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Math 55
Tangent Planes
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Recall
Du f (x0 , y0 ) =
lim
h0
Math 55
Tangent Planes
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R
R
R
Math 55
Tangent Planes
z = z0 + ct
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F (x0 , y0 , z0 ) R (t0 ) =
0
0
Tangent Planes
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If F (x0 , y0 , z0 ) 6= 0, then it is
orthogonal to the tangent
plane to S at P ,
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Example
Example
Find the equation of the tangent plane to the ellipsoid
x2 + 2y 2 + 3z 2 = 6
at the point (1, 1, 1).
Solution. Let F (x, y, z) = x2 + 2y 2 + 3z 2 (k = 6) and
therefore we have
Fx (x, y, z) = 2x Fx (1, 1, 1) = 2
Fy (x, y, z) = 4y Fy (1, 1, 1) = 4
Fz (x, y, z) = 6z Fz (1, 1, 1) = 6
So the equation of the tangent plane is
2(x 1) 4(y + 1) + 6(z 1) = 0
2x 4y + 6z 12 = 0
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Tangent Planes
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Tangent Planes
If the equation of the surface can be written in the form
z = f (x, y), then f (x, y) z = 0.
Let F (x, y, z) = f (x, y) z. Therefore,
Fx (x, y, z) = fx (x, y),
Fz (x, y, z) = 1
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Normal Lines
Definition
The normal line to a surface S at a point P is the line passing
through P perpendicular to the tangent plane to S at P .
The direction of the normal line is therefore given by a normal
vector of the tangent plane i.e., the gradient vector
F (x0 , y0 , z0 ).
So a set of symmetric equations for the normal line is
x x0
y y0
z z0
=
=
Fx (x0 , y0 , z0 )
Fy (x0 , y0 , z0 )
Fz (x0 , y0 , z0 )
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Tangent Planes
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Example
Example
Find symmetric equations for the normal line to the surface
z = x2 + 2y 2
at the point (2, 1, 6).
Solution. Let F (x, y, z) = x2 + 2y 2 z (k = 0).
Fx (x, y, z) = 2x Fx (2, 1, 6) = 4
Fy (x, y, z) = 4y Fy (2, 1, 6) = 4
Fz (x, y, z) = 1 Fx (2, 1, 6) = 1
Hence the symmeteric equations for the normal line is
x+2
y1
z6
=
=
4
4
1
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Tangent Planes
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R
R
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Tangent Planes
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Exercises
1
Tangent Planes
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References
Math 55
Tangent Planes
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