Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
,-.
SPE
SPE 18276
Ekofisk Formation Pile! Waterflood
byJ.E.Sylte,
L.D.Hallenbeok,
fxwl
L.K.
Thomae,Phillips
Petroleum
Co,
WE Mombem
..cmfldl! laa Bmwot
Pckduln2n@nDm
ThiB~uapropa9dbr~ alhDmAmwll
Tschltk400nhlaw
,&daxhaabn
arthoaodmvd wrokum
En#no8mmhl
Hou@m,
Txl-t-6,19a,
nlbpumww8dn4M
br~bymn8?a
lnbmmbn~inm~~byau
ap&~~@9~A-L~-~
=pfawwaeoa-~f-d
wilbndthoanalaYdPawmen@nam*omoBmormmtNfh
=:F-9S.-&=~a%F-L;=&%Sm~d~
ahaoontbywlulnamw*
pfaa9uAwmDqalhdB,
..
~Tx
1.
kioamk~:ji~tiilm~ UW4&ila,
ba
.Tha pilot
adaotropy
rfaata
z
influanaaat
pemeablllty
and
layering
dimaneional simulation
reoulta are inaluddd wMah tie ll tha
~m
tOUOthm and form #* bash, for
extrapolating raaultato full field.
Three
11. ~011
Tho Bkofhk F$old in tho Norwogian Soator
of tlw
North Soa h
an ovmproamired
naturally Waaturad chalk rasorvoir. The
6.7 billion barrals of oil and 10.33
trillion aubia foot of gain, orLgin811y in
plaac, i- split batwcontha l!kof Ank (Danian
Aga) Formation with 2/3 and tha Toz
(MaastriahtianAgo) Formation with 2/3,
Produatlon
is from throo platforms, 2/4 A
in tlm outh, 2/4 B An tha north and 2/4 C
in the, aontor of the fiald. Raaov@ry by
primary depletion im intimatedat 244 of
ail quivalonts.Th* la c initial oil in
plac!a in aombinmtion w
T th low raeovery
faator- n.a::~~tat.d n~:;;~mtoil r@aov@zY
projoats
given
priority.
Initial laboratory imbibition qmrimmts
indiaatoda favorablawaterfloodpotsntial
in tha Tor Formation, with a poorar
roawwy
potential in
Formation, A Tor Formationpil!%wat%%~
was performed in Ekofisk Field from April
1981 to Juno 1984 to waluata in-mitu
watarflo parformanao. TM rosult~ w~ra
~ nd umd to ju~tifya full field
favorablo
watarfloadof that formation,
Ekofisk Formation,
mw8r
~f:
silUUn
pilot,
Skofi
main aaothna:
of
and io div~
into
Pilot
Oparation and
xaaawoirpilDi
tho
MO Pig
Ea
boIw
ptmt.
oantml
diap3a~
00di~etOn
mii8
00SWMOdOf otka
injaotor,
ddatraokad
?$gura
prior
3.
to
saoh
produom
was
raooxplotLon to
looation within 490 fcot of tlm pravious
~r~**nO.*$s~%l
w as i~iViWl
-11n
providing
cmmplatsd
oparati.on
mary
of tho proj cot. TM
~ looationwith tho final sidotraok
in Fabmary
1986.
Ras@rvoir
Dacoriptionfoouaos on t!m data
- opan and, aasad hola
acquisitionprogrm
Tho injaotion wall, B-16, was initially
loqo, laboratory rooulta, prammwa tranramn lctad to tho Lowar Ekofiskwithin tlm
Lntorfaranuo
taat results ~
siant analy*h,
xlst ! nq Wallbora. A twalva day water
sk.fdm,
TM
atudias nd cmra
tram:
injaotivitytsst followedby a throo month
simulation soetion pr*aonts
tho
dual
flowbactk
pariod was sonduot-d to to-t tha
porosity
modol utili%sd in tha intmprotation,
incorporationof fidd rosulta Lower EIKofidcrook stability. A total of
330,000 barrals
of watar were injoutmd at
and prssantationof uritiaal
history
matoh
of 25000 BWPD.After thh
rssults. This is followod by a qonoral an average rat.
discussion of tho pilot nd concUusiona flowback tsst, Well B-16 was idatraaksd
and drilhd
through tha Ekofimk Formation
whiuh aan b. drawn from tha pilot projmt.
of tho provtoua
1S0 feet to tho northaaat
location. TM WO1l was eomplotcd in th~
G*olouicOvorviaw
Lowor
Ekofimk in a imilar faahion as tha
Fivo
major goelogia layorm ro prcsmt
in thras produoing WO1lS,
th~ Ekofisk and thrca in tho Tor. Tlm uppm
Water injsotion was tartad
on July 23,
thrst Ekofisk layorm are roforrmd
to am tA,
19S6. An injootionrat. of 21 000 BWPD wam
EB and EC nd re altmnatinq soqusncms of
throughout tho aajor injoation
reworkad Danlan ge material nd materiel fiaintahmd
which was depocit~d in plaaa. Thorn.intor- pariod with @ eonmtant tubing prossura of
vals arc
oharaetorhd
by high iliea 2900 psig. Inj8ation into tho pilot was
7.1 mil,lion
ugwfid.d
on JUIY 31~Mu7 ftar
and
aontant,ahart lonsom, 2S-30t porosity
of watm had boon hjcetad.
A fivs
nd in total vorago barrois
moderate fraotcwing
month apansion
wam roquirad to install
400 fact thiok, lhose arq roforrod
to m
faoilitiaawhioh
full fioldwatar injootion
th.UpporBkofis~. Tho LoWr Bkofisk is ths
would r. laoc tho old injootionquipment.
fourth Ekofisk la r, roforrad to as ia r
Mt.r
in fsotion was rastmtad on January 1,
ED, and i8 primar f ly r&rkti,i~a8~~oht I ~
1908 nd thrmgh Nay, 1988 an additional
ga
mdinento,
ahuraotorlsod
by unifora
porosity dimtri- 2.9 million baxrols wsro injaotad.
.butionain xoass of 30t, water saturation.
1s4
kmatunt
tAmUat9
the Oximtinpintemmlm.
12 monthe of
a-
In Wna
1987
and testing
aoxpleteprOdUOtiOnlogging
on the
well.
The Upper Ek:~&k ::~en~llr~d
EC were
interval
perforated
remt$mulatedin February 3988, A oomplete
production
program
l~in~r~d=a~:A~mrtemt~:
was
reooxpletien.
.
SPB
Well B-22
Well B-22 was sidetracmd and uompl@tedin
th~ &OWUZ Bkofis& in p~~a~
1986 am
plaoad on 00~etiuOtt~ production in Maroh
1986 with n initial WR of 7800 BCF/Sl?B.
Two months after t?mcMrt of water injmtion, MMproduoing (iOMstartad to dacmasm
TM GOR roaohed
rapidly ~rom 8000 SCF/srB.
3000 BW/BTE
after 8 mmths of water injmawas
tion. At thetis*8e
wta~ptho GOR r9sponsc
Obeorlhd,
out
Inaraahw.ovsrm~ n~~~o;ix~n~~~g-~g~~
injutien,
and :&ilixad. -llY
to 20 m-ant
Tha Watsr aut dtabil%sad 8* 20 paroant
until tm#qmm_&4ml&f
Watar
tnjaouon
in
ion tha Watar
to ati
valu* of 5
prior to the ro8tart of Water
?$z%Lln.
Aftar the raatart of injaotion
thowatar outinoreeaedbaokto
llp8roant
!%7f$i&aaod
wtthin
ama mnth.
The tabiliaation
0S water
out
at
20
~
m8oet of the pilot injeotinn
with
aultiperiod would be oonaiotent
lqfar ystam of varying perseebility.Tha
rapid mpwu
to tho suspension and
would ggast a
rootart of waker injeotion
ralativolymall htsh pexaeabilltylayer in
~y~~
with
a larger
low permeability
18276
F@ur*
history.
Well B-24
Well B-24 was siddxadcod and completed in
W.* LoWor Ekofisk in Novombar 1985. GORla
approaching 10000 SC?/STB wore amasurcd
prior to ths responsa to water in eution.
After throm ~onths of W&tOr injmt z on, tho
GOR began
to &aelino reaohing4200SCF/STB
by August 1987. Pro&ming GOR was constant
and te8thg
the raperforation,
oil production
was
Anoroaued frm an average of %700 BOPD to
3700 BOPD. FlowLngt~bing preammo was alao
incmeasod from 690 psg~ to over 1200 psig.
tha total WOU
sixty-five lmroent
production flowed from the n@wly added
after
produoing
00R
layorso
The
rooe?plationinoreased
only slightly from
4800 SCF/STBto 5500 SCF/8TB.
After
F~rflre 6 dimplaye
hintory .
Iv.
plot of production
RBBmW02RmWRIPrxoN
+
=
J. E. STLTB, L. D. ~~
#B 10276
qris~
Of th8 CPI lags of the original
B.16 ~
~dmtra~
l~tion
~nd~eat~ ~
avarago water saturationinaroaso from 108
to 60% ovor tho Lower Blcoflm)c
as displayed
7. Tha inereasmin water saturain Flgura
tion was oonfixmedto be a result of tho
earlisr12-day injectivityta9t am TOT logm
intho origina;a;;;6wollhad notdiaplayed
Significant
saturation inoroaso
dur~ng tho Tor pilot period. In add~tion,
water saturation-ovortho Upper Bkofislc
layed exaotly in both wells lndiaating
had been obtained.
reliablo8aa8urHtm
A total of 330,000 barrels of water ioro
injsatadduring tha injootivitytest. using
a siaplo displacementoalaulationssuming
saturation nd a
SO* delta water
distribution
of the water, tho
8S WeU >16 wouM b9 jwk Withti
k
the radiup 0s injeotson. The tnoreemed
looatbl
WmBr Satlamtiai in the btraok
W8s an initiai tndioation th8t imbibition
Valw tn * pilot arw wU@ Wbetantially
hi@er than laboratory~te.
Verthal
intheo
weraqe
ehnt
reseure meae~
mre
taken
an
watu
tnthemwermmfiek.
L. X. Tl@AS
was
aahhved.
go!mral,
correlation betwaon imbibition
and oros~ty for itherthe Upperor Lowr
Ekof! Sk has been found. Although Bom
sampleshave indiaatedimbibitionin axeess
of tho Tor value, the majority of sample8
indiaatedimbibitionin the range of M to
25%. A good trend was noted, however, of
higher inhibition values in the Lower
Ekofisk
in tho southorn portion of the
field,with averagevalwm appmaahing that
of the
Tor. Additionally,Ekofisk samples
tested with large gaa aturation indicated
Imbibitionvalues approaching that of the
Tor. Tho lowest valuee of Lower Ekofisk
imbibition,howwor, wcr- masured in the
valuo8 averaging
pilot rea with
slishtly abwo 10% e displayed W ?i~
No
8.
A stopratoinjsetionto-t utilizingspinner
and tomparaturo urvoys was porformsd to
dotmmha
tho
optimum injaation rat.. six
of injoationwm?e aonduotadat
hour periods
A
10, 15, 18 and 20 barrolm pcr mhUt*.
promura broakwcr indicating
fraoturo
wlmmion was obmsrvsd at 18 barrele per
of 6180
ninute at a bottomhole premura
enuruent
Urg
h~
ndiaated
no rate variation,
injeotion rate of 15 barrels per
m! nut. was then selecsted.
Mdfimer
o timux
Laborato m Results
InterferenceTeetinq
The first major testing program performed
in the Ekofisk Formation Pilot was an
interf..
enoe %emt. Thie temt was deuigned
to determine anisotropy
bamed upon the
regional permeabilityVariation
and loaal
fracturetrends between the pilot wells.
The interference
test utilized the central
Well B-16 as tho active Wellm and Wells
B-19, B-22, and B-24 e tho observation
wells. Pressure reoponses were measured in
the observationwolla as B-16 was praduaed
for 121 hour- then shu=-in for 16fihour-. A
otatio period of 72 hours was monitorad
prior to tho activation of the aativa
well.
---.=
~ISX
?ORNAZ1OM91-
anisotropy.
This north-south
by tho faot that
permaablltty
iu 8uoh 1.ss
in th~
than in tho B-19 rea. ,
anisotropyis underaoored
well test
B-22 area
shoe
run
Mtiolly
rea.
in
+~
108
(Anglo
with t$a
dooay
logs
S3,gnifioant
obsorved
water
aross
sa~aration
ineraase
upper
sot
was
of
b otion
rofilo showed 60paroent of
injeotonwaa
1
r athe
8et of perfora-i
t$osw with 36 Paroent T the middlg and 4
in tbe bottoa act. with tti the
F j-k
~filo
has tspmved to moro
even dk$ribatiom
Compar3aon
of spinner
run In -t
1S96 and Jun. 1987
lqfed b Table 4
oonaistent
Analysis of
Xain
is
watmr
xesarvoir
rforationo
Xeax
This
s$sulationresultswhioh indieato
afiuratioti
to th* top of
round Well 8-16. Analysisof
te8parature
logs
oonfirx
water movement
into tho upper Ekofick layers.
~c~
#o
18276
out
wellboro
reservoir
coma e
BP8
rapid q!ue
Of
FbS r06Ult# indhated
iahouro betwean B-16 and B-22, slower
r66PoM0 0~ 32 hours between B-16 and D-19,
Bndno ~
bet#eeII B-16 and B-24. A
gualitathe analy6i# indioatea *trong
morth-south
UMBWMOO
The
~,~
Blco~k
At
.tlm ~lotion
tho
end
~
two
perfomanoe
mhad~
injeotion
WQ21 B-16 was production logged
fter
qlotion
and preauure toated
nd
roduotion
logged
fter nino months of
Ekofisk
! njeotion.
prmmro
All Ekofisk
P~lot woSla war.
sumoytid and production logg~d aftm nin~
aonths of injection,
with
tm
rooults
promnt.d in Tablo 3.
stimulatedand
and producw
urvay results
and prcxkmtion
diaplayod in
A ignifiaant
*W
.
m
36376
J. 8. SYMB. L. D. ~.
is f?wting
poaithmaannar.
Tamr Bkofkk
Skotlak
in
tha
L. x. ~
mgwm.~-
al-d
waakly and anal sad
Oonoantratiw ef tho appropr1ate
Uppw
traoar.
a aodoat inomaaa in water out was obmomad
water
h Well B-2~ troa pravioua *iaua
out of ~2 paroont to W paromit fter
tho
Confiraed
raotiaulation.
Analvsia
F&aotur@
onhanocd
Fraaabill:ym8
mm
fraotura~f
padednat~
in
tha
=io
@Koti8k Fo2aat$@nwMlo
*101M
fraoturu
melon.
9Wtonia
prbdoabt9 h tha w
~aro
Wh-Wrtioal planar fraoturu
Vitb dt#O Of 60 to 7@.
first
of water
was
a total of 700,000 bamels
hjaotad into th pilot, Tho initial eonsontrationof tho tramr
was very mall but
staadily inaroa~ad to owr 60 pamont by
tho tho water Injootionwas ,shucdown.
Tritium
raaponso
in Wil
B-19 wam nOt
aonfiraad until 1?0 dikys aftar injmation.
Prior to shutd~-wnof water injootion tho
tritiu Gonaontrat;.on had roaehod 21 po.aont.
Ooapertmn of
tho
W012,,
D-U. TM
tritiua $0 plottod aa ?kW Ouris
r Mter
tiwhi#,9e
1-128 im pxottad m pr 00 ourio
bahavior
a
g %i!E%Z&
&i&&
pemition. Bapedt%eunl preGau and patroto infmano,
of
both
truoera
ill
fmlmtit=p
tijti~l~
total of 3 million barrels-~
watu
wao in .otad bafora
tim tritiua
was
oboorved.
TFL1 typa of rssponso
would ba
dimplaoaaant
oonahtant with an hbibttion
aaohaniaa. Fi
11 displays a aoapariaor
af th
balmv ?-or of both traaors
in W*11
~aftiwlof8.t
thtok) m ~y
aost fraoturad. Thea*
Sonao aay ba bsundod by intarvalsof insitu,
autoohothonouaohalka of lowar f reotura intanaity. Stmmtural looation also
influanoaa fraotura
intmaity, with tho
fraotura
fraquanoy tward th orost
higtwt
of the struotura
.
B-19.
No rqwlaos
!Cootoniofraoiwram fora tho doahant fraotura typa in tho LOWOZ S)cof isk, A Oonjugata
sot of fraotura trands ham baon obs~rvodin
tho pilot raa in tho 2/4 B-19A w*11. Tho
~jor t~d
ia 40 0 # of N w~~ M*
ssoondary trmd
SO o W of N.
froa th
Tritiua or Iadina-125
VQrtiaalParaoability
vortioal
is
..
1
..-
eathabd
pora?ab~lity
at
.02
leaa. Ani?l
ma
intenael~~:~
100al Iy
him
parWability.
&waver,
the next
non-fraoturedo
Math
aaaenttally
aeriea
~i
Ltito
TM
followinqequation:
vertioal
of
Weraging
interval
Yiolti
low Overall
Valuea
of
the
parallel voraginq
Ke = ~
1 permeabA14tiu.
v.
+ 1.69
X 1010 b3/L
ealaulafad
bleak heiqhts were 1.0
feet. me maxinum blook height wcs lisitad
Thim i. in aqree8ent with
to 2.7 feet.
studiesparfornad
on sore
detailed fraoture
data An the Skofi#k Field.
Minima
s~a
W m
~
A 13x12x8dual Po%mity 3 modal with 300~ X
300 aantral qrid bloaka wcs used in tho
int.~~tath!h This aovora 4520$ x 40911
rea af tho Ekofiak foraation$n tho Northof Ekofisk ?iald
as 4iqAayad
west Oorner
12. Zhc modol layoxmoarrespond
in Figure
to 9aolo9iala ra M, n, m andED, with
so SubdividedE to Layers 4 and s.
Bash
inputdata,depth
to
top,
thiaknom,
full
field qeologio 9tudy. Init%al
eaturatione were ~the startof
fram8fullt& r d3-Daode2at
the
run
in
!aonUtima
for
takan
from the
8aPteRMx
the pilot
full
fieM
%#rIIB&lz m
hput
~lY
the8ast
refleotAng
lSW.
aMe2
BomdaxY
mo
3-D sS8ulation.
aa oil,
w
and water
iatebomdary
oelsa ona
-T8ajor tluxea are $nto
*80uth4deaof
the-olt
larqe
m
of
in=
ra~$~
Amwt a baaia
%!
nd 60R, water out and praeaure
minus fraoture
paranatar
were utilised to aalibrate
tha htstory
matah. The eatabliahad1.95:1 Horth/8outh
nisotropy
h the pilot was utilised to
in the pilot *roa nd
aaloulateanisotropy
well test
rasults ware utilised to aalaulate real permeabilitydistributions.
Dual Poro#itY
InBut
porosity.
warm
XWmidualOil Saturation@
pwinit
i8MbMom
axperhente
to
et Zor
Mae
parf~
satoh
rat.
?omation
@aupm*
p$lot,
foration/remtimula*ion
progra8 funoof rnll water aturat$one
in tho
fraoture eyetem in the vioinlty of thomo
In May
wells. !ChodeMa watar aaturationa
198. fter 10 miliion barrala water injoothn
in tk aa or Zayer5 ra prasentad
in
2S9&nh1 figureelaarly shows tho
:~~
free
oore
Mom
it Wo&
?oroi:rlal
oil
than
Rignifioantly
37.5*0 Xowever8additionalpilot perforaanoe and data oquimitionwill % rsquired
to d9termina if this valuo ehould be turther reduoado
W$m::igkt
Tho pilot
to
is
Matoh
produoers,
with tho majority of tho
raa dioplaoed with injootadwater.
wshedultd
ma Oritioal
-
foaturo
tn tha Bilot
Well D-a? am
has been
water
t
of Watar
of
2$8$
~wimg
~&9.7
when pW*J
in tRl?Rl?7s!&ie
Outrapidl
thrm#wut
tbe
$nto
in$eotiom
ona layer
yendoontimueeto
inthemodei,
divided
~~
wetere
water
Layer 4 w
aei~
lot of the thhknoos
nd 10t of the ~ throu@ most of the
modol. Ihwever, B-a2 was satqned25t of
its I@ in Layer
4 with ths rauaind~r
saiqned to Layer 5. This allowed sufficient oontrast for t?m injooted watm to
iakly
move rapidly to B-22 with Layer
4
watering out and Layer 5 aontinu 1
n to
produeowatar fro..
This
resulted ! n a
stablo modol water out, am prascntcd in
Fiquro 13, nd is upportad by tho Jus
1987 productionlog of B-22 whioh indieatod
watar was from tho top
momt of tlm produoad
s-t ef perforations,
sharp
fall-off in watar production
of water
rates t B-22 followingsuopc;ts$on
Th@
amat~sommins
waterprOdaOtiom
-%BtXi
plataa wam
ma
$9S7
the
uependod
am
prlmrily
inoreadw
inoluded
reeult
of
~$.
$njeotbn
in
in the matoh,
of lees
of
E%WEL!%%A?%.Z$Z;
rePerfOratiOm/rnttnulatton
roqr~
t
been @etohed with liqhtly
oomLm fthe -r
layers,
~~~a~~
priati
plite
deeersinad
from
production loqgi~ raeults.
has
the
VI. DXSCU8810M
The Lower Ekofisk Pilot waterflood ham
exoeaded xpaotations based on original
xperiaentm.
The two
laboratory imbibition
most plausiblexplanationsfor thim are 1)
the ori inal xperiments were not repreoentat
! ve of in-nituimbibitionand/or 2)
the psesame gradients uroms the matrix
to mobilixs oil at
blocks are uffieient
preamurec.
neqative
aapillary
These two
maahanismm ro disaussad b-low.
Imbibition
The possibility
ximta that the spontaneous
imbibitionin the Lower Ekofisk Lm aatually
higher than indioatod in the laboratory.
ThQ higher imbibitionmeasurements in the
of the field, the random
southern portion
high
values in the north,
imbibition u~an with gas atura~~
a!%
mtablish thim oasibility. Additionally,
Ekof ?SIC is
in faat
rewor)md
the Lower
Xaastriohtian
Age material,so At would not
b@m@~iainq
that thh intarval
would have
trophyaioal propertied s the
Tort
whio r ia lso reworked materia~.
saturations
is
indioatod
over tha
period WIM injootion was sus u%atd.~~
ra id. Anaroaso h
water
au t
fo ! lowing the raperforation/restimulation
Possibly
rograa h ?RbWaXy 198. im tho rcoult of
war r
tho
pilot
to eontinucthrou
September.1989. Ad?itienallyt a wall Pa
eoheduled to be drilled into th6 pilot rea
Mitiosw
pproaohins
zapidly
Wkb
miaro
mullions,
intorfaaial
tenmion and/or limited/non-representative
sampling dvermely affooted
the Lower
Ekofisk data baoe.
101
axparhmnts
hmfo
laborato
Raoant
itiiaatad
oil Wbi7 Amtbn fter pproxi
praomra
aataly 10s pd ~ativa
oapilla
oaekry
i= axaaadad- TM longatad bl ox
from th.
matA%
bloai%..
Addi&ianelly,tha
poaaibllityof oap~llarycontinuitybatwaon
aatrix b&~@=duo t:m~m:Ln@r;irW,mtaat
oil
eouid
maovoryc Althopghtho v$saoua movaaont of
water through law permeability 8atrix
blook would ba claw aompuad to ViSWUS
novamant
natura
5.
Mmpansatinw
~o b
contact d ~
lowar wvamant in
6.
th
VIZ* Caxcw8xoxs
formation in tha
Tho Wwar Ekofisk
p$lot araa axhibits favorabl~ watarflti
Oharaotaristioo.
Residual oil
aturations 1.8s than 40t aan ba
sxpsetad, ~is
is duo to combination
of pontan-ous imbibitionnd vimous
Cuaplneamant , lthouqh tho rolativo
ffoot of Qaoh moehanism is
quantified,
yat
:x&d~lation
7.
pilot produeors,
nogativa skin v-, tim~
war.
rroqu ! rad
to
ahiavo
tim
full banofitm
Bkofis)t water injaation.
h tabio
ounstant
water
tubing
isi:-nation
~romuo
of
rat. at
was obmrvad
and tmmting
A eoxprohsnsivo monltorhi
rogra~ of tho pilot upp! hd valuabls
!
of
ba6ia
for
interpretation
of
raofprimary
$mportanoo.
= fraoba
width,08
- th@cnaaa,ft
formathn parmaability,
M
md
= ftaotiva parmaability,
-ntrixparnability,
md
=miniaum
parnabiltty,
xd
- 8axtnum
rnabil$ty,
ti
P
8wf
: ~~ht~r
saturation,fraation
Swi = initialwater aturation,fraotion
Dalta SW - inoramontalwater aturation,
Xa
aha
-in
-x
II
fraation
= vieaoaityeap
u
x,y,s = Cartoaianeoordinatas
= ngla degroam
:
* poroa i typ kwraont
- matrix
hapm Zmtor, l/ft2
o
8ubsorimts
:
ma
= ffaotivo
= horizontal
= matrix
max ~ maximum
min u ninianum
v
= vcrtiaal
Aoknowlodmaontm
fogation/r@stiaulations
3,
traeora in
~xaoors pzovida
to ba
Rapid dsolinoti
&n GORI and favorabla
oil rat. ?Osponsas wor. obstrvad in
pparently
ffaatlvm
test.
~$-
*W
balm baan tijao%s
Cavorablo Watarflaod roaulta. lhia, in
-inatkn
With good injaotivity,
table
Eaaarvo$r rook, oparationa2 faaatbility,
maxoaaa
injaotion oa-zott
8aka for
ttraot$vafull tioid waK r injaotion
pro
7 sot.
thrao
Thoso
pilot
rospoasoand prwidos
ralattva rolaa of
* Viaaoua 4s
L8tha
Fba
all
tho
romrvoir.
dotariorathg
isotopm, Tritium nd
raas
for
Morata bloaka.
a.
Tho radioaativa
Xodha-12S wara
h
tho
fraaturas,
tho disparaivo
of tha fraatura tam lhm largo
matrix 9u%faan
0?8 18276
smdatad
w ? th tho
of 6 .*
M faat
taotoms
fraoturas in oombinatlon with
prasmra
&dbnt8 of 0.8 to 0,7S @/ft
yield auf $iehnt praosu~sto displaeaoil
10
9mlmoi)
WA
8XOP18XPWXAIVOX PI-
?Sb
ous approsiation
to Phillips
Wa xpr~ss
P*trolmm co,
and Phillips aovonturom
(Fins ExplorationNorway Ins., Norsk Aqip
A/$, Elf hquitaine Horqe A/st Uorsk Hydro
.m.,
Total Mariim
Nordc
A/Bt
nd Dan
in tho
Nordca Stats 01 cclc)cap aga.)
Groatm?
Ekofisk L 2aon8@ Ar@a for p@~i8SiOn
to Bublish this pa cr.
Thi_ work
was 8
and r noludaa aontributiona
joint ffort
g~ea ovcral
ouro~a, In partioularl
th.
r~-.~o~r
~a$:pt~:;
~r~
p.rfo-d
by
Bartloavllls nd
PhLUipa
nalyaim parform~d
Btavanqart tho fraoturo
by M.=. ?arrcll} tha laboratorywatar/oil
imbibition
work parforncd by L70P. Johnson
na
,,.
3, 8, BTWB, %. DO ~,
Si818;;6
Bnd Phillips
SUoaruh
w
##&cool
m
traoor i8plaDontion
8M UMly,&#
m Inotitut8
ror Bnorqy saobnGr&z
L
motAvBttm
Bnd anoourBqm
of our
PUtMr8 to P6@osm MM pilot,
Ospooihlly
?, m 8ilva of 2aDtroflna m Wknoulodqod,
Oxp*&
No lso
Production Cporatokm E Br.-atfloem
%%
Mligcstl
oollootd
tho routino production
ma
1031O-103M
1C34O-103S6
SO37O-1038B
468
268
a8*
do%
33%
44
mplm
LMor
Th0M81
LX.,
COS., VhnOt$
Reaomplct40n
Bixonf
Il.%.:
T,N.,
(F*,
n,a~als
Added
~anc,
Wcofisk
r).lots
, #n
flood
Juno 1987
19@b
Au@W
Porforationa
R9foranooo
1.
11
xi. %0 WOUA8
Wat.r-
lt15#
&c
nA,$n;8c
S!A(1OWW),SB,SC
B-19
s-2a
B-24
1987) a2l-
a3a.
Pw
Roomplat en ,t Ro,ults
a.
ThomRo,
i?hrnon
L,%. #
W3.:
Wton,
Wraoturd
!f@M.,
and
Morwoir
d.
08tha
et Plm,d
~,
Imt40n
SoU8ton, ~
ab
yuri!!
intlmacofidtm?ialw.~
8PB 20147
bition,
P.:
a-8,
19s0 .
S-19
8-aa
90S6
-4*7
3a48
-5ea
n-a4
6068
-s94
ROOOmplothn AWLn
Well
B-M
C&R%on
Layer
1s3.0
8a.4
B-16 - n-aa
Dv16- B-L9
n-aa
B-a4
Log Rc*u3t,
IntorwollPorm
(M)
Well-well
Initial
3000
3790
3740
Comp on R.8ult8
9936
al17
4379
-402
-403
-4*O
B-a4
EA
EO
Eic
SD
a38
408
3::
4025
, 3995
38s0
B-16
B-19
B-2a
B-a4
a584
76aS
9s1
7493
Injmtion
-367
-100
-3$3
-a87
435a
4367
4569
384a
.,
..
/
m
:-
!1
Ii
k.,,,,,q,.,,?,,.,,,s,,J,,,,,8,,,,!,,,,,,.,,,l,,,,.,,,l,,,q.,,,.!,,,,3,,,a.!,,a,,..,.J..%.,.<..s:
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60
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of B.16001n@mdwntlww
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xpwlnlonts.
oaphlmy pfwsurw dwlwd hom oantrltu~
i
PI@.7-cPlwmpwtwnpbtotttnlofl@lNtw.l6(flgtlt)andddwaetlB.wA
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mDIOMmw
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B.ls
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4.m4s4-
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ml
mm
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cas amSTul
am
4.s-
M2sILln
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47
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95
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mouaonvs.mmt
18276
S.w.w!mimfg
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12442
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81.4.-%QJJ:
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+
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LL-L,7-JI
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BJ MA2Tunn
LAVCX 8.WATR
2A7URAT40N
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Mt4UARY !M 14M
1 W4b
clam
Elcotb
014W
C120W
40%
L170U
I
m. 17-W91W UWMUWWlnthcfmclm
mml
Aq.N4?,Bllw7,l
mww
..
LMIRS.WATER
a
7
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m,14-www4mwmion
MWt41MWWU14M.
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IN MATRIX
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1
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o
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SS7@SiOIl12
20%
..
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R!14-
.-t..
ii
+-}-l
E3 40%
I
40%
IS
Mw5monlh401
!+#cu0n4huhol.