3. The main structural types of English words.

3.1. Simple (root) words

According to the number of morphemes words can be classified
into monomorphic and polymorphic.Monomorphic or root-words
consist of only one root-morpheme, e.g. small, dog, make,
give, etc
.All polymorphic word fall into two subgroups: derived
words and
compound words according to the number of root-morphemes
they have.
3.2. Derived words.
Derived words are composed of one root-morpheme and one
or more derivational morphemes, e.g. acceptable, outdo,
disagreeable, etc.

or only root-morphemes as in lamp-shade, eye-ball, etc.

3.4. Shortenings.
Shortening is the process of substituting a part for a whole.
Shortenings may
be different kinds: 1) Clipping. It is cutting off a part of a word to
one or two
syllables. The beggining of the word is shortened: phone-telephone, the middle
of the word shortened: mart--market, the end is shortened:
ed(editor),
ad(advertisement). 2)Abbreviation is forming a word out of the
initial
elements of a word combination: MP (member of parliament),
UNO,
FBI, CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), USA. Often met in
newspaper style.

3.3. Compounds.
Compound words are those which contain at least two
root-morphemes, the number of derivational morphemes
being insignificant. There can be both root- and derivational
morphemes in compounds as in pen-holder, light-mindedness,

4. Compounds

4.3. Types of compounds.

4.1. Criteria for compounds. Compounds contrasted to other units (simple

words, phrases)

A compound word is a word composed entirely of smaller words.

Compound words are hard to distinguish from free word
combinations.
Compound words are words created by word composition. The
difference between a compound and a phrase must be determined
separately for each lang-ge. English compounds differ from
phrases in the phonemic modification of their components, in the
kind of juncture between them, in the stress pattern, or in a
combination of these features.
4.2. Ways of forming compound words
a) simple neutral compound - consists of simple affix stem
shop-window, bedroom, sunflower, toy-boy.
b) derived compound these are compound with affixes in their
structure.
c) contracted these are compound words with a shortened stem
in their structure
V-day ( ).

1. neutral are such compound which are formed without any

linking element. They are build by connection of two or more
words.
ship-window, baby-sitter, marry-go-round
2. morphological compound- these are compound words with 2
stems linked by a vowel or consonant
[Angl]o-Saxon, [spoke]s[man]
3. syntactic compound - are formed from segments of speech.
They are formed according the grammatical pattern existing in
present day language.
marry-go-round, lily-of-the-valley ( ), good-fornothing ( ), sit-at-home ().
5. Immediate constituents.
A basic sentence pattern consists first of all of a subject and a
predicate. These are called the immediate constituents of the
sentence. They are constituents in the sense that they constitute, or
make up, the sentence. They are immediate in the sense that they
act immediately on one another: the whole meaning of the one
applies to the whole meaning of the other.
The function of the main parts of the sentence the subject and
the predicate, is to make the predication, to contain the meanings
of predicativity (relation of the sentence to the situation of the
speech). It includes relations to the act of speech, to the speaker,
and to reality.