Iqra University, Main Campus

Course: SI for Managers

Date: May 1, 2015

Faculty: Iftikhar Mubbashir

Spring 2015

Statistics-Walpole Chapter-12

One way Classification

Random samples of size n are selected from each of k populations.

The k populations are independent and normally distributed with means 1 , 2 ,, k and common
variance 2 .
We wish to derive appropriate methods for testing the hypothesis:

H0 : 1 2 k Against, H0 : at leasttwo
Let
x ij : The j th observation from the i th population.

Ti : The total of all observations in the sample from the i th population.

x i : The mean of all observations in the sample from the i th population.

T .. : The total of all nk observations.

Total

1
x11
x 12

x 1n
T1

2
x 21
x 22

x 2n
T2

x1

xi

are unequal.

Population
i
x i1
x i2

x in
Ti

xi

k
x k1
x k2

x kn
Tk

T ..
x ..

xk

Sum of Squares Computational Formulas for equal sample sizes:

TSS x ij2
i 1 j 1

T..2
nk

T..2
n
nk
TSS CSS ESS
CSS

i 1

Analysis of Variance for the One-Way Classification for equal samples

Source of Variation
Column Means

Sum of Squares
CSS

Degree of Freedom

Mean Square

k 1

CSS
k 1
ESS
s22
k n 1

Error

ESS

kn 1

Total

TSS

nk 1

s12

Computed f Value
f

s12
s22

Sum of Squares Computational Formulas for equal sample sizes:

TSS x ij2
i 1 j 1

T..2
N

Ti 2 T..2

N
i 1 ni
TSS CSS ESS
Source of Variation
Column Means

CSS

Sum of Squares
CSS

Degree of Freedom

Error

ESS

Nk

Total

TSS

N 1

k 1

Mean Square
CSS
s12
k 1
ESS
s22
Nk

Computed f Value
s12
f 2
s2

Exercises:
1. The data in the following table represent the number of hours of pain relief provided by 5 different
brands of headache tablets administered to 25 subjects. The 25 subjects were randomly divided into 5
groups and each group was treated with a different brand.
Tablets
A
B
C
D
E
5
9
3
2
7
4
7
5
3
6
8
8
2
4
9
6
6
3
1
4
3
9
7
4
7
Total
Mean
Perform the analysis of variance, and test the hypothesis at the 0.05 level of significance that the mean
number of hours of relief provided by the tablets is the same for all five brands.
2. It is supposed that the higher-priced automobiles are assembled with greater care than lower-priced
automobiles. To investigate whether there is any basis for this feeling, a luxury model A, a medium size
sedan B, and a subcompact hatchback C, were compared for defects, when they arrived at the dealers
showroom. All cars were manufactured by the same company. The numbers of defects for several of
the three models are recorded as follows:
Model
A
B
C
4
5
8
7
1
6
6
3
8
6
5
9
3
5
4
Total
Test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance that the average number of defects is the same for the
three models.
2