GENERALBIOLOGY

LSM1301

Semester1200910

Lecturers
SeowTeckKeong
S1A0227,DeptofBiologicalSciences
, p
g
Email:teckeong@nus.edu.sg
Tel:65162695
Tel: 65162695

TanSwee Hee
S60301,DeptofBiologicalSciences
EEmail:
mail:sweehee@nus.edu.sg
sweehee@nus edu sg
Tel:65162875
LSM1301

Semester1200910

Module Particulars
ModuleParticulars
Prerequisites
None

Preclusions
MustnothavereadGCEALevelorH2Biology,
M
h
d GCE A L l H2 Bi l
orequivalents
CannotbereadconcurrentlywithLSM1101,
LSM1102,LSM1103,LSM1201,andLSM1202

LSM1301

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Lectures
GroupSL1

Wednesday
d d

14001600

GroupSL2

Friday

12001400

LT25

Webcasting
Recorded,notlive
eco ded, ot
e
PublishedonIVLE
Audiopodcastfileinmp3format
Audio podcast file in mp3 format
Mainpurpose reviewandrevision
Onlyprojectedimagesandvoicecaptured
Livedemonstrationswillnotbecaptured
p
LSM1301

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Lectures
Lecture

Topic
i

GroupSL1

GroupSL2

ScienceofBiology

12August2009

14August2009

Chemistry of Life
ChemistryofLife

19 August 2009
19August2009

21 August 2009
21August2009

CellStructureandFunction

26August2009

28August2009

EnergyandLife

2September2009

4September2009

DNAandHeredity

9September2009

11September2009

GeneExpression

16September2009

18September2009

Biotechnology

30September2009

2October2009

Biodiversity

7October2009

9October2009

Plant Form and Function

PlantFormandFunction

14 October 2009
14October2009

16 October 2009
16October2009

10

AnimalFormandFunction

21October2009

23October2009

11

Ecology

28October2009

30October2009

12

Evolution

4November2009

6November2009

LSM1301

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Open Laboratory Sessions

OpenLaboratorySessions
Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

LSM1301

GroupW1

10001200

GroupW2

12001400

Group
GroupW3
W3

14001600
1400 1600

GroupW4

16001800

GroupT1

10001200

GroupT2

12001400

GroupT3

14001600

GroupT4

16001800

GroupF1

10001200

Group F2
GroupF2

12001400

GroupF3

14001600

GroupF4

16001800
Semester1200910

LifeSciencesTeachingLaboratory4
Block S1A Level 4 #0403
BlockS1A,Level4,#04
03

Open Laboratory Sessions

OpenLaboratorySessions
Topics

Groups
W1,W2,W3,W4

T1,T2,T3,T4

F1,F2,F3,F4

Microscopy
Microscopy
(Assignment2)

9September2009
9
September 2009
(Wednesday)

10September2009
10
September 2009
(Thursday)

11September2009
11
September 2009
(Friday)

LivingCells
g
(Assignment3)

16September
p
2009
(Wednesday)

17September2009
p
(Thursday)

18 September2009
p
(Friday)

Respiration
(A i
(Assignment4)
t 4)

30September2009
(W d d )
(Wednesday)

1October2009
(Th d )
(Thursday)

2October2009
(F id )
(Friday)

DNAandRNA
(Assignment 5)
(Assignment5)

21October2009
(Wednesday)

22October2009
(Thursday)

23October2009
(Friday)

Carnivory
(Assignment6)

28October2009
(Wednesday)

29October2009
(Thursday)

30October2009
(Friday)

LSM1301

Semester1200910

Museum Visit
MuseumVisit
Dates

12 16October2009
(M d toFriday)
(Monday
t F id )

RafflesMuseumofBiodiversity
Research
Location
BlockS6,Level3
DepartmentofBiologicalSciences
FacultyofScience
Opening
Hours
Website

LSM1301

09001700onMondaystoFridays
(ClosedonSaturdays,Sundays,
andPublicHolidays)
http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/

Semester1200910

Assessment
ContinualAssessment(40%)
Openlaboratorysessions
p
y
Assignments
Museumvisit
Museum visit

FinalExamination(60%)
Openbookexamination
60multiple
60 multiplechoice
choicequestions
questions
26Nov2009(Thursday),17001900
LSM1301

Semester1200910

Recommended Texts
RecommendedTexts
Biology
i l
SylviaS.Mader
10thEdition(2010)
McGrawHillHigherEducation

Biology:TheUnityandDiversityof
Life
12thEdition(2006)
Cecie Starr,RalphTaggart,Christine
Evers,andLisaStarr
ThomsonBrooks/Cole
LSM1301

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10

Recommended Texts
RecommendedTexts
Biology:ConceptsandInvestigations
Marielle Hoefnagels
1stEdition(2009)
McGraw
McGrawHill
HillHigherEducation
Higher Education

Biology:LifeonEarthwithPhysiology
8th
8thEdition(2008)
Editi (2008)
TeresaAudesirk,GeraldAudesirk,and
B
BruceE.Byers
E B
PearsonPrenticeHall
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Learning Outcomes
LearningOutcomes
Subjectmatter
bj
Acquisition lectures,assignments
Application lectures,assignments

Lifeskills
Life skills
Communication assignments
Thinking
Thinking assignments

Societalvalues
Responsibility assignments
Integrity assignments
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12

Subject Matter
SubjectMatter
Conceptoflifefunctions fromcellstotissues
g
y
toorganstosystems
Basicterminologiesandconcepts
Diversityoflife
Di
i
f lif someofthemajor
f h
j
developmentsandadaptationsinlifeforms
Relatingknowledgeacquiredtoeverydaylife
common day controversies between science
commondaycontroversiesbetweenscience
andsociety
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LSM1301

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14

http://emodule.nus.edu.sg/ac
p //
g/
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Plagiarism
Studentswithsimilaranswers
Toeachother
Toothersources

Alloffences
All ff
MustbereportedtoHeadofDepartment
Investigativeinterviewwillbeconducted
Penaltytobemetedoutbasedonoutcomeof
Penalty to be meted out based on outcome of
interview
LSM1301

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16

Plagiarism
Keypointstonote
Assignmentsareindividualpiecesofwork
g
p
Rephraseandreconstructanswers
Citesourcesofreference
Cite sources of reference
DiscussionsoverInternetChattendtoresultin
similaranswers
i il
Thosewhocopiedandthosewhowerecopied
fromareequallyliabletobepenalised

LSM1301

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17

IVLE Web Portal

IVLEWebPortal
URL
http://ivle.nus.edu.sg

Moduleparticulars
Objectives,schedule,syllabus,lecturers,texts,etc
Objectives, schedule, syllabus, lecturers, texts, etc

Announcements
Latestupdatesandchanges
L t t d t
d h
OptiontosignupforSMSnotification

Gradebook
Marksofassignments(includingremarks,ifany)
g
(
g
y)
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IVLE Web Portal

IVLEWebPortal
Workbin
Downloadingoflecturenotesandassignments
g
g
Uploadingofcompletedassignments

Forum
F
Commentsandquestionsonmoduleandsubject
matter

Chatroom
Chat room
Onlinequestionandanswersessions
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19

IVLE Web Portal

IVLEWebPortal
Assessment
Onlinereviewandselfpracticequestions
p
q
Gradesdonotcount

Multimedia
M lti di
Animationsandwebcasts

Lessonplan
Detailsoflectures,openlaboratorysessions,
Details of lectures open laboratory sessions
museumvisit,andfinalexamination
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Important Notes
ImportantNotes
Emails
SubjectmustincludeLSM1301
j
Ifnot,mayendupinSpamfolder
Forquestionsspecifictoindividual
For questions specific to individual

Forum
Forquestionsrelatedtomoduleandsubject
matter
Responseonlyafterdiscussionsbetweenstudents
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Important Notes
ImportantNotes
Assignments
SubmissionstoIVLEonlyy
Donotemailassignmentscripts
Donotsubmithardcopyofassignmentscripts
Do not submit hardcopy of assignment scripts
Latesubmissionsallowedfor1dayafterfirst
d dli b
deadlinebutsubjectedto50%penalty
bj
d
%
l
Studentsresponsibilitytoensurethatthere
wouldbenoplagiarism

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22

What is Life?
WhatisLife?
OxfordEnglishDictionary
The condition or attribute off living
g or being
g alive;;
animate existence. Opposed to death.

Characteristicsoflivingthings
Characteristics of living things
Complexandorganised
Requireenergy
Respondtoenvironment
p
Reproduceandgrow
Adapttochange
Adapt to change
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Complex and Organised

ComplexandOrganised
Organisedinhierarchicalmanner
Eachhigherlevel
Each higher level
Morecomplexthanprecedinglevel
Morethanthesumofpropertiesofpreceding
M
h
h
f
i
f
di
level

Emergentproperties
Interactionsbetweencomponentsofpreceding
Interactions between components of preceding
levelgiverisetonewproperties
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Complexand
Organised

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Complex and Organised

ComplexandOrganised

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Complex and Organised

ComplexandOrganised
Kingdoms
Archaea kingdomsstillbeingworkedout
g
g
Bacteria kingdomsstillbeingworkedout
Eukarya

LSM1301

KingdomProtista
Ki d
KingdomFungi
F
i
KingdomPlantae
KingdomAnimalia
d
l

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Complex and Organised

ComplexandOrganised

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Complex and Organised

ComplexandOrganised

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Complex and Organised

ComplexandOrganised

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Require Energy
RequireEnergy
Autotrophs
Selffeeders,producers
,p
Photosynthesis capture
light energy to make food
lightenergytomakefood

Heterotrophs
Otherfeeders,consumers
Acquireenergyfoundin
q
gy
moleculesofother
organisms
g
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Respond to Environment
RespondtoEnvironment
Changesinenvironments
Sensedbyorganisms
y g
Makeresponsestochanges

Environments
E i
t
Internal temperature,waterlevel,bloodsugar
level,etc.
External food,water,taste,light,sound,etc.
,
,
, g ,
,

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33

Respond to Environment
RespondtoEnvironment
Homeostasis
To stayy the same inGreek
Maintenanceofrelativelyconstantinternal
environment

Animals
Temperature,thirst,hunger,spermproduction

Plants
Directionofgrowth(towardslightsource)
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Reproduce and Grow

ReproduceandGrow
Reproduction
Resultsinoffspringofsametypetomaintain
p g
yp
population
Transmissionofgeneticmaterialtooffspringto
Transmission of genetic material to offspring to
ensurecontinuityoflife

Growth
G
th
Multicellular organismsproducemorecells
Unicellularorganismsenlargecellsanddivideto
makemoreindividuals
LSM1301

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35

Adapt to Change
AdapttoChange
Adaptations
d
i
Modificationsincharacteristicsorbehavioursthat
makesanorganismmoresuitedtogivenenvironment
k
i
it d t i
i
t

Naturalselection
Individualswithinheritedadaptationsthatpromote
survivalandreproductionwillmakeupmoreofthe
population over time
populationovertime

Evolution
Ch
Changeingeneticmakeupofapopulationoverlong
i
i
k
f
l i
l
periodsoftime
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Adapt to Change
AdapttoChange
Whenenvironmentchanges
Differentcombinationsofadaptationsmaybebetter

Diversity
Arise
Arisefromdifferenttypesofadaptationstodifferent
from different types of adaptations to different
environments

Atbasiclevel
At basic level
Allorganismsareverysimilar
Suggestslivingthingsdescendedfromcommon
ancestor
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What is Science?
WhatisScience?
Science
Askingquestionsaboutnaturalworldaroundus
gq

Biology
Scientificstudyoflife,askingquestionsaboutlife
S i ifi
d f lif
ki
i
b
lif

Scientificmethod
Generalframeworkusedtoanswerquestions
Rigorousprocessoforganisinginvestigationto
Rigorous process of organising investigation to
considerideasandevidenceinrepeatablemanner
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Scientific Method
ScientificMethod
Basedonsetofassumptionsorprinciples
Naturalcausalityy
Alleventscanbeattributedtonaturalcauses
Explanationsdonotinvokesupernatural
Explanations do not invoke supernatural

Uniformityinspaceandtime
Naturallawsapplyatallplacesandalltimes
Natural laws apply at all places and all times

Similarperception
Peopleperceivenaturaleventsinsimilarways
l
l
l
Observationsofotherhumansacceptedasreliable
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Scientific
M th d
Method

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40

Scientific Method
ScientificMethod
Observation
Makeobservationofaphenomenoneitherwith
p
sensesorinstruments
May
Maybehistoricalincidentsoraccidents
be historical incidents or accidents
Maybeexistingknowledgeandexperimentalresults
May be mental connections among previously
Maybementalconnectionsamongpreviously
unrelatedobservations

Leadstodevelopmentofquestions
Leads to development of questions
Focusonasingleanswerablequestion

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Scientific Method
ScientificMethod
Hypothesis
Tentativeexplanationforobservedphenomenon
p
p
Typicallyintheformofif/thenpredictions
Mustbetestablebyexperiments
Must be testable by experiments
Ifhypothesisincorrect,experimentswould
di
disprovehypothesis
h
h i

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Scientific Method
ScientificMethod
Experiment
Testandchallengehypothesis,underknownand
g yp
,
controlledconditions
Eachexperimenttestsasinglevariable
Each experiment tests a single variable
Mustruleoutinfluenceofotherpossiblevariables

Controlgroup
Control group
Versionofexperimentwithoutvariablebeingtested

Samplesize
Largernumbertestedgivesmoremeaningfulresults
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LSM1301

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Scientific Method
ScientificMethod
Conclusion
C l i
Evaluationofhypothesisinlightofexperimental
results
lt
Resultsareanalysedandinterpretedforconclusions
to be drawn
tobedrawn
Ifhypothesisdisproved
Experimentstoberedesigned
Experiments to be redesigned

Ifhypothesissupported
Conclusionmustremaintentative
Conclusion must remain tentative
Cannotbeproventruewith100%certainty
Canneverbesurealluntestedvariablesarecontrolled
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Scientific Theory
ScientificTheory
C
Comprehensiveexplanationfornatural
h i
l
i f
l
phenomenon
Hypothesisorgroupofrelatedhypotheses
Haswithstoodrigorousandextensiveexperimental
t ti
testing
Hasnotyetbeenfoundincorrect

Neverpermanentorfinaltruth
f l
h
Alwaysprovisionalandsubjecttochange
Maybemodifiedorreplacedwhencompelling
evidencearises
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Limitations of Science
LimitationsofScience
SScientificmethodnotfoolprooforeasyto
i ifi
h d
f l
f
implement
Experimentalresultsmayleadtodifferentconclusions
Themostcarefullydesignedexperimentcanfailto
providedefinitiveanswer
id d fi iti

Cannotprovideanswerstosubjectivequestions
Moral,aesthetic,orphilosophicalstandards

Mayresultinconflictwithotherformsof
knowledge
Copernicus,Darwin
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Reference Texts
ReferenceTexts

Chapter1

LSM1301

Chapter1

Chapter1

Semester1200910

Chapter1

48