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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting .......................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 Troubleshooting Flow ........................................................................................................ 3-1
3.1.1 Power Failure Handling Flow .................................................................................. 3-1
3.1.2 BTS Start Failure Handling Flow............................................................................. 3-3
3.1.3 BTS Operation Failure Handling Flow .................................................................... 3-7
3.2 Troubleshooting Procedure ............................................................................................... 3-7
3.2.1 Checking BTS Power Distribution ........................................................................... 3-7
3.2.2 Checking Part Status on Site .................................................................................. 3-9
3.2.3 Checking Part Status through LMT ....................................................................... 3-10
3.2.4 Checking Optical Fiber Connection....................................................................... 3-10
3.2.5 Blocking/Unblocking Resource ............................................................................. 3-12
3.2.6 Checking Communication Status of EAC ............................................................. 3-14
3.2.7 Checking RF Connection ...................................................................................... 3-14
3.3 Troubleshooting of Clock Faults ...................................................................................... 3-16
3.3.1 Jump of Phases or Frequencies of the Clock System .......................................... 3-16
3.3.2 Failure to Trace GPS Satellites............................................................................. 3-17
3.3.3 Failure to Trace Enough GPS Satellites ............................................................... 3-20
3.3.4 A Long Time Required to Trace Enough Satellites............................................... 3-21
3.3.5 Case Library of Clock Faults ................................................................................. 3-23
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
This chapter introduces the troubleshooting of BTS36 series base station through
flowcharts and procedure description.
The following provides some indexes for easy reading.
z
To handle the clock fault, see section 3.3 , Troubleshooting of Clock Faults.
Note:
For the difference among MML commands of cBTS3612, BTS3612A, and BTS3606, see Chapter 1,
"Routine Maintenance".
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
Start
Go to 3
2
Is the power indicator
of PSUAC/DC on?
Y
Turn on the airbreaker
Is the AC power
distribution air-breaker on?
Turn on the
connector
Contact Huawei
technical support
engineer
Is the PSUAC/DC
installed correctly?
Y
Connect or replace
the cable correctly
Y
Install and fasten
the PSUAC/DC
correctly?
Y
Turn on the airbreaker
Replace
PSUDC/DC
Install and fasten
the PSUAC/DC
correctly?
N
Is any power
supply led in the site?
Y
Solve the power
input problem of
the site
Go to 1
Y
Replace
PSUAC/DC
Y
Is the power indicator
of PSUAC/DC on?
Contact Huawei
technical support
engineer
Y
N
Is the cabinet door closed?
Y
Go to 1
Y
Contact Huawei
technical support
engineer
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
Go to 4
Connect the
cable properly
Replace the
switch box
Replace the
switch box
N
Contact Huawei
technical support
engineer
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
Figure 3-3, Figure 3-4, and Figure 3-5 show the flowcharts.
4
Set up communication
connection with the BTS
at near end
Is the communication
connection normal?
Connect the
cable properly
Y
Use crossover
network cable
Reset or replace
the BCKM
Is the IP address
for login correct?
Y
Contact Huawei
technical support
engineer
Go to
5
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
6
N
Go to
8
End
N
Connect the
cable properly
Contact Huawei
technical support
engineer
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
8
Go to
6
Is the physical link at BTS side
connected normally?
N
Perform loopback test on
the physical link of Abis
interface
Is the BER
normal?
Solve the
transmission problem
Solve the
transmission BER
problem
Y
Check Abis interface
data
Y
Contact Huawei
technical support
engineer
Reconfigure
the physical
link
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
Start
1
Does BTS have
current alarms?
Handling them
End
N
Is Abis interface
transmission interrupted?
Go to 1
Handle it
N
Is BTS power supply
disconnected?
Handle it
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
Power input
or
Remark
48 V DC
+24 V DC
BTS3612A
AC
input
power
II. The standby power system operates normally (applies to BTS3612A only)
When there is power input, the standby power system is in charging state. When
there is no power input, the standby power system is in discharging state.
III. The power input cable is correctly connected to the lightning protection
and filter unit of AC power supply
There are N, L1, L2, and L3 wire post and three-phase short-circuiting clamp. Ensure
that the phase connection is correct.
The three-phase short-circuiting clamp is used only when the monophase AC power
is input.
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
For the configuration of the PSUAC/DC and PSUDC/DC, see the related technical
manuals.
For detailed description of indicators, see Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base
Station Hardware Description.
You can check the following baseband boards on site:
z
BCKM
BCIM
BCPM or CCPM
BRDM
HPCM
BTRM or CTRM
BRFM
RLDU
PSUAC/DC
PSUDC/DC
PMU
BPLI
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
2)
3)
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
Caution:
z
Never directly look at the fiber connector of the board with naked eyes.
The optical fiber is fragile. Never pull the optical fiber by force, or bend it with the radius of less than
25 mm.
The removal and insertion of fiber connectors may affect the corresponding carrier service.
Caution:
z
The optical fiber connecting with the ODU3601C cannot be replaced with that connecting with the
BTRM. That is because the former is a single-mode fiber, while the latter is a multi-mode fiber.
Replacement of the optical fiber may affect the normal fiber connection and eventually the BTS
service.
If some fiber connections are normal, but some are abnormal, you can locate the fault
through replacement check. Proceed as follows:
z
Exchange the abnormal optical fiber for the normal one on the BRDM.
Exchange
the
abnormal
optical
fiber
for
BTRM/ODU3601C.
the
normal
one
on
the
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
Compare the connection before and after the exchange to determine whether the
BRDM, optical fiber (including fiber connectors), or the BTRM/ODU3601C is faulty.
Then, replace the faulty parts following the instructions described in Chapter 4, Part
Replacement.
Immediate blocking: After the selection of immediate blocking, all resources are
blocked. As a result, all calls handled by the BTRM/CTRM or BCPM/CCPM are
dropped.
Delay blocking: After a preset period of delay, all resources are blocked. As a
result, all calls handled by the BTRM/CTRM or BCPM/CCPM are dropped. If the
cell is idle, the resources will be blocked immediately.
Idle blocking: Resource is blocked only when the resource is idle. Idle blocking
does not cause call drop.
Caution:
z
The blocking of BTS physical resource may cause the block of relevant cells or sectors and
interruption of on-going services.
If the power of the dedicated BTRM/CTRM or BCPM/CCPM must be cut off, it is necessary to select
a proper blocking level to avoid the impact on the BTS service.
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
Caution:
RF signals may do harm to human beings. Therefore, it is necessary to turn off the relevant power
amplifier module before cutting off the RF connection.
II. Perform short circuit test on feeder (including jumper) shielding layer and
core wire
See section 3.3 , Troubleshooting of Clock Faults.
Whether the jumper and feeder (including jumpers at the antenna side and
equipment side) connector are connected securely and in good contact.
Whether the jumper and the feeder connector on the cabinet are connected
securely and in good contact.
Whether the jumper inside the cabinet and the connector on the RF front-end
module are connected securely and in good contact.
Whether the fins of the connector on the RF subrack backplane are damaged
and whether jumpers are connected securely and in good contact.
Whether the ultra flexible jumpers between the RF module panels are connected
securely and in good contact.
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
For the above causes, the fault location and troubleshooting procedure are presented
below.
Fault Important
BSS
10580
Hardware System
You may also query BTS alarms through Telnet. If you find the following alarms, it
also indicates that jump of phases happens in the BTS clock.
HW CBTS>lst curalm:brdtp=bckm clk,brdid=0
Query result:
HW CBTS>
OccurTime
= [2003-04-01 12:55:05]
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
AlarmItem
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
Type = BCKM_CLK,
Id = 0
SubUnitId = 255
Verify whether the Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna is installed in the
right place.
To ensure that BTS receives the optimal GPS signals, the installation position of
the GPS antenna must satisfy the following conditions.
z
Install the GPS antenna in an open area without any shelter within the range
Install the antenna in the center of building roof rather than at the corners or
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
z
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
Insulation
Disconnect jumpers with the GPS antenna and the cabinet. Measure the
insulation resistance between shielding layers of jumpers with core layers.
The resistance must be several mega-ohm or above.
If the resistance is small or cables are short-circuited, measure the resistance
section by section to locate the short-circuited cable.
The short cable (white) between the GPS receiver and BCKM panel.
The cable might be unable to receive GPS signals because it has been
twisted too long.
You can replace the cable with a 10 MHz output cable or a 2S output cable to
verify whether it is the cable failure that causes the incapability of BTS to
receive GPS signals.
3)
For the iS-MR50LNZ+6 type, its PROTECTED end must face the BTS.
For DGXZ+6NF NM-A type, its EQUIPMENT end must face the BTS.
If a lightning arrester is inversely installed, the insertion loss of the GPS receive
channel will increase, which affects the reception of GPS signals.
If the lightning arrester fails, the BTS cannot receive GPS signals normally. In
this case, remove the lightning arrester and check how the BTS traces GPS
satellites to verify whether the lightning arrester fails.
4)
Check the GPS receiver (you may also apply to replace the BCKM or the GPS
receiver if you are in the equipment room.).
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
The following lists major faults of the GPS receiver and explains how to locate
these faults.
z
Query result:
HW CBTS>
OccurTime
= [2000-01-01 00:00:00]
AlarmType
= Alarm,
AlarmItem
AlarmLevel = Minor
CardType
= BCKM_CLK,
CardId
= 0
,SubUnitId = 255
HW CBTS>
OccurTime
= [2000-01-01 00:00:00]
AlarmType
= Alarm,
AlarmItem
CardType
= BCKM_CLK,
AlarmLevel = Minor
CardId
= 0
,SubUnitId = 255
= 1PPS No Output
If the alarms exist and do not disappear, it indicates that the 1PPS output part
of the GPS receiver is faulty. In this case, replace the GPS receiver.
z
Query result:
HW CBTS>
OccurTime
= [2000-01-01 00:00:00]
AlarmType
= Alarm,
AlarmItem
AlarmLevel = Minor
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
CardType
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
= BCKM_CLK,
CardId
= 0
,SubUnitId = 255
If the alarms exist and do not disappear, it indicates that the communication
serial port of the GPS receiver card is faulty. In this case, replace the GPS
receiver.
z
Query result:
HW CBTS>
OccurTime
= [2000-01-01 00:00:00]
AlarmType
= Alarm,
AlarmItem
CardType
= BCKM_CLK,
AlarmLevel = Notice
CardId
= 0
,SubUnitId = 255
This alarm is generated the working current of the antenna is lower than the
detection threshold of the GPS receiver.
You can replace the GPS antenna to make further judgment. If the alarm
disappears, the GPS antenna is faulty. If the alarm does not disappear, check
the connection between GPS antenna and the GSP receiver.
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
When the alarm occurs before the BTS clock synchronizes the GPS for the first
time, it means that the number of satellites traced by the GPS receiver is less
than four.
When the alarm occurs while the GPS receiver is in position holdover mode, it
means that the number of satellites traced by the GPS receiver is less than two.
Query result:
HW CBTS>
OccurTime
= [2003-04-09 15:52:55]
AlarmType
= Alarm,
AlarmItem
CardType
= BCKM_CLK,
AlarmLevel = Notice
CardId
= 0
,SubUnitId = 255
HW CBTS>
OccurTime
= [2003-04-09 15:52:43]
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
AlarmType
= Alarm,
AlarmLevel = Major
AlarmItem
CardType
= BCKM_CLK,
CardId
= 0
,SubUnitId = 255
2)
You can obtain the longitude, latitude and altitude information from other BTSs
that can trace satellites, or from the parameter list of the network planning. You
may also obtain the approximate 3D information from the maps of the local area.
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
Note:
In general, it is not necessary to enter the 3D information when the BTS is powered on for the first
time.
If the longitude, latitude and altitude information obtained through checking special statuses of the
BCKM_CLK module differs greatly from the actual ones, the setting of the BTS 3D information speed
up the satellites location and locking of the GPS receiver.
Do not use commands to change the BTS 3D information when the BTS is running normally to avoid
the phase jump of the PP2S signals.
I. Failure to trace GPS satellites due to the failure of GPS lightning arrester
z
Fault symptom
The BTS fails to trace GPS Satellites.
Fault location
Log in to the BTS through Telnet. Check the alarms of BCKM. The antenna
connection open alarm can be found. Locate the fault step by step. After the
GPS lightning arrester is removed, the alarm disappears. The BTS can trace
enough satellites.
It can be concluded that the failure of the GPS lightning arrester causes the
problem.
II. Failure of the BTS to trace GPS satellites due to microwave interference
z
Fault symptom
The alarm that satellites are lost occurs from 8:00 A.M to 9:30 A.M. every day.
The number of satellites traced is less than three.
Fault location
The above symptom indicates that the hardware of the BTS equipment is not
faulty. The BTS is installed on the highest building without shelters around. But
there is a microwave antenna facing the GPS antenna obliquely.
It is possible that the microwave interference causes the fault.
Test the performance of the GPS receiver by holding it at the place where the
BTS antenna is installed. Test result shows that the receiver can trace the same
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
number of satellites as the BTS does. That is, at most five satellites can be
traced.
This indicates that nothing is wrong with the equipment of the BTS. The
installation position of the GPS antenna is appropriate. The microwave radiation
affects the receiving performance of the GPS antenna.
Lower the installation position of the GPS antenna to avoid the interference of
the microwave antenna, and the BTS can trace seven satellites. In most cases,
the BTS can trace six satellites. The performance of the GPS antenna is greatly
improved.
Fault symptom
Clock alarms are detected frequently in a site after kickoff.
These alarms include:
--Exception of the channel processing chip clock
--Exception of the system clock
--The primary clock is unlocked
The performance measurement result shows that the call drop rate of the BTS
reaches up to 6.9%, much higher than the average rate (1.6%).
Fault location
The above symptom indicates that the BTS can trace GPS satellites normally
and that the frequent occurrence of alarms is caused by the hardware fault of the
BCKM phase-locked loop.
As it is impossible to find out which part of the BCKM is faulty, the whole BCKM
is replaced to solve the problem. Later the faulty BCKM is tested in the lab and it
is found out that the 10 MHz crystal oscillator is faulty.
Fault symptom
A BTS cannot trace enough GPS satellites (four) for a long time after it is
powered on, and the number of the traced satellites changes from three to zero.
Fault location
This problem occurs before the GPS receiver completes the location task. If the
position information of the GPS receiver is correct, this problem will not occur
again.
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
Check the special status of the clock during the power-on of the BTS, and the
result is as follows:
HW CBTS>dsp btsbrdspecstat:brdtp=bckm_clk,brdid=0
clk ref source
: gps
satellites traced
: 4
latitude
: N30o2'7"
longitude
: E125o5'42"
altitude
: -439m
pll status
GMT offset
: eastern 8:0
(Note: When the BTS traces four satellites, the number of the traced satellites
soon changes to zero.)
HW CBTS>dsp btsbrdspecstat:brdtp=bckm_clk,brdid=0
clk ref source
: gps
satellites traced
: 0
latitude
: N30o2'7"
longitude
: E125o5'42"
altitude
: -439m
pll status
GMT offset
: eastern 8:0
: gps
satellites traced
: 8
latitude
: N27o35'4"
longitude
: E113o40'51"
altitude
: +108m
Huawei Technologies Proprietary
3-25
Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
pll status
: lock
GMT offset
: eastern 8:0
The result of the special status shows that the 3D information differs greatly
before and after the location of the GPS receiver.
The GPS receiver calculates the 3D information by iteration to verify whether it
has traced GPS satellites. The history 3D information is needed for the
calculation process. But the history 3D information differs greatly from the actual
one, which prolongs the iteration process. Therefore, it takes a long time before
the BTS can trace enough GPS satellites after it is powered on.