LECIA 5

Condiionalul. Poverty
GRAMATIC
Condiional prezent = would / should + infinitiv
Condiional perfect = would / should + HAVE + participiul trecut
Condiionalul se folosete:
1. la fel ca viitorul simplu, cnd verbul principal este la trecut:
I think he will come. I thought he would come.
Sam says his grades will improve. Sam said his grades would improve.
2. pentru a face referiri la aciuni obinuite n trecut:
When we lived in country we would often spend our weekends outdoor.
When Hector was a puppy, he would play all day long.
3. n propoziii subordonate dup: advise, agree, arrange, ask, beg, command, decide,
demand, determine, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, suggest, be anxious,
be determined.
The Professor decided (that) the exam should be scheduled for January.
Mrs. Walker is anxious (that) her son should get the job.
4. cu it is / was + adjectiv + thatshould:
It is essential that the students should practice language skills in class.
It was strange that he should say that.
5. dup cant think, dont know why sau see no reason why:
I cant think why Frank should apologise.
I dont know why my sister should do that.
I see no reason why we should not ever try.
6. cu oferte i cereri:
Would you prefer tea or coffee?
Would you like to see my DVD collection?
NOT: Would rather nseamn a prefera s:
I would rather have coffee than tea.
7. n propoziii condiionale (if clauses). Exista trei tipuri de propoziii condiionale n
englez:
Tipuri
Condiional I
Condiional II
Condiional III

Propoziie principal
Viitor cu will
(uneori Pres. Simple)
Condiional prezent
(Present Conditional)
Condiional perfect
(Perfect Conditional)

IF

Propoziie subordonat
Prezent simplu
(Present Simple)
Trecut simplu
(Past Tense)
Mai mult ca perfect
(Past Perfect)

Condiional I
Condiionalul I se folosete:
1. cnd situaia din propoziia condiional este probabil, sau se presupune c se va
ntmpla. Dei sensul poate fi de prezent sau viitor, verbul din propoziia condiionala
este ntotdeauna la timpul prezent:
The glass will break if you drop it.
If it snows on Christmas day, we will make a snowman.
Will you get me some bluberries, if you go to the supermarket?
2. verbele modale (ex: can, may, must, should) l pot nlocui pe will n propoziia
principal:
You can enter the stadium, if you have a ticket.
If he isnt in, you may leave a message.
William must do a good job if he wants to get elected class president.
If you want to win the championship, you should get another trainer. (sugestie sau
sfat)
3. cu dou timpuri prezente (cte unul n amndou propoziiile) pentru a indica
rezultate automate sau obinuinte:
If you push that button, the computer shuts down.
If you dont ask for help, you dont get it.
If you mix blue and yellow, you get green.
4. cu timpuri prezente continue sau perfecte n propoziia condiional:
If my mother-in-law is coming for dinner, Ill open a special bottle of wine.
(Prezent continuu pentru a indica un aranjament n viitor)
If you are making coffee, Ill have one too. (Prezent continuu pentru a indica o
aciune n desfurare n prezent)
If you havent seen that film yet, well go tonight. (Prezent perfect pentru a indica
o legtur cu prezentul)
NOT: Unless nseamn if... not:
Unless its a sunny day tomorrow, we wont go horse riding. (= If it is not a sunny
day tomorrow, we wont go horse riding.)
Otherwise nseamn or else:
You must study, otherwise you will fail the exam. (= You must study, or else you
will fail the exam. = If you dont study, you will fail the exam.)

Condiional II
Condiionalul II se folosete:
1. cnd situaia din subordonata condiional este improbabil sau ipotetic:
If I went to Hollywood, I would be a movie star. (but I dont believe Ill go there)
If you stopped breathing, you would die. (but you dont intend to stop breathing)
If the distance to the faculty were shorter, I would walk there. (the distance is
unlikely to change)
If I were you, Id move to another city. (but Im not you)

NOT: If I were you poate fi folosit i pentru a da sfaturi:

If I were you, Id apologise to her.
2. pentru o sugestie politicoas sau pentru a exprima o ipotez perfect realizabil.
Comparai:
If we go by plane, we will be more comfortable.
If we went by plane, we would be more comfortable. (mai politicos)
3. verbele modale la un timp trecut l pot nlocui pe would. Sensurile se modific n mod
corespunztor. Comparai:
If Mr. Lynch applied for the job, he would get it. (sigur)
If Mr. Lynch applied for the job, he might get it. (posibil)
If Mr. Lynch got the job, he could start next Monday. (implic abilitatea sau
permisiunea)

Condiional III
Condiionalul III se folosete:
1. cnd situaia din subordonata condiional este n trecut, deci imposibil:
If we had taken an umbrella with us last night, we would not have got wet. (we
didnt take an umbrella last night and so we got wet)
If Jack had studied physics at the university, he would have been at CERN now.
(but Jack didnt study physics, he studied something else)
2. verbele modale could (abilitate sau permisiune) i might (posibilitate) pot nlocui
would n propoziia principal:
I could have made cupcakes for you if I had known it was your birthday.
(abilitate)
The pilot might have been blinded by the sun, if he hadnt brought his sunglasses
with him. (posibilitate)
NOT: If only se poate folosi la toate tipurile de condiional pentru a sublinia sperana,
dorina sau regretul.
If only we had some money with us, we would take the cab.
If only we had paid the bill earlier, we would not have been evicted.

EXERCIII
1. Punei verbele din paranteze la forma corespunzatoare (de tip I, II sau III) a condiionalului.
1. If you come to London, you (call) me?
2. What would you say, if you (be) me?
3. If you (read) the instructions carefully, you wouldnt have
installed it incorrectly.
4. Unless they turn the music down next door, I (go) mad.
5. If the story hadnt been interesting, the newspaper (not print) it.
6. If you heat ice, it (melt).
7. The cat would eat that roast chicken, if you (leave) it there.

8. Dana and Mark would go on a holiday, if he (not be) too busy at the
moment.
9. The terrorist would have been identified, if he (not wear) a
mask.
10. If I hadnt stopped him, he (crash) against the wall.
2. Completai propoziiile urmtoare, folosind tipurile I, II si III de condiional.
1. Should you see anything strange ......................................................................................
2. It was a beautiful clear starry sky last night. If only
...
3. The snake doesnt look too healthy. If I were you .
4. If I go to Rome,
5. That crash on the highway last night would not have happened, if .

6. If you want to catch that 7.30 train, ..

7. Id have helped you, if
8. If you dont eat all your vegetables,
9. If you tell anyone what Ive done
10. Hello! Theres a special offer at our supermarket. If you buy two
.
3. Citii urmtoarele propoziii (1-3). Toate conin verbul would, dar din motive diferite.
Alegei motivul potrivit din cealalt list (a-c).
1. We would make a cake together, we would go to the launderette and he would put the
money in the machine.
2. I thought the school inspector would arrive at the door any minute.
3. Children would spend their entire lives in front of a video or computer game unless
they were forced to do something else.
a. Propoziia este o situaie ipotetic, nu exist.
b. Propoziia este un exemplu de vorbire indirect (reported speech).
c. Exemplele sunt activiti pe care ei obinuiau s le fac.
4. Potrivii coloana A cu coloana B pentru a obine propoziii corecte.
A
1. If I get a headache
2. I feel terrible
3. If I drink too much coffee
4. If flowers dont get any water
5. You put on weight
6. If I had money,
7. If I knew how to paint,
8. I wouldnt say that about artists
9. You would get better results
10. If the weather were good,
11. We could have gone to Florence
12. I might have gone with you to the museum

B
a. they die
b. if I were you.
c. if we had had more time.
d. I usually take some aspirin
e. if you used lighter colours.
f. if I dont get 8 hours sleep a night
g. if you had asked me nicely.
h. I would buy a lot of art works.
i. you could never have forgotten it.
j. if she had been given the chance.
k. if you dont get enough exercise
l. I could be at the Louvre right now.

13. She might have been a great artist

14. If you had seen the Mona Lisa once
15. If I had had more money,

m. it makes me feel nervous

n. I would have bought more photos.
o. I would love to sit and work on a
portrait for hours.

VOCABULAR
Poverty
1. Poverty is the state of being poor, namely lack of money to provide material needs or
comforts such as food, clothing, shelter and safe drinking water. It also entails the lack of
opportunity to get an education. Poor people are usually outcasts in a society.
Extreme poverty.
According to the United Nations, about 25,000 people starve to death every day. That means
one person every 3.5 seconds. And unfortunately, it is children who die most often because
they are most helpless group.
It is ironic that there is plenty of food in the world to feed everyone. But poor people dont
have money to buy it.
Refugees.
The global refugee crisis affects every continent and almost every country. Refugees flee their
homes to escape persecution. There are several main reasons for violent persecution:
race, religion or nationality;
membership in a particular social group;
political opinion or affiliation.
Refugees are protected and assisted by Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees (UNHCR), created in 1950.
The right to asylum is a matter of life and death and cannot be compromised. Refugees are
victims that need our help to end the abuses they suffer and build hope for a better world.
2. Match the words in italics with the definitions below.
armed conflict
detention center

immigrant
persecution

minority
refugee

influx
asylum

___________________ - 1. is a person who has escaped from their own country for political
religious or economic reasons or because a war.
___________________ - 2. is a person who has come to a different county in order to live
there permanently.
____________________ - 3. to treat someone unfairly or cruelly over a long period of time
because of their race, religion, or political beliefs or to annoy someone by refusing to leave
them alone.
____________________ - 4. an active disagreement between people with opposing opinions
or principles where weapons are used in the disagreement.
____________________ - 5. protection or safety, especially that given by a government to
foreigners who have been forced to leave their own countries for political reasons.

____________________ - 6. the arrival of a large number of people or things at the same

time.
____________________ - 7. a national or racial group living in a country or area which
contains a larger group of people of a different race or nationality.
____________________ - 8. a place where people who have entered a country without the
necessary documents can be kept for short periods of time.
3. Follow the clues for Across and Down to fill in the crossword.

Across
1. Temporary settlement for refugees.
3. Here are the headquarters of the UNHCR.
5. Political refugees usually seek ...... in other countries.
7. Refugees are people just like us and they have the same ......
8. Someone who migrates.
10. Acronym of the main refugee organization.
Down
2. More refugees have left this country than any other.
4. Refugees live in severe ......
6. 250,000 people left this country, now known as Myanmar, because of ethnic cleansing. 9.
The major cause of refugee movement.