ACID BASE TITRATION

I. Title of Experiment

: Acid base titration

II. Day/Date Experiment

: Wednesday/December, 11th 2013

III. Experiments Done

: Wednesday/December, 11th 2013

IV. The Aim of Experiment :

1. Determining concentration of NaOH with standart solution oscalat acid.
2. Determining concentration of HCl with NaOH solution.
V. Supporting Theoretical
Titration is analysis way of measuring the amount of solvent is required to
act consistently with the substance is contained in the other solution. Analysis is
related to the volume of reagent solution is called volumetric analysis. Acid base
titration is a quantitative analysis to determine the morality of acid or base.
Substance is determined the morality is titrated with a solution that knowed the
morality and with the addition of appropriate indicators. Function of indicator is
to know the final point of titration. If indicator that used is right, the indicator will
change the colour in final point of titration. Final point of titrarion is happen near
the equivalent point of titration, that condision when acid solution right react with
base solution.
A suitable indicator should be chosen, preferably one that will experience
a change in colour (an end point) close to the equivalence point of the reaction .
Here is some data of indicator that may suit to the special reaction.

Principles of acid-base titration :

Acid base titration involving acid or base as titer or titrant. Acid base titration
based neutralization reaction. Level of acid solution was determined using base
solution and vice velsa. Titrant is added titer gradually until reach equivalent
condision (stoichiometrily titrant and titer right completely react). This condision
is called equivalent paint. At this point, titration process is stopped, then we record
the volume of titer that required to reach that conditian. Using data volume of
titrant, volume and consentration of titer, so we can calculated titrant level.
Method to know the equivalent point :
1. Wearing pH meter to monitor pH change during titration is done, then make
plot between pH with titrant volume to get titration airve. The midpoint of
titration curve is equivalent paint.
2. Wearing acid and bae indicator. Indicator is added to titraint before titration
prosses is done. This indicator will change colour when equivalent paint is
accur. At this momet, we can stop the titration.
Selection of appropriate indicator is the main requirement of tiration. If
indicator that used is change colour when equivalent paint, so final paint of
titration will same with equivalent paint. But, if the colour change indicator is
located in pH where nitrat agent is slight excess, so final paint of titration is differ
with equivalent point.
To state pH change when titration, is used titration curve. Titration curve
is easy our to determine the equivalent paint.
1. Strong acid and strong base

2. Strong acid and weak base

3. Weak acid and strong base

4. Weak acid and weak base

After we titrate the solution, we can know the concentration by the

formula of:
V 1 . M 1 . n=V 2 . M 2 . n

N 1 . V 1=N 2 . V 2

VI. Tools and Materials

A. Tools
1. Statif and klem
2. Buret
3. Erlenmeyer 250 mL
4. Mumps pipette 25 mL

or

V 1 . M 1 . n=V 2 . M 2 . n

5. Pipette
6. Graduated cylinder
7. Beaker glass 100 mL
8. Funnel
B. Materials
1. NaOH
2. C2H2O4
3. HCl
4. Phenopthalein
5. Aquades
6. Curcuma extract

VII. Procedure (Scheme of experiment)

IX. Analysis
At the first experiment we determine for concentration of NaOH with 10
mL C2H2O4 0,05 M with Phenolphtalein as indicator. Before, the colour of NaOH,
C2H2O4, phenolpthalein are colorless. After that, NaOH added into buret and
dropped into erlenmeyer flask that contain 10 mL C2H2O4 0,05 M and 2 drops of
phenolpthalein, the color of solution is changing slowly. After the certain volume
of NaOH has been added, the solution changed in to pink (++++). It means the
end titration has been occured. We repeated the experiment 3 times,we get V 1=10
ml, V2=8 ml, and V3=7 ml. From this data, we get the average concentration of
NaOH is 0,123 N.
At the second experiment that is determining concentration of HCl 10 mL
with NaOH whose concentration has been found from the first experiment with
phenolphtalein as indicator. The initial color of HCl,NaOH and phenolpthalein
before dissolved are colorless. After little by little NaOH in Buret are given to the
HCl in Erlenmeyer flask that added 4 drops phenolphtalein, the color is changing
slowly into pink (+). It means the end titration has been occurred. We repeated the

experiment 3 times,we get V1=10,9 ml, V2=9,3 ml, and V3=8 ml.Based the data
and use the formula, we get an average concentration of HCl is 0,115 N.
At the third experiment it same as the second observing but we use natural
indicator that is Curcuma Extract. The initial colour of NaOH and HCl are
colorless. The colour of Curcuma extract is orange (+++).The HCl 10 mL in the
Erlenmeyer flask added by 2 drops of Curcuma extract,the colour is yellow. After
little by little NaOH in buret dropped into it, the color changing slowly until raise
the certain volume of NaOH. The final color between NaOH + HCl (with
Curcuma extract) is orange. We repeated this experiment 3 times, we get V1=9,8
ml and the colour is orange (++), V2=9,6ml and the colour is orange (++), and
V3=9,3 ml and the colour is orange (+).
X. Discussion
In the first experiment, the adding of NaOH is too much. The color
changing is bright. We should repeat the experiment to get the exact data. But we
dont. For the next two repeating, we do it well. The color changing is little, not
too bright. So the titration process is end. Then about shaking the solution in
Erlenmeyer, it also will make the color change and then state into certain color.
So, the shaking of Erlenmeyer is influenced. The main is about washing of the
tools. It also affects the experiment process. But, here we thoroughly wash it
cleanly and also make dry by tissue. So the solution doesnt contaminate. Then
about the other experiment, second and third, we try to conduct the experiment
well. The color changing is suitable with theory, that for PP is pink, and for plant
extract is transparent green. So, the problem here is less than the first experiment.
XI.

Conclusion

1. The concentration of NaOH is 0,100 N. The color changing is from colorless

into pink. The indicator is phenolphthalein, so the pink color indicates base
solution. Strong base (NaOH) plus weak acid (C 2H2O4) is come into base
solution.
2. The concentration of HCl is 0,096 N. The color changing by PP is also pink,
but in plant extract is red into green. It suitable with the theory we read. The

character of solution here is come into neutral cause strong acid (HCl) plus
strong base (NaOH) is neutral.
XII. Answer of Question
1. Because the range pH of phenolphthalein is 8,3 10,0. And we know, that
strong base (NaOH) titrate with weak acid (C 2H2O4) the result will be base. So,
we need base indicator here, thats phenolphthalein.
2. Equivalent point is a point that the value of OH- and H+ is equal. The other
word is when the pH of solution is neutral, but the end point is when the
solution has changed its color. The changing is indicating that we have to end
titration process.
3. C2H2O4 as primary standard solution
NaOH as secondary standard solution
HCl as tertiary standard solution
XIII. References
Brandy, J.E, dan Huminston. 1986. General Chemistry. John Wiley and Sans:
Singapore.
Briggs, J.R.G. 2002. Chemistry for GCE O level. Pearson Education Asis Pte,
Ltd. Singapore.
Chang, Raymond. 2005. Chemistry. Mc Graw-Hill: New York.
Tim Kimia Dasar. 1993. Petunjuk Praktikum Kimia Dasar. Institut Teknologi
Bandung: Bandung
Tim Kimia Dasar. 2013. Petunjuk Praktikum Kimia Dasar. Surabaya:
UNESAPress.

Known
Lecture/ Guidance Assistant

Surabaya, December 16th, 2013

Student

(..)

(..)

ATTACHMENT
A. Prepare the tools
1 Put the buret into clam

Put the erlemeyer in bottom of

burret .

B. Determine the concentration of NaOH solution using C2H2O4 solution

1

NaOH before titration

C2H2O4 before titration

Titration proces

C2H2O4 + phenoptalen after

added NaOH

C. Determine the concentration of Hcl solution using NaOH solution

1

NaOH before titration

HCl before titration

Titration procces

HCl + phenoptalen after added NaOH

D. Determine natural indicator which has similar characteristic with phenoptalen .

1

Natural indicator (extract of

curcuma)

NaOH

HCl + natural indicator.

HCL + natural indicator after

added NaOH

Calculation
1. Determine the concentration of NaOH solution using C2H2O4 solution
2NaOH + C2H2O4 Na2 C2O4 + 2H2O
a.

V1 = Na.Va = Nb.Vb

Nb

= Mb x n

Ma.n.Va = Mb.n.Vb
0,05M. 2. 5.10-3 = Mb. 1. 5,1.10-3
0,1 M .5.103
= Mb
5,1.103
0,098 M

b.

= 0,098 x 1
= 0,098 N

= Mb

V2 => Na.Va = Nb.Vb

Nb

Ma.n.Va = Mb.n.Vb
0,05M. 2. 5.10-3 = Mb. 1. 4,9.10-3
0,1 M .5.103
= Mb
4,9. 103
0,102 M

c.

= Mb x n
= 0,102 x 1
= 0,102 N

= Mb

V3 => Na.Va = Nb.Vb

Ma.n.Va = Mb.n.Vb
0,05M. 2. 5.10-3 = Mb. 1. 5.10-3

Nb

= Mb x n
= 0,100 x 1
= 0,100 N

0,1 M .5. 10
5.103
0,100 M

= Mb
= Mb

Average Nb =
=

Nb 1+ Nb2+ Nb 3
n

( 0,098+ 0,102+0,100 ) N
n

= 0,100 N

1. Determining HCl with NaOH which have been found the

normality
Indicator : PP (phenolftalein)
HCl H+ + ClNaOH Na+ + OH-

a. V1 => Na.Va
3
Na . 5.10

Na

= Nb.Vb
3
= 0,100 . 4,9.10

= 0,098 N

b. V2 => Na.Va
3
Na . 5.10

Na

= Nb.Vb
3
= 0,100 . 4,8.10

= 0,096 N

c. V3 => Na.Va
3
Na . 5.10

Na

N = ekivalen
N. NaOH = 0,100 M
Va, Na, Ma is for acid
Vb, Nb, Mb is for base

= Nb.Vb
3
= 0,100 . 4,8.10

= 0,096 N
Average Nb =
=

Nb 1+ Nb2+ Nb 3
n

( 0,098+ 0,096+0,096 ) N
n

= 0,096 N