Chemistry Drugs and Medicines

Types of Drugs:
Antacid
Mild Analgesic
o Aspirin
Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Good for Arthritis and Rheumatism
Blood-Clotting Agent
Good for Strokes and Heart Attacks
Could be effective against Prostate Cancer
Strong Analgesic
Depressant
o Benzodiazepines
Diazepam (Valium)
Nitrazapam (Mogadon)
o Prozac
o Alcohol
Has a synergistic effect with other drugs
With Aspirin it can increase the risk of Stomach
Bleeding
Stimulant
o Adrenaline
o Amphetamine
o Nicotine
o Caffeine
Anti-Bacterial
Anti-Viral
Mind Altering Drugs
o Cannabis
Active Ingredient: Tetrahydrocannabinol
List of Symptoms:
Caffeine
o Large Amounts
Anxiety
Insomnia
Trembling
Increased Heart Rate
Increase in Urine Output (Diuretic)
o Alkaloid
Nitrogen-containing compounds of a plant origin
containing heterocyclic ring and a tertiary amine
group
Paracetamol
o Brain Damage
o Liver and Kidney Damage

o Blood Disorders
Nicotine
o Peptic Ulcers
o Chronic Lung Disease
o Cancers of Lung, Mouth and Throat
o Increases concentration
o Reduction in Urine Output
o Increase Heart Rate and Blood Pressure
o Heart Disease
o Coronary Thrombosis
Cannabis
o Short Term Mind Alerting
Confusion
Emotional Distress
Hallucinations (Rare)
Altered Visual and Auditory Sense Perception
Loss of Sense of Time
o Long Term
Apathy
Lethargy
Lowering of Fertility
LSD
o Short Term Effects
Dizziness
Desire to Laugh
Distortions of Visual and Sound Perceptions
Hallucinations
o Long Term Effects
Severe Depression
Flashbacks
Psychological Dependence
Psilocybin
o Alteration of senses and feelings of exhilaration and
insight
Mescaline
o Loss of Appetite
o Negative Effects for those suffering from Depression or
Anxiety
o Nausea
o Trembling
o Effects Enhanced Considerably by Alcohol
o Possible Liver Damage
Aspirin
o Stomach Bleeding in Lining
o Bronchial Asthma
o Reyes Disease for Children under 12

Affects Brain and Liver

o Acidosis/Lowering of pH of Blood in Large Amounts
Amphetamines
o Sympathomimetic Drug
o Increases Heart Rate
o Increases Sweat Production
o Once used to treat narcolepsy
o Short Term
Increased Heart Rate and Breathing
Dilation of the Pupils
Decrease in Appetite followed by Fatigue
Possible Depression
o Long Term
Weight Loss
Constipation
Emotional Instability
Salicylic Acid
o Mouth Damage
o Esophagus Damage
o Stomach Membrane Damage
Ethanoate Ester is Aspirin
Morphine
o Constipation
o Pain Relief
Opiates
o Short Term Effects
Euphoria
Dulling of pain
Depress Nervous System
Slow breathing and heart rate
Nausea and vomiting for first time users
Coma/Death
o Long Term Effects
Constipation
Loss of Sex Drive
Disrupts Menstrual Cycle
Poor Eating Habits
Risk of AIDS
Social Problems
o Withdrawal Symptoms
Hot and Cold Sweats
Diarrhea
Anxiety
Cramps
Antacids
o Magnesium Compounds

Diarrhea
o Aluminum Compounds
Bone Damage/Interference with Phosphate
Absorption
o Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
Belching and Bloating
o Alginates
Heart-Burn Prevention
o Dimethicone
Anti-foaming agent
Depressants
o Small Doses
Feelings of Calm
Relieve Anxiety
Induce Sleep
o Large Doses
Loss of Consciousness
Coma
Death

Sympathomimetic: Mimics the chemical behaviors of hormones in

the nervous system
o i.e. mimics the effects of Adrenaline
Drug Design:
Combinatorial Chemistry
o Solid-Phase Chemistry advantageous because it allows
the products to be easily isolated by washing and
filtration
o i.e. Purification easier
o Method:
Small amounts of compounds attached to
resins/beads
Automated process with a variety of reagents
Mix-and-Split technique
Produces a large number of compounds
Fighting Viruses
o Alter binding site to prevent virus from bonding to the
cell
o Alter cell wall to prevent virus from entering the cell
o Develop drugs that would prevent a virus from losing its
protective coat
o Block the action of reverse transcriptase (AZT)
o Inhibit production of new viral RNA and proteins by
altering the genetic material of the virus
o Develop a drug which prevents the new viruses from
leaving the cell

i.e. Amantadine with the Influenza Virus

Geometric Isomerism
o Cisplatin is effective against Cancer but transplatin is
not
Cisplatin has no overall charge so can pass
through the cancel cell membrane
Binds with DNA so that it cannot replicate
properly and the cell dies
Salts
o Amines can be converted into their Hydrochloride Salt
Prozac is an example of a drug that uses this
Diamorphine as well
o Carboxylic acid drugs are made polar by administering
them as sodium or calcium salt
Water is produced in the reaction