Water Transportation

Water transport is the type of transport which one Water used as a pathway for transport
infrastructure. At that time the power boster still using human labor with rowing and step
advancement is to harness wind power by installing the screen and the rapid advancement of
technology almost all ships in waters already using engine power. Network of water transport
modes have different characteristics compared to other modes of transportation that is capable of
transporting passengers and goods in bulk and distance between islands and between countries.
Water transport is often an international character based on its nature, but can also be run by
ships across the seas, oceans, lakes, canals or rivers. In Indonesia, the role of water transport is
very important, especially in the area because the area is separated by a lake, sea and driver
stream, in order to interconnect the population of the island to another island using water
transportation.
Efect of Location for Water Transportation Indonesia is a country that is 2/3 of the area is
water area. Therefore, we can find a means of water transport in various regions in Indonesia.
The ingredients used for the transportation of water, namely: canoe, boat, boats are the means of
transportation used for water transportation. Means of transportation of water can be used in
rivers, lakes, straits, and sea. If the land transport much needed highway, then the more water
transport is needed is a means such as docks, ports, and signs.

A. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The physical characteristics of water transport shape composed of 4 basic elements:
1. Means of Transportation
Means of transport of water is to connect two points or more lanes. Water transport using sea
lanes, lakes and rivers that can be categorized as a means of transportation.
2. Vehicles Water Transport Modes
The vehicle is a tool that can move people and goods from one point to another in relationship
means. The shape and size of vessels is quite diverse, ranging from very simple rowing boat, raft,
until a giant ship with a very large carrying capacity. Various ships are also designed for a variety
of purposes, such as warships, oil tankers, passenger ships, as well as luxury yachts. For the
transport of goods, transport of water still plays an important role. Ship carrying capacity is very

large, so as to reduce the cost of the unit, is the main attraction for world trade. Moreover, it is
often no alternative but to use the ship. Because transport through the often slow water transport
is only fit weeks to transport goods that are not easily damaged.
3. Ports / Terminals
Piers is a raise and fall of the trip or unloading of goods, as well as a working area of economic
activity.
The port also serves as an indicator to give a growth industry around it. The role of the port can
be described as follows:
Serving the needs of regional trade and trade both national (inter-island) and international
(Import and Export).
Supporting the growth of industry and trade wheel rotation.
Provide transit facilities.
Increase revenue.
3.1. Port Facilities
Port facilities can be divided into two parts, namely the port facilities and the means of the ship.
Port facilities can be broadly divided into two parts
yes it is:
i. Infrastructure
Infrastructure is the basic facilities for vessels such as navigation aids, breakwater, service
waveguides, delay and other services.

ii. Structural
Structural is a facility provided on the land such as: warehouse, yard and bingkar unloading
equipment. The port is a transport, which generally serves for Places to load unload goods
exported and imported and The inspection of the goods to be exported or imported.
3.2. Dock
The dock is a boat dock for loading and unloading activities, or up and down the passenger.
Dock can be classified according to the type of content or types of ships:
Conventional Pier dock / mooring that is used to dock / boat dock conversional.

 The dock container is dock / mooring used to moor / special berthing container ships.
Dry bulk Pier is the dock / mooring used to moor / berthing vessels specifically perform dry
bulk loading and unloading of goods.
The dock is the liquid bulk dock / mooring used to moor ships load and unload special liquid
bulk goods.
3.3 Capacity and Transport Rates
4. Management and labor
Management and labor are the people who make, operated, organize and maintain ships and port
transportation facilities.

B. CHARACTERISTICS OF MOVEMENT
This Booster characteristics concerning why a person to travel, when people travel and use what
kind tool that will be used. Some basic characteristics of the movement are often called nonspatial (with no space limit) suggested that the movement is associated with:
1. Why of movement
The cause of the movement that is as it relates to economic, social, cultural, educational, and
religious. If in fact look no more than 80% of the way to a shelter, which means they start the
journey from the residence to the place leave them back.

2. Time Movement
The timing of the movement occurs in a person when doing daily activities. The way to work or
travel for the purpose of regular work is journey dominant, because it is very important observed
carefully. Patterns of work usually starts at 06.00-08.00 and ends at 16.00-18.00.

3. Type of Transport Means Used

In traveling, a person will choose the type of transport options to walk, use private transport, or
use public transport. In determining the type of transportation options to consider various factors
such as the purpose of travel, mileage, travel costs, the level of comfort, availability mode,
socioeconomic status, etc.
The idea that the selection of transportation modes is related to the distance traveled and that has
a purpose different trip travel distance has been shown that a spatial component of the one
(component with space limits) are used.
Grouping of River Transportation and Sea Transportation
A. Transport River
1. The great river that is not influenced by the tides, marine vessels navigable
throughout equipped with a door / lock that matches the size of the ship.
2. Wide waters or lakes that are not influenced by tides, river transport with special
ships, barges kept up the door / lock, can still be used to transport containers.
3. Canal / narrow canal is an artificial navigation channel used to transport small
size, it is not suitable for container
Based on experience in various countries in Europe where the use of inland navigation
channel in Indonesia needs to be developed, to increase the utilization of inland transport should
be taken various steps:
Improving the status of inland transport at the local level, in this case the district / city, at the
regional level, in this case at the provincial and national level, especially for freight through
several provinces or river transport incoming sea water.
Thus did inland transport infrastructure investment, which in turn will provide long-term
benefits to the local economy improvement of facilities connected with navigable inland
waterways.

Utilization

Benefits Navigation Channel

Destination

As generating
activities

As a catalyst for development, economic and social relations

community
Increase the value of development and investment opportunities will
increase
Contribution to the improvement of public relations, improve the
quality of life.
Generating long-term economic activity and employment
opportunities
Diversification of rural development

Sports

It is an important place for water sports activities

Improving public health exercise
Line between urban and rural sports
The riverside area can be used as a jogging track and or cycling.

Culture

It is the cultural assets that have been developed local communities,

such as Lake Toba Festival
Contribute to the open space
As part of the habitat of fish, animals or plants.

Transportation

It is part of an integrated transport system

Creating a transport route options at local, regional and
international.

B. Sea Transportation
Sea Transportation is ship ship as a passenger and goods transport vehicles in the sea. defined
ship vessels with certain forms and types, which is driven by wind power, mechanical power,
energy, withdrawn or postponed, including a powerful vehicle dynamic support, vehicle
submerged and floating structures that do not move.

Utilization
Destination

Benefits Navigation Channel

As generating
activities

As a catalyst for development, economic and social relations

community
Increase the value of development and investment opportunities will
increase
Contribution to the improvement of public relations, improve the
quality of life.
Generating long-term economic activity and employment
opportunities
Diversification of rural development

Tourism

Asset attractive tourism

Creating a relationship between tourist area with a new tourist area.
Supporting the tourism industry

Culture

It is the cultural assets that have been developed local communities,

such as Lake Toba Festival
Contribute to the open space

Transportation

It is part of an integrated transport system

Creating a transport route options at local, regional and
international.
It is important water transport infrastructure for the movement of
goods and people

Khisty, C. Jotindan B. Kent Lall. 2005.Dasar-dasar RekayasaTransportasi/edisi ke-3/jilid 1

Jakarta :Erlangga