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VSG & KY
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Fig: 2 Boiler
Impurity
Effect in boiler
Oil
Foaming
Corrosion
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Mg(HCO3)2, Mg(OH)2,
Ca(HCO3)2, CaSO4
MgCO3
BOILER TROUBLES
SCALE AND SLUDGE FORMATION
In boiler, water is converted to steam. During this process, when the volume
of water decreases, a saturation point is reached and all the dissolved salts
precipitate out.
Depending on the physical and chemical nature of the impurity (salt) it may
form a loose, slimy, non- adhering precipitate (Sludge) or hard strongly
adhering precipitate (Scale)
Scale
(for types refer class
notes)
Sludge
Definition
Causes
Due to presence
of salts like
MgCl2 , MgSO4,
CaCl2 , MgCO3
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Disadvantages
Low thermal
conductivity
hence wastage of
fuel
Wastage of fuel
Occasional
entrapped
between scales
Decrease in efficiency
of the boiler
Choking of the
pipes
Lowering of boiler
safety
Effects
Prevention
Removal
( treatment)
By using
softened water
By adopting external
and internal treatment.
By dissolving in acids
like HCl, H2SO4
By blow down
operation
Removed by scrapping,
wire brushes etc.
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Foaming
Oil or any other polymeric substance present in boiler feed water, reduces
surface tension of water forming bubbles which do not break easily in
boilers giving a foam appearance.
This process is called foaming.
Foaming is caused by
Presence of oil & grease
Presence of finely divided sludge particles
Foaming can be prevented by
Adding coagulants like sodium aluminate, ferrous sulphate etc.
Boiler Corrosion and Caustic Embrittlement
Boiler Corrosion
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CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
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FeCl2 + H2
2Fe + 4NaOH
2
2
2
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