ASME B31.

3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

ASME B31.3 Process Piping

Charles Becht IV, PhD, PE
Don Frikken, PE
Instructors
BECHT ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC.

Valve Selection -

Piping Development Process

1. Establish applicable system standard(s)
2. Establish design conditions
3. Make overall piping material decisions

Pressure Class
Reliability
Materials of construction

4. Fine tune piping material decisions

Materials
Determine wall thicknesses
Valves

5. Establish preliminary piping system layout & support

configuration
6. Perform flexibility analysis
7. Finalize layout and bill of materials
8. Fabricate and install
9. Examine and test

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Valve Selection -

ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

5. Valve Selection
Code Requirements
Selection by Valve Type

Gate
Globe
Check
Butterfly
Ball
Plug
Pinch
Diaphragm

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Valve Selection -

The Material in This Section is

Addressed by B31.3 in:
Chapter IV - Standards for Piping
Components

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Valve Selection -

ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

Code Requirements

5. Valve Selection

[307]

Listed Valves
Can be used within their pressuretemperature ratings and any additional
limitations described in the Code

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Code Requirements

Valve Selection -

[307]

Unlisted Valves can be used within Code limitations

if they:
provide strength and performance equivalent to
standard components, and
satisfy one of the following:
pressure-temperature ratings established by the method
described in Annex F of ASME B16.34, or
are qualified for pressure design as required by para.
304.7.2.

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Valve Selection -

ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

Code Requirements

5. Valve Selection

[307]

Bolted bonnets secured by

fewer than 4 bolts or a U-bolt
may only be used in Category
D Fluid Service.
Stems may not be retained
solely by the seal retaining
fasteners (blow-out proof)

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Valve Selection -

Selection by Valve Type

Gate
Globe
Check
Butterfly
Ball
Plug
Pinch
Diaphragm

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Valve Selection -

ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Gate
Valve
From
API 603

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Gate
Valve
Bonnets

From
Bonney
Stockham
Milwaukee

Valve Selection -

Bolted
Welded

Screwed

Union

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Valve Selection -

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Gate
Valve
Bonnets

Pressure Seal Body to Bonnet Joint

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Valve Selection -

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Gate
Valve
Stems

From
Stockham
Outside Screw
and Yoke (OS&Y)

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Inside Screw
Non-rising Stem
Valve Selection -

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Gate Valve Stem Pull Test

API 591 requires pull testing of
the stem-to-wedge connection of
OS&Y valves.
The requirement is that the stem
break outside the valve.

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Valve Selection -

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Gate Valve Trim

Trim items include

Stem
gate seat surfaces
body or seat ring seat surfaces
backseat stem contact surface

Trim options for carbon steel valves include

Half hard (13 Cr stem and disk, hard faced seats)
normally supplied
Full hard (13 Cr stem and disk, hard faced disk and
seats
Alloy 400 (Alloy 400 stem, disk & seats)
316 SS (316 SS stem, disk & seats)

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Gate Valve Discs

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Valve Selection -

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Extended Body Gate Valve

From Vogt

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Valve Selection -

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Knife Gate
Valves
MSS-SP-81

Typical
Nomenclature

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Valve Selection -

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Valve Selection -

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Knife
Gate
Valves

Seat Designs

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Gate Valve Attributes

On-off applications (Not considered suitable
for throttling)
Works as well with flow from either direction
Suitable for use in wide range of conditions
Can be made fire resistant and blow-out
resistant
Available in any size
Blocked-in volume when the valve is closed
Almost always leaks through the seat

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Valve Selection -

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Valve Selection -

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Globe
Valve

From
Vogt

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Globe Valve

Angle Globe
(Vogt)

Y-Pattern Globe
(Vogt)

Straight-pattern Globe
with Pressure-seal
Bonnet (Ramondi)

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Valve Selection -

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Needle
Instrument
Valve
MSS-SP-105

From Vogt

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Globe Valve Attributes

Suitable for on-off applications and throttling

Works best with flow from one direction
Suitable for use in wide range of conditions
Can be made fire resistant and blow-out
resistant
Available in sizes up to about NPS 14 (DN 350)
No blocked-in volume when the valve is closed
Almost always leaks through the seat, but less
than a gate valve

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Valve Selection -

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Valve Selection -

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Check Valve
Swing
(Ramondi)
Tilting Disk
(ORBINOX)

Lift
(Vogt)
Centerline
Guided
Disk
(Durabla)

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Dual-Plate Wafer Check Valves

Lug Body Wafer (API 594)

Wafer & Lug Bodies (Mueller)

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Valve Selection -

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Check Valve Attributes

Works only with flow from one direction
Suitable for use in wide range of conditions
Can be made fire resistant and blow-out
resistant
Available in any size
No blocked-in volume when the valve is
closed
Almost always leaks through the seat, but
much more than a gate valve

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Valve Selection -

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Check Valve Attributes

Check valves check about 95% of the time
Check valves can close suddenly when the flow is
reversed, causing severe water hammer
Valve Type
Swing
Lift
Wafer

Slam Characteristics
Severe (improved with weight or spring)
Severe (improved with spring return)
Good

Tilting Disk

Excellent

C/L Disk

Excellent

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Types vs. P/T Ratings

Gate, Globe & Check Valves
P-T ratings are usually
limited by the valve body

Quarter-Turn Valves
P-T ratings are usually
limited by the seat

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Types vs. Manufacturers

Gate, Globe & Check Valves
If a manufacturer makes one
type, they usually make the
other types

Quarter-Turn Valves
If a manufacturer makes one
type, they frequently do not
make the other types
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Types vs. Attributes

Gate, Globe & Check Valves
More difficult to add an actuator
Take longer to open & close

Quarter-Turn Valves
Easier to add an actuator
Can be opened & closed
quickly (water hammer)
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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Quarter Turn Valve Handles

Handles are parallel to the pipe centerline when
they are open

(Contromatics)

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Valve Selection -

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Quarter Turn Valve Handles

but some designs allow the handle to be
(CCPS Beacon, June 2006)
installed incorrectly.
Valve used to isolate a
pump for maintenance
Release of a large
quantity of flammable
liquid at 150 psi (10
bar) and 350F
(175C)
Explosion and fire.
6 people injured
Required off site
evacuations
US $13 million
damage
Shut down refinery for
several months

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Valve Selection -

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Butterfly
Valve
Low
Pressure
From
API 609
Category A

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Butterfly Valve Low Pressure

Wafer Body, PTFE Lined

(Durco)

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Lug Body
(Contromatics)

Valve Selection -

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Butterfly Valve Low Pressure

Suitable for on-off applications and throttling
Works as well with flow from either direction
Suitable for use up to ~200F (95C), 150 psig
(10 bar)
Cannot be made fire resistant or blow-out
resistant
Generally available NPS 3 (DN 80) and larger
No blocked-in volume when the valve is closed
Usually does not leak through the seat
Can be PTFE Lined
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Butterfly Valve High Pressure

From API 609 - Category B

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Double offset

Valve Selection -

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Butterfly Valve High Pressure

Valve Seats

Double offset

PTFE Seat
(Xomox)
Fire
Resistant
Seat
(Contromatics)
Fire
Resistant
Seat
(Xomox)

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Valve Selection -

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Butterfly Valve High Pressure

Triple offset

(Velan)

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Butterfly Valve High Pressure

Stem
To
Disk
Attachment

Through
Stem
Keyed to
Disk
(Contromatics)

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Double
(2-piece)
Stem
Pinned to
Disk
(Contromatics)
Valve Selection -

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Butterfly Valve High Pressure

Suitable for on-off applications and throttling
Generally works as well with flow from either
direction
Suitable for use in wide range of conditions,
but PTFE seats limited to ~400F (200C)
Can be made fire resistant and blow-out
resistant
Generally available NPS 3 (DN 80) and larger
No blocked-in volume when the valve is
closed
Usually does not leak through the seat
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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Ball
Valve
From
API 608
Floating
Ball,
End
Entry
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Valve Selection -

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Ball
Valve
From
API 608

Trunnion
Mounted,
Two
Piece
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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Ball Valve

Two Piece
Lever Handle
(Contromatics)

End Entry
Oval Handle
(Contromatics)

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Valve Selection -

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Ball Valve

Top Entry

Three Piece (Swing-out)

(Contromatics)

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Ball Valve

Two Piece, Fully Lined (Xomox)

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Valve Selection -

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Ball Valve Attributes

On-off applications (not considered suitable
for throttling)
Works as well with flow from either direction
Suitable for use in wide range of conditions,
but PTFE seats limited to ~400 F (200C)
Can be made fire resistant and blow-out
resistant
Available in any size
Blocked-in volume when the valve is closed
Usually does not leak through the seat
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Valve Selection -

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Plug Valve
From API 599
Lubricated

Sleeve Lined

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Valve Selection -

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Plug
Valve
Fully Lined

(Durco)

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API 599
Valve Selection -

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Plug Valve Attributes

On-off applications and non-severe throttling
Works as well with flow from either direction
Suitable for use in wide range of conditions,
but PTFE seats limited to ~400 F (200C)
Can be made fire resistant (only lubricated
type) and blow-out resistant
Generally available up to ~NPS 12 (DN 300)
Blocked-in volume when the valve is closed
Usually does not leak through the seat
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Valve Selection -

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Pinch Valve

(Red Valve)

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(Resistoflex)
Valve Selection -

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Pinch Valve Attributes

Suitable for on-off applications and throttling
Works as well with flow from either direction
Suitable for use up to 200 to 300F (95 to
150C)
Cannot be made fire resistant or blow-out
resistant
Generally available up to NPS 12 (DN 300)
No blocked-in volume when the valve is closed
Almost never leaks through the seat
Great choice for abrasive slurries
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Diaphragm Valve

(Saunders)

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Valve Selection -

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Weir Type

Fully Lined (Resistoflex)

Valve Selection -

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

Diaphragm Valve

(Saunders)

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5. Valve Selection

Straight Way Type

(Tecofi)
Valve Selection -

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Diaphragm Valve Attributes

Suitable for on-off applications and throttling
Works as well with flow from either direction
Suitable for use up to 200 to 300F (95 to
150C)
Cannot be made fire resistant or blow-out
resistant
Generally available up to NPS 12 (DN 300)
No blocked-in volume when the valve is
closed
Almost never leaks through the seat
Commonly used for sanitary service
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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

Valve Selection Workshop

What valve attributes and block, throttle and check
valve types would you select for the following
services:

Steam condensate
Dry chlorine liquid
Sulfuric acid
Gasoline
650 psig (45 bar) Steam
Heat transfer oil
Styrene monomer
Lime/water slurry

See Supplement page 8 for details.

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Valve Installation Workshop

Which way should ball valves with holes
drilled in the ball be installed?
4

See Supplement page 51 for details.

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ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course

5. Valve Selection

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