Table of Contents

1.0

Life Cycle Inventory ................................................................................................ 1

1.1

Group Member Information ID .......................................................................... 1

1.2

Calculations ......................................................................................................... 1

2.0

Carbon Footprint and Hotspot Identification ........................................................... 5

3.0

Selection of Cleaner Production Strategies.............................................................. 8

4.0

Incorporation of Cleaner Production Strategies ....................................................... 8

5.0

Implication of Cleaner Production Strategies .......................................................... 8

List of Tables
Table 2. 1 GHG emissions from canola oil production ...................................................... 5
Table 2. 2 GHG emissions summary table ........................Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.0

Life Cycle Inventory

1.1

Group Member Information ID

1.2

a.

15655301

b.

14957051

c.

15538648

d.

17484688

e.

16599390

Calculations

a. Number of houses
= 15 (10
+ ( ))
= 15 (10 + (1 + 1 + 8 + 8 + 0) = 300

b. Total amount of electricity consumption for the houses

= 4.5 300 = 1350

c. Total amount of biodiesel required to generate electricity

= 1350

1000 3.6

= 4.86 106
1
1

4.86 106
= 303,750

0.4 40

303,750
= 347,262.92

0.8747

d. Total amount of biodiesel for export

= 100 + summation of last 2 digits of students ID of your group members)x100
= (100 + 1 + 51 + 48 + 90) 100 = 29,000

e. Total amount of canola oil required for producing biodiesel

1

303,750
= 319,736.84

0.95

319,737
= 363,337.32

0.88

f. Total amount of canola required for producing canola oil

=

363,337
= 1.21 106

0.3

g. Total amount of land area required to produce canola including losses

-

Yield of canola :
= (1238 + summation of last 2 digits of student IDs of all group members)
= 1238 + 1 + 51 + 48 + 88 + 90 = 1516 /

Amount of land:
=

1,211,124
= 798.89
1516 /

h. Total canola seeds required to produce canola

= 798.89 6

= 4,793.37

i. Total fertilizer required for farming

= 798.89 85

= 67,906.05

j. Total herbicides required for farming

= 798.89 3.5

= 2,796.13

k. Total lime required for farming

2

= 798.89 1.4

= 1,118.6

= 1.12 106

l. Total water required for farming

3
= 798.89 1000
= 798,894.72 3

m. Total diesel required during farming and harvesting stage

= 798.89 35

= 27,961.32

n. Total electricity required for pumping of ground water

-

Electric motor capacity

5 = 3750

Time needed to pump water

= 798,894.72 3 = 7.99 108
=

7.99 108
= 1.33 108 = 36,991

Energy required to pump water

() = () () /1000
= 138,697

o. Total tkm (total weight of each item x distance travelled to bring this to farm)
N&P fertilizers & herbicides
= ( + ) /1000
= (67,906.05 + 2,796.13) 150

1
= 10,605.33
1000

Lime
= /1000
= 1.12 106 50

1
= 55,930
1000
3

 Seeds
= /1000
= 4,793.37 50

1
= 239.67
1000

Methanol
= /1000
=

79,934.21
1
150
= 10,287.53
0.858 /
1000

Potassium Hydroxide
= /1000
= 1,598.68 50

1
= 79.93
1000

p. Total electricity required during conversion of canola to oil

= 0.1

1,211,124 = 1.21 105

q. Total Methanol required for trans-esterification process

= 22%
= 22% 363,337 = 79,934.21

r. Total potassium Hydroxide required as catalyst

=5

1
=5
363,337
= 1,598.68

1000

s. Total diesel required during processing stage

=2
1,211 = 2,422.25

=2

t. Total electricity required during conversion of canola oil to bio diesel

= 0.2
= 0.2

2.0

319,737 = 62,947.37

Carbon Footprint and Hotspot Identification

Table 2. 1 GHG emissions from canola oil production

GHG Emissions from canola oil production

GHG emissions from
Paddock to canola oil production
canola oil + residue
stage
tonnes CO 2 eProduction of fertilizer
2,376.71
Application of fertilizer
339.53
Production and application of herbicide
64.31
Production of lime
22.37
Application of lime
492.12
Diesel consumption for farming to
harvesting
Transportation of seeds
Transportation of fertilizer and
Transportation of lime
Electricity consumption for water
pumping and conversion of canola to
oil*
Total

Allocation factor based

on economic approach
(%)
63.16%
63.16%
63.16%
63.16%
63.16%

GHG emissions from

canola oil
tonnes CO 2 e1,501.08
214.44
40.62
14.13
310.81

14.88

63.16%

9.40

0.03
1.30
6.88

63.16%
63.16%
63.16%

0.02
0.82
4.34

0.02

63.16%

0.01

3,318.15
*The emissions associated with production of this electricity from biodiesel are not considered for allocation

GHG emissions summary table

Stage

2.1

Column B

Original GHG Emissions

After Cleaner Production Strategies

Stagewise

Overall

Column C

Stagewise

Overall

GHG Saving
Potential
tonnes CO2 e-

tonnes CO2 e-

Hot
Spot

Production of fertilizer

1,501.08

71.63%

Application of fertilizer

214.44

10.23%

214.44

8.81%

339.53

27.06%

339.53

21.80%

Production and application of herbicide

40.62

1.94%

40.62

1.67%

64.31

5.12%

64.31

4.13%

Production of lime

14.13

0.67%

14.13

0.58%

22.37

1.78%

22.37

1.44%

Application of lime

310.81

14.83%

310.81

12.77%

492.12

39.22%

492.12

31.60%

Diesel consumption for farming to harveting

9.40

0.45%

9.40

0.39%

14.88

1.19%

14.88

0.96%

Transportation of seeds

0.02

0.00%

0.02

0.00%

0.03

0.00%

0.03

0.00%

Transportation of fertilizer and herbicide

0.82

0.04%

0.82

0.03%

1.30

0.10%

1.30

0.08%

Transportation of lime

4.34

0.21%

4.34

0.18%

6.88

0.55%

6.88

0.44%

Electricity consumption for water pumping and

canola to oil

0.01

0.00%

0.01

0.00%

0.02

0.00%

0.02

0.00%

2,095.67

100.00%

3,318.15

1,254.86

100.00%

1,254.86

Methanol

83.67

87.60%

80.06%

47.54

3.05%

36.13

Potassium Hydroxice

3.82

Diesel consumption for forklift etc.

6.74

Transportation of methanol

tonnes CO2 e-

tonnes CO2 e-

tonnes CO2 e-

1,501.08

61.67%

313.42

24.98%

313.42

20.13%

1,187.66

Paddock to canola oil production stage

Sub-Total (A)

2.2

Column A

Conversion of canola oil to biodiesel stage

83.67

3.44%

47.54

4.00%

3.82

0.16%

3.82

6.43%

3.82

0.25%

7.06%

6.74

0.28%

6.74

11.35%

6.74

0.43%

1.27

1.32%

1.27

0.05%

1.27

2.13%

1.27

0.08%

Transportation of potassium hydroxide

0.01

0.01%

0.01

0.00%

0.01

0.02%

0.01

0.00%

Electricity consumption for trans-esterification

0.00

0.00%

0.00

0.00%

0.00

0.01%

0.00

0.00%

59.38

100.00%

59.38

Sub-Total (B)

95.51

95.51

2.3

Total emissions from biodiesel production

Total (A+B)

2.4

Electricity generation
Electricity generation using biodiesel
Sub-Total (C)

2.5

Total emissions from bioenergy production

Total (A+B+C)

2.6

Emissions from the production of additional

biodiesel for meeting company's own
electricity demand
For water pumping and canola to oil
For trans-esterification
Sub-Total

2,191.19

2,191.19

243.00

100.00%

243.00

243.00

100.00%

243.00

2,434.19

2,434.19

1,314.24

9.98%

100.00%

1,314.24

243.00

100.00%

243.00

243.00

100.00%

243.00

1,557.24

1,557.24

15.60%

100.00%

1,758.39

80.25%

0.05

80.25%

432.80

19.75%

0.01

19.75%

2,191.19

100.00%

0.06

100.00%

LIBBIS SUJESSY
4/3/15
INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT 1 ESD 201

3.0

Selection of Cleaner Production Strategies

Based on the analysis carried out on Column A from Table 2.2, it is clearly observed that

the hotspot or the largest segment that causes the most carbon footprint is the production of
fertilizer at production stage and methanol production at biodiesel stage. Both fertilizer and
methanol are required at quite large amount of 67,906 kg and 79,934 liters, respectively. The
number of fertilizer required for the production stage is quite high since the amount of it was
calculated by estimation using empirical formula given in question paper, which was left to 85
kg/ha. However, because canola is sensitive to direct seed contact with fertilizer, the amount
should not be exceed than 10 pounds per acre or around 11.209 kg/ha (Murdock, Herbeck and
Riggins 1992, 9). To reduce the emission value for methanol production is to improve the
stoichiometric quantity. The excess methanol in the oil acts like a catalyst, where it contributes
the process but does not become a part of the final product. The stoichiometric quantity is usually
around 12.5% methanol by oil volume, however based on the calculations for canola oil, the actual
number is 11.3% (Engineers 2006, 83).

4.0

Incorporation of Cleaner Production Strategies

After revising and recalculating, the result can be seen in Column B Table 2.2.

5.0

Implication of Cleaner Production Strategies

Based on the Column A Table 2.2, it is observed that production of different items and

material produce different amount of CO2 emission. The differences is caused by several aspects
including the number of emission factors very between products, e.g. the value of emission factors
for production of fertilizer and lime has a great difference of 35 and 0.02 kg CO2 e-/kg,
respectively. Also, the production stage contributes around 86% of overall emissions calculated
due to the different machines used to carry out the process and also the number of materials
required. Processes to be carried out, electricity consumption and also travel distance are amongst
the emission contributors. The hotspot at each stage in this process are fertilizer at production
stage and methanol at conversion stage, with the percentage of 71.63% and 87.60%, respectively.
The primary problem is the production of fertilizer which contributes around 61% out of overall

process. These hotspots can be reduced in many ways such as improving the number of amount
of the fertilizer also the stoichiometric quantity of methanol. After applying the cleaner strategies,
as can be seen in Column B, the number of emission of the production of fertilizer improved a lot
to 20.13% of overall process. In conclusion, with the constant development of technology and
research, more methods will be found to reduce the carbon footprint of product as an inducement
towards greener environment.

References
Engineers, N.B.O.C.A. The Complete Book On Jatropha (Bio-Diesel) With Ashwagandha,
Stevia, Brahmi & Jatamansi Herbs (Cultivation, Processing & Uses). Asia Pacific
Business Press, 2006.
Lloyd Murdock, Jim Herbek, Steven K. Riggins. Canola Production & Management, 1992.