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QUESTION 1:
A group of students carried out an experiment to investigate the effect of type of electrodes
when aqueous copper(II) chloride solution is electrolyzed.
The electrolysis was first carried out by using carbon electrodes.
Both the electrodes were weighed.
Copper(II) chloride solution was electrolyzed for 45 minutes.
Then both the carbon electrodes were weighed again.
The experiment was repeated by replacing carbon electrodes with copper electrodes.
Diagram 1.1 shows the set-up of apparatus used for the electrolysis of copper(II) chloride
solution using carbon electrodes.
Beginning of the experiment
After 45 minutes
A
Carbon electrodes
After 45 minutes
A
Copper electrodes
3
Diagram 1.2
(a)
Write the observation and inference obtained at the carbon anode and both the copper
electrodes during the electrolysis.
Type of electrodes
Observations
Inference
Carbon anode
Copper anode
Copper cathode
[6 marks]
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(c)
..
[3 marks]
State the hypothesis for the experiment.
[3 marks]
(d)
Based on the experiment in Diagram 1.1, state the colour change of the copper(II)
chloride solution after 45 minutes.
[3 marks]
(e)
Classify all the ions present in copper(II) chloride solution into cations and anions.
[3 marks]
QUESTION 2
A student carried out an experiment to determine the end-point for the titration of 25.0 cm 3 of
1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution with 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid. Phenolphthalein is
used as the acid-base indicator. Hydrochloric acid is added until the end-point of titration is
reached.
Table 2 shows the three burette readings for the titrations that have been conducted.
Titration no.
II
III
cm3
0
13
25
Initial burette
reading
1
14
26
2
15
27
......
......
......
12
25
26
Final burette
reading
13
25
38
27
14
26
39
......
27
40
Table 2
......
......
4541/3 BENGKEL AMBANG SPM 2009
(a)
Record the burette readings for the three titrations in the spaces provided in Table 1.
[3 marks]
(b)
Construct a table and record the initial burette reading, final burette reading and the volume
of acid used for each titration.
[3 marks]
(c)
[3 marks]
(d)
If the experiment is repeated by replacing 1.0 mol dm-3 of hydrochloric acid with
1.0 mol dm-3 of sulphuric acid, predict the volume of sulphuric acid needed to reach the endpoint of titration.
.....
[3 marks]
(e)
QUESTION 3
Diagram 3.1 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment to compare the reactivity of
alkali metals towards their reaction with oxygen.
Gas jar
Oxygen gas
Alkali metal
Diagram 3.1
The experiment is carried out using a small piece of lithium, potassium and sodium
respectively to react with oxygen gas.
Observations on the alkali metals in the experiment are shown in Table 3.
Set
Set-up of apparatus
Observation
White fumes
Lithium burns slowly and produces
white fume.
Lithium
White fumes
II
Potassium
White fumes
III
Sodium
Table 3
(a) Look at the flame produced in each experiment in Table 3. Complete the Table 3
by stating the observation for each reaction of alkali metals towards oxygen.
[3 marks]
(b) Based on the experiment, complete the table below.
Manipulated variable:
____________________________ __________________________________________
____________________________ __________________________________________
____________________________ __________________________________________
Responding variable:
____________________________ __________________________________________
____________________________ __________________________________________
____________________________ __________________________________________
Fixed variable:
____________________________ __________________________________________
____________________________ __________________________________________
____________________________ __________________________________________
[6 marks]
(c) State one hypothesis for the experiment.
[3 marks]
(d) Give one inference based on the results of the reaction between lithium and oxygen
gas.
[3 marks]
(e) Based on the observation in Table 3, arrange lithium, potassium and sodium in
descending order of reactivity towards oxygen.
[3 marks]
(f) The experiment is repeated using a small piece of rubidium to react with oxygen.
Rubidium is more reactive than lithium, potassium and sodium.
Predict the observation for this experiment.
[3 marks]
4541/3 BENGKEL AMBANG SPM 2009
10
(g) Diagram 3.2 shows the reading of pH meter when the metal oxides formed in Set I,
II and III dissolved in water.
Set
Set
Set-up of apparatus
Susunan radas
pH value
13.19
pH meter
I
Litium hydroxide solution
pH value
13.61
pH meter
II
Potassium hydroxide
solution
pH value
13.33
pH meter
III
Sodium hydroxide
solution
Diagram 3.2
11
(i) Record the pH value to one decimal place for Set I, Set II and Set III.
Set I
: ..
Set II : ..
Set III : .
[3 marks]
(ii) Construct a table to record the pH value for Set I, Set II and Set III.
[3 marks]
(iii) State the operational definition for the alkali.
.................
.
[3 marks]
pH value
11
14
13
12
QUESTION 4
A student carried out three experiments to study the reaction of alkali metal with water.
.
Set up of experiment
apparatus
hiss
(a)
Hiss
pop
Compl
ete the
13
(c) Based on the observations in the experiment above, state the relationship between the position
of the elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table of Elements with the reactivity of the
elements towards water.
..
..
..
5.
An experiment is carried out to study the relationship between the concentration of hydrogen
ions,H+ and the pH value of hydrochloric acid.
Diagram 5 shows the pH value of five solution of hydrochloric acid, a strong acid with different
concentration.
1.0
0.0
pH value :_____
pH value :_____
Hydrochloric acid
1.0 mol dm-3
2.0
pH value :_____
Hydrochloric acid
0.01 mol dm-3
Hydrochloric acid
0.1 mol dm-3
3.0
4.0
pH value :_____
pH value :_____
Diagram 5
Hydrochloric acid
0.001 mol dm-3
Hydrochloric acid
0.0001 mol dm-3
14
(b) Construct a table and record the concentration of acid and the pH value for this experiment.
..
..
..
(c) Give the operational definition for the strong acid.
(f) Classify the ions in hydrochloric acid solution into anion and cation.
15
(g) Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen ion in 50 cm3 of 0.01 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid.
(h)
Predict the pH value if the experiment is repeated by using 0.01 mol dm-3 of ethanoic acid.
..
..
..
16
QUESTION 5
The diagram 6 below shows the set-up apparatus of the experiment to investigate the
effect of metal on rusting of iron, when it is in contact with other metals. Three iron nails
coil with different metals are placed separately into three test tubes A, B and C, the test
tube D as a control. Each of the test tubes is filled with a agar-agar solution containing a
small amount of phenolphthalein and potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution. The
apparatus is set aside for one day.
Iron nail
Iron nail
Iron nail
Zinc strip
Magnesium
strip
Iron nail
Copper strip
Diagram 6
Table below shows the result of the experiment is set aside after 1 day.
Test tube
Intensity of dark
blue colour
Pink colouration
None
None
Very high
Low
Present
Present
Present
Present
Inference
[ 3 marks]
17
[3 marks]
(c) Based on the observations, complete the inferences in the table above.
[3 marks]
(d) Write half-equation in oxidation and reduction for the rusting of iron.
Oxidation : .
[3 marks]
Reduction: ..
[3 marks]
(e) State the operational definition for the rusting of iron.
.
[3 marks]
(f) State the function of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution.
..
.
[3 marks]
(g) Explain why rusting of iron is the redox reaction.
...
[3 marks]
18
(h) Explain why the present of pink colour all over the test tube.
.
.
.
[3 marks]
(i) State the change of the oxidation number of iron occurs in test tube C.
.
[ 3 marks]
(j) Based on this experiment classify the metals can provide sacrificial protection and
metals that cannot provide sacrificial protection to iron.
[3 marks]
(k) State three ways to control rusting of iron.
..
..
..
..
[3 marks]
19
QUESTION 6
Diagram 1.1 shows the set-up of apparatus for Experiment I, II, III, IV, V and VI to investigate
the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and sulphuric
acid. 50 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 of sodium thiosulphate solution is poured into a conical flask and
is heated to 30C. 5 cm3 of 2 mol dm-3 of sulphuric acid is added immediately to the sodium
thiosulphate solution. The conical flask is then placed on a paper with X as shown in
Diagram 1.1. The time taken for the mark X to disappear from sight is recorded.
Eye
Mark X
Diagram 1.1
The experiment is repeated with sodium thiosulphate solutions at 40 oC, 50 oC, 55 oC, 60 oC
and 65 oC.
Diagram 1.2 shows the readings of the stopwatch in each experiment.
(a) (i) Record the stopwatch readings in the space provided in Diagram 1.2.
[3 marks]
20
Experiment I
Experiment II
Experiment III
At 30 oC
At 40 oC
At 50 oC
Experiment IV
Experiment V
Experiment VI
At 55 oC
At 60 oC
At 65 oC
Diagram 1.2
21
1
for each experiment. Construct a table to record and show all the data in
Time
the experiments. These data will be used to plot a graph in 1 (e).
(ii) Calculate
[3 marks]
2.
3.
[3 marks]
(d) State the operational definition of the rate of reaction based on this experiment.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
1
against temperature.
time
[3 marks]
22
(f) Based on the graph you have drawn, find the time taken for the mark X to disappear from
sight if the temperature of the sodium thiosulphate solution is 45 oC.
[3 marks]
(g) If 50 cm3 of 0.05moldm-3 of sodium thiosulphate is used in Experiment I, predict the time
taken for the mark X to disappear from sight. Explain your answer.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(h) Food becomes stale more quickly when the weather is hot. Explain this observation.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(i) In another experiment, the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction is studied. 50 cm 3
of 0.08 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution is prepared from 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium
thiosulphate solution. Calculate the volume of 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution
used.
[3 marks]
(j) Describe how you would prepare the sodium thiosulphate solution in (i) accurately.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
23
PLANNING FOR THE EXPERIMENT:
QUESTION 1
(a)
Diagram 2(a) shows two sets, Set I and Set II, of the apparatus set-up and the results
for an experiment to study the effects of metals X and Y on the rusting of iron.
Set
Apparatus set-up
Electrolyte Z
Iron nail
Metal X
Electrolyte Z
II
Iron nail
Metal Y
Diagram 2(a)
Referring to the information above, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of
named metals X, Y and named electrolyte Z on the rusting of iron.
24
ANSWER:
Problem statement:
How do/(Do) different type of metals / (metals X and Y) in contact with iron in the
presence of an electrolyte affect rusting of iron ?
Variables:
Manipulated variable: metal X and metal Y // Different type of metals
Responding variable: the rusting of iron
Fixed variable: iron nail// electrolyte/(named) // agar/jelly solution //temperature
Hypothesis:
Metal Y causes iron nail rusting while metal X does not.// A more electropositive metal/
(metal X) will prevent iron from rusting while a less electropositive metal (metal Y) will
be rusting iron.
Materials:
Iron nails, magnesium strip, zinc strip, aluminium strip, tin strip ,copper strip, lead strip,
silver strip, agar-agar solution + potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution+phenolphthalein
indicator, any suitable electrolyte.
Apparatus:
test-tubes, sand paper
Procedure:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Clean iron nails, magnesium ribbon and copper strip with sand paper.
Coil the iron nails with magnesium ribbon and copper strip.
Place all the iron nails in separate test tubes.
Pour the hot agar containing potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution and
phenolphthalein indicator into the test tubes.
5. Keep the test tubes in a test tube rack and leave them aside for 3 days.
6. Record your observations.
Tabulation of data:
Set//Pair of metals
I//Mg-Fe
II//Cu-Fe
Observation
25
QUESTION 2
temperature
rate of reaction
volume and concentration of acid /
volume and concentration of sodium thiosulphate
Materials:
1 mol dm -3 sulphuric acid, 0.2 mol dm -3 sodium thiosulphate solution, white paper
Apparatus:
Conical flask, measuring cyclinder, stopwatch, Bunsen burner, wire gauze, tripod stand,
thermometer.
26
Procedure:
1. An X is marked on a piece of white paper.
2. Using measuring cyclinder, 50 cm 3 of 0.2 mol dm -3 sodium
thiosulphate solution is measured and poured into the conical flask
which is the placed on the paper marked X.
3. The temperature of the sodium thiosulphate solution is recorded.
4. Using measuring cyclinder, 5 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm -3 sulphuric acid is
measured.
5. Immediately, the sulphuric acid is poured into the conical flask and
shaken.
6. The stopwatch is started.
7. The formation of yellow precipitate of sulphur is on served at the top of
the conical flask. Time is recorded when the X mark on the white paper
is no longer visible.
8. The experiment is repeated. Each time the temperature of the sodium
thiosulphate solution is increased by 5 0 C .
Tabulation of data:
Temperature of solution/ 0 C
Time / s
1/time ( s -1 )
30
35
40
45
50
27
QUESTION 3
The equation represents the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
2H2O2 2H2O + O2
The rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide can be increased by adding
manganese(IV) oxide powder which acts as a catalyst.
Plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of catalyst on the decomposition of
hydrogen peroxide.
Answer:
Aim
Materials.
Hydrogen peroxide solution, manganese(IV) oxide, distilled water
28
Apparatus:
Conical flask, burette, basin, measuring cyclinder, stopwatch, retort
Procedures:
1. The burette and basin are filled with water.
2. The burette is inverted in the basin filled with water.
3. 50 cm 3 hydrogen peroxide solution is measured with the measuring cyclinder and poured
into the conical flask.
4. A piece of manganese(IV) oxide is dropped into the hydrogen peroxide solution in the
conical flask.
5. Immediately,the stopwatch is started.
6. The volume of oxygen gas released is recorded every 30 seconds until 5 minutes.
7. The experiment is repeated by adding 4 pieces of manganese(IV) oxide.
8. The volume and concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution used is the same.
Tabulation of data:
Time/ s
Burette reading/ cm 3
Volume of gas / cm 3
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
Question:
Your planning must include the following items:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
[2 marks]
[ 17 marks ]
270
300