WAJA F5Chemistry 2009

Chapter 3 : Oxidation And Reduction

Chapter 3: Oxidation and Reduction

ANSWERS
Activity 1
1.

The meaning of oxidation and reduction in terms of:

(a)

The process is oxidation

The process is reduction
it reduces lead(II) oxide to lead
it oxidises magnesium to magnesium oxide

The process is oxidation

The process is reduction
it reduces chlorine to hydrogen chloride
it oxidises hydrogen sulphide to sulphur

The process is oxidation

The process is reduction
it reduces chlorine to chloride ion
it oxidises sodium atom to sodium ion

(b)

(c)

(d)

2.

Na is oxidized to Na+ : Na is a reducing agent

Cl2 is reduced to Cl- : Cl2 is an oxidising agent

Redox reactions are chemical reactions involving oxidation and reduction

occurring simultaneously.

WAJA F5Chemistry 2009

Chapter 3 : Oxidation And Reduction

Activity 2
reduction
ZnO + Mg MgO + Zn
oxidation
reduction
Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2
Oxidation
oxidation
2HI + Cl2 I2 + 2HCl
reduction
oxidation
2NH3 + 3Br2 N2 + 6HBr
reduction

Activity 3
(a)

(b)

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

(i)

oxidising

(ii)

reducing

(i)

Oxidising agent

oxygen gas

Reducing agent

zinc

Oxidising agent

carbon dioxide

Reducing agent

magnesium

(ii)

WAJA F5Chemistry 2009

Chapter 3 : Oxidation And Reduction

Activity 4
1.

a)

+6 to +3. Reduction

b)

+4 to +2. Reduction

c)

0 to +3. Oxidation

d)

0 to +2. Oxidation

2.
Chlorine
compound
Nitrogen
Compoun
d

HCl

HClO

HClO2

ClO2

HClO3

HClO4

-1

+1

+3

+4

+5

+7

NH3

N2O

NO

NO2-

NO2

NO3-

-3

+1

+2

+3

+4

+5

3.
Formula of compound
CuSO4
Cu2O
CrCl3
Cr2 O72NO3NH4+
MnO2

Oxidation number
+2
+1
+3
+6
+5
-3
+4

Name of compound
Copper (II) sulphate
Copper (I) oxide
Chromium (III) chloride
Dichromate (VI) ion
Nitrate ion
Ammonium ion
Manganese (IV) oxide

Activity 5
a)

Oxidation half-equation
Reduction half equation
Oxidised substance
Reduced substance
Oxidising agent
Reducing agent

:
:
:
:
:
:

2I- I2 + 2e
Cl2 + 2e 2ClIodide ion
Chlorine
Chlorine
Iodide ion

b)

Oxidation half-equation
Reduction half equation
Oxidised substance
Reduced substance
Oxidising agent

:
:
:
:
:

Mg Mg2+ + 2e
2H+ + 2e H2
Magnesium
Hydrogen ion / HCl
Hydrogen ion / HCl

WAJA F5Chemistry 2009

Chapter 3 : Oxidation And Reduction

Reducing agent

Magnesium

c)

Oxidation half-equation
Reduction half equation
Oxidised substance
Reduced substance
Oxidising agent
Reducing agent

:
:
:
:
:
:

Pb Pb2+ + 2e
Br2 + 2e 2BrLead
Bromine
Bromine
Lead

d)

Oxidation half-equation
Reduction half equation
Oxidised substance
Reduced substance
Oxidising agent
Reducing agent

:
:
:
:
:
:

Na Na+ + e
O2 + 4e 2O2Sodium
Oxygen
Oxygen
Sodium

Activity 6
Changing Iron(II) ions Fe2+ to Iron(III) ions Fe3+

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

The test tube contains 2.0 cm3 of Iron (II) sulphate solution.
Add bromine water drop by drop into the test tube and heat the mixture.
Record the observation
Observation :
The colour of iron(II) sulphate solution change from pale green to yellowishbrown. The bromine water change from brown to colourless. In order to detect
iron(III) ion in the solution, add sodium hydroxide solution in excess. Brown
precipitate of iron(III) hydroxide is formed.
Concept :
a)
Iron(II) ion is oxidised to iron(III) ion by Bromine water. At the same
time, Bromine water is reduced to bromide ion.
b)

c)
d)
e)

Half equation
Fe2+ Fe3+ + e
Br2 + 2e 2BrIron(II) ions lose electrons to become iron(III) ions. Iron(II) ions
are oxidised.
Bromine molecules gain electrons to form bromide ions. Bromine
molecules are reduced.
Reducing agent : Iron (II) ions.
Oxidising agent : Bromine water.

WAJA F5Chemistry 2009

Chapter 3 : Oxidation And Reduction

Changing Iron(III) ions Fe3+ to Iron(II) ions Fe2+

1. iron (III) chloride
2. zinc powder
3. observation.
4. a. (i) yellow
(ii) green.
b. (i) sodium hydroxide solution.
(ii) green
5. Concept :
a. (i) reduced (ii) zinc powder (iii) oxidised (iv) zinc ion.
b. Fe3+ + e Fe2+
Zn Zn2+ + 2e
c. (i) gain (ii) reduced.
d. (i) loses (ii) Zinc / Zn2+ ions. (iii) oxidised
e. (i) Zinc.

(ii) Iron (III) / Fe3+ ions

Activity 7
1.

(i) more

(ii) easily

(iii) stronger

2.

(i) lower

(ii) reducing agent

(iii) oxidising agent

Activity 8
1)

seventeen

2)

receive

3)

halide

4)

decreases

5)

oxidising agent

6)

(i) more

(ii) less

WAJA F5Chemistry 2009

Chapter 3 : Oxidation And Reduction

Activity 9
1.

Redox reaction involving bromine water and potassium iodide solution

1. Electrons flow from X to Y

2. The colour of potassium iodide solution
changes from colourless to brown
3. The colour of bromine water changes
from brown to colourless
________________
4. Oxidation half-equation :
2I- I2 + 2e
Reduction half-equation :
Br2 + 2e 2Br5.

Overall Ionic Equation :

Br2 + 2I- 2Br- + I2

6. Oxidising agent : Br2 (bromine)

7. Reducing agent : I- (iodide ion)
2.

(a)

+7 to +2 // +7 +2

(b)

Iodine

(c)

2I- I2 + 2e

(d)

From the potassium iodide solution to the acidified potassium manganate

(VII) solution.

Activity 10
1.
a) (i) Corrosion, (ii) rusting
b) (i) water, (ii) oxygen, (iii) salt, (iv) acid
c) copper(II)
d) (i) zinc, (ii) aluminium

WAJA F5Chemistry 2009

Chapter 3 : Oxidation And Reduction

e) (i) electropositive, (ii) sacrificial

f) (i) metal, (ii) higher
g) (i) galvanization, (ii) cheaper
h) (i) chromium, (ii) nickel
2.

a) Fe Fe2+ + 2eb) O2 + 2H2O + 4e- 4OH

c) Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)2
d) 2Fe(OH)2 + O2 Fe2O3. x H2O + H2O
(value of x varies depending on the condition)

Activity 11
1.

- By using protective coating

- By forming alloys
- By using sacrificial metal

2.

zinc

3.

magnesium, aluminium and zinc

4.

Potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) solution

Activity 12
1.

a)

Fe Fe2+ + 2e

b)

Used to detect the presence of Fe2+ ions. It produces a dark blue

colouration in the presence of iron (II) ions.

c)

Test tube in Experiment B. Iron is more electropositive than P.

d)

Q Fe P

e)

(i)
(ii)

f)

OH- ion // hydroxide ion

Metal Q corrodes
Zinc / Aluminium / Magnesium

Activity 13
1)

a)

Mg, Zn, Pb, Cu

WAJA F5Chemistry 2009

Chapter 3 : Oxidation And Reduction

b)

(i)
(ii)

Potassium chlorate (V) with MnO2 as catalyst

Potassium nitrate

c)

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

2Cu
2Zn
2Mg
2Pb

+
+
+
+

O2
O2
O2
O2

2CuO
2ZnO
2MgO
2PbO

2)

Carbon dioxide

3)

less reactive

4)

oxidised

5)

(i) reducing agent (ii) oxidising agent

6)

more reactive

7)

(i) aluminium (ii) zinc

8)

a) (i) W, Y
(ii) X, Z
b) X : iron

Z : copper

c) (i) The mixture glows leaving a grey solid because W displaces Y

from its oxides.
(ii) W : Magnesium
Y : Aluminium
(iii) 3 Mg + Al2O3 2 Al + 3 MgO
(iv) Reducing agent - Magnesium
Oxidising agent Aluminium oxide
9)
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Gold
10)

WAJA F5Chemistry 2009

K

Na

Ca

Chapter 3 : Oxidation And Reduction

Mg

Al

Zn
C

11)

a)
b)
c)

Fe

Sn

Pb

Cu

Hg

Ag

Au

Copper (II) oxide glows dimly. The black powder turns brown.
The magnesium ribbon burns brightly, producing a white solid. Black
powder is also formed on the wall of the gas jar.
No change occurs.

12)
Ore
(a) Bauxite
(b) Hematite
(c) Magnetite
(d) Cassiterite

Main mineral in ore

Name
Formula

Aluminium oxide
Iron (III) oxide
Triiron tetraoxide
Tin (IV) oxide

Al2O3
Fe2O3
Fe3O4
SnO2

Metal extracted

Aluminium
Iron
Iron
Tin

Activity 14
1)

Please refer the chemistry form 5 text book, page 130.

2)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

3)

Please refer the chemistry form 5 text book, page 132.

4)

Please refer the chemistry form 5 text book, page 133.

lead(II) ions // Pb2+ and bromide ions // Br

(i) cathode (ii) anode
(i) reducing (ii) bromine (iii) oxidation
2Br Br2 + 2e
(i) oxidising (ii) lead (iii) reduction
Pb2+ + 2e Pb

Activity 15
For question 1 and 2, please refer the chemistry form 5 text book, pages from 133 to
135

WAJA F5Chemistry 2009

Chapter 3 : Oxidation And Reduction

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