AD-752 468

PROGRAM SCORES
IN WAVES
Alfred 1.
Oceanics,

SHIP STRUCTURAL RESPONSE

Raff
Incorporated

51

Prepared for:
Ship Structure Committee
Naval Ship Engineering Ceftter
July 1972

DISTRIBUTED BY:

National Technical Information Service

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield Va. 22151

lill

III

--

PROGRAM SCORES-SIHIP STRUCTURAL

forpv.

mish m -iot
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thse
,

NATIONAL Tt:C:-NICAL
U~ORtAT!O-N

SERVICE

. ..

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STRUCTURI

SHIP

COMMITTKE

A4 INTERAGENCY ADVISORY
COMMIYTEE DEDICATED TO 44PROVING
THE STRUCTURE OF SHIPS
MAEABER AGENCIES:

ADDRESS CORRESPONDENCE TO:

LINI TED STATES COAST GUAMI

NAVAl S)HP SYSTEMS COLWUA
MILITARY SEALWIT CONSAI4O
MARITIME ADMINISTRATION
N
AMERICAN WU-MAU OF SHIPM?

SECXTARY
COMMITTEE
SHMP STFRUCTLU
U.S. COAST GUARD HEADOUARIERS
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20591

SR-174

1972

A major portion of t-z effort of the Ship Structure Committee

progrm has been devotoa to improving capability of predicting
the loads which a ship's hull experiences.
This report contains itails of a computer program, SCORES,
Which predicts these loads. Details of the development and

verification of the program are contained in SSC-229, Evaluation

and Verification of Computer Calculations of Wave-Induced Ship
Stzuctural Loads . Additional information on this program may
be ofaid in SSC-231, Further Studies of Computer Simulation of
Slamming and Other Wave-Induced Vibratory Structural Loadings.
Coments on this report would be welcomed.
Sincerely,

- ."-

iiiiiiii...............
....
...
".

II

Rear Admiral, U. S. Coast Guard

Chairman, Ship Structure Committee

41

UNCLASSIFIED
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Oceanics, Inc.
Plainview, New York
Program SCORES

Ship Structural Response in Waves

--

0rCSCRIPIIv E NOTE, (Type olf rport aid enclr,,Ste dat-l

A* -. 4OQ ,IS (Flt..

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A. I. Raff

REPOfl'

DATE

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No

or REFS

53

July 1972
68CONTRACT OP GnAl.! NO

IdOQIGNA!OAR% REPORT
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DAS

P.O#E 1__0
NOE

N00024-7-957

0EP

REPOR

.,OIS) (Any other n~mbetA

rhoe

nr"y be

asigned

this *epo.l)

SSC-230
t

PUTION STAEMENT!

CI'S

Unlimited

Naval Ship Systems Command

Information necessary for the use of the SCORES digital computer program is given. This program calculates both the vertical and
lateral plane motions and applied loads of a ship in waves.
Strip
theory is used and each ship hull cross-section is assumed to be of
Lewis form for the purpose of calculating hydrodynamic forces. The
regular and irregular wave results can be obtained, including short
crested seas (directional wave spectrum).
All three primary ship
hull loadings are computed, i.e. vertical bending, lateral bending
and torsional moments.
All the basic equations used in the analysis are given, as
well as a description of the overall program structure.
The input
data requirements and format are specified.
Sample input and output
are shown.
The Appendices include a description of the FORTRAN
program
organization,
together with flowcha;-ts and a complete crossreferenced listing of the source language,

"DDItR'

UNCLASSIFIED

(PAGE

Security C,,liificatio

S/N 0101.807.6801

.I

""
ii-

, -

---------*---..-.-*-...--,

r
-A

SSC-230

Final Report

Project SR-174,
(

"Ship Computer Response"

to the

Ship Structure Committee

PROGRAM SCORES - SHIP STRUCTURAL

RESPONSE IN WAVES

by
Alfred I. Raff
Oceanics, Inc.
under
Department of the Navy
Naval Ship Engineering Center
Contract No. N00024-70-C-5076
This document has been approved for public release and

sale; its distribution isunlimited.

U. S. Coast Guard Headquartm's

1972 D. C.
Washington,

ABSTkACT
Information necessary for the use of the SCORES digital computer program is given. This program calculates both the vertical and
lateral plane motions and applied loads of a ship in waves.
Strip
theory is used and each ship hull cross-section is assumed to be of
Lewis form for the purpose of calculating hydrodynamic forces. The
ship can be at any heading, relative to the wave direction.
Both
regular and irregular wave results can be obtained, including short
crested seas (directional wave spectrum).
All three primary ship
hull loadings are ccmputed, i.e. vertical bending, lateral bending
and torsional moments.
All the basic equations used in the analysis are given, as
well as a description of the overall program structure.
The input
data requirements and format are specified.
Sample input and output are shown.
The Appendices include a description of the FORTRAN
program organization, together with flowcharts and a complete crossreferenced listing of the source language.

ii

-.

-..-

'

7I
pJ

CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .

METHOD OF ANALYSIS ............

......................
VERTICAL PLANE EQUATIONS ....... ...................
LATERAL PLANE EQUATIONS ........
...................
WAVE SPECTRA EQUATIONS ..........................
NON-DIMENSIONAL FORMS ...... ... ....................

1
3
8
.. 16
19

..
PROGRAM ORGANIZATION ....... ......................
GENERAL
................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
RESTRICTIONS
. . . . . . . . . ......................
RUNNING TIME ............
.........................
DATA INPUT ...........
...........................
............................
UNITS ...........
DATA CARD PREPARATION .........
....................
SAMPLE INPUT ..........
.........................
PROGRAM OUTPUT ............

DESCRIPTION .......................................
SAMPLE OUTPUT ............
........................
........................

37
...............

38

APPENDIX B - FLOWCHARTS ......

...................

... 40

APPENDIX C

...................

.. 52

LISTING ........

ii

1
I4

-V

--

29
29
32
37

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .....................................
APPENDIX A - PROGRAM DESCRIPTION ......

20
20
21
22

.. 22
.. 22
23
30

.........................

ERROR MESSAGES ..............

--

r
l

SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE

The SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE is constituted to prosecute a research
program to improve the hull structures of ships by an extension of knowledge
pertaining to design, materials and methods of fabrication.
RADM W. F. Rea, III, USCG, Chairman
Chief, Office of Merchant Marine Safety
U. S. Coast Guard Headquarters

Mr. E. S. Dillon
Chief
Office of Ship Construction
Maritime Administration

Capt. J. E. Rasmussen, USN

Head, Ship Systems Engineering
and Design Department
Naval Ship Engineering Center
Naval Ship Systems Command

=It

Capt. L. L. Jackson, USN

Maintenance and Repair Officer
Military Sealift Command

Mr. K. Morland, Vice President

American Bureau of Shipping

SHIP STRUCTURE SUBCOMMITTEE

The SHIIP STRUCTURE SUBCOMMITTEE acts for the Ship Structure Committee
on technical matters by providing technical coordination for the determination of
goals and objectives of the program, and by evaluating and interpreting the results in terms of ship structural design, construction and operation.
NAVAL SHIP ENGINEERING CENTER

OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH

Mr. P.
Mr. J.
Mr. G.
Mr. H.
Mr. I.

Mr. J. M. Crowley - Member

Dr. W. G. Rauch - Alternate

M. Pal-ermo - Chairman
B. O'Brien - Contract Administrator
Sorkin - Member
S. Sayre - Alternate
Fioriti - Alternate

NAVAL SHIP RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

CENTER

U. S. COAST GUARD

Mr. A. B. Stavovy - Alternate

LCDR C. S. Loosmore, USCG - Secretary

CAPT C. R. Thompson, USCG - Member
CDR J. W. Kime, USCG - Alternate
CDR J. L. Coburn, USCG - Alternate

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Ship Research Committee

Mr. R. W. Rumke, Liaison

Prof. R. A. Yagle, Liaison

MARITIME ADMINISTRATION
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.

F.
A.
R.
R.

SOCIETY OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS & MARINE

ENGINEERS

Dashnaw - Member
Maillar - Member
Falls - Alternate
F. Coombs - Alternate

Mr. T. M. Buermann, Liaison

BRITISH NAVY STAFF

MILITARY SEALIFT COMMAND

Dr. V. Flint, Liaison

CDR P. H. H. Ablett, RCNC, Liaison

Mr. R. R. Askren - Member

LTJG E. T. Powers,

USNR - Member

AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING

WELDING RESEARCH COUNCIL

Mr. S. G. Stiansen - Member

Mr. F. J. Crum - Member
-

iv
I

Mr. K. H. Koopman, Liaison

Mr. C. Larson, Liaison

I.

INTRODUCTION

This manual describes in detail the use of SCORES,

which is a digital computer program for the calculation of the
wave-induced motions and loads of a ship. Both the vertical and
lateral plane motions are treated, so that results for vertical
bending, lateral bending and torsional hull moments can be obtained. The principal assumptions of the method are that the
motions are linear, can be solved by "strip theory" and that
the ship sections can be approximated by-'Lewis forms" for the
puz-pose of calculating the hydrodynamic foxces, that is, the
required two-dimeitsional added mess and wave damping properties
Both regular or irregular waves can be specified, and for the
latter multi-directional (short crested) seas are allowed.
aCORES was written in th: FORTRAN IV language and
checked out and run on the Control Data 6600 Computer using the
SCf!PE operating system (version 3.1.6).
The pzogram is unclassified.
The method of analysis used in SCORES is outlined below
in Section II.
All the equations of motion and loadings are
given.
In Section III, the organization of the SCORES program
is discussed briefly. An explanation of input data card preparation is given in Section IV, and of program output in Section V.
An example problem is shown.
Error messages which can appear
during program ex.ecution are described in Section VI.
The Appendices include a description of the FORTRAN
program organization, flowcharts for each subprogram and a complete cross-referenced (to the flowcharts) listing of the source
language.
II.

METHOD OF ANALYSIS

The analysis used in SCORES was developed and investigated

to some extent in work supported by the Ship Structure Committee.*
The exposition to be given here will serve as a convenient listing
of the equations, but for the full derivation and explanation of
the analysis method, the references listed should be consulted.
*Kaplan,

Paul,

Kaplan,

P.,

Kaplan,

P.,

"Development of Mathematical Models for Describing

Ship Structural Response in Waves," Ship Structure
Committee Report SSC-193, January 1969 (AD 682591)
Sargent, T.P. and Raff,A.I., "An Investigation of the
Utility of Computer Simulation to Predict Ship
Structural Response in Waves," Ship Structure
Committee Report SSC-197, June 1969 (AD 690229)
and Raff, A.I., "Evaluation and Verification of Computer
Calculations of Wave-Induced Ship Structural Response."
Ship Structure Committee Report SSC-229, July 1972.

The relationship between the water wave system and the

ship coordinate axes system is shown in Figure 1.
The wave propagation, at speed c, is considered fixed in space.
The sh'.ip then
travels, at speed V, at some angle, 8 with respect to the wave
direction.
The wave velocity potential, for simple deep-water
waves, is then defined by:
w=
w(i -ace
where

cos k (x'

= wave amplitude

= wave speed

= wave number =

+ ct)

S=

wave length

z'

= vertical coordinate, from undisturbed water surface

positive downwards
x' = axis fixed in space
t

= time

The x-y axes, with origin at G, the center of gravity of the ship,
translate with the ship. The x' coordinate of a point in the x-y
plane can be defined by:
x' = -(x+Vt)

cos 8 +y sin 8

(2)

Then, the surface wave elevation n (positive upwards) can be expressed as follows:__
g1
since

c2 =

where

=a
:w

sin k (x'

+ ct)

(3)

= acceleration of gravity

In x-y coordinates we have:

a sin k [-v cos 8 + y sin 8+(c-V cos 8)t]

2n5 =(

at

-V --L-)

axI

T1

(4)

(x, t)

akc cos k [-x cos 8+y sin 8 + (c-V cos 8)tJ

~~

t5)

3
direction of ship travel
at speed, V

I=

k4
'

I
B

II

wave direction of
propagation at speed,

axis fixed in
space

Fig. 1. Wave and Ship Axes Cohivention

and..D
= D;NU =-akg sin k [-x cos S+y sin 8+(o-V cos O)t]

(6)

The results of the equations of motion, etc., will be

referenced to the wave elevation n at the origin of the x-y axes,
that is:
n = a sin k'(c-Vcos 8)

or

(7)

n = a sin wet
e

where
e an
and we
A.

e (c-V cos 8)

(8)

is known as the circ.ular frequency of encounter.

Vertical Plane Equations

downwards), Theandcoupled
of motion
(positive
pitch, equations
0 (positive
bow-up), forareheave,
given z as:

mz=

i
xs

dx + Z

(9)

Xb
y

dZ x dx +

(10)
(w

S~s
where
m = mass of ship

I = mass moment of inertia of ship about y axis

y
dZ- local sectional vertical hydromechanic force on
ship
Xs,

Xb= respectively
coordinates of stern and bow ends of ship,
Zw, Mw = wave excitation force and moment on ship

The general hydromechanic force is taken to be:

dZ
'

Dt [A33 (z-x6+V)

(11)

where
=density ofSpwater
local sectional vertical added mass
Nz' =local sectional vertical da ning force
coefficient
local waterline beam

B*
and
14'

=pg

2R~~

with
ratio of generated wave to neave amplitude for
vertical motion-induced wave
Expanding the derivative, we obtain:

(12)

dZ

(zxo2V)

S-

..

~(-1

z1I-

(;-x6VO)

ogB* (z-xO)

(13)

The equations of motion, (9) and (10)

the familiar form as follows:
a'z + bi + c'z

are then transformed into

- e6 - g'e = z

-d8

Ae + B8 + cO - Dz - E - G'z

= Mw

(2

(15)

The coefficients on the left hand sides are defined by:

a'

=m+ fA

dx

f f

b= N' dx -V

c=

Jg

d=D=

I
,z

e =

g'= pg

d (AV

B*dx

xdx

A'

N'xdx -2V

AIdx-V
i3'3

xd (A 3)

B*xdx -Vb
(16)

33

A =Iy+ A

x 2 dx

;3
All

6
Nzx 2 dx -2V

'

Af xdx -V

x2d (A33 )

B*x 2 dx-VE

C Pg

[xd

E fNzxdx-V

G'= pg

(A3 )

B*xdx

where all the indicated integrations are over the length of the
ship.
The wave excitation, the right hand sides of Eqs.
and (15), is given by:

(14)

xb dZ
Zf=

JZx

dx

(17)

zw dx

(18)

xs
4
Ix
b dZ

1J

The local sectional vertical wave force acting on the

ship section is represented as:

dX

pgB*n +

E
-ix

N;

;+-kA 3

(19)

7
where h = mean section draft. Substituting the expressions for n,
Sand j from Eq. (4), (5) and (6), with y=O and applying the
approximate factor for short wave lengths we obtain:
dZw
a -kh
xe-(--=B-*ae

kc

(NzT-V
h

kg)sin(-kx cos 8) +

ot
cos(-kx cos

Cos

(agBe-Ad

e3

cos(-kx cos

B)-kc

Nz'-V - A-x-

sin 8+

sin

33

sin(-kx cos

sin

wet

si
si

B_* sin B

The value of

kg)

is approximated by:

S=HCs

(21)

where H local section draft ~=~o

e(22)
Cs= local section area coefficient
The steady state solutiow of the equations of motion are
ITobtained
by conventional
methods
for second
order The
ordinary
differential
equations, using
complex
notation.
solutions are
expressed as:..
z =zo sin (wet+5)

(22)

e = 0osin (wet+C)
where the zero subscripted quantities are the amplitudes and 6
c are the phase angle differences, i.e. leads with respect to the
wave elevation in Eq. (7).
The local vertical loading is given by:
df z
-- -dm

(z-xe) +

dZ
-

dZw

(23)

,[

8
where

6m = local mass,

per unit length.

Eq. (23) is simply the summation of inertial, hydrodynamic, hydroThe latter terms are given in
static and wave excitation forces.
Eas. (13)and (20).
The vertical bending moment at location x is
then given by:
0

S~dfz
x

and is expressed in a form similar to the motions,

i.e.

BMz = BMzo sin (Wet+G)

B.

(25)

Lateral Plane Equa,.ons

The coupled equations of motion for sway, y (positive to

starboard), yaw, k (positive bow-starboard), and roll, (positive
starboard-down), are given as:
[x= dY
x[ dx+Yw

(26)

IS

-I

x dx+N

(27)

SI

x#=

- d x - mg G-

+K w

(2 8 )

~Xs

where

Sxz

= mass moment of inertia of ship about z axis

- mass moment of inertia of ship about x axis

Ix

mass product of inirtia of ship in x-z plane

L4W -

-'g

wan~

dY
dY

local sectional lateral hydrodynamic force on ship

dK
dK

local sectional hydrodynamic rolling moment on ship

Y'

Nw, Kw = wave excitation fcrce and moments on ship

T = initial metacentric height of ship (hydrostatic).

The hydrodynamic force and moment are taken to be:

=dY DD

(+x.V)_Fri

-N.

(y+x-V,)+

N
(29)

+ 6G'

d=

-0

(Ms$)
M

FrI-M.s (y+x,-Vi)

-Nr$+ Nso (y+xi-Vp)

(30)

--

where

DOG-
(M,$)

distance of ship C.G.

sectional lateral a(

Ns

N$

dY

from waterline, positive up

-d mass

sectional lateral damping force coefficient

Ms
NOmotion
sectional added mass moment of inertia due to lateral

Ns

sectional damping moment coefficient due to lateral

motion
sectional added mass moment of inertia

r=
Nr

sectional damping moment coefficient

Frs = sectional lateral added mass due to roll motion

Nrs = sectional lateral damping force coefficient due to
roll motion
and the sectional added mass moments and damping moment coefficients
are taken with respect to an axis at the waterline.

a0
damping
to account
of viscous
the
fractionfor
as a moment
particular
taken
keeladditional
effects isroll
and bilge The
critical roll damping, as follows:
Nr*

where

Cc/L-N (W )

(31)

Nr* = sectional damping moment coef,.icient due to viscous

and bilge keel effects

fraction of critical roll damping (empirical data)

Cc

critical roll damping

= ship length (L=Xb-Xs)

WO

= natural roll (resonant) frequency

Nr(,)

value of Nr at frequency w.

The critical roll damping is expressed in terms of the natural

roll frequency by:
Cc

=2 mg G-Mw-w
(32)

2"
mgGM
mg=

with

x(I+ fIr (,)dx)

where the integral is over the ship length.
The calculation of
the natural roll frequency, w , as indicated above is carried
out by means of successive approximation.
Expanding the derivatives, we obtain

-Md(y+xi-2V)

+xP-VP
(33)

(F+0-

dK

Nrs+W

S +OGMs*+
(M
F
Fs+M)];
['X
rrs+6GM)
+ 5-

~dFrs

(-x

NsV

+ -G

V (X+
[VIr

3YTX

G"+

)
)

-N

(34)

-N*
r

_GM

+(
s+ U

+5GO[ NS-V

so

equations of motion, (26)0,

into this familiar form:

22i+'24

a 25 +

d%

+5GP

IThe

a21 y

+Y'-2V,)

(27) and (28) are then transformed

26

27 *+a
28$ =

a3 y+a32y+a 34i+a 35 *+a 36 *+a 3701a 1 8 +a39

(35

"

The coefficients on the left-hand sides are defined byr:

aJ

Msdx

11

Da

[N~dx-V fd(M

12

a14

=fM

16

=-Va 1 2

sxdx

a,,a
5

,a

='

fNsxdx -2V fMsdx .-V fxd(M9 )

P~rdx - Ufm dx

fNzsdx + U6_V ld(Ms)-cWGJNsdx + V

a18
a2

J~xdx
M

24

,a

24

d(F s

JNxdx
N
-V Jxd(M)
a
25

+JSXd

,(36)

Nsx dx-2VM

df~d-

d(
(-.

if

37)

a2 6

=-Va

22

a27

-I~ z

aJNrsxdx+rGV Jxd(MS)
a2 8

JF rs xdx -OG fM sxdx

N sxdx+V Jxd(F
rs~
f

I
12
a
a

1 msdx -U- fM dx
1 -fsd

a 3 1 =-Isx

X+

a 35 = -JNsxdx -

d(M

-f'Msoxdx -

a 3 6 =-Va32

Mxdx
,G

mg

'a

Jsxdx +V xd(M
s

)+V 5-G xd(Ms

)-2Va

'

(38)

a37
firdx
r.+ +OG
sodX +U
a 3 8 = J(Nr+N)dx+
sdX
a

fV5_d(M)

fFrsdX +6

d(Ms)+5

fMsdx

IrX+2

+ TG_ JN5 dx +OG- JNdx

d (I r+5-G

2
+0G-

+O-G2

Jd(F

sx
Nsdx
d(M)

a 39 =mg Um
where all the indicated integrations are over the ship length.
The wave excitation, the right-hand sides of Eqs.
given by:

(35)

is

SdY

JI
Yw = x

d- w dx
dx

Yw

(39)

xs

Nw

Kdx

dx

Xbdx

x dx

(40)

dx

(41)

X%

s/

13

The local sectional lateral force and rotational moment

due to the waves acting on the ship are represented as:

dxY

rY
(PS+Ms)

Dvw
Dt

dM
Dvw
+V =
+NsVw+k (MsD--

dM
VVw S

sin 8

sin

____

____

____(42)

sin ,

dK~_v)+
_D(M

Dt

a-

B*3

sin a)

Dv~sin
Dt

sTw-

so-

7TB* sine

__dYw
- MG d--x

(43)

-O

vw = lateral orbital wave velocity

where

S = local section area

- = local sectional center of buoyancy, from
waterline
The lateral wave orbital velocity is obtained as follows:
w

vw =

akc e

sin 8 sink

x cos, + y sin 8+ (c-V cos 8)

(44)

and then we have:

DV

akg e-kh sin 0cosk

L-x

c. 8+ y sinB+

(c-V cos,)
cstt( (45)

14
After substituting these expressions and expa'-ling terms, we obtain
dY w
dYW

with

TI = T:3

cos wet + T2 sin wet

T2

T3
T

(46)
sin T 6]

4 co s T6 + c T5

-gT 4 sin T 6 + c T5 cos T

sin /7r* sin

sin8

-ake-kh

T=

rB__*
sin a

pS+M -kMs

T5 = Ns-V a

+ k V

T 6 = -kx cos B

and

dKw
a-= T7 cos wet + T8 sin wet
wi

T7 =T 3

T3

T9

P!

10

T9 cos T6 + c T

(47)

sin T6]

g T9 sin T6 + c T

cos T

_so-5OG T4

dM
+V N
dx
so

O-G T

The steady-state solution of the equations of motion are expressed

as:

YO sin (wet +

sin (wet+
0

(48)

K)

(49)

15
sin (wt + V)

(50)

where the zero-subscripted quantities are the amplitudes and K,

and v are phase angle leads with respect to the wave elevation.

The local lateral and rotational loadings are given by:

dY

dfdY

d =
xdmx

S-

(51)

Sm (y+x-rf) + a- +
XB*UK)

6m. y2' + 6m4(-+xi) + pg

OG) -g 5m4

+ dK
a -+dKwhere

(52)

local center of gr-avity (relative to ship C.G.)

positive down
local mass gyradius in roll

and the hydrodynamic and wave excitation terms are given in Eqs.
(33), (34), (46), and (47).
x

The lateral bending and torsional moments

are then:

at location

01

BMy(xO)

or
xs

y
TMx)

(x-xo)

dxY
df

dx

(53)

jj

roxbI

or

ob dx
-:

dx

(54)

and again they are expressed in this form:

BMy = BMy 0 sin W et + T)

TM

= TMxo sin

(e t +

v)

(55)

16
The requirement on the local vertical mass center is:
6m.Cdx =0

(56)

Ixs
Similarly, the requirement on the local roll gyradius is:

6my 2 dx

(57)

Ix

The product of ine:'*:a in the x-z plane is defined by:

xz

Xb
6mx~dx

(58)

C. Wave Spectra Equations

The wave spectrum for calculations in irregular seas is
considered to be a separable function of wave frequency and
direction as follows:
S (

= S,.)
SI(w)

for

O<W<W
(59)

and-

where

,)

u <i_

directional spectrum of the seaway (short

crested sea spectrum)
circular wave frequency

P = wave direction relative to predominent direction

SS
1 ()
$2(

= frequency spectrum (long crested sea spectrum)

= spreading function

The SCORES program includes various spectra that can be

chosen as desired. However, in all cases, the following
relationship between the spectrum, or spectral density, and the
wave elevations, or amplitudes, is used:

I1

17

2
where

a 2 = mean squared wave amplitude.

Since we impose:

SS2(p) dui = 1.0

(61)

we then have:

al=

S(1

)dw

(62)

Additional statistical properties are formulated from the mean

squared amplitude:

jt

(63)

a2a

a avg = 1.25 arms64)

where

al/

al/

10

2.0 arms

= 2.55 a rms(66)

arms = root-mean-squared wave amplitude

aavg = average (statistical)wave amplitude

I-

(65)

18
a
1/3

=s ignificant (average of 1/3 highest)

wave amplitude

a1/ic= average of 1/10 highest

wave amplitude.

Neumann Spectrum (1953)

This frequency spectrum (as used) is given by:
SI(

0.000827 g 2

where U

wind speed

-6e2g2-2U-2

(67)

The constant is one half that originally specified by

Thus, originally
Neumann so that this spectrum satisfies Eq. (62).
in Eq. (65),
the Neumann spectrum required only a factor of 1
instead of 2.0.
Pierson-Moskowitz

(1964)

This is given by:

= 0.0081 g2-e-74ge--.-7 g 4

S1 M

and was derived on the basis of fully arisen seas.

Two Parameter (1967)
M A-B& 5 e-

where

0.25 H1 /3

(0.817 2i

(69)

T
H1 /

3 =

significant wave height (=2.0a 1 / 3 )

T= mean wave period

This spectrum is usually used in conjunction with "onserved"
wave height and period, which are then taken to be the significant
height and mean period. This spectrum is similar to that adopted
by the I.S.S.C. (1967) as "nominal", except that it is expressed
in circular wave frequency instead of frequency in cycles per
second.
S1I

77-

19
Uni-Directional Spreading (Long Crested Seas)
This is obviously:
S 2 (u)

S(M) (delta function)

(70)

Cosine-Squared Spreading
2 cos2ji

(71)

1T

Responses
All of the motions and moments calculated are considered
to be linear and the principle of wave superposition is assumed.
Thus for each response a spectrum is calculated by:
S
where Ti (w,)

IT(w, 1u)]

S (wi)

(72)

= response amplitude operator (amplitude of response

per unit wave amplitude)

We then have, similar to the wave amplitude:

Si(l

dw dp

0
22

61()

IT
I

where a.2

SEqs.

IT

mean squared response amplitude.

(63) - (66) then apply to each response.

D. Non-dimensional Forms
2
Frequency parameter:
e H

j tw

ddu

(73)

Sa

20
Non-dimensional linear motion (heave, sway):a motion amplitude

ENon-dimensional

angular motion

motion amplitude

(pitch, yaw, roll):

III.

2 a

Non-dimensional moment:

BM z(orBM or TM )
og B,*L~a

Non-dimensional shear:

Shear Force
Se og Force
B*La

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION
A.

General

In general, the SCORES computer program has been arranged

and organized to both keep a) the coding simple and fle:cible (for
S~possible obvious reasons).
future modification) and b) the running times low (for
Thus, precision of computation has not been of
major priority in program development.
This approach is considered
reasonable at the present time because precise correlation (to
less than about 5%) with independent data (model or full-scale experiments) is not envisioned, and the theoretical analysis itself
is an approximation.
Aside from the actual coding and data structure in the
program, which will not be discussed here (see Appendices A, B
and C of this report), this approach manifests itself primarily
in two aspects.
The fir't
is the precision with which the local, or
two-dimensional, sectional ae-ed mass and damping characteristics
or properties, are calculL.=d. For vertical oscillation, the method
of Grim* is used. For the two-dimensional proparties in lateral
and roll oscillations, the method of Tasai** has been programmed.
In general, these methods can be carried out to increasing degrees
of numerical accuracy.
For practical purposes of keeping running
time reasonable: these calculations have been limited. For example
in the lateral and roll computations, the infinite series of terms
representing the velocity potential is truncated to nine terms
and only 15 points along the Lewis form contour are used for least
square approximation purposes.
While the full range of section
properties and frequencies has not been explored in detail, results
on the order of 1% accuracy or better are obtained for average
sections over a wide frequency range.
Grim, 0., "Die Schwingungen von schwimmeden, zweidimensionalen
Korpern," IISA Repcrt No. 1171, September 1959.
Grim, 0., and Kirsch, M., private communication, September 1967.
**Tasai, F., "Hydrodynamic Force and Moment Produced by Swaying and
Rolling Oscillation of Cylinders on the Free Surface,"
Reports of Research Institute for Applied Mechanics,
Kyushu University Japan, Vol. IX, No. 35, 1961

21A
The second aspect of program organization is related to the
above. While the computations of the two-dimensional properties
are limited as described, they still
are relatively lengthy. That
is at a particular condition of ship speed, wave angle and wave
length, the bulk of the computation time would be 'devoted to these
calculations rather than the formation of the coefficients,
wave excitation, solution of ship motions and the resulting
calculation of applied moients.
Therefore, it was decided that
rather than calculate for each frequency at each cross-section
the above mentioned two-dimensional properties, instead thc twodimensional properties are calculated first at 25 values of
frequency over a wide range and then interpolated (or extrapolated) for each subsequent frequency. The results of the initial
calculation over the frequency range are saved in the computer
memory for the calculations at hand, and can also be saved on a
permanent disc file (or magnetic tape storage), for later usage.
In chis way, a large range of ship speeds and headings can be run,
each over the appropriate frequency range, without excessively,
high running times.
The interpolation procedure used is a
six-point continued fraction method: which gives results that are
generally well within 1%.
In other respects, the SCORES program is organized in a
fairly straightforward manner. The input consists of:
a) basic data which specify the hull form and weight
distribution and
b)

conditional data which specify the speeds and wave

parameters.

Repeated sets of conditional data can be run with the same basic
data, that is, for the same defined ship. A fair amount 'of input
data verification is incorporated into the program.
B.

Restrictions

The main restrictions in the program concern the following

items:
SMaximum

no. of ship cross-sections ..........

21

(stations 0 to 20)
Maximum no. of wave angles (in one run) ...... 25
Maximum no. of wave lengths (in one run)....51
Maximum no. of sea states (in one run) ...... 10
The core storage requirement is about 25,000 cells as
compiled
on the CDC 6600.
This includes the program instructions,
data storage and system routines to handle input-output system
control and provide mathematical functions.
It would be possible
to decrease this core requirement via program overlay and
linkage techniques, should the need arise. However, it probably
would be relatively difficult to fit the program within a 12K
core restraint.

-~

22
The word length on the CDC 6600 is 60 bits.
overall computational accuracy would be expected if
reduced, as in other digital computers, to 36 bits.

No loss in
this were

A special system subroutine called DATE is used which

provides the current Aate. This is used only in the heading on
the output.
C.

Running Time

The following approximate times are for running under the

SCOPE operatin" system on the CDC 6600 computer.
Program compilation (RUN compiler) ..........
Program loading into core ...................
Calculation of TDP* Array (21 sections,
both vertical and lateral modes) ..........

10.0 secs.
1.0 secs.
25 secs.

Calculate motions, moments at one condition,

(21 sections, both vertical and lateral
modes) ....................................

0.14 secs.

Calculate spectral response, for each

spectrum, for each condition .............

0.006 secs.

Thus, for a run with two ship speeds, 7 headings (at 301 increments
from head to following seas), 21 wave frequencies (to adequately
cover the spectral energy bands) and 5 sea states, the incremental
time once the program was compiled, loaded and the TDP Array was
calculated, would be estimated as follows:
(2)
(7)
(21)
[0.14+(5) (0.006)] = 50 secs.
IV.

DATA INPUT

This section of the manual describes the details of data

card input to the SCORES program.
A.

Units

For calculations in regular waves, there are no inherent

units assigned to any of the variables in the program. Thus, the
user is free to choose any desired set as long as they are
consistent for all input parameters.
The units are established
by the input values of water density and gravity acceleration.
Some typical units are shown below.

*Two-dimensional properties

23
Water Density

lbs./cu. ft.

tons/cu.

ft.

metric ton/cu.
meter

ft./sec.

Gravity Accel.

ft./sec.

Resultant Unit

ft.-ibs.-sec.

System

meter/sec.

ft.-tons-sec.

meter-metric
I

ton-sec.

Wave direction angles are always specified in degrees,

rather than radians.
However, for spectral calculations in irregular waves, using
either the Neumann or Pierson-Moskowitz spectra, the SCORES program assumes ft.-sec. units, full scale.
The input wind speeds
used to specify spectral intensities, or sea states, are then
assumed to be in knots.
The following input data description indicates typical
consistent units for all parameters.
Other systems of units
could be used, as noted above.
B.

Data Card Pre.aration

Every data card defines several parameters which are

required by the program; each of. these parameters must be input
according to a specific format.
"I" format (integer) means that
the value is to be input without a decimal point and packed to
"F" format (floating point)
the right of the specified field.
requires that the data be input with a decimal point; the number
can appear anywhere in the field indicated.
"A" format
(alphanumeric) indicates that certain alphabetic characters or
title information must be entered in the appropriate card columns.
If the field is left blank for either "I" or "F" format,
Thus, parameters
a value of zero (0) is assigned to the parameter.
not required by the program for a particular problem need not be
specified.
The card order of the data deck must follow the order in
which they are described below.
Cards which must be present in
every run, regardless of options, are marked with an asterisk (*).
The first eight types of cards are considered the basic data set,
while subsequent cards are the conditional data set(s).
1) Title Card (*)
Columns
1-80

Format
A

Entry
Any alphanumeric title
information, used to label
job output

'

X A

- RN
x

24
The first 30 columns are used a3 a label for the TDP array file.
Thus, subsequent runs using the file must duplicate these first
30 columns which are then checked against the file label before
using the data. This avoids inadvertent use of an incorrect
TDP file.
2)

Option Control Card (*)

Columns

Format

1-2
3-4
5-6
7-8
9-10
11-12
13-14
15-16
17-18
19-20
21-22

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

Entry
Integration option control tag
Moment option control tag
Mass dist. option control tag
Wave spectra option control tag
Degrees of freedom option control tag
Directionality option control tag
TDP file option control tag
Moment closure option control tag
Output form option control tag
Torsion axis option control tag
Number of ship segments

Each option control tag is given a value

where the meaning of each is given in the t3ble
segments,
of the ofcard,
numbersegments,
of ship or
entry
even number
equalthelength
strips,
ship hull is divided lengthwise for purposes of

of 0, 1, 2 or 3
below. The last
corresponds to the
into which the
calculation.

OPTION CONTROL TAG INTERPRETATION

Letter

Tag
Descriptor
SCode options Available

Integration

0: Simple summation
1: Trapezoidal rule

Moment

0: Calc. motions only, use

summary mass properties
1: Calc. motions only, use
mass dist.
2: Calc. moments, use mass
dist.

Mass dist.

0: Input masses
1: Input weights

Wave spectra

0:
1:
2:
3:

Regular waves
Neumann spectra
Pierson-Moskowitz spectra
Two parameter spectra

(continued on next page)

25

OPTION CONTROL TAG INTERPRETATION,

Letter
Code

3)

Tag
Descriptor

Continued

options Available

Degrees of
freedom

0: Vertical plane only

1: Vertical and lateral plane
2: Lateral plane only

Directionality

0: Uni-directional waves
1: Cos-sq. wave spreading

TDP file

0: Generate TDP file, write

on file (Tape 10)
1: Read TDP file,(Tape 10), print
out TDP data
2: Read TDP file,(Tape 10), no
print-out

Moment
closure

0: Suppress closure calcs.

1: Calc. and print out
closure results

Output form

0: Dimensional
1: Non-dimensional

Torsion axis

0: Center of gravity
1: Waterline

Length Card (*)

Columns

Format

Entry

11-20
F
Ship length (ft.)
21-30
F
Water density (tons/cu.ft.)
31-40
F
Acceleration of gravity (ft./sec. 2 )
41-50
F
Ship displacement (tons)
The entries on this card are self descriptive and determine
the units to be used for all other parameters, except as noted
earlier.
4)

Hull Form Cards (*)

Columns
1-10

11-20
21-30
31-40

Format
F
F
F
F

Entry
Section
Section
Section
Section

waterline breadth (ft.)

area coefficient (-)
draft (ft.)
centroid (ft.)

1A
-I

26
One card is used ior each section to be specified, in order
along the ship length starting at the bow. For example, if the
number of segments is 10, and the integration option tag is 0,
then 10 hull form cards are required which correspond to the hull
If the
at stations 1/2, 1 1/2, 2 1/2, ... , 8 1/2, 9 1/2.
integration tag is 1, then 11 hull form cards are required at
stations 0, 1, 2, 3 ..... 9, 10.
The entries for sectional waterline breadth, area coefficient and draft are straightforward.
The fourth entry, the
section centroid, is measured downwards from the waterline . If
no entries are given and the centroids are needed for lateral
plane motions calculations, arnroxirzte controids are then
calculated based on the area coefficient and draft (using a twodimensional version of the Moorish Approximation).
5)

Lateral Plane Card

Entry

Columas

Format

1-10

Ship vertical center of gravity (ft.)

11-20

Radius of gyration in roll (ft.)

This card is used only if the degrees of freedom op+.ion

tag is 1 or 2, indicating lateral plane calculations.
The ship
vertical c.g. is measured from the waterline, positive upwards.
6)

Summary Mass Properties Card

Columns

Format

1-10

11-2U

Entry
Radius of gyration, longitudinal
(ft.)
Longitudinal center of gravity
(ft.)

This card is used only if the moment option tag is 0.

The longitudinal center of gravity is measured from amidships,
positive forwards.
7) Sectional Mass Properties Cards
Column
1-10

Format
F

11-20
21-30

F
F

Entry
Segment weight, or mass (tons,
or tons-sec 2 /ft.)
Segment vert. c.g. (ft.)
Segment roll gyradius (ft.)

These cards are used only if the moment option tag is

1 or 2, in lieu of the summary mass properties card above.
One
card is used for each section to be specified, in a similar
manner as the hull form cards described earlier.
mass,

The first entry on each card is the segment weight, or

depending on whether the mass dist. option tag is 1, or 0,

27

S~are

respectively.
The second entry, the segment vertical center of
gravity, necessary only for lateral bending moment calculations,
is measured, positive downwards, with respect to the ship's overall vertical center, as specified on the lateral plane data card
above.
Since it is required that the vertical mass moment
integral satisfy the specified overall v.c.g., the input segment
v.c.g.'s are shifted by an equal amount, up or down as necessary
to exactly balance the vertical moment for the hull. This
minimizes the effort required to obtain precise balance in input
data preparation. The third card entry, the segment roll gyradius,
is needed
for torsional
moment
If no entries
given only
the overall
ship value
is calculations.
used at each segment.
8)

Moment Station Card

Column

Format

egn
Entry

1-10
I
First station for moment calculations
11-20
I
Last station for moment calculations
21-30
1
Increment between stations
The parameters on this card determine where along the ship
hull the moment calculations are to be performed.
Station numbers
are defined as zero at the forward end of the first segment,
increasing to N, the number of segments, at the after end of the
last segment.
If the calculations are required only at one station,
then the first two entries on the card snould be equal to that
station number.
The moment results at only one station are stored for
subsequent irregular seas spectral calculations.
In the calculations
over a range of stations at which moments are calculated (and
printed), then only the results at midships are stored for the
subsequent spectral calculations.
9)

Run Control Card (*)

Columns

Format

1-10

Entry

Run control tag and wave

amplitude (ft.)
11-20
F
Initial wave length, or
frequency (ft. or rad./sec.)
21-30
F
Final wave length, or frequency
(ft. or rad./sec.)
31-40
F
Increment in wave length, or
frequency (ft. or rad./sec.)
43-50
F
Initial ship speed (ft./sec.)
51-60
F
Final ship speed (ft./sec.)
61-70
F
Increment in ship speed (ft./sec.)
The first entry, the run control tag, determines program
continuity:

28
Run Control Tag
Greater than 0.0

Action
Continue calculations,
wave amplitude

0.0 (or blank)

Stop calculations; read new basic

data set
Stop program execution

Less than 0.0

using this as

Thus, if the run control tag is not greater than 0.0, then
the remaining parameters on the card are irrelevant. A blank
card, for example, is used to stop calculations and proceed to
read a complete new set of data starting with the title card ,
P) above. This parameter is also used as the wave amplitude, and
is usually set to 1.0.
The next three entries determine the wave lengths to be
used in the calculations.
If the wave spectra option control tag
is 0, indicating regular waves, then these entries are the initial,
final and increment in wave length.
If the wave spectra option
control tag is greater than 0, indicating irregular wave calculations,
then these entries are the initial, final and increment in wave
frequency. The increments should always be positive, so that wave
length, or frequency, increases from initial to final value.
The last three entries are similar parameters for ship speed.
If calculations are required at only one value, then the initial
and final values should both be set equal to it.

"10) Roll Damping Card

Column

Format

1-10

Entry
Fraction of critical roll damping
(empirical data)

This card is used only if the degrees of freedom option

control tag is 1 or 2 indicating lateral plane motions calculations
are included.
The calculated wave damping in roll, at the natural
roll frequency, is increased so that the total damping is the
The additional roll
specified fraction of critical damping.
damping thus determined initially is then used fon all subsequent
calculations.
11)

Wave Angle Card (*)

Column

Format

Enty

1-10
F
Initial wave angle, degrees
11-20
F
Final wave angle, degrees
21-30
F
Increment in wave angle, degrees
These entries specify the wave direction angles to be used
in the calculations and are always given in degrees. For
calculations with uni-directional waves, the meaning of the
parameters is as indicated.
If the directionality option control

29
tag is greater than 0, indicating calculations for a directional
wave spectrum, then only two choices exist. If the initial wave
angle is 180.0 the calculations proceed for head seas only,
including the wave directionality. If the initial wave angle is
not 180.0 the calculations proceed for all angles from following
seas to head seas, in sdteps according to the wave angle increment
specified.
In both cases the integrations with respect to wave angle
use the same increment, as specified.
Wave Spectra Card(s)

12)

Columns

Format

Entry

No. of sea states (wave spectra)

I
1-10
First spectra parameter
F
11-15
Second spectra parameter
F
16-20
Third spectra parameter
F
21-25
(5 col.
F
fields)
Tenth spectra parameter
F
56-60
This card is used only for calculations in irregular seas
The first
(wave spectra option control tag is greater than 0).
entry specifies the number of sea states (spectra) to be used
For both the Neumann and Pierson-Moskowitz spectra
(maximum 10).
(wave spectra option control tag equals 1 or 2), the parameters
to be specified are the wind speed, in knots, for each sea
state. For the two parameter spectrum (option tag equals 3),
tie parameters on this card are the significant wave heights
for each sea state. A second card is then used which contains
the mean periods for each corresponding sea state, as the
spectral parameter entries specified above.
C. Sample Input Deck

page.
V.

A sample input card deck listing is given on the next

The units are meters, metric tons and seconds.

PROGRAM OUTPUT
A.

Description

The printed output from the SCORES program depends on the

option control tags set as input. Each output section will be
described, though in any given run not all sections will be
printed. Each section starts a new page and is labeled with the
title information and date.

The first part of the output is a listing of the basic

This defines the hull form and weight
input data as processed.
Then the conditional data cards are printed out.
distribution.
For irregular seas cases, the wave spectra will then be printed,
If the TDP
together with internally generated wave statistics.
array is calculated diagnostic messages concerping these
calculations may then appear.

V3

II
s4

30
The next output will be the listing of the two-dimensional
properties (TDP array) for each station and each frequency.
If
the data is being read from file, this output can be suppressed.
For lateral plane calculations, the natural roll frequcncy and
roll damping information will then be printed.
Then, the vertical and/or lateral plane responses will be
printed out with all frequencies, or wave lengths, for a given
ship speed and wave angle, on the same page. For irregular seas
calculations, this will be followed by a print-out of the
These pages
response spectra and statistics (long crested seas).
will be repeated for each wave angle at the initial ship speed.
Then directional seas calculations results will be output, if
specified. The output is, of course, then repeated for
additionally specified ship speeds.
B.

Sample Output

A sample output listing, in abbreviated form, is given

following the sample input listing.
Sample Input Card Deck Listing

StRIFe 6', MULL FOQu;

1 2 1 3 I

tLUCK

0.4"

00.04
14 ,JQ
2 l.8,9

1I I
lI u
14J.0 1
.0
r0 4
,
il.OJ
31.4
4A
"0
4

27.54

.9
O
QY1

41.43

21.67

.9V4

11.031

21f.7
Pt .57
27.67y
27.6?
21.5.?
21.24
P5 .94
?3;46

11.(13
11;01
!1.03
11.03
1 1.03
11.03
11 .03

.6b3
S9.8?
13

.9V4
QY4.
.993
9
. :9
. 4
.9l
.051
.7b9
hel
.419

-1.09A5

0.9V026

"481.3.2

9.0665

RPT.

.0.

inO

b)

OCEA41CS

'HRnIFCT

%-U. 10d3

44176-4.

11.01

21.b?
27:57

4.41

(TNO

1 0
11."3
l.V

.53

I.24

24066
3
3 0.
40Y90*1
4331.4
4331.4.
168,.4
1443.8
1684.4383

219b .
-3290: 7
3633.&
346b,1
3166.3

1.0

0.3151

10.0

17 .0

I- Ai

0.n41

I.J3079

6.5251

6.bo2b

1.0

0.0,

'o. -2

-.

..

10.0

,7

31
Sample Input Listing
SEHIES 60 HULL FORM.

.).HO bLCK

OPTIONCONTHOL TAGS-

A f- C
P. I1
F- ?-

gINO RPI.

OCEANICS PROJECT NO.

NO. 100 SI

I)

0--I 1

1093

SEP

P4e

1970

NO. OF STATIONS * 20

I1

BASIC INPUT DATA

LENGTH
015....

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CALCULATE
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37
VI.

ERROR MESSAGES

Various error messages may appear in the output and cause

program termination. Each will be labeled with the subroutine
which found the error, and possibly a brief note as to the type
of error. Some messages give error numbers as explained below:
Subroutine

Error No.

PRELIMB/C

PRELIMB

PRELIMB

PRELIMB

PRELIMC

PRELIMC
PRELIMC

5
6

Explanation
Too many sections, wave
lengths, wave angles, etc.
Sum of weight distribution#
displacement
Hull volume inconsistent
with displacement
Longitudinal center of
buoyancy # long. center of
gravity
Error in range or increment
of variable conditions
TDP calculation incomplete
TDP file lable # title data,
col. 1-30

Errors in the calculation of the two-dimensional properties

However, if an error is found in the
will be self explanatory.
energy balance check on the results of the two-dimensional lateral
motion calculation the message is printed, but computations proceed.
It has usually been found that such errors in the energy balance
influence on the calculated two-dimensional
check have little
properties.

VII.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The SCORES program derives from earlier basic ship motion

programs originally developed in the Department of Naval Architecture at M.I.T. in 1963-64, and subsequently updated at
NSRDC.
Thus, while the program concept is not wholly original,
the increased level of both complexity and flexibility in
Program SCORES results in a new generation program with little
However, the earlier work is
resemblence to its predecessors.
acknowledged as the root source for the present development.
The initial phase of programming for Subroutine TDIR, the
calculation of the lateral and rolling oscillation two-dimensional
hydrodynamic forces based on the method of Tasai. was carripd
out by Dr. Y. K. Chung.

38
APPENDIX A "' PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

The SCORES program, written in FORTRAN IV (RUN Fortran

Version 2 under SCOPE Version 3 for CDC 6600 computer), is
structured in a fairly conventional manner.
The main program
serves as a control for the job processing, calling various
subroutines as required. The major program loops over ship speed,
wave angle and wave frequency are established in the main program.
Data are transferred among subroutines via labeled common blocks,
each subroutine accessing those blocks specifically required. A
special common block labeled PROGRAM is used and shared by many
subroutines for storage of intermediate calculation data.
Subroutine PRELIMB reads, processes and stores the basic
input data. Preliminary calculations are performed and the data
are checked to some extent for self-consistency.
Subroutine PRELIMC
reads, stores and processes thL conditional input data.
Preliminary
calculations are performed including spectral density calculations
and print out (via Subroutine PAR) if required.
Then the twodimensional properties are obtained, either read from file or
calculated via Subroutines CKLEW, ZIPSMO and TDLR.
Subroutine CKLEW simply calculates the two Lewis form
parameters for each section and checks them against criteria to
insure positive contours.
If necessary, the section area coefficient is increased to satisfy the criterion.
Subroutine ZIPSMO
calculates the two-dimensional properties for vertical oscillation,
while Subroutine TDLR does the same for the lateral and rolling
modes.
The latter routine follows both the method and the notation
of Tasai.
Subroutine MATPAC is used by ZIPSMO for solution of
simultaneous equations.
If lateral plane computations are required, Subroutine ROLD
is used to calculate the natural roll frequency and the additional
roll damping, to approximately account for viscous effects.
The basic ship response calculations at a given condition
are performed by calling Subroutines ALINT, COEFF, EXCITE, "'OTION
and BENDSH, sequentially. Subroutine ALINT finds and stores the
value of each required two-dimensional property by continued
fraction interpolation in frequency parameter (equal to circular
frequency of encounter squared times draft divided by acceleration
of gravity).
Subroutines COEFF and EXCITE calculate the coefficients and excitation, respectively, in the equations of motion:
which are then solved in Subroutine MOTION.
Subroutine BENDSH
then calculates the local loadings and integrated moments.
Closure
results are calculated, if required. Throughout all the calculations, subprogram function SINT is used as a simple integrator.
The ship responses "t each speed and wave angle are printed
out by Subroutine TNIRPA, including closure results if required.
If irregular seas are used, Subroutine STATI then cc'-ulates and

?I

39
print the response spectra and statistics for long crested, or
uni-directional, seas at the particular ship speed and wave
angle. Only the integrated spectral response at each wave angle
is saved, so that the response spectra for short crested seas
For short crested seas results, Subroutine
are not available.
SPREAD is used after the full range of wave angles has been
depleted.
The integrated responses over wave angle are computed
and printed.
After completion of the specified calculations, control
reverts to Subroutine PRELIMC for additional cases with the
same basic data, that is, the same ship.
If no additional
computations are required, normal program termination occurs in
Subroutine PRELIMC upon input of a run control tag less than 0.0.
Only one special system subroutine is included in the program.
This is referenced in the main program by CALL DATE (DTA, DTB)
which provides the current date in the argument variables as
Hollerith data (DTA = MMMbDD,bI9,DTB=YY).

Program SCORES - Input Data Card Summary

Card
Number

Conditions
(see legend
below)

Parameters Entered

Format
(4 Columnsl

Title information

Option control tags; number of

segments

Length; density; gravity; displacement

1OX, 4FI0

A80
1112

S5
S6
m

OT(E)>0

Breadth; area coeff.; draft;

centroid (each station)
VCG; roll gyradius (ship)

OT(B)-O

Long. gyradius; LCG

2F10

OT(B),O

Weight; VCG; roll gyradius (each

station).

3F10

First sta.; last sta.; increment

for moment calcs.

3110

Run uontrol tag; initia2, final and

increrent in wavelength, or freqquency; initial, final and increment in speed

7F10

OT0)>0

o 10
...

11Initial,

Fraction of critical roll damping

final and increment in
wave angle

47I0
2F10

7i0
3FI0

S12
'0

OT(D)>0
OT(D)-3

No. of spectra; parameters ....

I10, 10F5
Additional corresponding parameters l0X, 10F5

Legend for conditions: * - always necessary in data deck.

OT(-}>- necessary only if Option Tag indicated
meets condition shown.

S0

40

APPENDIX B

Flowcharts

FLOWCHARTS

follow for the main

program and each subroutine. The
references given on the flowcharts,
such -s C-01 etc. (above and on the
right of the symbolic outlines)
correspond to numbered comment cards
included with the FORTRAN source.
program, and listed in the next
appendix.

oi

41

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52
APPENDIX C

LISTING

The complete FORTRAN IV source deck

listing for Program SCORES is given.
The numbered conWpent cards, such as
C-01 etc., are cross-referenced on
the flowcharts in the previous section.

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SHIP RESEARC COMMITTEE

MAritime Transportation Research Board
National Academy of Sciences-National Resear-.h Council
The Ship esearch Committee his technical cogr~izance of the inter-ugency
Ship Structure ;ommittee's research program:
PROF. R. A. YAGLE, Chairman, Prof. of Naval Architecture, Ciivarsity of HMchigan
DR. H. N. ABRAPiSON, Direotor. Dept. of MvchanicaZ Sciences, Southweot Reearcoh Inst.
M.

W. H. BUCKLEY, Coordinator of Hydrofoit Stru,,. Re'i., Naval Ship R & P Center

MR. E. L. CRISCUOLO, Sinior Non-d.otructive T'ooting Spec., Naval Ordnance Lab.

DR. W. 0. DOTY, Research Consultar:t, U. S. Steel Corporation
PROF. J. E. GOLDBERG, School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University
PROF. W. J. HALL, Prof.,of V'iil Engineering, University of Illinois
MR. J. E. HERZ, Chief StructurZ Design Engineer, Sun ShipbuiZding & Dry Dock Co.
MR. G. E. KAMPSCHAEFER, tJR., Manager, Application Engineering. ARMCO Steel Corporation

MR. R. C. STRASSF.R, Director of Research, Newport News Shipbuilding A Dry Dock Co.
CAPT R. M. WHITE, USCG, Chitf, Appliad Engineering Section, U. S. Coast Guard Acaaem
MR. R. W. RUMKE, Executivj Secretary, Ship Research Conmnittee

Advisory'Group I, "Ship Response and Load Criteria" prepared the project

prospectus and evaluated the proposals for this project.
DR. H. N. ABRAMSON, Chalrman, Director, Dept. of Mach. Sciences, Southw8at Ras. Inst.
MR. W. H. BUCKLEY,

Coordinator of RydrofoiZ Struc. Res., Naval Ship R & D Center

PROF. A. M. FREUDENTHAL, College of Enginnering, George Washington University

MR. R. G. KLINE, Associate Research Ccnrultant, U. S. Steel Corporation
DR. M. K. OCFVI, Research Scientist, Naval Ship R d D Center
MR. R. C. STR.ASSER, Director of Research, Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co.
CAPT R. M. WHITE, USCG, Chief, Applied Engineering Section, U. S. Coast Guard Aoademy

The SR-174 Project Advisory Committee provided the liaison technical

and
reviewed
the project rcports with the investigator.
guidance,
DR. H. N. ABRAMSON,

Chairnwan, Direotor, Dept. of Mech. Sciencees, Southwest Res. Inst.

MR. M. K. OCHI, Research Scientist, Naval 5hip R A D Cinter

MR. R. C. STPASSER, Director of Research, Naeipovt Nows ShipbuiZding A Dry Dock Co.

,'ij,J:l
'Thew dct
Jumints ar

1F. P

ICA IiONS

diatri?)2ur.4d by the Natiol Tea;hnia,7

nflf.h
cn Sertn'ce, Sprinfifo"d, Va. 22152.
These dca?enie havi bee~n annou:n.: ,d 'n thz Cla.righouec JoLIfaZ
U.S. Govornment Research 4 Devetopment Reporte (USGRDA)

vnder the indioated AD nwnhb rv.

SSC-219, Crack Propagationand Arrei;t in Ship and Other Steele by G. T. Hahn,

R. G. loagland, P. N. Minwr, A. R. Roserfield, and M. Sarrate.

1971.

SSC-220, A Lia.ited Survel, of Ship Strynotural Damage by S. Hawkins, G. H.

Levine, and R. *"aggart.

.971.

SSC-221, Response of the Delta Test to Specimen Variables by L. J. McGeady.

1971.
SSC-222, Catamarans - Technological Limits to Sixe and Appraisal of Structurai Design Information and Procedures by N. M. Maniar find W. P.
Chiang, '1971.

SSC-223, Copreesiv Strangth of Ship gut" Girders - Part II - Stiffened

Platee by H. Becker, A. Colao, R. Goldman, and J. Pczerycki.
1971.
SSC-224, Feasibility Study of Glass Reinforced Plastic Cargo ,Zhip by R. J.
Scott and J. H. Sonuiella. 1971.

SSC-225, StructuraZ Anayeia of Longitudinally Framed Ships by R. NWelson,

P. Y. Chang, and L. C. Deschamps.

1972.

SSC-226, Oanker Longitudinal Strength AnaZyeie - User's Manual and Computer

Pvgram by R. Nielson, P. Y. Chang, and L. C. Deschamps.
1972.

Sn....th A-alycic

JZC-227,
e. 0

P. Y. Chang, and L. C. Deschamps.

'c Man!ial hy R Nielson,

1972.

SSC-22C, Tankca, Transverse Strength Analysis - Programmer's Mamnal by R.

Nielson, P. Y. Chang, and L. C. Deschamps. 1972.
SSC-229, Evaluation and Verification of Comnuter CalcuZations of Wave-Induced
Ship Structural Loads by P. Kaplan and A. I. Raff. 1972.

SSC-230* Pro
197.

JCORES

--

Ship Struotural Response in Waves by A. I. Raff.

SSC-231, Fuother studies of Computer SimuZatior, of CMoming and Other Wave;rndued Vibratory Structural Loadings oit Ships in Wavee by P. Kaplan
and T. P. Sargent. 1972.