MEEM 3700

Mechanical Vibrations
Mohan D. Rao
Chuck Van Karsen
Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics
Michigan Technological University
Copyright 2003

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

MEEM 3700

Vibration Absorbers
Excessive vibration can be isolated or controlled

Solutions:
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

Reduce forcing function

Install isolation
Move resonance (fixed frequency force)
Add damping (moving or broadband frequency force)
Vibration absorber

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Example: Fixed Frequency Force

F0 sin (t )
Fixed Frequency
Force

c
Xmsin(
sin(t)

X0 = Amplitude (original)

Amplitude
Reduction
Move Resonance

Xmsin(
sin(t)
Lecture 20-Tuned Mass
Damper

Xm = Amplitude (modified)

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Example: Moving or Broadband Force

Effects of Adding Damping

F0 sin ( (1 2 ) t )

x
Original response

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

Modified response

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Vibration Absorber (a.k.a Tuned Mass Damper)

1.) Reduces amplitude response at or near a resonance.
2.) Reduces amplitude response at a specific frequency.

m2
k2

F (t )

Vibration Absorber

x2

c2

m1

x1
Original System

k1

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

c1

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Vibration Absorber (undamped

(undamped configuration)
m2

m2

x2

k2

F (t )

m1

x2

x2

k2 ( x1 x2 )

x1

m2 &&
x2 + k2 x2 k2 x1 = 0
k2 ( x1 x2 )

FBD
FBDs

k1
F ( t ) = F0 sin (t )

= m2 &&
x2

F (t )

Fx1 = m1&&x1

m1

x1

k1 x1

m1 &&
x1 + ( k1 + k2 ) x1 k2 x2 = F0 sin (t )
Lecture 20-Tuned Mass
Damper

MEEM 3700

Vibration Absorber (undamped

(undamped configuration)
Equations of Motion

k2 x1 F0 sin (t )
=

k2 x2
0

0 &&
x1 k1 + k2
+

m2 &&
x2 k2

m1
0

X1 =

Solution

x1 X 1
= sin (t )
x2 X 2

(k + k
1

X2 =

(k
2

(k + k
1

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

m2 2 F0

m1

)( k

k2 F0
2

m1

)( k

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m2 2 k22

m2 2 k22

Vibration Absorber
X1 =

(k + k
1

(k
2

m2 2 F0

m1

)( k

m2 2 k22

Goal: Reduce amplitude X1

(k

2 =

2
=0
2 m2

k2
m2

The natural frequency of the vibration absorber

equals the frequency of the forcing function:

F0 sin (t )
Lecture 20-Tuned Mass
Damper

MEEM 3700

Vibration Absorber: Design for Resonance

2 =

k2
k1
= 1 =
m2
m1
2

Define:

st =

F0
k1

1
X1
2
=
2
st k 2 k
1 + 2 1 2
k1 1 2 k1

X2

st

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

1
k 2 k
1 + 2 1 2
k1 1 2 k1
2

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Vibration Absorber: Design for Resonance

1 , 2 = natural frequency of the new

new combined system
Lecture 20-Tuned Mass
Damper

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Vibration Absorber: Amplitude of the Absorber

X2 =

(k + k
1

k2 F0
2

m1

)( k

X2 =

m2 2 k22

F0
K2

Absorber design must accommodate this.

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

MEEM 3700

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Vibration Absorber:
2

Effect of
1

Effect of the size of m2

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

Vibration Absorber: Damped System

Equations of Motion

m1
0

x1 c1 + c2
0 &&
+

m2 &&
x2 c2

m2
k2

k1

k2 x1 F0 sin (t )
=

k2 x2
0

x2

c2

m1

F0 sin (t )

c2 x&1 k1 + k2
+
c2 x&2 k2

Solution:

x1

x1 X 1 jt
= e
x2 X 2

c1

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

MEEM 3700

13

Vibration Absorber: Damped System

X1 =

k1 m1

)( k

F0 k2 m2 2 + jc2
2

m2

X2 =

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

)m k
2 2

(k

m2 2 + j c2

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+ j c2 k1 m1 2 m2 2

X 1 ( k2 + j c2 )
2

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Vibration Absorber: Damped System

=

By defining:

m2
= Mass ratio = Absorber mass / main mass
m1

st =

F0
= Static deflection of the system
k1

a2 =

k2
= Square of the natural frequency of the absorber
m2

n2 =

k1
= Square of the natural frequency of the main mass
m1

a
= Ratio of natural frequencies
n

g=
= Forced frequency ratio
n
cc = 2m2a = Critical damping constant
f =

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

c2
= Damping ratio
cc
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Vibration Absorber: Damped System

Solution:

x1 X 1 jt
= e
x2 X 2

The magnitudes, X1 and X2, can be expressed as:

2
2

( 2 g ) + g 2 f 2
X1
=
st ( 2 g )2 g 2 1 + g 2 2 + f 2 g 2 g 2 1 g 2 f 2

) {

)
(

)(

2
( 2 g ) + f 4
=
st ( 2 g )2 g 2 1 + g 2 2 + f 2 g 2 g 2 1 g 2 f 2

X2

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

) {

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)(

)}

)}

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Vibration Absorber: Damped System

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

Example:

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a = n =

17

k1
m1

m1 = 10

m2 = 2

k1 = 1000

k2 = 200

c1 = 1

c2 = 1

m2
k2

x2

c2

m1

F0 sin (t )

k1

x1

c1

x1 2 1 x&1 1200 200 x1 F0 sin (t )

10 0 &&
+

0 2 &&
+
=
0

x2 1 1 x&2 200 200 x2

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Damper

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Example:

a = n =

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

Example:

k1
m1

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a = 1.75Hz

m2
k2

m1 = 10

m2 = 2

k1 = 1000

k2 = 241

c1 = 1

c2 = 0

x2

c2

m1

F0 sin (t )

k1

x1

c1

x1 1 0 x&1 1241 241 x1 F0 sin (t )

10 0 &&
+

0 2 &&
+
=
0

x2 0 0 x&2 241 241 x2

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

MEEM 3700

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Example:

a = 1.75Hz

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

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Applications of Tuned Mass Damper

Automotive (Exhaust, Steering & Suspension Systems, Rear view
mirror, airbag, battery, etc.)

Appliances (Washers, Dryers, Dishwasher, Refrigerators, etc.)

Machine Tools (Lathes, Milling Machines, Grinders, etc.)
Buildings (John Hancock Tower, Citicorp Center, Canadian
National Tower)

Aircraft & Spacecraft (Turbines, Inlet & Exhaust, accessory

component motors, etc.)

Lecture 20-Tuned Mass

Damper

MEEM 3700

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