RE

Goal Modeling

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

RE

We Will Cover

What is a goal?
Where do goals come from?
What is a goal model?
When to use goal models?
How do goal models relate to UML models?

Why use goal models?

Capturing the goal model

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

RE

What is a goal?

A stakeholder objective for the system

The system includes the software and its
environment

Who are stakeholders?

Anyone who has an interest in the system
Customers, end users, system developers,
system maintainers...

What is a goal model?

A hierarchy of goals
Relates the high-level goals to low-level system
requirements
2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

RE

Goal or Not a Goal?

Goal Examples:

Credit card information is kept private

Credit card information is accurate
Safe transportation
Highly reliability

Non-goal Examples:
The system will be implemented in C++
The paint colors for the cars will be yellow,
orange, and red

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

RE

Goal Exercise

Order the list of goals from high-level

concern to low-level concern
User receives a request for a timetable from a
system
Collect timetables by system
Schedule meeting
System collect timetables from user
Collect timetables

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

RE

Goal Exercise

Order the list of goals from high-level

concern to low-level concern
Schedule meeting
Collect timetables
Collect timetables by system
System collect timetables from user
User receives a request for a timetable

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

Types of Goals

RE

Functional (Hard)
Describe functions the system will perform
Well defined criteria for satisfaction
E.g., System collects timetables from user

Non-functional (Soft or fuzzy)

Describe desired system qualities
Hard to define; satisficed rather than satisfied
Reliability
E.g., System should be reliable

Quality
E.g., System should be high quality.
2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

RE

Where do goals come from?

Conveyed by stakeholders
Disclosed in requirements documents
Analysis of similar or current system
Elaborating other goals

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

RE

Goal Exercise

Identify goals in the following paragraph

An Adaptive Regional Forecasting Ecological Observatory (ARFEO) is proposed as
means to implement an operational, run-time configurable, and adaptable ecological
observatory to be used for regional ecological forecasting. ARFEO has three main
dimensions. First, using a holistic perspective of environment, we will use sensors
that are analogous to human and organism senses to monitor the environment and its
changes. As such, ARFEO can be configured to observe and answer ecological
questions specific to one class of sensory input or across multiple sensory inputs.
Second, ARFEO will use a cyberinfrastructure comprising smart, heterogeneous
sensor networks, small-scale and GRID-scale distributed computing [6]. ARFEOs
architecture will be a distributed design which will enable users to perform small and
complex computations and transparent integration of data and analysis. ARFEO will
enable a user to adapt monitoring capabilities at run-time, thus allowing a user to
customize the configuration to specific needs and questions. Finally, ARFEO will
emphasize the reuse and synergistic integration of existing analysis and visualization
techniques to include in the computational toolkit for processing the sensor and
ancillary data, as well as metadata. A key part of ARFEO will be the development of
processes to make use of the toolkit element to support the analysis and visualization
capabilities.

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

When to use goal models

RE

Early requirements engineering

Focus on identifying problems
Exploring system solutions and alternatives
Done before UML modeling

Early RE

Late
RRE

Why?

What?

Design

Code

Test

How?

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

RE

Why use goal models?

Give rationale for requirements
Identify stable information
Guide requirement elaboration

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

RE

The Goal Model

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

RE

Running Example

Meeting Scheduler
Assists the initiator in scheduling a meeting
Meeting should be convenient for participants
Participants should be available

Modeled using the i* goal notation

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

13

Example adapted from the RE06 keynote given by John Mylopoulos

Goal Model

RE

Schedule
meeting

Choose
schedule

Collect
timetables

By
person

Manually

By
system

Collect from
agents

Goals are refined into

subgoals that elaborate
how the goal is
achieved

Automatically

Collect from
users

Send
request

Receive
request

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

Example adapted from the RE06 keynote given by John Mylopoulos

AND Refinement

RE

Schedule
meeting
AND

AND

Choose
schedule

Collect
timetables

By
person

Manually

By
system

Collect from
agents

All of the
subgoals must be
achieved for the
goal to be
achieved
Automatically

Collect from
users
AND
Send
request

AND
Receive
request

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

15

Example adapted from the RE06 keynote given by John Mylopoulos

OR Refinement

RE

Schedule
meeting
AND

AND

Choose
schedule
OR

Collect
timetables
OR
By
person

OR

Manually

By
system

At least one of the

subgoals must be
achieved for the
goal to be achieved
OR
Automatically

OR

OR
Collect from
agents

Collect from
users
AND
Send
request

AND
Receive
request

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

16

Example adapted from the RE06 keynote given by John Mylopoulos

RE

Interpretations of OR Refinements
Static systems alternative solutions
Adaptive systems
points of variation

Schedule
meeting
AND

AND

Choose
schedule
OR

Collect
timetables
OR
By
person

OR

Manually

By
system

OR
Automatically

OR

OR
Collect from
agents

Collect from
users
AND
Send
request

AND
Receive
request

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

17

Example adapted from the RE06 keynote given by John Mylopoulos

Softgoals

RE

Good Quality
schedule
AND

Minimal
conflicts

Minimal
effort

Good
participation

AND
AND

Collection
effort

AND

Matching
effort

Minimal
disturbances
Accurate
constraints

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

Example adapted from the RE06 keynote given by John Mylopoulos

RE

Modeling Softgoals

Used to evaluate alternatives

Helps (+)
Makes (++)
Hurts (-)
Breaks (--)

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

Example adapted from the RE06 keynote given by John Mylopoulos

RE

Contributions to Softgoals
Good Quality
schedule
AND
Minimal
conflicts

Schedule
meeting
AND
Choose
schedule
OR
Manually

AND

OR

Good
participation

Automatically

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

Example adapted from the RE06 keynote given by John Mylopoulos

Construction Process

RE
Minimal
effort

AND

AND
AND

Good Quality
schedule

Matching
effort

Minimal
conflicts

AND
Good
participation

Collection
effort

1. Define
Softgoals

Minimal
disturbances
Accurate
constraints

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

21

Construction Process

RE
Minimal
effort

AND

AND
AND

OR

Manually

By
system

Automatically

OR

OR

Minimal
disturbances

Good
participation
OR

OR

OR

Collect from
agents

AND

AND Choose
schedule

Collect
timetables

By
person

Minimal
conflicts

Schedule
meeting

Matching
effort

AND
Collection
effort

Good Quality
schedule

Collect from
users
AND
Send
request

AND

2. Define
Hardgoals

Receive
request

Steps 1 & 2
may be
iterative
2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.
Accurate
constraints

22

Example adapted from the RE06 keynote given by John Mylopoulos

Construction Process

RE

Good Quality
schedule

Minimal
effort

AND

AND
AND

AND Choose
schedule
+

AND
Collection
effort

Collect
timetables

OR

Manually

By
system

Minimal
disturbances

Collect from
users
AND

+
Accurate
constraints

Good
participation

Automatically

OR

OR
Collect from
agents

AND

OR +

OR

OR

By
person

Minimal
conflicts

Schedule
meeting

Matching
effort

Send
request

AND
Receive
request

3. Evaluate
hardgoal
contribution
to softgoals

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

23

Example adapted from the RE06 keynote given by John Mylopoulos

RE

Integrating Goals with Other

Models

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

24

Integrated Use of Goals

RE
KAOS

Refining goals into requirements

4 models

Goal
Agent
Operationalization
Object

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

KAOS Goal Model

RE

Agent - active system component

Object - inactive system component
Operation - an action an agent takes to achieve a goal
Requirement - a goal for which an automated component is responsible
Expectation - a goal for which a human is responsible
Safe Transportation

Maintain Knowledge of Other Train Locations

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Radio

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Human

Radio Other Train

Software
Sensor

Train

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

KAOS Goal Model

RE

Agent - active system component

Object - inactive system component
Operation - an action an agent takes to achieve a goal
Requirement - a goal for which an automated component is responsible
Expectation - a goal for which a human is responsible
Safe Transportation

Maintain Knowledge of Other Train Locations

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Radio

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Human

Radio Other Train

Software
Sensor

Train

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

KAOS Goal Model

RE

Agent - active system component

Object - inactive system component
Operation - an action an agent takes to achieve a goal
Requirement - a goal for which an automated component is responsible
Expectation - a goal for which a human is responsible
Safe Transportation

Maintain Knowledge of Other Train Locations

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Radio

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Human

Radio Other Train

Software
Sensor

Train

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

KAOS Goal Model

RE

Agent - active system component

Object - inactive system component
Operation - an action an agent takes to achieve a goal
Requirement - a goal for which an automated component is responsible
Expectation - a goal for which a human is responsible
Safe Transportation

Maintain Knowledge of Other Train Locations

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Radio

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Human

Radio Other Train

Software
Sensor

Train

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

KAOS Goal Model

RE

Agent - active system component

Object - inactive system component
Operation - an action an agent takes to achieve a goal
Requirement - a goal for which an automated component is responsible
Expectation - a goal for which a human is responsible
Safe Transportation

Maintain Knowledge of Other Train Locations

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Radio

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Human

Radio Other Train

Software
Sensor

Train

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

KAOS Goal Model

RE

Agent - active system component

Object - inactive system component
Operation - an action an agent takes to achieve a goal
Requirement - a goal for which an automated component is responsible
Expectation - a goal for which a human is responsible
Safe Transportation

Maintain Knowledge of Other Train Locations

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Radio

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Human

Radio Other Train

Software
Sensor

Train

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

KAOS Goal Model

RE

Agent - active system component

Object - inactive system component
Operation - an action an agent takes to achieve a goal
Requirement - a goal for which an automated component is responsible
Expectation - a goal for which a human is responsible
Safe Transportation

Maintain Knowledge of Other Train Locations

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Radio

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Human

Radio Other Train

Software
Sensor

Train

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

KAOS Goal Model

RE

Agent - active system component

Object - inactive system component
Operation - an action an agent takes to achieve a goal
Requirement - a goal for which an automated component is responsible
Expectation - a goal for which a human is responsible
Safe Transportation

Maintain Knowledge of Other Train Locations

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Radio

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Human

Radio Other Train

Software
Sensor

Train

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

KAOS Goal Model

RE

Agent - active system component

Object - inactive system component
Operation - an action an agent takes to achieve a goal
Requirement - a goal for which an automated component is responsible
Expectation - a goal for which a human is responsible
Safe Transportation

Maintain Knowledge of Other Train Locations

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Radio

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Human

Radio Other Train

Software
Sensor

Train

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

KAOS Goal Model

RE

Agent - active system component

Object - inactive system component
Operation - an action an agent takes to achieve a goal
Requirement - a goal for which an automated component is responsible
Expectation - a goal for which a human is responsible
Safe Transportation

Maintain Knowledge of Other Train Locations

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Radio

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Human

Radio Other Train

Software
Sensor

Train

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

KAOS Goal Model

RE

Agent - active system component

Object - inactive system component
Operation - an action an agent takes to achieve a goal
Requirement - a goal for which an automated component is responsible
Expectation - a goal for which a human is responsible
Safe Transportation

Maintain Knowledge of Other Train Locations

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Radio

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Human

Radio Other Train

Software
Sensor

Train

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

RE

KAOS Agent Model

Objective: depicts agent responsibilities
Agent models can be inferred from goal models
Maintain Knowledge of Other Train Locations

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Software
Sensor

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Human

Human
Software
Sensor

Goal Model

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Agent Model

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

27

KAOS Agent Model

RE

Objective: depicts agent responsibilities

Agent models can be inferred from goal models
Maintain Knowledge of Other Train Locations

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Software
Sensor

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Human

Human

Human
Software
Sensor

Goal Model

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Agent Model

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

27

RE

KAOS Agent Model

Objective: depicts agent responsibilities
Agent models can be inferred from goal models
Maintain Knowledge of Other Train Locations

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Software
Sensor

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Human

Human
Software
Sensor

Goal Model

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Agent Model

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

27

RE

KAOS Agent Model

Objective: depicts agent responsibilities
Agent models can be inferred from goal models
Maintain Knowledge of Other Train
Locations
Alert
Passengers to Delays

Software
Sensor

Human
Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Manually Slow the Train

Human
Software
Sensor

Goal Model

Human

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Agent Model

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

27

RE

KAOS Agent Model

Objective: depicts agent responsibilities
Agent models can be inferred from goal models
Maintain Knowledge of Other Train Locations

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Software
Sensor

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Automatically Sense Other Train Locations

Human

Human
Software
Sensor

Goal Model

Manually Radio Other Train Conductors

Agent Model

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

27

RE KAOS Operationalization Model

Objective: specifies the operations that agents must

perform to achieve the goals
Safe Transportation

Train Doors Closed While Moving

Close Door Request

Train Begins to Move

Close Door
Door
2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

28

RE KAOS Operationalization Model

Objective: specifies the operations that agents must

perform to achieve the goals
Train
Doors Closed While Moving
Safe Transportation

Train Doors Closed While Moving

Train Begins to Move

Close Door Request

Train Begins to Move

Close Door
Close Door

Door

Door

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

28

RE

KAOS Object Model

Objective: further specifies objects used in the goal model

The syntax is similar to a that of a UML class diagram
Track

Following
On Track

Train
Speed
Loc

On

TrackSegment
SpeedLimit

hasGate

Gate
Loc
Status

Switch
position
2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

29

Integrated Use of Goals

RE
KAOS

Refining goals into requirements

4 models

Goal
Agent
Operationalization
Object

i*
Relates goals to the organization context
2 models
Actor (Strategic) Dependency Model
Actor (Strategic) Rationale Model

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

RE

i* Actor Dependency Model

Dependencies between actors - An actor is a black box

or impa
rations

Attends
Meeting(p,m)

Meeting
Scheduler

D
X

Enter
DateRange
(m)

Enter
AvailDates
(m)

D
D

Meeting
Initiator

D
Proposed
Date(m)

Agreement
(m,p)

Attends
Meeting(ip,m)

Assured
(Attends
Meeting(ip,m))

LEGEND

MeetingBe
Scheduled(m)

D
D

Meeting
Participant

ISA
Important
Participant

Depender Dependee

Resource Dependency

Task Dependency

Goal Dependency

Softgoal Dependency

Open (uncommitted)

Critical

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

31

Diagram from Towards Modelling and Reasoning Support for Early-Phase Requirements Engineering by Eric Yu

In th
vides a
side ac
tentiona
appear i
but also
ships an
in Figur
meeting
SD mod

For e
is that o
(represe
ings in

(m)

RE

i* Actor Dependency
Model
D

Da

Attends
D - An actorMeeting(ip,m)
Dependencies between actors
is a black box

Assured
or impa
(Attends
rations
Meeting

Attends
Meeting(p,m)

D
X

Enter
DateRange
(m)

Dependee

D
D

Agreement
D Dependency
Goal
(m,p)

Meeting
Scheduler

D D

Enter
Dependency
AvailDates
(m)

Resource
D
Task Dependency
Proposed

Meeting
Initiator

MeetingBe
Depender
Scheduled(m) D

LEGEND

Date(m)

Attends
Meeting(ip,m)

Softgoal Dependency
D
Assured
X
Open (uncommitted)
Critical
(Attends
D
Meeting(ip,m))

O
LEGEND

Meeting
Participant

ISA
Important
Participant

Depender Dependee
D

Resource Dependency

Task Dependency

Goal Dependency

Softgoal Dependency

In th
vides a
side ac
tentiona
appear i
but also
ships an
in Figur
meeting
SD mod

For e
is that o
(represe
ings in

Figure 2: Strategic Dependenc

scheduling with computer-based s
O

Open (uncommitted)

Critical

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

31

Diagram from Towards Modelling and Reasoning Support for Early-Phase Requirements Engineering by Eric Yu

RE

i* Actor Dependency Model

Dependencies between actors - An actor is a black box

or impa
rations

Attends
Meeting(p,m)

Meeting
Scheduler

D
X

Enter
DateRange
(m)

Enter
AvailDates
(m)

D
D

Meeting
Initiator

D
Proposed
Date(m)

Agreement
(m,p)

Attends
Meeting(ip,m)

Assured
(Attends
Meeting(ip,m))

LEGEND

MeetingBe
Scheduled(m)

D
D

Meeting
Participant

ISA
Important
Participant

Depender Dependee

Resource Dependency

Task Dependency

Goal Dependency

Softgoal Dependency

Open (uncommitted)

Critical

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

31

Diagram from Towards Modelling and Reasoning Support for Early-Phase Requirements Engineering by Eric Yu

In th
vides a
side ac
tentiona
appear i
but also
ships an
in Figur
meeting
SD mod

For e
is that o
(represe
ings in

i* Actor Rationale Model

RE

Internal actor relationships - An actor is a white box

Meeting
Initiator
Organize
Meeting

MeetingBe
Scheduled

Quick

+
Schedule
Meeting

Meeting
Participant
Participate
InMeeting

Attends
Meeting

Low
Effort
! +

Attend
Meeting

LetSceduler
Schedule
D
Meeting
MeetingBe
Scheduled D

Convenient
+ (Meeting,Date)
Quality
(ProposedDate)
+

Meeting
Scheduler

D
Obtain
AvailDates

Task
Resource
Soft!Goal
Task!Decompo!
sition link
Means!ends link

+
!

Contribution to
softgoals
Actor

Find
Agreeable
Slot

Obtain
Agreement

Merge
AvailDates

Enter
D AvailDates D

Goal

Agreeable
(Meeting,Date)

Richer
Medium +
!

Schedule
Meeting

Proposed
Date

Enter
DateRange

LEGEND

Arrange
Meeting

Low
Effort
+

User
Friendly
! +

FindAgreeable
DateUsing
Scheduler

FindAgreeable
DateByTalking
ToInitiator

AgreeTo
Date

Agreement D

Actor Boundary

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

32

Figure 4: Strategic Rationale model for a computer-supported meeting scheduling configuration

Diagram from Towards Modelling and Reasoning Support for Early-Phase Requirements Engineering by Eric Yu

ser
i*
Actor
Rationale
Model
RE
riendly Min
Interruption
Internal actor relationships - An actor is a white box
!
LEGEND
Meeting
Initiator

+
Schedule
Meeting

Meeting
Scheduler

Schedule
Meeting

Goal
Task
Resource
Soft!Goal
Task!Decompo!
sition link
Means!ends link

+
!

Contribution to
softgoals
Actor

Attend
Meeting

Resource

D
Enter
DateRange

Task

Low
Effort
! +

LetSceduler
Schedule
D
Meeting
MeetingBe
Scheduled D

LEGEND

Participate
InMeeting

Attends
Meeting

Convenient
+ (Meeting,Date)

Soft!Goal

+
! Obtain

Find
Agreeable
Slot

Obtain
Contribution
to
Enter
AvailDates
AvailDates
D
softgoals
AgreementActor
Proposed

Merge
AvailDates

Quality
(ProposedDate)
+

Task!Decompo!
sition link
Means!ends link

MeetingBe
Scheduled

Quick

Goal

Date

Actor Boundary
D

Arrange
Meeting

Agreeable
(Meeting,Date)

Richer
Medium +
!

Organize
Meeting

Meeting
Participant

Low
Effort
+

User
Friendly
! +

FindAgreeable
DateUsing
Scheduler

FindAgreeable
DateByTalking
ToInitiator

AgreeTo
Date

Agreement D

Actor Boundary

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

32

Figure 4: Strategic Rationale model for a computer-supported meeting scheduling configuration

Diagram from Towards Modelling and Reasoning Support for Early-Phase Requirements Engineering by Eric Yu

i* Actor Rationale Model

RE

Internal actor relationships - An actor is a white box

Meeting
Initiator
Organize
Meeting

MeetingBe
Scheduled

Quick

+
Schedule
Meeting

Meeting
Participant
Participate
InMeeting

Attends
Meeting

Low
Effort
! +

Attend
Meeting

LetSceduler
Schedule
D
Meeting
MeetingBe
Scheduled D

Convenient
+ (Meeting,Date)
Quality
(ProposedDate)
+

Meeting
Scheduler

D
Obtain
AvailDates

Task
Resource
Soft!Goal
Task!Decompo!
sition link
Means!ends link

+
!

Contribution to
softgoals
Actor

Find
Agreeable
Slot

Obtain
Agreement

Merge
AvailDates

Enter
D AvailDates D

Goal

Agreeable
(Meeting,Date)

Richer
Medium +
!

Schedule
Meeting

Proposed
Date

Enter
DateRange

LEGEND

Arrange
Meeting

Low
Effort
+

User
Friendly
! +

FindAgreeable
DateUsing
Scheduler

FindAgreeable
DateByTalking
ToInitiator

AgreeTo
Date

Agreement D

Actor Boundary

2006-07 Betty H.C. Cheng. This presentation is available free for non-commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license.

32

Figure 4: Strategic Rationale model for a computer-supported meeting scheduling configuration

Diagram from Towards Modelling and Reasoning Support for Early-Phase Requirements Engineering by Eric Yu