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About NavCad
NavCad is for the prediction and analysis of vessel speed and power
performance. It also provides for the selection of suitable propulsion system
components engines, gears and propellers. NavCad can be used for the design
and analysis of virtually any type of monohull or catamaran from large
displacement vessels to fast planing craft.
In this Evaluation Demo Guide, you can find:
How to get started with the HydroComp NavCad 2013 Evaluation Demo
Step by step resistance and propulsion example
Explanations of data entry screens and fields
Description of features in teh full commercial version of NavCad
Contents
Table of Contents
Part I What Can I Do With The NavCad Demo?
1 Demo Limitations
................................................................................................................................... 8
10
1 Getting Around
...................................................................................................................................
NavCad
10
2 Toolbar Guide
................................................................................................................................... 11
3 Configuring
...................................................................................................................................
NavCad Options For First Use
12
16
1 Step 1 - Beginning
...................................................................................................................................
a New Project
16
2 Step 2 - Make
...................................................................................................................................
a Task List
16
3 Step 3 - Setting
...................................................................................................................................
Units for the New Project
17
4 Step 4 - Enter
...................................................................................................................................
Condition Data
17
5 Step 5 - Enter
...................................................................................................................................
Hull Data
18
6 Step 6 - Enter
...................................................................................................................................
Appendage Data
19
7 Step 7 - Build
...................................................................................................................................
a Resistance Prediction
21
8 Step 8 - Select
...................................................................................................................................
the Bare-Hull Prediction Method
21
9 Step 9 - Enter
...................................................................................................................................
Remaining Prediction Parameters
22
10 Step 10 - ...................................................................................................................................
Run the Resistance Prediction
22
11 Step 11 - ...................................................................................................................................
View and Save Graphs
23
12 Step 12 - ...................................................................................................................................
Create Custom Graphs
24
13 Step 13 - ...................................................................................................................................
View and Print Reports
25
14 Step 14 - ...................................................................................................................................
Define the Propulsor
25
15 Step 15 - ...................................................................................................................................
Configure a Propulsion Analysis
26
16 Step 16 - ...................................................................................................................................
Run the Propulsion Analysis
27
17 Step 17 - ...................................................................................................................................
Create Engine Data
27
18 Step 18 - ...................................................................................................................................
Propeller Sizing
28
19 Step 19 - ...................................................................................................................................
Review the Propulsion Analysis
29
20 Step 20 - ...................................................................................................................................
Closing NavCad
31
34
1 Export Propeller
...................................................................................................................................
CAD Shape
34
2 Resistance
...................................................................................................................................
Parameter Influence
34
38
1 HydroComp
...................................................................................................................................
Common Format Files
38
40
................................................................................................................................... 40
Holtrop
.......................................................................................................................................................... 40
44
1 Symbols ...................................................................................................................................
and Values
44
48
1 Blade Scan
...................................................................................................................................
Analysis
48
2 Catamaran
...................................................................................................................................
Interference
48
3 Custom Bow
...................................................................................................................................
and Stern Shape Coefficients
48
4 Confidence
...................................................................................................................................
Plots and Benchmark Vessels
49
5 Drag Reduction
................................................................................................................................... 50
6 Dynamic ...................................................................................................................................
Stability
50
7 Dynamic ...................................................................................................................................
Trim
51
8 Effect of Initial
...................................................................................................................................
Trim
51
9 Hydroacoustic
...................................................................................................................................
Analysis
51
10 Oblique Flow
...................................................................................................................................
Correction
52
11 Planing Station
...................................................................................................................................
Estimate
53
12 Propeller ...................................................................................................................................
Cup
53
13 Propeller ...................................................................................................................................
KTKQ Corrections
53
14 Propeller ...................................................................................................................................
Sizing By Thrust
54
15 Propulsor...................................................................................................................................
Options
55
16 Propulsor...................................................................................................................................
Type for Planing
56
17 Shallow Water
...................................................................................................................................
Sinkage and Trim
56
18 Sizing Gear
...................................................................................................................................
Ratio and BAR
56
19 Spray Drag
................................................................................................................................... 57
20 Submarine/SWATH
................................................................................................................................... 57
21 Synchronous
...................................................................................................................................
Pitching
57
22 Tunnel Thruster
...................................................................................................................................
Sizing
58
23 Vessel Prediction
...................................................................................................................................
Methods
58
62
0
Part
I
What Can I Do With The
NavCad Demo?
1.1
Demo Limitations
The following table lists the subset of the full NavCad capabilities which are available in the demo:
Available in the demo
Monohulls
Catamarans
Prediction technique
B Series propellers
Sub-cavitating performance
Part
II
Getting Started
10
Getting Started
This chapter provides an overview on the operation of NavCad, including a tutorial example. It is
intended to allow you to investigate the entire interface, calculation procedures, and output.
2.1
At the top of the window is the Main menu (File, Edit, etc.) containing the many menu commands
which bring up data entry forms and launch calculations. Immediately underneath is the Toolbar
with buttons for frequently-used commands. To the left of the screen are the Resistance mode
analysis parameters and Propulsion mode analysis parameters, as well as a Task list. In the
center of the screen are the various Vessel parameters tables. To the right is the Graphs and
reports window. At the bottom is the Performance summary spreadsheet.
Note: A Toolbar Guide is found in the next section of this chapter. This guide describes the function
of each button.
Getting Started
11
Task list
A user-definable Task List is available to help with project management. A variety of standard task
lists are available as initial templates.
Performance summary
A Performance summary spreadsheet shown at the bottom of the NavCad screen holds the active
performance analysis results. The values shown in the summary are different for Resistance and
Propulsion modes, and all of the results are updated on every calculation. This insures that all data
and results are properly related to their equilibrium resistance-propulsion relationships.
2.2
Toolbar Guide
The toolbar enables quick access to frequently-used tasks. The first section holds File handling
buttons. The second group selects the Calculation mode Resistance or Propulsion. The Edit and
Calculate groups follow. Graph file handling buttons are followed by Graphing and Reporting
buttons. The last group holds the Help button.
File handling
New project creates a new NavCad job file.
Open project opens a previously saved NavCad job file.
Save project saves the current NavCad job file.
Calculation mode
Mode: Resistance enables the resistance analysis mode.
Mode: Propulsion enables the propulsion analysis mode.
Data editing
Units opens the unit and formatting entry window.
Show as coefficients toggles between units and coefficients for the current entry
table.
Edit condition data opens the condition edit entry table.
12
Print toolbar
Page setup set print page size, margins and orientation.
Print report prints the currently displayed report.
Help
Help opens the NavCad help file.
2.3
Getting Started
13
Interface
This group sets standard interface options.
Theme
Choose the color theme that you prefer Silver, Sky, or Forest.
Reports
Configure how your reports will be prepared in this group.
Prepared by
Enter your name or company name.
Symbols page
You can choose to Show or Omit the standard results symbols page in each report.
Default layout
Set up your selection of report page size Letter/Portrait, A4/Portrait or User defined. You can
use the User defined option to set up other orientations.
Email
Reports can be packaged directly to an email, so you can set up email messaging details here.
(Error and warning messages can also be forwarded to an email.)
Messaging
This is the description of the messaging protocol supporting your email program. There are
three principal email setting options, all based on MAPI email messaging MAPI/Control, MAPI/
Direct, and MAPI/CDO that support most popular Windows email programs (e.g., Outlook,
Outlook Express, Thunderbird, Windows Live Mail). You can choose your preferred email
setting in the Page setup. (Note: They may also be set by the application program). Click the
Find... button to let NavCad identify and test which protocol is recommended.
Notes: MAPI/CDO is for Microsoft Outlook only, and it requires the CDO.DLL system file
(v1.21 or newer). This DLL file is not always installed with Windows or Outlook, so if you
need this file, you can download it from Microsoft. A MAPI "Profile" is required for this
feature. Most email programs will establish a Profile without special setup by the user.
Resolve name
This is an optional setting that is required by some email programs. If the email messaging in
NavCad is not functioning properly, you can try changing this setting.
15
Part
III
A General Example
16
A General Example
This chapter is an multi-step introduction to the operation of NavCad. The example uses data for a
78 m fast monohull vessel.
3.1
3.2
Use the Task lists to help establish "best practices" for your use
of NavCad.
A General Example
3.3
17
3.4
18
3.5
Configuration: = select
Monohull
Chine typ:e = select Roundbilge
Length on WL: = 78.05
Max beam on WL: = 11.5
Max molded draft: = 4.25
Displacement: = 1859.4
Wetted surface: = omit for now
LCB fwd TR: = 38.58 (forward
transom)
LCF fwd TR: = 0 (unknown)
Click Show as
coefficients toolbar
button to allow nondimensional entry.
Max section area: = 0.771 [CX]
Waterplane area: = 0.765
[CWP]
Click the button again to return
to dimensional editing.
A General Example
19
3.6
20
A General Example
3.7
21
Once all of the data is entered for the condition, hull and
appendage, you can build a resistance prediction. (With the full
commercial version of NavCad, you would also consider drag
for wind, seas, even shallow water.)
3.8
22
3.9
3.10
Once you have entered all data and defined how you want the
prediction calculation to proceed, you can run the analysis.
Click Analysis |
Calculate: Resistance
A General Example
23
Sometimes you may have a hull that does not fully comply with
any prediction method, where some parameters of the hull may
be outside method's range. The Parameter influence analysis
evaluates the "influence" of each hull data item.
3.11
24
3.12
A General Example
3.13
25
NavCad generates all reports via an integrated "report viewer". Reports can
viewed, printed, and saved as a PDF or CSV file.
3.14
26
3.15
A General Example
27
3.16
3.17
28
3.18
Propeller sizing is
conducted as part of the
propulsion analysis, so
click Analysis |
Calculate: Propulsion
from the menu, or the
toolbar button.
The Propeller sizing window
will be displayed. In the window
enter the following data:
Gear ratio: = select Keep and
A General Example
29
enter 4
Expanded area ratio: = Keep
and enter 0.55
Propeller diameter: = Size
Propeller mean pitch: = Size
The propeller will be sized for
the following Design condition
:
Max prop diam: = 3000
Design speed: = 20
Reference power: = Click the
estimate button, and select the
engine's Rated power value
Design point: = Click the
estimate button, and select
100% MCR
Reference RPM: = Click the
estimate button, and select the
Rated RPM value
Design point: = select 100%
rated (to size for full rated
RPM)
Click the Size button and
review the results. Click OK to
update the propeller data with
the new results.
3.19
30
A General Example
3.20
31
32
33
Part
IV
Supplemental Tools
34
Supplemental Tools
NavCad provides a number of Supplemental tools, which are independent of standard
resistance or power prediction analyses. You can find these utilities and calculations in the
Vessel analysis, Propulsion analysis, and Utilities groups under the Tools menu.
Clicking on one of the Quick-calc reports will immediately run a prediction and launch a report.
All data, results and parameters are shown on the report. The other supplemental calculations
will be launched from its own data entry form.
4.1
Example
A propeller must be defined in the Propulsor table before exporting the propeller CAD shape.
1. Click Tools | Utilities | Export propeller CAD shape... from the menu to export a CAD
file of the propeller shape in IGES format.
2. Then use import the file in your CAD modeling program.
4.2
Supplemental Tools
35
Sometimes you may have a hull that does not fully comply with any prediction method, where some
parameters of the hull may be outside method's range. The Parameter influence analysis evaluates
the "influence" of each hull data item.
37
Part
V
Data Files
38
Data Files
5.1
JSON format
All HydroComp Common Format files are based on the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
architecture [Kaplan, 2011]. The format for data contained in JSON files will be recognizable to
anyone that has written C-language code, as the organization is very much like a C-language class
data structure. Each block begins with an identifier for a data group (e.g., "Units", "Hull,
"SpeedPerformance") and within each block are a series of related entries.
Project files
The project and external data files for NavCad 2012+ area:
1. HydroComp NavCad (*.hcnc). This project file contains all of the calculation parameters
and results of a NavCad analysis. No external reference files (e.g., for engines or waterjets)
are needed, as all imported data is saved with the file.
39
Part
VI
Prediction Sources
40
Prediction Sources
This chapter contains summaries of the many performance prediction sources used in NavCad.
6.1
Vessel
The various vessel-specific resistance and hull-propulsor prediction methods found in NavCad
are described here.
6.1.1
Holtrop
Reference
Vessel type
Prediction scope
Hull:
Data estimates
Resistance:
Bare-hull resistance
Propulsion:
Hull-propulsor interaction coefficients
Parameters
Propellers 12
CP(LWL) 0.550.85
LWL/BWL 3.914.9
BWL/T 2.14.0
Lambda 0max determined by FN (see Remarks below)
Includes analysis for: Immersed transom and bulbous bow
Speed range
Prediction Sources
41
Not presented.
Methodology
3-D CW , ITTC-57 CF, random model tests and full scale trial data.
Pseudo-drag coefficient.
Full scale, open propellers.
Remarks
43
Part
VII
Symbols and Values
44
7.1
45
47
Part
VIII
Commercial Features
48
Commercial Features
These are features that are only available in the commercial version of NavCad.
8.1
8.2
Catamaran Interference
A catamaran is made up of two hulls in close proximity with each other, and this proximity
causes some measure of hydrodynamic interaction. In some cases, this interaction is extremely
small. In other cases, it can be quite significant. The NavCad demo only supports Monohulls.
Catamaran interference is generally a function of hull geometry, spacing, and speed. There will
be a change in the viscous (frictional) drag due to a number of factors, such as a "blockage
effect" between the hulls. The increase in local water speed between the demi-hulls changes
local pressures and wave systems, non-symmetric flow changes the stern wave system
(particularly with a transom-stern), and the reflection of waves off of the other hull interact with
the principle waves. There is an additional effect with planing catamarans, whereby the altered
water flow results in a different "angle of attack" of the planing body.
HydroComp has developed algorithms for the prediction of the interference factors using a
variety of model tests, CFD analyses, and full-scale trials.
8.3
Commercial Features
8.4
49
Confidence plots
These plots display the predicted RBARE (for Resistance) or PBTOTAL (for Propulsion) versus
Speed. Lines of anticipated lower limits are added to provide end-user guidance. In other words, it
would be unexpected to have a vessel with a drag or power prediction that would be lower than the
plotted confidence lines. In these examples, the plots are showing a "best possible drag" line for
high-speed round-bilge displacement hulls (HSRBDH Min) and a "best power" line for round-bilge
monohulls (RB monohull). The plots suggest that the example prediction may be a bit too optimistic,
and the use of a resistance margin would increase the predictions.
An additional option is the Efficiency confidence plot. This compares the prediction of propeller
efficiency against the calculated Ideal efficiency and an estimate of the "best reasonable" state-ofthe-art efficiency.
50
Benchmark vessels
An addition to the Propulsion [Confidence] plot is the ability to include points for up to five
Benchmark vessels. (See the Propulsion confidence plot above.)This feature allows entry of basic
data (length, displacement, speed, power), which which NavCad scales equivalent values for the
project ship. These benchmark points will therefore provide compatible system-level comparisons to
known ships.
8.5
Drag Reduction
In the full NavCad, once hull data has been entered and a resistance prediction built, you can use
the supplemental Drag reduction calculation to evaluate how a change in a hull parameter can
reduce drag. You can define Primary and Secondary speeds of operation, and NavCad evaluates
and ranks the influence on drag for significant data items (e.g., length, beam, LCB).
The change that would lead to a reduction in drag is indicated (e.g., Increase [+]) and is ranked
by the influence of change in drag versus the change in the parameter. Significant parameters
are shown in blue.
When Speed and Time at speed are entered for both Primary and Secondary operation, the
analysis evaluates a weighted influence of the parameter. More than just a time-weighted
influence, the analysis includes the basis bare-hull resistance at each speed to derive a Total
energy weighted influence. In other words, since resistance at top speed can be substantially
more than at lower speeds, it should (and does) have greater significance in the analysis.
8.6
Dynamic Stability
Beyond the steady-state equilibrium of forces and moments that are evaluated for planing hull,
the full commercial versions of NavCad provides a basic assessment of dynamic stability. This
is only pertinent to planing hulls, and deals with both longitudinal (porpoising) and transverse
(roll) stability.
NavCad provides a prediction of the likelihood of longitudinal dynamic instability (more
commonly known as "porpoising"). Porpoising is a complex coupling of heave and pitch that are
2013 HydroComp, Inc.
Commercial Features
51
dependent on a variety of hull properties, such as loading, speed and LCG position. Three
different evaluation algorithms are evaluated in NavCad.
The prediction of transverse (roll) stability is based on a comparison of VCG to a virtual
"metacenter". This is a simplified "uncoupled" check (i.e., without effect of appendages or
coupled yaw), and is therefore likely to be conservative.
NavCad evaluates the criteria and presents the likelihood of dynamic stability as Stable (no
instability is indicated), Uncertain ! (instability is potentially indicated), or Unstable !! (instability
is clearly indicated). Where multiple methods are available, a Summary is shown.
8.7
Dynamic Trim
While the Planing hull analysis in NavCad incorporates an equilibrium-trim analysis that
explicitly identifies the dynamic operating trim at each speed, certain non-planing hull types (i.e.,
transom-stern "semi-displacement" forms) also will trim at higher speeds. The Dynamic trim
supplemental calculation provides predictions for dynamic trim.
In the full commercial version of NavCad, there are two prediction methods available for the
prediction of dynamic trim for ITTC-78 (CT) hulls, and one additional method for Planing hulls.
8.8
8.9
Hydroacoustic Analysis
Many ships operate with a highly-variable propeller wake field caused by appendages, skegs,
and narrow blade tip clearance to the hull. This can result in high impulse pressures and blade
tip vortices as the propeller blades pass through regions of changing water velocity. This is
particularly significant when the blade tip is nearest the hull, where these impulses and the tip
vortex can be causes of noise and vibration. The commercial version of NavCad offers some
simple hydroacoustic analyses that can be used to evaluate the potential for noise and vibration.
Multiple parametric analyses are employed to assess the hydroacoustic properties. First, direct
52
8.10
Commercial Features
8.11
53
8.12
Propeller Cup
A widely used technique to alter propeller performance is with propeller cup a curvature
applied to the trailing edge of a propeller blade. Propeller cup is simply the deformation of a
propellers trailing edge toward the pressure face (see the figure below). Providing a measure of
camber to the blade, it changes the pressure distribution along the blades chord length
adding lift toward the trailing edge, thus allowing greater cavitation margin with increasing thrust
loading.
A propeller with cup acts like an uncupped propeller with a higher pitch. By describing the
amount of cup "drop" (dimension X above), NavCads cupping performance model can predict
the change in thrust and power, as well as appropriate cavitation levels.
Note: NavCad's current cupping prediction model is based on a re-analysis of the original work
(plus new supplemental data). This provides increased KT and KQ prediction accuracy, as well
as improvements in the prediction of cavitation breakdown.
8.13
54
Scale correction
An often overlooked correction necessary for a true reflection of full-scale performance is scale
correction. When a propeller is tested at a particular size (say, 250 mm or 10 in), the results of
the test include the influence of the water's viscosity. As a propeller's is increased (perhaps by
as much as 20-30 times), the change in the effect of viscosity is not consistent with the
proportional change in the size of the propeller. The KT and KQ charts and equations are usually
presented for one particular value of RN that represents a nominal model-scale propeller. These
nominal KT and KQ values are generally adequate "as is" for small craft propellers in slow and
moderate speed operation. As vessel speed, propeller RPM or diameter increases, however,
the effect of scale is much more pronounced. Thus, scale correction is an important
consideration for proper performance prediction.
Geometric corrections
NavCad includes two additional corrections for any differences in thickness/chord (t/c) ratio and
blade roughness from the series standards.
Cavitation breakdown
The model propellers of the open-wheel series were tested in both non-cavitating and cavitating
modes. This allows for the effect of excessive cavitation on KT, KQ and efficiency to be
evaluated. The methods used to find the breakdown of thrust and torque are different for each
series:
B Series based on limiting thrust load and torque load coefficient lines.
Gawn AEW and Gawn KCA a relationship was developed by HydroComp based on a
re-analysis of the Gawn KCA data using cavitation and loading coefficients.
Kaplan 19A a modified version of the above cavitation breakdown for use with Kaplan
KA propellers in the 19A nozzle.
8.14
Commercial Features
55
greatly. For example, Towing or Fixed engine RPM analyses are heavily influenced by the
maximum installed engine power (such as you would see with a harbor tug pushing a tanker,
or during a bollard test), so you would typically always size By power.
By thrust. Free run applications would be considered differently. Early in the design process
before an engine model is selected you generally are interested in finding a propeller to
match the hull's resistance demand, so you would size a propeller By thrust. Given your
defined maximum diameter, the propeller will then be optimized for a proper thrust
requirement, and you can see the corresponding required power and optimum RPM to help
select your engine and gear ratio. (Remember to consider your service margins throughout
this process.)
By total drag. A convenient variant of sizing By thrust is to size By total drag, where the
required thrust for the sizing is automatically calculated from the predicted total resistance
and thrust deduction.
8.15
Propulsor Options
The NavCad demo only supports a 4-bladed fixed-pitch B Series propeller 0.55 blade area ratio
as the propulsor option. The commercial version of NavCad also provides for use of waterjets
and propeller test data.
Propeller types
The NavCad demo supports only a Fixed Pitch Propeller (FPP). These propellers have a blade
that is rigidly fixed to its hub. Other options found in NavCad include Controllable Pitch
Propellers (CPP) and Contra-Rotating Propellers (CRP).
Propeller series
While the B Series open-wheel propeller series is only supported in the demo, there are nine
other series available in NavCad three open-wheel series, five ducted propeller series, one
surface-piercing series, and one cycloidal propeller method. The three open-wheel propeller
series are the B Series, Gawn AEW and Gawn KCA. For ducted propellers, NavCad includes
Kaplan propellers in the 19A, 33 and 37 nozzles in both KA and KC variants. The SP Series is
for surface-piercing propellers and the Cycloidal is used for the "Voith-Schneider" type cycloidal
propellers.
Aligned series
A propeller Aligned series prediction correlates a series prediction to the entered KT/KQ data of
the reference propeller. This allows you to alter the series' prediction based on the performance
of the propeller model. The resulting KT/KQ figures reflect the qualitative "shape" of the
underlying series, with a quantitative correction derived from the propeller model.
KTKQ data
Rather than using a Series or Aligned series to calculate the performance of a propeller, you
can directly point to a reference propeller's known KT/KQ data. Where a propeller series uses a
systematic collection of KT/KQ tests to make up a performance prediction algorithm, the KTKQ
data option points directly to the actual tested performance of a single reference propeller.
NavCad allows scaling of the propeller by diameter, but number of blades, pitch/diameter ratio,
and blade area ratio are constrained to that of the reference propeller.
Waterjets
In addition to propellers, propulsion analysis calculations in NavCad can be performed with
2013 HydroComp, Inc.
56
8.16
8.17
8.18
Commercial Features
57
While not actually a propeller parameter, finding the optimum gear ratio (actually the solution of
optimum shaft RPM) is typically the first and perhaps most important part of a successful
propeller installation. The solution for optimum shaft RPM must be made in conjunction with a
Maximum propeller diameter. The largest diameter and the lowest shaft RPM typically produces the
greatest theoretical efficiency. However, the RPM can only be effectively lowered (and optimum
diameter increased) until the maximum allowable diameter is reached.
Small changes in expanded blade area ratio do not greatly affect theoretical performance, but the
clear trend is that less blade area increases efficiency. Cavitation limits are imposed on the solution
of optimum Expanded area ratio.
8.19
Spray Drag
An option to the prediction of resistance is for the addition of spray drag. The commercial
version of NavCad supports added spray drag for both ITTC-78 (CT) methods as well as
Planing methods.
For ITTC-78 (CT) methods, HydroComp has developed a prediction method for the added drag
due to spray in NavCad based on model tests using CVOL and B/T as the independent
variables. Spray drag is only significant above FN=1. For planing hulls, a method was
implemented that determines the area of the stagnation "whisker spray" along with a proper
prediction for the frictional resistance coefficient of the spray.
8.20
Submarine/SWATH
Prediction of resistance and hull-propulsor coefficients can be conducted with NavCad as a special
calculation using the Defined prediction technique. The resistance prediction methodology is based
on typical ITTC-78 (CT) approach, with residuary and viscous resistance. Prediction of the hullpropulsor interaction coefficients are also available.
The definition of the submerged hulls of submarines and SWATH vessels in NavCad is a treatment
of traditional parametric descriptions of "body-of-revolution" submarine hulls. The traditional
parametric data has been expanded to provide for non-cylindrical sections, as well as increased
detail of nose geometry. It also includes definition of single strut geometry suitable for SWATH
vessels.
8.21
Synchronous Pitching
Pitching is the bow up-and-down motion that a ship exhibits when moving into seas. One of the
more severe conditions that a ship might encounter is pitching when traveling into regular heads
seas. Given the right combination of ship-to-wavelength ratio and speed (or period of
encounter), a ship can develop a very dangerous resonance called Synchronous pitching.
Two levels of synchronous pitching are evaluated Severe or Moderate. NavCad evaluates the
criteria and presents the likelihood of synchronous pitching as Unlikely (no synchronous
pitching is indicated), Possible ! (synchronous pitching is potentially indicated), or Likely !!
58
8.22
8.23
Blount-Fox
BSRA Series
DeGroot HC
Commercial Features
DeGroot RB
Denny
General use
Doust Trawler
Fung (CRTS)
Fung (HSTS)
Holtrop
Jin (1980)
Jin (1988)
Kostov
Lahtiharju (HC)
Lahtiharju (RB)
MARAD
Mercier
NPL Series
NTUA Series
Oortmerssen
Roach
Tugboats
Savitsky
Series 60
Series 62
Series 65B
Simple Planing
Simple Sailboat
59
60
Simple Towboat
Simple Waterjet
Swift
UBC Series
Webb Twin-Screw
61
Part
IX
The NavCad User's Guide
62
63