Double Integrals over Rectangles

Math 55 - Elementary Analysis III

Institute of Mathematics
University of the Philippines
Diliman

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Double Integrals over Rectangles

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Recall
If f (x) is defined for a x b, we subdivide the interval [a, b]
into subintervals of length x. Choose xi on each subinterval.

The definite integral of f from a to b is

b
n
X
f (x) dx = lim
f (xi ) x
n!1

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i=1

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The Volume Problem

Let f (x, y) 0 and continuous on the rectangular region

R = [a, b] [c, d] = {(x, y)|a x b.c y d}. We want to
find the volume of of the solid under the surface z = f (x, y)
over R.

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The Volume Problem

Partition R by dividing the interval [a, b] into m subintervals
[xi 1 , xi ] of equal width x and [c, d] into n subintervals
[yj 1 , yj ] of equal width y.

Let Rij = [xi 1 , xi ] [yj

i.e., A = x y.

1 , yj ]

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and let

Aij be the area of Rij ,

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The Volume Problem

Take an arbitrary point (xi , yj ) 2 Rij and construct rectangular
prisms with bases Rij and height f (xi , yj ) and denote the
volume of the prism by Vij = f (xi , yj ) A

The volume of the solid is approximately

m X
n
X

f (xi , yj ) A

i=1 j=1

As we increase the number of partitions,

m X
n
X
V = lim
f (xi , yj ) A
m,n!1

i=1 j=1

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Double Integrals over Rectangles

Definition
If f (x, y) is continuous on a rectangular region R, then the
double integral of f over R is

f (x, y) dA =

lim

m,n!1

m X
n
X

f (xi , yi ) A

i=1 j=1

provided this limit exists.

If f (x, y) 0 on R, then the double integral can be interpreted
as the volume under the surface given by z = f (x, y) over the
rectangular region R.

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Iterated Integrals
Suppose f (x, y) is integrable on the rectangular region
R = [a, b] [c, d]. By

f (x, y) dy

we mean the definite integral from c to d of f (x, y) with respect

to y where x is held fixed, called the partial integral with respect
to y. Note that the result is a function of x, so let
d
I(x) =
f (x, y) dy. Hence,
c

I(x) dx =

b
a

f (x, y) dy dx =

b
a

f (x, y) dy dx

called an iterated (double) integral.

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Iterated Integrals
Example
Evaluate the iterated integrals:
2 1
a.
6xy 2 dy dx
1

b.

1 2
1

Solution.
a.

1
2

6xy dy dx

2 1
2
6xy dy dx
1

y=1

2xy

dx

6xy 2 dx dy

1 2
2
6xy dx dy
0

2x dx = x

2
1

1=3
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x=2

3x2 y 2

y=0

b.

6xy 2 dx dy

dy
x=1
1

9y 2 dy = 3y 3

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Double Integrals over Rectangles

Theorem (Fubinis Theorem)

If f is continuous on the rectangular region R = [a, b] [c, d],
then

b d
d b
f (x, y) dA =
f (x, y) dy dx =
f (x, y) dx dy
R

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Double Integrals over Rectangles

Example
Evaluate

y sin(xy) dA, where R = [0, 2] [0, ].

Solution. We choose to integrate first with respect to x:

y sin(xy) dA =

y sin(xy) dx dy

0
x=2

cos(xy)

dy
x=0

( cos 2y + 1) dy

sin 2y
+y
2

=
=
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Double Integrals over Rectangles

Example
Find the volume of the solid S bounded by the surface
4x3 + 3y 2 + z = 20, the planes x = 1, y = 2 and the coordinate
planes.
4x3

Solution. S is the solid under the surface z = 20

the region R = [0, 1] [0, 2]. The volume of S is

2 1
(20 4x3 3y 2 ) dA =
(20
0

4x3

3y 2 above
3y 2 ) dx dy

x=1

x4

20x

3y 2 x

dy
x=0

19

3y 2 dy

0
2

19y

y3

= 38

8 = 30

0
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Double Integrals over Rectangles

Suppose f (x, y) can be written as a product of a function of x
and a function of y, i.e., f (x, y) = g(x)h(y). If f is continous on
R = [a, b] [c, d], then by Fubinis Theorem,

f (x, y) dA =

f (x, y) dy dx

g(x)h(y) dy dx

b d
=
g(x)h(y) dy dx
a
c
d

b
=
g(x)
h(y) dy dx
a

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g(x) dx

h(y) dy

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Double Integrals over Rectangles

Example
Evaluate

x2 sin y dA where R = [ 1, 2] [0, 2 ].

Solution. Since x2 sin y is a product of g(x) = x2 and

h(y) = sin y, by the prevoius theorem,

x2 sin y

=
=
=

2
1

x2 sin y dy dx

2
x2 dx
sin y dy
1
0
!
!
2
2
x3
cos y
3 1
0

8 1
+
(0 + 1) = 3
3 3

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Exercises
1

Calculate the iterated integral.

a.

1
8

(2x + y) dx dy

b.

x y
+
y
x

dy dx

Calculate
the double integral.

yexy dA, R = [0, 2] [0, 1]

a.

b.

x
dA, R = {(x, y)|1 x 2, 0 y 1}
x2 + y 2

R
3

Find the volume of the solid in the first octant bounded by

the cylinder z = 16 x2 and the plane y = 5.

Sketch the solid bounded by the paraboloid

x2 + y 2 + z = 4, the planes 2x + 2y + z = 6, x = 1, y = 1
and the coordinate planes then find its volume.
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References

Stewart, J., Calculus, Early Transcendentals, 6 ed., Thomson

Brooks/Cole, 2008

Leithold, L., The Calculus 7, Harper Collins College Div., 1995

Dawkins, P., Calculus 3, online notes available at

http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/

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