioned in the Tender Document and quality included in this Construction
Contract, the Contractor shall protect by protection walls and stone rip-rap work, failing
which the payment of the Contractor shall be with-held.
Clause regarding discharge spill or dumping on any building, House, graveyard,
archaeological site (established or newly Found), unstable slopes, un-compacted
embankment or leaking into construction area
The Contractor shall be contractually bound to not to allow or cause discharge spill or
dumping on any building house, graveyard, archaeological site (established or newly found),
unstable slopes, un-compacted embankment or leakage of material/waste into the
construction area. Any such failure shall be duly noted by Supervision Consultant during site
inspections and contractor shall immediately remedy the situation failing which the payment
of the contractor shall be with-held and the damage so caused shall be debited to
contractors account under the contractual provisions.
Clause regarding Diesel and other fluids spilling over to River water from
Construction Machinery
The Contractor shall ensure that his construction machinery is always in first class working
order and no spilling of Diesel or any other fluids into the River, is caused by the defective
machinery of the Contractor. For any such spill the Contractor shall pay the environmental
compensation to be assessed by Supervision Consultant and the said amount shall be
debited towards the payment of the Contractor.
Clause Regarding Protection of Construction Work From Floods
The Contractor shall, throughout the construction work, manage to keep an eye on the flood
position of the barrage and shall remain in touch with Flood Control Centre and remain
equipped with means and equipment for taking protective measures to protect the works
under construction. Irrigation and Power Department shall not be responsible for any
damage caused by floods and any works washed away shall be reconstructed by the
Contractor at his own cost within the tenure of the contract.
Clause regarding providing proper diversion of water from downstream
The Contractor shall, in consultation with Supervision Consultant provide proper diversion to
water flowing downstream and by requesting the Barrage Management opening and closing
the main barrage gates and by collaboration with local communities especially the
Fishermen community as per SFA and preparing them for any such diversions or closures.
Losses caused to construction work due poor or mismanaged river flow diversion shall be
considered as negligence on the part of contractor any damages or losses caused due to
this negligence shall be borne by the contractor.

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Clause regarding control on air quality by not allowing Machinery to cause dust,

smoke or noise pollution


The Contractor shall not cause deterioration of air quality by using old or ill maintained
machinery which raise excessive dust, produce excessive smoke or cause excessive noise
pollution. The Contractor shall follow strict standards of maintenance of machinery, provide
qualified and trained drivers and operations for the vehicles. The Contractor shall also
sprinkle water on kacha roads to be used as link roads, and sites where the earth is to be
dumped. The Contractor shall provide protective masks to his work force. Failure to do so
shall be taken as serious contravention of the contract and shall cause the payment to be
deferred till the correction of the situation.
Clause regarding control of dust or other pollutants from Stored materials,
material depots or spoil heaps
The Contractor shall:(a)

locate his material depots and spoil dump as far away from the villages/community
Deras as possible.

(b)

keep all such materials covered for effective control of the fugitive dust.

Failing to do the Contractor will bear the cost which may have to be incurred on arranging
remedy to defaults.
Clause regarding use of outdated machinery
The Contractor shall obtain a certificate from Vehicle Examiner working under the
Supervision Consultant but paid by the Contractor, that all the machinery employed is either
new or in first class fitness condition so as not to cause smoke or oil leakages. Supervision
Consultant will not allow the use of any outdated machinery.
Clause to Protect the Biological Resources
The Contract will ensure that:a) Unnecessary and out of bound activities/movements are not done outside the
campus allotted to him for setting-up the labour camp, material depots and
machinery yard etc.
b) No fire arms are carried by any of the employees or labour.
c) All Forest, Wildlife and Fisheries Laws are fully respected and abided by the
Contractor and his work force.
d) The Biodiversity is respected and saved on its terrestrial, aquatic and aerial habitats.
e) Necessary sign boards indicating boundaries of the barrage pond area are displayed
to make labour, visitors and members of public to remind them of their obligations
towards Biota.
f)

Inspections by Wildlife, Forest and Fisheries Officers are facilitated in camps to


facilitate a proper implementation of relevant Laws.
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g) Communities are given awareness and are involved in proper protection of the Biota
inside and around the Project site.

Clause regarding respect for Socio-economic and Cultural Values and heritage
The Contractor shall be bound to:(a)

Ensure that no damage or disruption is caused to the social infrastructure or public


services being provided to the people e.g., education, health, electricity supply,
drinking water supply facilities for public gathering or religious congregations.

(b)

Ensure the Contractor or his employees remain above the local Tribal tensions
especially the disputes over distribution of canal water and use of aquatic life.

(c)

Ensure that existing ownership of land around the Project is respected.

(d)

Ensure that if some construction material has to be procured from or through a


member of local community, it must be by a proper Social Framework Agreement
signed by all the parties.

e)

Ensure that no damage or adverse effect is caused to archaeological sites (in case
find on site) graveyards and burial places.
Clause regarding Public Safety, Health and Safety at Construct Site, including
measures against HIV/AID and Life insurance.

The Contractor shall:a. Put up temporary but prominent sign boards in all of the project activity area warning
people against likely hazards which can be caused due to certain activities. (Also to
be reflected in SFA).
b. Arrange to run a proper campaign in the labour camp, to make people aware of the
causes, mode of transmission and consequences of HIV/AIDS.
c. Strengthen the existing Basic Health Unit (BHU) for the benefit of the labour as well
as the surrounding villages.
d. Ensure proper cleanliness and hygienic conditions at labour camps by ensuring a
clean mess, proper drainage and suitable disposal of solid waste. Inoculation against
Cholera will be arranged at intervals as recommended by Health Department.
e. Keep all the camps, offices, material depots, machinery yards and work site open for
the inspection of health and safety measures, and related documents and include in
the contract document the text regarding accessibility to the camps etc.
f. Provide proper overall, helmet and field boots and earplugs to work as a precaution
against any mishap, and interlink various parts of the construction complex with local
wireless telephones also fitted the vehicles.
g. Provide a group insurance cover to the workers and labour on study on site or in the
camp, against accidents, mishaps or loss of life on duty.
Clause regarding employment of Locals in the construction work
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The Contractor as an obligation of the Contract will employ, subject to availability and work
ability, maximum number of local labour for construction work.
Clause regarding impact due to material and waste left behind when construction
or dismantling Cofferdam(s)
A careful planning of construction and dismantling is the Contractors contractual obligation.
It is his further obligation to remove all left over material and construction waste. The
contractor shall ensure that turbidity / dissolved oxygen will not exceed from the acceptable
levels during construction or dismantling of cofferdam(s). Contractor will consult with the
environmentalist from the supervising consultant to get approval of the process of
constructing / dismantling of cofferdam(s). It is also obligation of the contractor to remove at
least 70% of the cofferdam construction. Furthermore, all removable sheet piles, if any, will
be completely removed or at least underwater cut at river bed level after completing the
construction activities. Failure to complete the task will liable the contractor to deduct total
cost of the sheet pile left, as well as the cost of the construction of cofferdam left behind
lesser than 70%. Disposal site(s) for the dismantled cofferdam(s) will be finalized by RE and
EU.
7.18

CONCLUSION

The potential impacts of the project are associated with only the construction phase of the
project and all of these impacts are temporary and reversible in nature. These impacts can
be mitigated through the proper implementation of the EMP. Therefore it is concluded that
the project is environmentally friendly, financially viable, economically sustainable,
genderally neutral and pro-poverty alleviation.

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Figure 7.1

Proposed Traffic Management Map

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CHAPTER 8:
8.1

PUBLIC CONSULTATION

GENERAL

Timely and broad-based stakeholder involvement is an essential element for an effective


environmental assessment, as it is linked with Project Planning, appraisal and development
in general. Public involvement during Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) have a
tendency to improve project design environmental soundness and social acceptability.
Contrary, IEEs that fail to be inclusive lean to have less influence over planning and
implementation and resulted in high environmental and social cost. Considering more
stakeholder involvement in IEE process resulted in improving the quality of the
environmental assessment (EA). This is due to the prediction of the impacts using IEE often
requires many years information and good quality base line data. Environmental
Assessment that involves broad-base stakeholder consultation have greater potential to
assess wider information resource-base and generation of accumulating knowledge of the
local environment.
8.2

LEGAL REQUIREMENT FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION

According to the IEE and EIA Review Regulations 2000, public consultation is mandatory for
IEE study. It is also mandatory for the projects classified as category B project and AOI
include environmental sensitive area under the ADB Environment Policy.
8.3

CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY

8.3.1
Stakeholder Identification
They are grouped into the following main categories
i.

Local Communities

ii.

Government & Local Government Bodies

iii.

Civil Societies

iv.

Private Sector Bodies

The groups or institutions identified as stakeholder under each category are listed below
I.

Local Communities
a) Local labour (landless)
b) Farmers of all land holding categories
c) Fishing communities
d) Female-head household
e) Small business owner

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II.

IEE Report

Government

There can be many departments who can be indirectly related to the project but those who
have high relevance include;
a) Punjab Irrigation Department (including both top and low ranked officers
and staff)
b) Punjab Forest Department, Wildlife, Fisheries Department
c) EPA
III.

Civil Society Institution that may have relevance to the Project includes various
NGOs working in the construction and social development

IV.

Private sector bodies can be commercial e.g. plantation manager, fishing contractors
etc

8.3.2
Consultation Process and Technology
Public Consultation has been conducted in two phase once during the early stage,
reconnaissance survey and once during the preparation of IEE. Consultation with
stakeholder will also be carried out throughout the Project cycle and by different member of
the team at different stages of the study. Consultation process includes focus group
discussion, village meetings and semi-structured interviews and one to one meeting or
interviewed in the case of government, private and civil society institutions. During the
consultation process, the stakeholders was briefed about the project objectives and scope.
Their fears and suggestions was recorded. Women consultations was undertaken, under
Gender analysis and explained about the benefits of the project.
All meetings and discussion were held during day time on working days to ensure the
availability and participation of the group/individual being consultant. The consultation is
sensitive to the local language and cultural needs and wherever expatriate staff is involved
local interpreters will be used, as the staff observed local norms.
Local community and Wildlife and Fishry department has been consulted under phase I
public consultation and their point of view and information provided are included in this
study. The details of the consultations are summarized in Table-8.2.
8.4
1

OBJECTIVES ACHIEVED WITH THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION


Eliminate the scare that the canals will remain closed outside the routine closure period
during the construction period. It was clarified that due measures will be taken that
canals would run as per usual program and canal closure will take place only under the
notified canal closure program as follow.

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Name of Canal

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Status of Canal

Periods when canal would


close

Pakpattan Canal

Perennial

31-Dec to 16-Jan

Fordwah Canal

Non-Perennial

15 Oct to 15 April

Sadiqia Canal

Perennial

31-Dec to 16-Jan

No change would ordinarily be made in existing capacity of canals during construction


phase, so no impact is anticipated on the canal command area. It was

explained

that project aimed at rehabilitating the Sulemanki Barrage and increase the capacity of
the barrage by strengthening embankments, Barrage structure and

dredging the silt

within the pond area of the barrage. The local community was informed about the
surface water quality and the water quality of the existing hand pump is not fit for
drinking purpose without any treatment as identified in the baseline study.
3

Eliminate the fears that the large number of workers and labour will be brought by the
contractor from outside the project area and ensure them that an opportunity of
employment generated by the project shall be availed by the people of the area.

It was clarified that no access roads or public paths damage or alter for the contractor(s)
activities i.e. labour camp, material depot, machinery yard etc.

It has been ensured to the local community that maximum employment will be offered to the
local labour/workers.
i.

Fishermen of the community believe that the construction activities would not put
adverse effects on fishing industry as most of the Project activities schedule within
half kilometer of upstream and downstream of the barrage structure which is a
prohibited area for fishing. However the strengthening of the embankments work will
raise the noise level of the surrounding area and could effect the fishing activities
next to the embankments.

ii.

Question was passed by the community that presence of some 1000 male members
of labour from general locality of project will not only restrict the chances of women
employment, but also cause moral and social problems for the free movement of
local women folk in the area. It was clarified that strict discipline would be exercised
on the labour force by providing stringent clauses in the contract document. To cut
out the possibility of any moral issues or Communicable diseases spread, a well
organized campaign shall be run.

iii.

Road and kacha paths within the project areas would expose to the heavy traffic due
to Project activities. This could raise the road accident and deterioration rate of the
roads. It was clarified that due sinology and traffic management plan would be put
into operation to minimize the impacts.

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iv.

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With arrival of about 1000 additional persons, the price of accommodation in project
area and Sulemanki Barrage markets would go up, and price index would go
unfriendly for the local villagers. It was clarified that a Labour Camp will be
constructed to accommodate for workers. It was also explained to the local
community by some trade oriented people that instead of rise in price those would fall
because larger market activities reduce the profit margin and price. More economical
activities and better employment opportunities will be available for local community
due to the rehabilitation of the barrage. This will help in lowering the poverty line in
the area.

The following points came up in open acceptance of the project.


a) Greater employment opportunity was most welcome.
b) Greater economic activity will alleviate poverty.
c) Sulemanki barrage will be saved and given longer base of life and thus the
dependent agriculture.
d) Present level of services i.e. electricity, communication, schooling, water
supply etc. is likely to improve.
e) Wildlife Public Parks will attract visitors and tourism in the area and put
positive effects on the local economy.
8.5

CONSULTATION AND DISCUSSION DURING IMPLEMENTATION

8.5.1
Public Hearing
This public hearing paragraph is a dummy to indicate the type of text required in the report.
This will be replaced by actual text when EPA Punjab holds hearing. The public hearings will
provide a forum for the post submission consultation on the EIA. The Punjab EPA within 10
days of the submission of the EIA will publish a public notice in any English or Urdu national
newspaper and in a local news paper for general circulation of the area affected by the
project.
The EPA will fix the date (not be earlier than 30 days from the date of publication of the
public notice) and venue for the public hearing.
The circulation of the EIA report, gathering of comments on the EIA and ensuring public
participation during public hearing will be the responsibilities of the Punjab EPA. The public
hearing will preferably be held at the town/city nearest to the project area with representative
from the government agencies, academic and prominent NGOs attending.
During the project implementation the consultation of the local community will occur at many
forum by different members of the project. These consultations will be done during
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construction & operational phase of the project, for capacity building and implementing
agricultural extension. These consultations will be provided the forum continuously gathering
concerns of the local communities during project implementation.
A Social Frame Work Agreement (SFA) will be signed through mutual open consent
between the local village leaders and designated official of PID. An outline of SFA is given
below.
8.5.2

Epa Approval

The EIA report duly reconciled with PMO has been submitted to EPA Punjab for obtaining
No Objection Certificate (NOC). A cheque of Rs. 30,000.00 has been also deposited along
with the report by the consultant to EPA through PMO for conducting a Public Hearing. The
approval from EPA (NOC-No Objection Certificate) for the Project is mandatory requirement
before its commencement.
Social Framework Agreement
1. This is a Draft Social Framework Agreement between an official representing the
Irrigation and Power Department (I&P Department), Government of Punjab and the
villagers Committee, whose names have been inscribed below in their presence and
full consent.
Sr. No.
of
Village
1.

Village

Name (Two from each


Village)

Fathers Name
1.
2.

2.

1.
2.

3.

1.
2.

4.

1.
2.

5.

1.

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2.
6.

1.
2.

7.

1.
2.

8.

1.
2.

9.

1.
2.

2. We the committee of village leader/elders have agreed unanimously to nominate


_______________________ S/O ______________________ as our Chairman and
authorize him to enter into an SFA with PID on our behalf. We understand and
pledge that this SFA will be a binding on us and PID throughout the currency of the
construction work as well as the operational phase.
Signatures or Thumb Impression (TI) of the Chairman and the Members of the Villagers
Committee.
Sr.
No.

Name

Signatures/TI

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

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8
9
10

3. By mutual consent it is agreed that PID


i)

Shall not occupy any agriculture land or acquire any other land during the
construction of the project.

ii) Shall not cause any damage or reduction in the water supply in the canals during
the construction period of the project, except in case of force majeure e.g. high
floods, strong storms or any other act of God
iii) Shall not cause any disturbance to the wildlife, wetland, archeological heritage or
a place of worship
iv) Shall not interfere in the social political or tribal balance of the area.
v) Shall wherever possible, facilitate better services and supplies to the area e.g.
schooling, health, awareness on epidemic and communicable diseases,
electricity and road/rail communication.

4. Also, by mutual consent it is agreed that all the villagers residing in the area
influencing project (name of the villages listed in para 1 above), collectively and
severally:
i)

Shall not interfere in the location of labour camps, material depots, equipment
yards and all the approach roads to be used during project construction phase,
all of which will be located on the lands of I&P department

ii)

Shall not interfere if the I&P department decides to shift the construction of
works elsewhere on a more suitable site as long as the activity remains on I&P
departments own land

iii) Shall not receive any discharge of water slurry or oil spills to any graveyard or
archaeological site
iv) Shall not cause any damage to wildlife or forest resources of any wildlife reserve
and no villagers will be involved in killing, poaching or illegal hunting

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v) Shall not allow reduction or official interference in our existing services and
facilities e.g. education, health, electricity, water supply, religious and social
congregations
vi) Agree that in case the contractor wishes to obtain some material from the private
lands or wishes to make use of any piece of land outside the PID land that would
invoke a new agreement between the villagers and the contractor and I&P
department or Govt. of the Punjab shall not be involved in that in any way
vii) Agree to respect and observe the cautions on the sign boards displayed by
project authorities and shall not remove or cause to be removed any signboards
or installations put up by I&P or their representatives

(Add more conditions if required as per the prevailing circumstances).

This SFA has been signed this ________________ day of ______________, at __________

Signatures

Signatures

Resident Engineer

Chairman Villagers Committee

(Full name and address)

(Name and Address)

Counter signed

Signature
Designated Official of PID
(full name and address)

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8.6

IEE Report

Grievance Redress Mechanism

This section describes mechanism to receive and facilitate the resolution of local community
concerns and grievances. This explains the procedures and process of entering the
complaints of affected people and accordingly their redressal mechanism. The local
community will be fully informed of their rights and of the procedures for addressing
complaints whether verbally or in writing during a continuous consultations process during
the project implementation. It is preferred that local community will need to enter their
complaints / concerns on a Grievance Redress Register (GRR) consisting the minimum
information of name and address of complainer(s), description of complaint(s), action taken,
status of resolution of complaints and other necessary information / record and also record
the reasons if issue(s) remain un-settled.
All relevant efforts will be made to avoid or minimize the extent of grievances prior to treat
under the redress process. This can be obtained through the regular consultations and
implementation of the EMP, ensuring full participation of the community and coordination
between the community, the PMO and other concerned Departments.
The GRC will include the following members:
GRC Composition
i). Concerned Executive Engineer/ DD (PID) - Convener
ii). DD (Environment) - Member
iii). Environmentalist from the Supervision Consultant - Member
iv). Representative of the community - Member
To minimize the discomfort of the people, the GRC will be available at grass-root level to the
local community. The PIU will be responsible to inform the DPs/ local community about the
process and procedures of GR mechanism by pasting the information at prominent places.
The complaints will be registered by maintaining a Grievance Redress Register (GRR),
where the name & address of complainer, date, description of complaint and action taken
will be entered.
Similarly, the issues/ community concerns relating to the land will be addressed through the
Revenue Department and or can also be referred to GRC, while issues other than land will
be directly redressed by the PIU at field level (District) and can also be placed with GRC. If
issues are still unsettled, will be forwarded to the PD (PMO) and finally consult an
appropriate court of law.

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8.6.1 Grievance Redress Process


The process of grievance redress is discussed through as below:
i). First, complaint resolution will be attempted at site (field level) by the PIU or informal

committee;
ii). If the issue still unsettled, a grievance can then be lodged to the GRC who will have

14 days to decide the case/ issue.


iii). If no solution reached, the grievance can be forwarded to the Project Director (PMO).

Affected person must lodge the complaint within one month of lodging the original
complaint with the GRC, and must produce documents supporting his/ her claim. The
PD (PMO) will provide the decision within 3 weeks after registering a complaint.
iv). In case, the grievance redress system does not satisfy the affected people or

community, then they can pursue further by submitting their case to the appropriate
court of law in accordance with the Section 18 to 22 of the LAA 1894.

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Table 8.2: Public Consultation


Sr. No

Meeting Place

Date

Participants

Main Concern

Replies

The benefits from the project to the Protection from flood, Leakage of
local community

water through the gates will be

Arriving of possibly 1000 labour minimize and so there will be more


from other part of the country may water in canals
adversely impact the social life and Job
At the Barrage
1

(in the restaurant 11/7/09


area)

Local

residence

of

about 10 persons

opportunities

to

the

local

the local women movement in the community


area
It was clarified that strict discipline
would be exercised on the labour
force to restrict the possibility of
any moral issues or spread of
communicable diseases.
Wildlife habitat adversely impacted It has been ensured to the local

Staff
2

Local

Fishing

Department office

11/7/09

from

Fishing

department

and

fishing
about
attended

contractors
8

persons

due to the construction activities and community


illegally fishing by the outside labour

that

maximum

employment will be offered to the


local community
All fishing, wildlife and forest laws
are fully respected and abide by the
contractor and his work force
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Wildlife

District

Department

Wildlife

Office

at 11/7/09

Officer
Okara

and

Wildlife habitat adversely impacted It was explained that all the wildlife,
due to the construction activities

implemented

his office staff

Suleimanki

Ahsan Bela - PIAIP

Barrage

Consultant

forestry & fishry laws


on

site

will be
to

avoid

adversely affecting the wildlife and


flora of the area
Extra burden on existing services It was explained that due sinology
e.g.

health

facility,

electricity etc

education, and traffic management plan would


be put into operation to minimise

Worries were expressed by the local the disruption of traffic. Regular


community regarding the extended spraying

of

water

would

be

canal closure during construction undertaken to minimize the dust


phase.

pollution.

Chak Abdalka

Local villagers and Projects heavy traffic may damage It was clarified that due measures

Union

farmers

Jhindhka

Council 16/11/09

persons

about

10 the roads and kacha paths of the will be taken that canal will run as
area

per usual programme with no effect


on the discharge volume and will

Possible impact of water logging close only during routine annual


due to alteration in water level in closure
result of project activities
It was explained that there will be
no change in pond
therefore

inundation

water level,
or

water

logging will not be the issue due to

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implementation of the project


Construction

activities

may No tree uprooting is anticipated for

deteriorate the wildlife habitat.

the implementation of the project,


however if it requires five new

Vegetation clearing or tree uprooting plants will be planted near the work
may cause adverse impact on the area for every one tree uprooted for
wildlife.
Head
5

Office

Wildlife
Departmen

at

the execution of the project. The


existing

Dypty Director Naim


19/02/10

Lahore

improved

Bahti

Public
by

Park
planting

will

be

different

species of plant. This will enhance

Enviornment Team -

the bio-diversity of the area.

PIAIP Consultant

It was ensured that the wildlife,


Forestry & fishery rules & laws will
be implemented during construction
and

operational

phase

of

the

project to minimize the adverse


impacts on the ecology of the area.

IUCN
Islamabad

Office

27/2/12

Muhammad Akhtar
Cheema IUCN
(Manager Islamabad
Office)
Asim Mahmood
ADB
Dr. Ashraf Bodla and

It was informed that IUCN is not

Project

was

briefed

to

the

doing great deal of work in Punjab attendees


Province. However the importance
of

wetland

in

the

emphasized by IUCN.

socity

was A request for the information or


studies has been submitted through
an e-mail by Mr. Ahsan Bela on

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Ahsan Bela PIAIP


Consultant

It was requested to submit a formal 3/3/2012.


request in writing for the access to
any study conducted by IUCN in this
part of the area.

Dr. Ghulam Akbar


WWF (Senior
Director / National
Program Manager)

WWF
Islamabad

Office

27/2/12

Dr. Ejaz Ahmad


WWF (Deputy
Director General)
Asim Mahmood
ADB

WWF is running a wetland research Project was


program.
attendees
It was informed that the barrage
pond area has been studied by
WWF. The importance of the
wetland and its protection was
emphasized. it was requested to
submit a formal request in writing to
obtain the study conducted by
WWF.

briefed

to

the

A request for the information or


studies has been submitted through
an e-mail by Mr. Ahsan Bela on
3/3/2012.

Further meetings with the relevant


Dr. Ashraf Bodla and staff of WWF based in Lahore office
were suggested. mit a formal
Ahsan Bela PIAIP
request in writing for the access to
Consultant
any study conducted by WWF in this
part of the area.

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The importance of strengthening the


Environmental Monitoring Plan EMP Project was briefed to the
was highlighted.
attendees

WWF

Office

Lahore

8/3/12

Najam Ul Huda Khan


WWF (Coordinator
Wetland Survey
Program)

Mr. Najam Ul Huda agreed to


provide the environmental studies EMP revised in the light of Mr.
conducted in the area by WWF
Najams suggestions
through e-mail to other parties of the
It was ensured that the wildlife,
project.
Dr. Ashraf Bodla and
Forestry & Fishery rules and laws
Ahsan Bela PIAIP
It was Suggested that projects will be implemented in all stages of
Consultant
impacts on ecological environment the project to minimize the adverse
of the area should be monitored by impacts on the ecology of the area.
third party preferable WWF during
construction phase of the project.
Ali Hassan Habib
WWF (Director
General)

WWF
Lahore

Office

Dr. Ejaz Ahmed


WWF (Deputy
Director General)
13/3/12

Uzma Khan WWF


(Director Biodiversity)

Project with the reduced scope of


work was briefed to the attendees
WWF contribution in protecting
Pakistans
Wetlands
was
highlighted.
It was ensured that the project with
The project components and there reduced scope of work would not
likely impacts were discussed. have any significant adverse
Concern about the impacts of the environmental impact on the area.
project with the new scope of work.

Asim Mahmood
ADB

There will be no adverse social


WWF shows there interest to get
involve in the project to carryout impact. Infact project will provide
Ahsan Bela PIAIP further work in this region. It was job opportunity for the locals and
recogniozed that the environment of improve
the
socio-economic
Consultant
the area can be improved in order to

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attract tourist and provide picnic


spot for the local population.

conditions of the area.

WWF proposed to construct an


information center at the barrage PIAIP consultant will provide the
which could help to raise the
awareness of local and its protection EIA report to WWF once is
among the visitors and local finalized.
community.
WWF was agreed to provide the
studies for incorporating in the EIA
report as secondary data.
It was requested to provide the EIA
report on completion by WWF.

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Appendices

SuleimankiBarrage

IEE Report

APPENDIX-2.1
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
STANDARDS

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Appendix 2.1
National Environemntal Quality Standards
Determinant

Limit

Temperature

40 deg Centigrade

pH

6 and <10 pH

BOD

80 mg/l

Chemcial Oxygen Demand (COD)

150 mg/l

Total Suspended Solid (TSS)

200 mg/l

Total Dissolved solids

3500 mg/l

Grease and Oil

10 mg/l

An-ionic detergents (as MBAS)

20 mg/l

Ammonia

40 mg/l

Chlorine

1.00 mg/l

Chloride

1000 mg/l

Sulphate

600 mg/l

Manganese (Mn)

1.50 mg/l

Chromium (Cr)

1.00 mg/l

Copper (Cu)

1.00 mg/l

Lead (Pb)

0.50 mg/l

Mercury (Hg)

0.01 mg/l

Selenium (Se)

0.50 mg/l

Nickel (Ni)

1.00 mg/l

Silver (Ag)

1.00 mg/l

Zinc (Zn)

5.00 mg/l

Barium (Ba)

1.50 mg/l

Iron (Fe)

8.00 mg/l

Chlorine

1.00 mg/l

Phenol Compounds

0.1mg/l

Cyanide (Cn)

1.0mg/l

Cadmium (Cd)

0.1mg/l

Arsenic (As)

1.0mg/l

Total Toxic Metal

2.0mg/l

Boron

6.00mg/l

NESPAK-ABB-DMC

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APPENDIX-3.1
CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

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APPENDIX-4.1
SAMPLING PROCEDURE AND TEST RESULTS

SuleimankiBarrage

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Monitoring Report
Environmental Assessment at Sulemanki Barrage

SuleimankiBarrage

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List of Contents
1.

Introduction
1.1. Sampling Location
1.2. Study Objectives
1.3. Scope of Services
1.3.1. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
1.3.2. Noise Level Monitoring
1.3.3. Water Sampling
1 . 3 . 3 . 1 A n a l ys i s P a r a m e t e r s :

1.4. Work Plan

2.

Methodology
2.1. Ambient Air Quality
2.1.1. Sampling and Analysis of Particulate Matter

2.2. Meteorological Conditions


2.3. Noise Level Monitoring
2.4. Sampling of Ground and Surface Water
2.4.1. Sample Preservation
2.4.2 Sample Identification and Chain of Custody
2.4.3 Analysis Methods

3.

Results and Discussion

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List of Tables:
Table 1: Ground Water
Table 2: Surface Water
Table 3: Work Plan
Table 4: Methodology of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Table 5: Summary of Special Handling Requirements for Ground / Surface Water Samples
Table 6: Methods Used for Analysis
Table 7: Average Obtained Concentrations of Priority Pollutants

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List of Figures:
Figure 1: Project Location
Figure 2: Sampling Location
Figure 3: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Figure 4: Noise Level Monitoring at Irrigation
Figure 5: Noise Level Monitoring at Sulamanki Barrage
Figure 6: Ground Water Sampling from Haveli Lakha
Figure 7: Surface Water Sampling from Right Under Sluice

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List of Annexes:
Annexure I

Meteorological Data

Annexure II

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data

Annexure III

Noise Level Monitoring Data

Annexure IV

Ground Water Analysis Report

Annexure V

Surface Water Analsyis Report

Annexure VI

Standards

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1.

IEE Report

Introduction

National Engineering Services Pakistan (Pvt) Limited (NESPAK) is one of the leading
engineering consultancies of the Pakistan. NESPAK is conducting project for
rehabilitation and up gradation of Sulemanki barrage funded by Asian Development Bank.
Services of SGS Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd were engaged to develop baseline of the project site
and surroundings. This report is prepared on the basis of field survey carried out from
November 10 to 11, 2009 for ambient air quality, weather conditions, noise level
monitoring, ground and surface water sampling from advised locations.
1.1.

S amp li ng L oc at ion

The project location for Sulemanki barrage rehabilitation and up gradation is given as
Figu r e 1. The site selected for ambient air quality and noise level monitoring was at

Sulemanki Barrage. The monitoring was carried out at the selected sites for the duration of
24 hrs. Water samples were collected from advised sampling locations in order to
determine the water quality of the area. Three surface water samples were collected from
right under sluice, left under sluice and BS link fall into the Sutlj River respectively.
Ground water sample was collected from the village located in the vicinity of the project
site. The photographs of the sampling is given in Figur e 6 a nd 7.

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Figure:1 Project Location

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Figure:2 Sampli ng Location

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1.2.

IEE Report

Study Objectives

The main objective of the study was to monitor ambient air quality, recording sound level
and analyze the ground and surface water samples to examine the environmental
conditions and water quality of the project site and its surroundings. The obtained data is
compared with standards attached as Annexure- VI of the report.

1.3.

Scope of Services

Scope of services covered following main components:


Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Weather Conditions
Noise Level Monitoring
Ground Water Sampling and Analysis
Surface Water Sampling and Analysis

1.3.1.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

In accordance to USEPA National Ambient Air Quality standards the following priority
pollutants would be monitored in the ambient air of the study area:
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2)
Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2)
Particulate Matter (PM1 0 )
In addition to above mentioned parameters, the weather conditions were also monitored in
order to interpret ambient air quality. For the purpose following parameters would be
monitored:
Ambient Temperature
Relative Humidity
Barometric Pressure
Wind Direction
Wind Velocity

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1.3.2.

IEE Report

Noise Level Monitoring

Noise level using portable digital sound meter was monitored at following advised sites:
At Barrage
Irrigation Colony
1.3.3

Water Sampling

Water samples were collected from advised sampling points and were submitted to SGS
chemical and microbiological labs for analysis according to parameters as per contract.
1. 3. 3. 1

An al ysi s Paramet ers:

The collected water samples were analyzed for following list of parameters according to US
EPA and APHA approved methods.
Table 1: Ground Water
Test Type

Physical

Parameter

Odor
Color
Taste

Chemical

Total Dissolved Solids


(TDS)
Total Suspended
Solids (TSS)
Ca Hardness
Mg Hardness
Nitrate
Electrical Conductivity
(EC)
Chloride (Cl)
Sulphate
Turbidity
Fluoride
Nickel
Manganese
Zinc
Copper
Chromium
Mercury
Lead
Silver
Selenium
Barium
Magnesium
Iron
Sodium Absorption
Ratio (SAR)
Residual Sodium
Carbonate (RSC)

Biological

Total Colonial Count


Total Coliforms
Fecal E. Coli
Fecal Enterococci

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Table 2 : Surface Water

Test Type

Parameter

Physical

Chemical

Biological

Odor
Color
Taste

Electrical Conductivity
(EC)
Total Dissolved Solids
(TDS)
Total Suspended Solids
(TSS)
Nitrate
Grease & Oil
Chloride (Cl)
Sulphate
Turbidity
Fluoride
Magnesium
Iron
Nickel
Manganese
Zinc
Copper
Chromium
Mercury
Lead
Silver
Selenium
Barium
BODs
COD
Sodium Absorption Ratio
(SAR)
Residual Sodium
Carbonate (RSC)

Total Colonial Count


Total Coliforms
Fecal E. Coli
Fecal Enterococci

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1. 4.

IEE Report

Work Pl an

In order to cover the above scope of work, following schedule was planned and followed:
Table 3: Work Plan

Sr.#

Intervention Date

Monitoring
Haveli
Lakha

Activity
Sulemanki
Barrage

Irrigation
Colony

and Sampling
Location
Right Under
Sluice

Left Under
Sluice
Just After the
BS Link Fall
into Sutlj River

Environmental Assessment at Sulemanki Barrage


1

Nov.10 to Nov.11,2009

Ambient Air
Quality
Monitoring

Nov.10 to Nov.11,2009

Weather
Conditions

Nov.10 to Nov.11,2009

Noise Level
Monitoring

Nov.11 ,2009

Ground Water
Sampling

Nov.11,2009

Surface Water

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2.

IEE

Methodology

Following is the brief description of methodology adapted for this environmental


assessment:
2.1.

Am b ie nt Ai r Q u al it y

Ambient air quality was monitored with the help of Mobile Air Quality Station equipped
with the state of the art ambient air analyzers.

Figure 3: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring at Suleimanki Barrage

Selection of sampling points was made considering the wind direction at the advised
sampling sites. The methodology adopted for ambient air quality monitoring is as follows:

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Table 4: Methodology of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring


Air
Pollutant
Carbon
Monoxide
(CO)
Sulfur
Dioxide
(SO2 )
Nitrogen
Dioxide
(NO2 )

Monitoring Technique

Measurement
Range

Method

Gas Filter Correlation CO


Analyzer

USEPA
Designated
Method RFCA0981-054

Pulsed Fluorescent
Analyzer

USEPA
Designated
Method EQSA0486-060

0 50 ppb
0 1000 ppm

USEPA
Designated
Method RFNA1289-074

0 50 ppb
0 1000 ppm

Chemiluminescent
Analyzer
High Volume Sampler

Particulate
Matter
(PM1 0)

40 CFR 50,
App. B
(US-EPA)

0 100

Lowest
Detection
Limit
0.01 ppm

1 ppb

1 ppb
2 750 g/m

2 g/m

2.1.1. Sampling and Analysis of Particulate Matter


Particulate matter concentration in terms of
the help of high Volume

PM10

PM10

was monitored in the ambient air with

Sampler. Reference method used for

PM10

determination in ambient air is 40 CFR 50, Appendix J (USEPA).


Air sample for detection of

PM10

concentration was drawn on fiberglass filter paper and

then the collected sample was preserved in protective holder which was transported to
SGS lab for further analysis under standard environmental conditions.
2.2.

Meteorological Conditions

In addition to the advised parameters for ambient air quality, weather conditions were
also monitored continuously for 24 hours with the help of mobile weather station.
Selection of sampling points was made considering the wind direction at the advised
sampling site.

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2.3.

IEE

Noise Level Monitoring

Noise level was monitored at the advised sampling points for 24 hours with interval of 1
second and hourly average data is reported. The sound level was monitored with the help
of potable Digital sound meter (RION, Model NL 31, IEC60051 TYPE 1 IE60804 TYPE 1
JIS C 1505).

Figure4: Noise Level Monitoring at Irrigation


Colony

Figure5: Noise Level Monitoring at


Sulemanki Barrage

Noise level measurement was performed according to standard operating procedures.


2.4.

Sampling of Ground and Surface Water

One ground and three surface water samples were collected from advised sampling
points in the surroundings of the project site. Water samples were collected according to
the SOP based on the recognized methods of United State Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) and American Public Health Administration (APHA) for water sampling
and analysis.

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IEE

2.4.1. Sample Preservation


The collected water samples were preserved in appropriate containers as per APHA
guidelines. A shipping container (Ice box with eutectic cold packs instead of ice) with
maintained temperature of 4 C 5 C was used for transporting the samples from the
collection site to the analytical laboratory.

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Table 5: Summary of Special Handling Requirements for Ground / Surface Water


Samples
Minimum
Determination

Container

Maximum Storage
Preservation

Sample
Size (ml)

Recommended /
Regulatory

BOD5

P, G

1000

COD

P, G

100

CHLORINE, Residual

P, G

500

ANALYZE IMMEDIATELY

0.5 HR / 02 HRS

COLOR

P, G

500

REFRIGERATE

48 HRS / 48 HRS

CONDUCTIVITY

P, G

500

REFRIGERATE

28 DAYS / 28 DAYS

FLUORIDE

300

NONE REQUIRED

28 DAYS / 28 DAYS

GREASE & OIL

G, wide mouth
calibrated

1000

HARDNESS

P, G

METALS, General

P (A), G (A)

Mercury

P (A), G (A)

500

P, G

500

Nitrogen
Ammonia

100

REFRIGERATE @ 4 oC
REFRIGERATE @ 4 oC ANALYZE
ASAP OR ADD H2SO4 TO pH <2

ADD H2SO4 TO pH < 2,


REFRIGERATE
ADD HNO3 TO pH < 2
FOR DISSOLVED METALS
FILTER IMMEDIATELY
ADD HNO3 TO pH < 2.4 C
ANALYZE ASAP OR ADD H2SO4
TO pH < 2, REFRIGERATE

06 HRS / 48 DAYS
07 DAYS / 28 DAYS

28 DAYS / 28 DAYS

06 MON / 06 MON

06 MON / 06 MON

28 DAYS / 28 DAYS

07 DAYS / 28 DAYS

ANALYZE ASAP OR
Nitrate

P, G

100

REFRIGERATE, OR FREEZE AT

48 HRS / 48 HRS

20 C

Nitrate + Nitrite

P, G

200

ADD H2SO4 TO pH < 2,


REFRIGERATE

NONE / 28 DAYS

ANALYZE ASAP OR
Nitrite

P, G

100

REFRIGERATE, OR FREEZE AT

NONE / 48 HRS

20 C

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Minimum
Determination

Container

Maximum Storage
Preservation

Sample
Size (ml)

Odor

pH

P, G

Solids

500

Recommended /
Regulatory

ANALYZE ASAP, REFRIGERATE

06 HRS

ANALYZE IMMEDIATELY

02 HRS / 02 HRS

P, G

REFRIGERATE

07 DAYS / 07-14 DAYS

Sulfate

P, G

REFRIGERATE

28 DAYS / 28 DAYS

Sulfide

P, G

100

Temperature

P, G

Turbidity

P, G

REFRIGERATE, ADD 4 DROPS 2N


ZINC ACETATE
ANALYZE IMMEDIATELY
ANALYZE SAME DAY, STORE IN
DARK UP TO 24 HRS

28 DAYS / 28 DAYS

-/-

48 HRS / 48 HRS

P : Plastic Container G
: Glass Bottle

2.4.2

Sample Identification and Chain of Custody

The collected water samples were labeled and assigned a unique sample identification
number, sampling date and time of collection to collected samples. All the relevant
information (sampling location, time of collection, sample identification, temperature, pH,
collected by, preservation techniques etc) was recorded immediately on the Chain of
Custody form signed by SGS field Analyst.

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2.4.3

IEE

Analysis Methods

The collected ground and surface water samples were analyzed according to following
methods:
Table 6: Methods Used for Analysis
Sr.#

Parameter

Method / Technique

1 Temperature

Thermometer

2 pH

pH meter with 2 point calibration

3 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Wet chemistry


4 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) Wet chemistry / Incubation

Reference Method
USEPA, APHA
APHA
ASTM

5 Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

Wet chemistry/Air oven

6 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

Wet chemistry/Digital determinator

7 Grease & Oil

Solvent extraction

8 Phenolic Compounds (as phenol)

Colourimetry

USEPA, APHA

9 Chloride

Wet chemistry

USEPA, APHA

10 Fluoride

Ion selective/colourimetry

USEPA, APHA

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

Ion selective / colourimetry


Colourimetry
Wet chemistry
Wet chemistry
Wet chemistry / Ion Selective
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS
AAS (Hydride generation)
AAS
AAS
Ion Selective
Spectrophotometer

USEPA, APHA
USEPA, APHA
APHA
ASTM
ASTM
USEPA, APHA
USEPA, APHA
USEPA, APHA
USEPA, APHA
USEPA, APHA
USEPA, APHA
USEPA, APHA
APHA
ASTM
ASTM
USEPA, APHA
USEPA, APHA
USEPA, APHA

Titrimitery

USEPA, APHA
APHA

Cyanide
Anionic detergents
Sulphate
Sulphide
Ammonia
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Arsenic
Iron
Manganese
Nitrates
Turbidity

29 Dissolved Oxygen
30 Chlorine

Wet chemistry

ASTM
USEPA, APHA
ASTM

APHA= American Public Health Association


ASTM=American Society for Testing and Materials
USEPA=United State Environmental Protection Agency

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3.

IEE

Results and Discussion

Monitoring of ambient air quality, weather, noise level and water quality was carried out at
advised sampling points. The monitoring results are given in Annexure I to V. The results
of ambient air quality monitored for 24 hrs are given in Annexure II of the report. USEPA
(United State Environmental Protection Agency) and Draft National Environmental Quality
Standards (NEQS) of Pak EPA for ambient air quality were used for comparison. The
copy of USEPA and Pak-EPA ambient air quality standards is attached as Annexure VI
of the report. The average concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) for 8 hrs according to
the USEPA standard should not exceed from 9ppm while for Pak EPA 5 mg/m3. The
levels obtained at monitoring site for 24 hrs averages were 3.19 ppm and 3.98 mg/m 3
which lie well within the limits specified in both the standards for CO. Similarly average
concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide was found at 8.48 ppb (29.18
g/m3) and 5.15ppb (14.72 g/m 3) respectively which are well within the limits defined in
USEPA and Pak-EPA standards. The 24 hrs average particulate matter
found to be 117.32 g/m
g/m

against standards value of 150 g/m

was

PM10

for USEPA and 250

for Pak-EPA standard.


Table 7: Average Obtained Concentrations of Priority Pollutants
Average

Parameter

Unit

Obtained

Average
Unit

Concentration

Obtained

Duration

Concentration

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2 )

ppb

8.48

g/m

29.18

24Hours

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2 )

ppb

5.15

g/m

14.72

24 Hours

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

ppm

3.19

mg/m

3.98

24 Hours

117.32

g/m

117.32

24 Hours

Particulate Matter (PM1 0 )

g/m

Noise level monitoring was conducted at sulamanki barrage and irrigation colony. Results
were attached as Annexure III of the report. The noise level was found in range of 43.4
62.7 dB (Le q . ) .

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IEE

One ground water and three surface water samples were collected from advised sampling
points. The water samples were analyzed for chemical and microbiological parameters.
The WHO drinking water guidelines are given in Annexure VI of the report. Microbiological
analysis results of both ground and surface water samples show rich microbial
contamination which makes them unfit for human consumption. The results of ground
water analysis were attached as Annexure-IV while that of surface water are attached
Annexure V. All the parameters of ground water sample lie within the limits specified in

WHO guidelines except turbidity, lead and iron content which shows higher concentrations
than the values defined in WHO limits for drinking water. However, it is anticipated that the
concentration of turbidity and iron are high due to assimilation of soil in ground water.
Surface water samples were analyzed according to NEQS parameters. All the parameters
lie within the limits specified in NEQS for surface water. Results were attached as
Annexure-V of the report.

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IEE

Annexure I

Meteorological Data

SuleimankiBarrage
Report

IEE

Meteorological Data
:
:
:

Client
Sampling Point
Date of Intervention
Time
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
24:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00

Temp
OC
26
25
23
23
19
17
15
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
11
10
9
9
8
12
16
22
23
25

NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd.


Sulemanki Barrage
November 10 11, 2009

Wind Dir
E
SW
N
NW
S
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
E
SE
SE
SW
SW
SW

Wind Speed
m/s
2.2
2.0
1.7
0.9
3.7
1.9
1.7
1.1
0.5
0.8
0.4
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.4
0.4
0.9
0.4
2.7
0.4
0.8
2.2
2.5
2.4

Hum
%
42
44
45
45
49
52
57
60
60
62
68
68
69
69
75
74
78
79
80
74
56
44
36
48

Pressure
756.7
756.5
756.5
756.1
755.9
755.7
755.5
755.1
755.2
755.1
754.8
754.6
754.3
754.2
754.0
754.1
754.2
754.4
754.9
754.9
755.2
755.1
754.8
754.6

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IEE

Annexure II

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data

SuleimankiBarrage
Report

IEE

Ambient Air Quality


: NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd.
: Sulemanki Barrage
: November 10 11, 2009

Client
Sampling Point
Date of Intervention
S r. #

T ime

CO (ppm)

NO
(ppb)

NO2
(ppb)

NOX
(ppb)

SO2
(ppb)

13:00

2.6

10.12

8.09

18.21

3.21

14:00

2.2

12.72

4.58

17.30

3.17

15:00

3.1

10.32

9.77

20.09

4.20

16:00

2.7

12.40

13.61

26.01

5.17

17:00

4.2

19.21

5.15

24.36

9.48

18:00

4.3

12.27

17.26

29.53

9.58

19:00

4.0

13.57

6.97

20.54

8.17

20:00

3.8

8.01

4.92

12.93

7.12

21:00

3.6

6.49

4.81

11.30

5.82

10

22:00

3.4

4.80

14.8

19.60

5.30

11

23:00

4.0

10.07

153.31

25.38

4.91

12

24:00

3.3

11.40

5.03

16.43

4.96

13

01:00

3.1

6.08

9.89

15.97

4.62

14

02:00

3.0

6.57

11.64

18.21

4.57

15

03:00

3.0

6.92

5.08

12.00

5.04

16

04:00

2.9

3.75

5.18

8.93

4.30

17

05:00

2.9

2.80

3.52

6.32

3.83

18

06:00

2.8

2.23

7.85

10.08

3.04

19

07:00

2.7

3.83

4.33

8.16

3.52

20

08:00

2.7

2.65

9.66

12.31

2.85

21

09:00

4.3

4.81

12.87

17.68

4.49

22

10:00

2.9

7.70

9.91

17.61

5.51

23

11:00

2.6

7.10

5.34

12.44

5.96

24

12:00

2.5

5.18

8.03

13.21

4.74

236

SuleimankiBarrage

IEE Report

Client
Sampling Point
Date of Intervention

Ambient Air Quality


: NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd.
: Sulemanki Barrage
: November 10 11, 2009

Parameter

Average Obtained

Unit

Duration

LDL

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

ppb

24Hours

0.01

8.48

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

ppb

24 Hours

0.01

5.15

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

ppm

24 Hours

1.0

3.19

24 Hours

117.32

Particulate Matter (PM10)

g/m

Concentration

g/m : micrograms per cubic meter


ppm:

parts per million

ppb:

parts Per billion

LDL:

Lowest Detection Limit

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Client
Sampling Point
Date of Intervention

Ambient Air Quality


: NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd.
: Sulemanki Barrage
: November 10 11, 2009

Time

CO
3
(mg/m )

NO
3
(g/m )

NO2 (g/m )

NOx
3
(g/m )

SO2 (g/m )

13:00

3.25

13.56

16.58

30.14

9.18

14:00

2.75

17.045

9.39

26.44

9.07

15:00

3.87

13.83

20.03

33.86

12.01

16:00

3.37

16.6

27.90

44.50

14.79

17:00

5.25

25.74

10.56

36.30

27.11

18:00

5.37

16.44

35.38

51.82

27.40

19:00

5.00

18.18

14.29

32.47

23.37

20:00

4.75

10.73

10.09

20.82

20.36

21:00

4.50

8.70

9.86

18.56

16.64

10

22:00

4.25

6.43

30.34

36.77

15.16

11

23:00

5.00

13.50

314.29

327.79

14.04

12

24:00

4.12

15.28

10.31

25.59

14.19

13

01:00

3.87

8.15

20.27

28.42

13.21

14

02:00

3.75

8.80

23.86

32.66

13.07

15

03:00

3.75

9.27

10.41

19.68

14.41

16

04:00

3.625

5.02

10.62

15.64

12.30

17

05:00

3.62

3.75

7.22

10.97

10.95

18

06:00

3.50

2.99

16.09

19.08

8.69

19

07:00

3.37

5.13

8.88

14.01

10.07

20

08:00

3.37

3.55

19.80

23.35

8.15

21

09:00

5.37

6.44

26.38

32.82

12.84

22

10:00

3.62

10.32

20.31

30.63

15.76

23

11:00

3.25

9.51

10.95

20.46

17.05

24

12:00

3.12

6.94

16.46

23.40

13.56

Sr. #

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IEE

Client
Sampling Point
Date of Intervention

Ambient Air Quality


: NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd.
: Sulemanki Barrage
: November 10 29, 2009
Unit

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

g/m

24 Hours

29.18

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

g/m

24 Hours

14.72

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

mg/m

24 Hours

3.98

PM

g/m

24 Hours

117.32

10

Duration

Average

Parameter

Concentration

g/m : micrograms per cubic meter


3
mg/m : milligrams per cubic meter
LDL:
Lowest Detection Limit

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IEE

Annexure III

Noise Level Monitoring Data

SuleimankiBarrage
Report

IEE

Noise Level Monitoring


Client
Sampling Point
Date of Intervention

:
:
:

NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd.


Sulemanki Barrage
November 10 11, 2009

Leq(dB)

Lmax(dB)

Lmin(dB)

13:00

60.2

65.1

54.1

14:00

62.7

67.4

56.2

15:00

58.1

64.0

52.1

16:00

60.2

68.2

56.0

17:00

55.5

62.3

50.3

18:00

56.0

60.1

53.1

19:00

53.1

59.2

50.0

20:00

54.7

59.0

51.1

21:00

53.4

58.2

49.2

10

22:00

54.0

62.1

50.0

11

23:00

49.1

57.2

43.7

12

24:00

52.1

58.0

49.1

13

01:00

51.0

59.3

47.3

14

02:00

55.2

63.7

52.4

15

03:00

53.7

60.2

49.7

16

04:00

50.0

58.0

46.0

17

05:00

50.2

57.4

45.1

18

06:00

53.0

62.2

49.2

19

07:00

56.1

64.0

53.4

20

08:00

60.4

67.1

55.1

21

09:00

59.2

68.7

56.7

22

10:00

57.0

65.3

54.2

23

11:00

57.3

64.0

55.3

24

12:00

55.1

63.2

54.0

Sr. #
1

Time

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Noise Level Monitoring


Client

NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd.

Graph 1: - Variation of Noise with Time

241

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Report

IEE

Noise Level Monitoring


Client
Sampling Point
Date of Intervention
Sr. #

Time

:
:
:

NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd.


Irrigation Colony
November 10 11, 2009

Leq(dB)

Lmax(dB)

Lmin(dB)

13:00

60.0

65.0

53.0

14:00

62.1

67.1

55.2

15:00

55.7

62.0

57.0

16:00

52.3

60.7

48.3

17:00

59.4

63.9

53.0

18:00

57.0

64.5

52.5

19:00

55.3

59.2

47.2

20:00

49.2

55.1

46.0

21:00

57.2

60.3

57.3

10

22:00

46.1

52.2

44.4

11

23:00

44.0

50.5

42.0

12

24:00

44.7

51.3

40.1

13

01:00

43.4

50.2

39.7

14

02:00

47.5

52.7

41.0

15

03:00

45.4

53.1

40.5

16

04:00

52.2

57.0

45.0

17

05:00

54.0

59.1

49.7

18

06:00

58.1

63.0

50.0

19

07:00

60.3

64.3

52.1

20

08:00

62.2

65.7

53.3

21

09:00

59.1

63.0

50.0

22

10:00

57.3

60.1

49.2

23

11:00

59.2

62.1

53.7

24

12:00

61.1

64.0

56.2

242

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IEE

Graph 2: - Variation of Noise with Time

NESPAK-ABB-DMC

243

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Report

IEE

Annexure IV

Ground Water Analysis Report

NESPAK-ABB-DMC

SuleimankiBarrage

IEE Report

M I C R O B I O L O G I C A L ANALYSIS REPORT

Job No :
Client Name & Account :
Description Of Sample :
Marking (If Any) :

Env Lhr 435 / 2009


NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd.
Ground Water
Hand Pump near
Mosque

No. of sample :

01

Sample Condition Upon Receipt:

Satisfactory

Sample Collection Date :

11-11-09

Environmental Conditions:

Temperature :

Humidity:

NA

Sr. #

Parameters

Procedure

NA

Permissible

Results

Limits
01
02
03

04

Total Colony Count


Total Coli Forms
Faecal
Coli Forms (E.Coli)
Faecal
Streptococci/ Enterococci

APHA:9215

< 500 cfu / ml

APHA:9222 B

0 / 1 00ml

APHA:9222 B

0 / 1 00ml

39

APHA: 9230 C

0 / 1 00ml

18

TNTC
67

cf u : colony f orm ing unit

NO T E:
W HO/USEPA Guidelines for Drinking W ater states that T o t a l or F a e c a l Coli
forms m ust be absent a n d ar e not t o l e r a t e d in Pot able wat er .

244

SuleimankiBarrage

IEE Report

CHEMICAL LABORATORY
TEST REPORT

Job No :
Client Name & Account :
Description Of Sample :
Marking (If Any) :

Env Lhr 435 / 2009


NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd.
Ground Water
Hand Pump near
Mosque

No. of sample :

01

Sample Condition Upon Receipt:

Satisfactory

Sample Collection Date :

11-11-09

Environmental Conditions:

Temperature :

Humidity:

NA

Sr. #

Parameters

NA

LDL

Test
Results

WHO
Guidelines

Method

Unit

01 Color

Visual

Pale Yellow

02 Odor

Organoleptic

Odorless

03 Turbidity

APHA-2130 B

NTU

0.2

27

04 Conductivity

APHA-2150 B

0.1

594

5 NTU
-

05

Total Dissolved Solids


(TDS)

APHA-2540 C

mg/L

5.0

415

06

Total Suspended Solids


(TSS)

APHA-2540 D

mg/L

5.0

34

1000

07 Calcium Hardness

APHA-2340 B & C

mg/L

0.5

183.15

08 Magnesium Hardness

APHA-2340 B & C

mg/L

0.5

66.80

09 Magnesium

APHA-3500Mg B

mg/L

0.5

16.3

10 Chloride (Cl)

APHA-4500Cl B

mg/L

0.5

21

250

11 Sulfate (SO4)

APHA-4500SO4 C

mg/L

5.0

35

250

12 Nitrates (NO3)

APHA-4500NO3 B

mg/L

0.003

5.3

50

13 Fluoride (F)

APHA - F- C

mg/L

0.01

1.2

1.5

14

Sodium Absorption Ratio


(SAR)

15 Residual Sodium Carbonate


(RSC)

In-House

In-House

10.46

ND

mg/L

245

SuleimankiBarrage

Sr. #

IEE Report

Parameters

Method

Unit

LDL

Test

WHO

Results

Guidelines

16

Chromium (Cr)

APHA-3500Cr B

mg/L

0.01

<0.01

0.05

17

Copper (Cu)

APHA-3500Cu B

mg/L

0.01

<0.01

1.0 2.0

18

Lead (Pb)

APHA-3500Pb B

mg/L

0.01

0.02

0.01

19

Mercury (Hg)

APHA-3500-Hg B

mg/L

0.001

<0.001

0.001

20

Selenium ( Se )

APHA-3500Se C

mg/L

0.01

<0.01

21

Nickel (Ni)

APHA-3500-Ni B

mg/L

0.01

0.02

0.02

22

Silver (Ag)

APHA-3500Ag B

mg/L

0.1

<0.1

23

Zinc (Zn)

APHA-3500Zn B

mg/L

0.01

<0.01

3.0
0.3

24

Iron (Fe)

APHA-3500Fe B

mg/L

0.01

2.50

25

Barium ( Ba)

APHA-3500Ba B

mg/L

0.5

<0.5

26

Manganese (Mn)

APHA-3500Mn B

mg/L

0.01

0.41

27

Chlorine

APHA-4500Cl G

mg/L

0.1

<0.1

LDL:

Lowest Detection Limit

<:

Less Than.

0.1 0.5
-

Not Defined

This r e port is not valid f o r any negotiation.


The remaining portion of the sam pl e (s) will be dis posed off after one week unless otherwise instruct.
The sam ple(s) to which the findings recorded herein ( t h e Findings) relate was (were) drawn and / o r provided by the
Client or by a third party acting at the Clients direction. The Findings constitute no waranty of the sam ples re presentativeness
of any goods and strictly relate to the sam ple(s). The Com pany accepts no liablity with regard to the origin o r source from
which the sam ple(s) is/are said to be extracted.

246

SuleimankiBarrage
Report

IEE

Annexure V

Surface Water Analysis Report

SuleimankiBarrage

IEE Report

MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALY SIS R E POR T

J o b No :
Client Name & Account :
Description Of Sample :

Env Lhr 435 / 2009


N E S P A K (Pvt) Ltd.
Surface Water

Marking (If Any) :

Right Under Sluice

Sample Condition Upon Receipt:

Satisfactory

Environmental Conditions:

Temperature :

Sr . #

Par am et er s

NA

Pr oced u r e

Per m is s ib le

Resu lt s

Li m i ts
y

01

Total Colon Count

APHA:9215

02

Total Coli Forms

APHA:9222 B

03

04

Faecal
Coli Forms (E.Coli)
Faecal
Streptococci/ Enterococci

< 500 cfu / ml


0 / 100ml

1985
57

APHA:9222 B

0 / 100ml

30

APHA: 9230 C

0 / 100ml

10

cfu : colony forming unit

247

SuleimankiBarrage

IEE Report

MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALY SIS RE P O RT

J o b No :
Client Name & Account :
Description Of Sample :

Env Lhr 435 / 2009


N E S P A K (Pvt) Ltd.
Surface Water

Marking (If Any) :

Right Under Sluice

Sample Condition Upon Receipt:

Satisfactory

Environmental Conditions:

Temperature :

Sr . #

Par am et er s

NA

Pr oced u r e

Per m is s ib le

Resu lt s

Li m i ts
y

01

Total Colon Count

APHA:9215

02

Total Coli Forms

APHA:9222 B

0 / 100ml

70

APHA:9222 B

0 / 100ml

37

APHA: 9230 C

0 / 100ml

16

03

04

Faecal
Coli Forms (E.Coli)
Faecal
Streptococci/ Enterococci

< 500 cfu / ml

2392

cfu : colony forming unit

248

SuleimankiBarrage

IEE Report

MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALY SIS RE P O RT


Env Lhr 435 / 2009

J o b No :
Client Name & Account :
Description Of Sample :

N E S P A K (Pvt) Ltd.
Surface Water

Marking (If Any) :

Right Under Sluice

No. of sample :

01

Sample Condition Upon Receipt:

Satisfactory

Sample Collection Date :

11-11-09

Environmental Conditions:

Temperat ure :

Humidity:

NA

Sr . #

Par am et er s

NA

Pr oced u r e

Per m is s ib le

Resu lt s

Li m i ts
y

01

Total Colon Count

APHA:9215

02

Total Coli Forms

APHA:9222 B

0 / 100ml

23

APHA:9222 B

0 / 100ml

13

APHA: 9230 C

0 / 100ml

03

Faecal
Coli Forms (E.Coli)

< 500 cfu / ml

967

Faecal
04

Streptococci/ Enterococci

cfu : colony forming unit

249

SuleimankiBarrage

IEE Report

CHEMICAL LABORATORY
TEST REPORT

J o b No :
Client Name & Account :
Description Of Sample :

Env Lhr 435 / 2009


N E S P A K (Pvt) Ltd.
Surface Water

Marking (If Any) :

Right Under Slui ce

No. of sample :

01

Sample Condition Upon Receipt:

Satisfactory

Sample Collection Date :

11-11-09

Environmental Conditions:

Temperature :

Humidity:

NA

Sr. #

Parameters

Method

NA

Test

Limits as

Unit

LDL

Results

per NEQS

Odorless

01

Odor

Organoleptic

02

Turbidity

APHA-2130 B

NTU

0.2

21

03

Conductivity

APHA-2150 B

0.1

420

04

Biochemical Oxygen
Demand ( BOD5 )

5.0

80.00

05

Chemical Oxygen Demand


(COD)

APHA-5220 D

mg/L

5.0

12

150.00

06

Total Suspended Solids


(TSS)

APHA-2540 D

mg/L

5.0

28

200.00

07

Total Dissolved Solids


(TDS)

APHA-2540 C

mg/L

5.0

273

3500.00

08

Chloride ( Cl )

APHA-4500Cl- B

mg/L

0.5

31.98

1000.00

09

Sulphate ( SO4 )

APHA-4500 SO4 C

mg/L

5.0

34.78

600.00

10

Nitrates (NO3)

APHA-4500NO3 B

mg/L

0.003

1.4

11

Fluoride ( F)

APHA - F- C

mg/L

0.01

0.33

12

Sodium Absorption Ratio


(SAR)

In-House

mg/L

14.77

13

Residual Sodium Carbonate


(RSC)

In-House

mg/L

ND

14

Magnesium

APHA-3500Mg B

mg/L

0.5

9.0

15

Grease & Oil

USEPA-1664

mg/L

1.0

<1.0

10.00

ASTM 5210

mg/L

10.00

250

SuleimankiBarrage

IEE Report

CHEMICAL LABORATORY
TEST REPORT

Sr. #

Parameters

Method

Unit

Test

Limits as

Results

per NEQS

LDL

16

Chromium (Cr)

APHA-3500Cr B

mg/L

0.01

<0.01

01.00

17

Copper (Cu)

APHA-3500Cu B

mg/L

0.01

<0.01

01.00

18

Lead ( Pb )

APHA-3500Pb B

mg/L

0.01

0.02

00.50

19

Mercury ( Hg)

APHA-3500Hg B

mg/L

0.001

<0.001

00.01

20

Selenium ( Se )

APHA-3500Se C

mg/L

0.01

<0.01

00.50

21

Nickel ( Ni )

APHA 3500 Ni B

mg/L

0.01

<0.01

01.00

22

Silver ( Ag )

APHA-3500Ag B

mg/L

0.1

<0.1

01.00

23

Zinc ( Zn )

APHA-3500Zn B

mg/L

0.01

0.02

05.00

24

Barium ( Ba)

APHA-3500Ba B

mg/L

0.5

<0.5

01.50

25

Iron ( Fe )

APHA-3500Fe B

mg/L

0.01

0.54

8.00

26

Manganese ( Mn )

APHA-3500Mn B

mg/L

0.01

0.02

01.50

27

Chlorine

APHA-4500Cl G

mg/L

0.1

<0.1

1.00

LDL:

Lowest Detection Limit

-:

Not Defined

<:

Less Than.

251

SuleimankiBarrage

IEE Report

CHEMICAL LABORATORY
TEST REPORT

J o b No :
Client Name & Account :
Description Of Sample :

Env Lhr 435 / 2009


N E S P A K (Pvt) Ltd.
Surface Water

Marking (If Any) :

Left Under Sluice

No. of sample :

01

Sample Conditio n Upon Receipt:

Satisfactory

Sample Collection Date :

11-11-09

Environmental Conditions:

Temperature :

Humidity:

NA

Sr. #

Parameters

NA

Test

Limits as

Method

Unit

LDL

Results

per NEQS

Odorless

01

Odor

Organoleptic

02

Turbidity

APHA-2130 B

NTU

0.2

22

03

Conductivity

APHA-2150 B

0.1

438

04

Biochemical Oxygen
Demand ( BOD5 )

ASTM 5210

mg/L

5.0

80.00

05

Chemical Oxygen Demand


(COD)

APHA-5220 D

mg/L

5.0

20

150.00

06

Total Suspended Solids


(TSS)

APHA-2540 D

mg/L

5.0

30

200.00

07

Total Dissolved Solids


(TDS)

APHA-2540 C

mg/L

5.0

280

3500.00

08

Chloride ( Cl )

APHA-4500Cl- B

mg/L

0.5

34.88

1000.00

09

Sulphate ( SO4 )

APHA-4500 SO4 C

mg/L

5.0

44.86

600.00

10

Nitrates (NO3)

APHA-4500NO3 B

mg/L

0.003

1.7

11

Fluoride ( F)

APHA - F- C

mg/L

0.01

0.36

12

Sodium Absorption Ratio


(SAR)

In-House

mg/L

15.04

13

Residual Sodium Carbonate


(RSC)

In-House

mg/L

ND

14

Magnesium

APHA-3500Mg B

mg/L

0.5

9.96

15

Grease & Oil

USEPA-1664

mg/L

1.0

<1.0

10.00

10.00

252

SuleimankiBarrage

IEE Report

CHEMICAL LABORATORY
TEST REPORT

Sr. #

Parameters

Method

Unit

Test

Limits as

Results

per NEQS

LDL

16

Chromium (Cr)

APHA-3500Cr B

mg/L

0.01

<0.01

01.00

17

Copper (Cu)

APHA-3500Cu B

mg/L

0.01

<0.01

01.00

18

Lead ( Pb )

APHA-3500Pb B

mg/L

0.01

0.02

00.50

19

Mercury ( Hg)

APHA-3500Hg B

mg/L

0.001

<0.001

00.01

20

Selenium ( Se )

APHA-3500Se C

mg/L

0.01

<0.01

00.50

21

Nickel ( Ni )

APHA 3500 Ni B

mg/L

0.01

0.02

01.00

22

Silver ( Ag )

APHA-3500Ag B

mg/L

0.1

<0.1

01.00

23

Zinc ( Zn )

APHA-3500Zn B

mg/L

0.01

0.02

05.00

24

Barium ( Ba)

APHA-3500Ba B

mg/L

0.5

<0.5

01.50

25

Iron ( Fe )

APHA-3500Fe B

mg/L

0.01

0.62

8.00

26

Manganese ( Mn )

APHA-3500Mn B

mg/L

0.01

0.02

01.50

27

Chlorine

APHA-4500Cl G

mg/L

0.1

<0.1

1.00

LDL:

Lowest Detection Limit

<:

Less Than.

Not Defined

ND:

Not Detected

253

SuleimankiBarrage

IEE Report

CHEMICAL LABORATORY
TEST REPORT

Job N o :
Client Name & Account :
p
p
Descri tion O f Sam le :
Marking ( I f Any) :
p

Env Lhr 435 / 2009


NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd.
Surface Water

Sam le Condition U on Recei t:


Environmental Conditions:

Sr. #

Parameters

Just after the B S link


f a l into Sutlij River

No. o f sam le :

Satisfactory

Sam le Colection Date :

11-11-09

Humidity:

NA

Tem erature :

01

NA

Test

Limits as

Method

Unit

LDL

Results

per NEQS

Odorless

01

Odor

Organoleptic

02

Turbidity

APHA-2130 B

NTU

0.2

41

03

Conductivity

APHA-2150 B

0.1

352

04

Biochemical Oxygen
Demand ( BOD5 )

ASTM 5210

mg/L

5.0

10

80.00

05

Chemical Oxygen Demand


(COD)

APHA-5220 D

mg/L

5.0

21

150.00

06

Total Suspended Solids


(TSS)

APHA-2540 D

mg/L

5.0

48

200.00

07

Total Dissolved Solids


(TDS)

APHA-2540 C

mg/L

5.0

219

3500.00

08

Chloride ( Cl )

APHA-4500Cl- B

mg/L

0.5

23.26

1000.00

09

Sulphate ( SO4 )

APHA-4500 SO4 C

mg/L

5.0

29.64

600.00

10

Nitrates (NO3)

APHA-4500NO3 B

mg/L

0.003

0.9

11

Fluoride ( F)

APHA - F- C

mg/L

0.01

0.39

12

Sodium Absorption Ratio


(SAR)

In-House

mg/L

11.47

13

Residual Sodium Carbonate


(RSC)

In-House

mg/L

ND

14

Magnesium

APHA-3500Mg B

mg/L

0.5

9.37

15

Grease & Oil

USEPA-1664

mg/L

1.0

<1.0

10.00

10.00

254

SuleimankiBarrage

Sr. #

IEE Report

Parameters

Method

Unit

Test

Limits as

Results

per NEQS

LDL

16

Chromium (Cr)

APHA-3500Cr B

mg/L

0.01

<0.01

01.00

17

Copper (Cu)

APHA-3500Cu B

mg/L

0.01

<0.01

01.00

18

Lead ( Pb )

APHA-3500Pb B

mg/L

0.01

0.04

00.50

19

Mercury ( Hg)

APHA-3500Hg B

mg/L

0.001

<0.001

00.01

20

Selenium ( Se )

APHA-3500Se C

mg/L

0.01

<0.01

00.50

21

Nickel ( Ni )

APHA 3500 Ni B

mg/L

0.01

0.02

01.00

22

Silver ( Ag )

APHA-3500Ag B

mg/L

0.1

<0.1

01.00

23

Zinc ( Zn )

APHA-3500Zn B

mg/L

0.01

0.02

05.00

24

Barium ( Ba)

APHA-3500Ba B

mg/L

0.5

<0.5

01.50

25

Iron ( Fe )

APHA-3500Fe B

mg/L

0.01

0.94

8.00

26

Manganese ( Mn )

APHA-3500Mn B

mg/L

0.01

0.04

01.50

27

Chlorine

APHA-4500Cl G

mg/L

0.1

<0.1

1.00

LDL:

Lowest Detection Limit

-:

Not Defined

<:

Less Than.

255

SuleimankiBarrage
Report

IEE

Annexure VI

Standards

SuleimankiBarrage

IEE Report

USEPA National Ambient Air Quality Standard


Following are the limits specified in NAAQS for primary as well as secondary pollutants.

POLLUTANT

STANDARD

STANDARD

VALUE *

TYPE

Carbon Monoxide (CO)


8-hour Average

9 ppm

(10 mg/m 3 )

Primary

1-hour Average

35 ppm

(40 mg/m 3 )

Primary

(100 g/m3 )

Primary & Secondary

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2)


Annual Arithmetic Mean

0.053 ppm

Ozone (O 3)
1-hour Average

0.12 ppm

(235 g/m3 )

Primary & Secondary

8-hour Average

0.08 ppm

(157 g/m3 )

Primary & Secondary

Lead (Pb)
1.5 g/m 3

Quarterly Average

Primary & Secondary

Particles with diameters of 10 micrometers or less


Particulate (PM 10)
Annual Arithmetic Mean

50 g/m 3

Primary & Secondary

24-hour Average

150 g/m 3

Primary & Secondary

Particulate (PM 2.5)

Particles with diameters of 2.5 micrometers or less

Annual Arithmetic Mean

15 g/m 3

Primary & Secondary

24-hour Average

65 g/m 3

Primary & Secondary

Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2)


0.030 ppm

(80 g/m 3 )

Primary

24-hour Average

0.14 ppm

(365 g/m 3 )

Primary

3-hour Average

0.50 ppm

(1300 g/m3 )

Secondary

Annual Arithmetic Mean

256

SuleimankiBarrage

IEE Report

Draft National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for Ambient Air


Concentration in Ambient Air
Pollutants

Time-weighted
average

Annual
Average*
Sulphur
Dioxide (SO2 ) 24 hours**
Oxides of
Nitrogen as
(NO)
Oxides of
Nitrogen as
(NO2 )
O3

Annual
Average*
24 hours**

Respirable
Particulate
Matter. PM 2 . 5

Lead (Pb)
Carbon
Monoxide
(CO)

Method of measurement

Effective
from 1st
January
2012

80 g/m3

80 g/m3

120 g/m3

120 g/m3

40 g/m3

40 g/m3

Ultraviolet Fluorescence
method

Gas Phase Chemiluminescence

40 g/m

40 g/m

40 g/m3

40 g/m3

80 g/m3

80 g/m3

180 g/m3

130 g/m3

Non Dispersive UV absorption


method

400 g/m3

360 g/m3

550 g/m3

500 g/m3

High Volume Sampling,


(Average flow rate not less than
1.1 m3/minute).

200 g/m3

120 g/m3

250 g/m3

150 g/m3

25 g/m3

15 g/m3

24 hours**

40 g/m3

35 g/m3

1 hour
Annual
Average*

25 g/m3

15 g/m3

Annual
Average*
24 hours**
1 hour

Annual
Suspended Average*
Particulate
Matter (SPM) 24 hours**
Respirable
Particulate
Matter PM1 0

Effective from
1st January
2009

Annual
Average*
24 hours**
Annual
Average*

24 hours**
8 hours **
1 hour

1.5 g/m3
2 g/m3

1 g/m3
1.5 g/m3

5 mg/m3

5 mg/m3

10 mg/m3

10 mg/m3

Gas Phase Chmiluminescence

Ray absorption method

Ray absorption method

ASS Method after sampling


using EPM 2000 or equivalent
Filter paper
Non Dispersive Infra Red
(NDIR) method

*Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at
uniform interval.
** 24 hourly /8 hourly values should be met 98% of the in a year. 2% of the time, it may exceed but not
on two consecutive days.

257

SuleimankiBarrage

IEE Report

Drinking Water Guidelines


Maximum permissible limits as defined by Various Countries
S/No

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

Parametric Tests *

Aluminum
Ammonium
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
Cadmium
Chloride
Chromium
Coliforms, total /1 00ml
Coliforms,E.Coli/1 00ml
Color
Copper
Cyanide
Fluoride
Hardness
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
Nickel
Nitrate/Nitrite, total
Nitrates(NO 3)
Nitrites(NO 2)
Odor
pH
Phosphorous
Phenols
Potassium
Selenium
Silica Dioxide(SiO 2)
Silver
Solids, Total dissolved
Sodium
Sulfate
Turbidity(Non-microbial)
Zinc
-

EEC

0.2
0.5
0.01
0.05
NS
NS
0.005
25
0.05
0
0
20 Pt-Co
NS
0.05
0.7 - 1 .5
50
0.2
0.05
0.2
0.001
NS
0.05
NS
50
0.1
NS
6.2 - 8.5
5.0
0.0005
12
0.01
10
0.01
NS
75 -150
NS
4 JTU
NS

Canada

NS
NS
NS
0.025
1 .0
5.0
0.005
250
0.05
0
0
15cu
1. 0
0.2
1 .5
NS
0.3
0.01
0.05
0.001
NS
NS
NS
10 as N
3.2
NS
6.5 - 8.5
NS
0.002
NS
0.01
NS
0.05
500
NS
500
1 NTU
5.0

USEPA

0.05 - 0.20
NS
0.006
0.05
2.0
NS
0.005
250
0.1
0
0
15cu
1. 0
0.2
2.0-4.0
NS
0.3
0.015
0.05
0.002
NS
0.1
10.0 as N
10.0 as N
1 .0 as N
3 TON
6.5 - 8.5
NS
NS
NS
0.05
NS
0.1
500
20
250
0.5 - 5.0 NTU
5.0

WHO
0.2
1.5
0.005
0.01
0.7
0.3
0.003
250
0.05
0
0
15cu
1 - 2
0.07
1.5
NS
0.3
0.01
0.1- 0.5
0.001
0.07
0.02
NS
50
3
NS
6.5 - 8.5
NS
NS
NS
0.01
NS
NS
1000
200
250
5 NTU
3.0

Abbreviations/Explanations:
NS=No Standards | JTU=Jackson Turbidity Units | NTU=Nephelometric Turbidity Units
cu=Color Units
| MPN Coliforms, Total or E.Coli/100ml | Pt-Co = Platinium Cobalt
Standards | EEC=European Economic Community for Environmental Legislation USEPA=
United States Environmental Protection Agency | TON=Threshold Odor Number
mg/l (milligrams per litre) except where notified
*

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Annex I (amended)

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR MUNICIPAL


AND LIQUID INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS (mg/l, UNLESS OTHERWISE DEFINED)
S.No.

Parameter

1 .Temperature or Temperature Increase*


2.pH value
3.Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)5
at 200C(1)
4.Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (1)
5.Total suspended solids (TSS)
6.Total dissolved solids (TDS)
7.Grease and oil
8.Phenolic compounds (as phenol)
9.Chloride (as Cl)
10.Fluoride (as F)
11 .Cyanide (as CN) total
12.An-ionic detergents (as MBAs) (2)
13.Sulphate (SO)4
14.Sulphide (S)
15.Ammonia (NH3)
16.Pesticides (3)
17.Cadmium (4)
(4)
1 8.Chromium (trivalent and hexavalent)
19.Copper (4)
20.Lead (4)
21.Mercury (4)
22.Selenium (4)
23.Nickel (4)
24.Silver (4)
25.Total Toxic metals
26.Zinc
27.Arsenic (4)
28.Barium (4)
29.Iron
30.Manganese
31 .Boron (4)
32.Chlorine

Existing
Standards

Into Inland
Waters

Revised Standards
Into Sea(6)
Into Sewage
(5)
Treatment

40oC
6-10
80

<30C
6-9
80

<30C
6-9
250

<30C
6-9
80**

150
150
3500
10
0.1
1000
20
2
20
600
1.0
40
0.15
0.1
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.01
0.5
1.0
1.0
2.0
5.0
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.5
6.0
1.0

150
200
3500
10
0.1
1000
10
1.0
20
600
1.0
40
0.15
0.1
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.01
0.5
1.0
1.0
2.0
5.0
1.0
1.5
8.0
1.5
6.0
1.0

400
400
3500
10
0.3
1000
10
1.0
20
1000
1.0
40
0.15
0.1
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.01
0.5
1.0
1.0
2.0
5.0
1.0
1.5
8.0
1.5
6.0
1.0

400
200
3500
10
0.3
SC***
10
1.0
20
SC***
1.0
40
0.15
0.1
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.01
0.5
1.0
1.0
2.0
5.0
1.0
1.5
8.0
1.5
6.0
1.0

Explanations:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Assuming minimum dilution 1:10 on discharge, lower ratio would attract progressively stringent standards to be
determined by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency. By 1:10 dilution means, for example that for each one cubic
meter of treated effluent, the recipient water body should have 10 cubic meter of water for dilution of this effluent.
Modified Benzene Alkyl Sulphate; assuming surfactant as biodegradable.
Pesticides include herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides.
Subject to total toxic metals discharge should not exceed level given at S.No.25.
Applicable only when and where sewage treatment is operational and BOD5=80 mg/l is achieved by the sewage treatment
system.
Provided discharge is not at shore and not within 10 miles of mangrove or other important estuaries.

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APPENDIX-4.2
WATER QUALITY GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS

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261

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APPENDIX-6.1
RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA)

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Appendix 6.1 of ADBs Environment Policy

Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist


IRRIGATION
Country/Project Title:

Pakistan / Sulemanki Barrage Rehabilitation and Upgrading

Prepared by:

Water Resources Division NESPAK (Project Consultant)


SCREENING QUESTIONS

YES

No

REMARKS

A. Project Siting
Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the
following environmentally sensitive areas?
Barrage pond area provides habitat of migrating birds mainly
water fowl. Wildlife Department prohibited shooting or pouching of
animals without permit in the barrage pond area.
Barrage pond area is a wetland but not a registered wetland. Also
scope of work includes working at barrage only

Protected Area

Wetland

Mangrove

No Mangroves found on site

Estuarine

Not Applicable (NA)

Buffer zone of protected area

No buffer zone marked for protected area

Special area for protecting biodiversity

The area is not a special area for protecting biodiversity

No permanent adverse environmental impact is anticipated from the Project Siting. All the impacts will be of temporary nature and mitigable.
B. Potential Environmental Impacts
Will the Project cause...

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SCREENING QUESTIONS

IEE Report

YES

Loss of precious ecological values (e.g. result of


encroachment into forests/swamp lands or
historical/cultural buildings/areas, disruption of
hydrology of natural waterways, regional flooding, and
drainage hazards)?

No

REMARKS
Loss any ecological values is not anticipated. In fact the proposed
improvement in the existing Public Parks and new plantation along
the proposed escaped channel will increase the aesthetic value
and biodiversity of the area.

No conflicts in water supply rights are anticipated as there will be


no change in water courses.

Impediments to movements of people and animals?

Temporary impediments of people and livestock during


construction will be control through careful selection of
contractors camp locations and provision of alternative routines
and access paths (implementation of traffic management plan).

Potential ecological problems due to increased soil


erosion and siltation, leading to decreased stream
capacity?

Bela excavation will improve river approach and increase the


barrage capacity

Insufficient drainage leading to salinity intrusion?

Over pumping of groundwater, leading to salinization


and ground subsidence?

Impairment of downstream water quality and


therefore, impairment of downstream beneficial uses
of water?

Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

Conflicts in water supply rights and related social


conflicts?

Potential social conflicts arising from land tenure and


land use issues?

Soil erosion before compaction and lining of canals?

Noise from construction equipment?

dust?

Projects activities will not cause and salinity provided the control
measure suggested in the EIA report are strictly followed.
Over pumping of groundwater is not anticipated. Groundwater
pumping for the water supply and filling of wetting channels is
negligible compare to the available ample source of groundwater.
Deterioration of water quality is not anticipated however accidental
spill or inadequate wastewater disposal could damage the water
quality of the area. This will be controlled by practicing good
housekeeping and following appropriate wastewater disposal
system as recommended in EIA report.
There is no resettlement of people required for this project.
Cutoff date will be announced and the local community will be
informed at suitable forum well before acquiring government land
for project implementation to stop leasing out the required land for
cultivation.
Soil erosion is not anticipated as the project is only a rehabilitation
of existing canal system.
It will be further ensured that suitable Plant & Equipment use will
minimize noise.
Temporary dust pollution in the area may arise by heavy vehicles
movement and earth work activities. Mitigation through sprinkling
water when required. 24 hours monitoring of dust is proposed in

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SCREENING QUESTIONS

IEE Report

YES

No

REMARKS
Environment Management Plan

Labour-related social problems especially if workers


from different areas are hired?

Sufficient local source of labour is available locally. Outside labour


will be employed only for those fields for which local skilled labour
is not available. Regular public consultation and awareness
courses will be arranged on communicable diseases during
construction phase.

Waterlogging and soil salinization due to inadequate


drainage and farm management?

No waterlogging and salinization impact is anticipated from the


project implementation

Leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soil


characteristics due to excessive application of
irrigation water?

NA

Reduction of downstream water supply during peak


seasons?

Work will be managed during routine canal closure and design


provides cofferdam or temporary structure (diverting channels) to
maintain the routine canal flow.

Soil pollution, polluted farm runoff and groundwater,


and public health risks due to excessive application of
fertilizers and pesticides?

NA
NA

Logging of canals by sediments?

Clogging of canals by weeds?

NA

Seawater intrusion into downstream freshwater


systems?

NA

Introduction of increase in incidence of waterborne or


water related diseases?

Inappropriate disposal of wastewater and solid waste form


contractors camp could trigger the water based diseases in the
area. Provision of suitable sanitation system and wastewater
collection and disposal arrangements will be ensured. The waste
disposal site will be away from the water courses and the disposal
site will be designed appropriately to avoid leachate contaminating
the water bodies.

Soil erosion (furrow, surface)?


Scouring of canals?

NA
NA

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