4.

3
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

PHYSICAL MODELS - DATA

The network and the load

The synchronous alternator

The electrical network is modelled under a

positive
sequence
pattern
or
a
full
unsymmetrical representation. The voltage at
the buses are governed by the algebraic
equations I = Y U. Loads are represented by
either a non-linear equation as a function of
voltage and frequency or by dynamic models
using macroblocks ; the dynamic effect of low
voltage level tap changers is also modelled.
Several loads, with different variation laws, can
be modelled on the same bus. Reactive
compensators are represented as single
elements or as banks.

The modelling of synchronous machines is done according

to Parks classical theory, where the rotor is represented by
4 equivalent windings : the exciter winding and a damper in
the direct axis with magnetic coupling between these
windings and two dampers in the quadrature axis. The
machine internal fluxes have been made sensitive to the
system frequency. The saturation of the magnetic circuits
may be represented using Shackshafts model. The set-up
transformer may also be included in the alternator model.
As for the mechanical behaviour of the alternator, rotor
movements are described by the rotating masses equation,
which relates the mechanical and electrical torques to the
variation of rotation speed.

The asynchronous machines

The user can define the alternator by its external

parameters (reactances and time constants) or internal
parameters
(mutual
and
dispersion
inductances,
resistances).

An induction machine may be modelled in two

different ways :

the complete model in which the dynamics

of the rotoric fluxes are calculated assuming
the existence of a double rotor cage;

the simplified model which neglects rotor

transients.
The mechanical resistant torque can be
modelled with accuracy thanks to the use of the
simulation macrolanguage
The users can define the induction motor by its
external
parameters
(namplate
characteristics)
or internal parameters
(leakage resistances and reactances).
An asynchronous machine can operate either
as a motor, or as an alternator.

The transformer
The tap positions are explicitly represented.
The leakage reactance and the transformer
ratio depend on the tap-changer position. The
saturation is also modelled. Three winding
transformers can be explicitly represented.

The injector
A complex power (P,Q), a variable admittance
(G,B) or a current (in rectangular or polar
coordinates) can be defined as injectors at
each node. The mathematical model of those
injectors are defined with the macrolanguage.
This procedure is used to represent dynamic
loads, SVC's, etc...
Furthermore, two injectors may be coupled to
modelize special serial devices such as
FACTS, HVDC lines, etc...
Infinite buses are also available.

The substation
Coupling devices with zero impedance are
available to represent the different bus bars of
the substations.

The automata
An automaton enables to generate an event, according to
the state variables values. The equations describing the
automata are evaluated after each integration step, based
on the value taken by the required state variables.
The following automata are available :

overcurrent relay protection;

out-of-step relay, tripping the machine in case of loss of

synchronism;

automatic tap changer transformer : the automaton

changes the taps to respect a given voltage setpoint
inside the dead-band. Mechanism of tap locking is also
provided in order to cope with situations of voltage
collapses. The control can also be based on the active
power through the transformer;

distance protection balanced systems : monitoring both

ends of transmission lines , with anti-swing and stage
acceleration features;

distance protections unbalanced systems : based on a

user given ratio of FORTESCUE impedances, antiswing, stage acceleration features and individual phase
opening;

the frequency load shedding protection;

the tripping of a branch based on the measurement of

the transmitted power;

the tripping of a machine in case of under or over

voltage measured at a desired bus;

the tripping of a machine (synchronous or induction) in

case of under or over speed;

the tripping of a machine as the output of a given block

exceeds a given threshold. A field current protection can
be modelled by this way;

the detection of system instability, based on angle and

speed criteria;

the load-frequency control, for AGC simulation

(secondary control);

the generalized wattmetric protection (branch

opening or machine tripping on power criterion).

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

PHYSICAL MODELS - DATA

The models of control systems and processes
The user has access to a library of standard models of processes and control systems. He can also
create his own models, by using a graphic tool (pre-processor) interactively. Each model is represented
by a graphical scheme, the so called macroblock. No FORTRAN coding is required to specify new
models of turbines, boilers, controllers, SVC, load, ... The macroblocks are designed on the screen of the
workstation, using a large set of elementary blocks to build the block-diagram (see also DATA
PREPARATION - Interactive graphic pre-processor for modelling).
The macroblocks corresponding to different generating units or injectors can be coupled to represent the
interactions between various power system components : hydro units on a same water column,
combined cycles, HVDC lines, etc...
The library of macroblocks contents the following :
IEEE HYDRO SYSTEMS

IEEE STEAM SYSTEMS

Mechanical-hydraulic speed governor system for

hydro-turbines

Steam system and steam chest for speed

governor

Approximate linear model of speed governor

system for hydro-turbines

Coupling system

Mechanical-hydraulic speed
system for steam turbines

General electric electrohydraulic speed

governor system for steam turbine

Westinghouse electrohydraulic speedgovernor system for steam turbine with

steam flow feedback

General
systems

Parsons Ltd. : fossil fueled speedgovernor for steams turbines

Boiler : boiler following turbine

Boiler : turbine following boiler

Boiler : coordinated control

Model of [TCR + FC] and [TCR+TSC+FC],

including
current
and
voltage
measurement, regulator, blocking in case
of low voltage, delay in thyristors firing
instant and smoothing of the control
signal.

IEEE EXCITATION SYSTEMS

Power system stabilizer

Terminal
voltage
transducer
compensation elements

Field controlled DC commutator exciter with

continuously setting regulators

Field controlled alternator rectifier excitation

system

High initial response field controlled alternatorrectifier excitation system

Field controlled alternator rectifier system

and

load

Alternator supplied controller rectifier excitation

system

Potential source controlled rectifier excitation

system

Compound source rectifier excitation system

Compound source controlled rectifier excitation

system

Excitation Limiters (under- and overexcitation

Limiters)

model

for

governor

speed-governor

BOILER

SVC

FACTS

HVDC SYSTEMS

Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)

HVDC network model (two terminals link)

Inter-phase Power Cpntroller (IPC)

Thyristor
(TCSC)

Diesel Engine

Voltage regulator with exciter model (AVR+PSS)

For rectifiers and inverters :

- converter firing and current controller;current order limiter ;
- extinction angle controller ;
- master controller ;
- power frequency controller ;
- load tap changer controller

Classical thermal, nuclear and hydraulic unit

governor and energy system model

Gas turbines model

Controlled

Series

Compensator

OTHERS

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

PHYSICAL MODELS - DATA

HVDC systems
Direct current links can be accurately modelled in EUROSTAG in order to simulate
multiterminal and dissymetrical HVDC systems.
The static modelling considered in the initial flow programme allows different control
modes :

three on the DC side (voltage control, current control, power control),

and two on the AC side (minimization of reactive consumption, AC voltage

adjustment)

The modelling used in the dynamic simulation programme is based on the concept of
coupled macroblocks, specific to EUROSTAG, which allows either to use the
standard models of the library or to modify them according to the needs of the user.
The model enables to explore the dynamic performance of a system for load
changes, for switching of capacitors and reactors, for load rejection, for recovery
from AC and DC faults and commutation failure, and for investigation of control for
enhancing the performance of the power system (damping of active power and
frequency oscillations).
The DC system is made of two parts :

the conversion stations(at least two) and their associated controllers,

the DC network.

The controllers of one converter consist generally in the following five elements :
the converter firing and current controller,
the current order limiter,
the extinction angle controller,
the master controller, governing the power flow on the DC system,
and the load tap changer controller.
Standard models are available in the macroblocks library.

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

PHYSICAL MODELS - DATA

Unsymmetrical conditions
The introduction in EUROSTAG of unsymmetrical modelling allows the study
of power system dynamics including unsymmetrical disturbances or
conditions. Realistic and complex scenarios can be simulated or reproduced
without the usual approximations.
Typical applications are :

study of power system dynamics following unsymmetrical disturbances;

short circuit calculation including unlimited simultaneous unsymmetrical

conditions;

relay protection scheme studies.

Power system modelling

A Fortescue decomposition is used and requires positive, negative and
zero sequence data for :

the lines : model for the 3 sequences with zero sequence mutual
coupling data;

the load and compensation devices : the inverse and zero sequence
data are of impedance type;

the transformers : the negative sequence model is identical to the

positive sequence one, with a conjugate ratio. The zero sequence
model is either the classical model (two windings or autotransformer,
tertiary winding available, forced or free fluxes), or the generic
transformer (unsymmetrical scheme per tap). The windings are delta
or star connected, grounded through impedances or not;

the serial element : as a line without shunt element, dedicated to the

serial compensation modelling;

the machines (generators and induction motors) : the inverse torque is

taken into account in the positive electric torque calculation. The
negative and zero sequences are impedances.

Unsymmetrical subsystem embedded into balanced system

The power system can be splitted into one or more Fortescue areas,
modelled in detail, and non Fortescue areas, including only the positive
sequence data. This allows to save computation time and data
management efforts, while keeping the required accuracy.

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

PHYSICAL MODELS - DATA

Events associated to unsymmetrical conditions
Multiple disturbances can be applied simultaneously.:

GENERAL LATERAL FAULT SCHEME

Phase 1

The fault is specified by the switch

positions and the impedance values.
It allows line to line and line to ground
faults.

Phase 2
Phase 3
Z3

Z2

Z1

Connection node
Z

Ground

PHASE OPENING AND CLOSING

Node 1

Node 2

Phase 1

One breaker per phase on both ends

of each branch

Phase 2
Phase 3

UNSYMMETRICAL SERIAL ELEMENT

This event allows to study for instance

a serial compensated line during
faulted conditions, with a non linear
resistance influence

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Z1

Phase 1

Z2

Phase 2

Z3

Phase 3

Post-processor
The EUROSTAG post-processor offers a full access to the voltage, flows and fault currents
per phase or per component (negative, positive, zero) on the whole network.
4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

THE EVENTS

Any incident, manoeuvre or process command happening during a

simulation is called an event. An event may be either defined before the
simulation begins, or generated by the programme itself through the tripping
of an automaton, or introduced interactively by the user during the
simulation. The list of events includes the following :
short-circuits :
case of the impedance-free short-circuit (at a node - on a line);
short-circuit with impedance (at a node - on a line).
closing and tripping of lines or transformers , breakers;
coupling and tripping of generators;
generator synchronization and motor start-up;
network resynchronization;
modification of active and reactive loads including loads modelized as
asynchronous motors:
load variation
modification of time load evolution
process control : modification of set points in controllers;
modification of tap transformer;
modification of ULTC transformer;
modification to banks and their protective devices;
modification of an automatic device parameter or state;
exporting of the linearized system;
fault clearance.

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

PACKAGE OVERVIEW
A EUROSTAG run is generally performed in three main steps : Data
Preparation, Simulation, and Results Analysis. Each of them is made of the
following modules.

The computation modules of the main three steps

DATA PREPARATION
DATA
CONVERSION
(IEEE format
PSS/ E format)

GRAPHIC PREPROCESSOR
FOR DYNAMIC
MODEL INPUT

ONE LINE
EDITOR FOR
NETWORK DATA
MANAGEMENT

GRAPHIC
DATA EDITION

LIBRARY

COMPUTATION
COMPUTATION MODULE

LOAD
FLOW

INTERACTIVE
DYNAMIC
SIMULATION

EIGENVALUE
COMPUTATION AND
EXPORTING OF THE
LINEARIZED SYSTEM

BATCH DYNAMIC
SIMULATION

AUTOMATIC CLEARING TIMES

RESULTS
ANALYSIS
LOAD FLOW
AND DYNAMIC
SIMULATION
RESULTS ON
ONE LINE
DIAGRAMS

USERS
DEFINED
TABULAR
AND CURVE
OUTPUTS

GRAPHIC
POSTPROCESSOR
FOR RESULTS
ANALYSIS

EXPORT
OF
RESULTS

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

PACKAGE OVERVIEW

DATA PREPARATION
Editing simulation data
A dedicated EUROSTAG module is devoted to a user-friendly edition of all the simulation
data : the load-flow data (topology, load, generation, network parameters, ...), the dynamic
data (characteristics of generators and motors, type and parameters of the controllers,
nature of the loads, ...) and the parameters of the simulated scenario (time of events, type
of short circuits, trippings, eigenvalues computations,etc ...).
This edition programme is designed allows an easy access to the EUROSTAG formatted
data files :

it allows the user to ignore the structure of the files (column, position, format, ...) and
avoids any syntactic error;

through a functional grouping of the data, and an explicit definition, it offers a structured
and aided data entry;

it allows a cross-access between the relevant files by means of a list of proposed

elements.

Interactive graphic pre-processor for modelling

The graphic pre-processor enables the user to get rid of FORTRAN coding, if he wants to
create his own models called "macroblock". In the first stage of the macroblocks
description, the block diagram of the model is built up graphically and in an interactive way
by means of a catalogue of elementary blocks (summer, relays, time constants...).
The topology of the diagram is then given. Finally, the parameters and initial values are
defined by either numerical values or by a second (algebraic) block diagram which is only
solved during the initialization phase of the simulation.
This procedure is of great help to the engineer who has to design or modify a controller,
avoiding any modification of the computer programme. This graphic model input can also
be used to design such components as SVC or DC links or special loads.

Data Conversion
The Data Conversion module enables to convert data from IEEE format or PTI format
(release 26) to EUROSTAG format.
Most of models from PTI are converted, as well load flow files as dynamic files.

Compliance with Windows tools

The Windows version of EUROSTAG is fully compliant with various tools available under
this environment: spreadsheet, word or image processing
In particular all the graphical schemes generated by the EUROSTAG package can be
saved under the Extended Meta File (.emf) format and transfered to any tool that supports
this format.
4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

PACKAGE OVERVIEW

One Line Diagram Editor

The One Line Diagram Editor allows the user to draw a schematic view of the network and
to access the physical data of the main components.

drawing the one line diagram

The basic element is the electric node. The lines, transformers and coupling devices
connect the nodes. Components such as generators or capacitors banks are connected
to the nodes.

accessing to the physical data

The load flow data (bus, line, transformer, capacitors, etc) can be directly managed
from the one line diagram : the dedicated displays of the Editing simulation data module
(see above) are directly accessed, for an efficient data engineering.

Running the Load-Flow programme

The Load-Flow programme can be launched from the One Line Diagram Editor.
The key results (voltages, flows ) are automatically displayed on the diagram.
This Load-Flow programme is the same as the one encapsulated within the main
computation module of EUROSTAG.

The load flow computation

This part of the computation module is a Load-Flow calculation based on the NewtonRaphson method. It produces a detailed listing of the voltage map and a binary file which is
used in the initialization phase of the simulation. DC representation is available.
The load flow programme can read the voltage initial values included in the data file. This
feature makes easier the dialog between EUROSTAG and other power system analysis
programmes or packages.

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

PACKAGE OVERVIEW

The dynamic simulation computation

This part of the computation module is in fact the algorithmical core of the software. The
study of power system dynamics requires the solving of a large algebraic and differential
system. The differential part comes from the machines and the controls equations, and the
algebraic part originates essentially from the network equations.
The integration technique which is used is a predictor-corrector method in Nordsiecks
formalism. The user does not have to think about the time step value, he or she just
specifies the accuracy requirements. The integration step automatically increases or
decreases according to a truncation error, which is compared to the given accuracy.
Power systems are the site of numerous discontinuities; a crude technique for dealing with
them would be to re-initialize the integration process whenever a discontinuity occurs. This
would lead to prohibitive computation times. We have thus developed a numerical
procedure which combines effective treatment of discontinuities and computational
performance.
The simulation is designed to be run interactively.
The man-machine interface is organized in two graphical zones: one is an animated chart
for displaying various physical variables (voltage, mechanical torque, frequency, ) and the
other is a logbook window that receives the messages and alarms generated during the
simulation.
Any kind of event can be created through user friendly menus during the simulation.
A batch mode does also exist.

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

PACKAGE OVERVIEW

SIMULATION
Eigenvalue computation and exporting of the linearized system
The eigenvalue calculation, provided along the system trajectory, is a powerful tool to check
the stability of new controllers. It is limited to medium size systems.
A linearized system export function is also available for further processing in standard
linear systems analysis packages.
This function initiates the linearization of the nonlinear mathematical model numerically
integrated during the simulation, and supplies the Jacobean matrix (derivatives of the
functions with respect to the state variables).
The linearized system is memorized in sparse form in a user identified file.
Three types of linearized output are available :

complete system (algebraic and differential functions) in the format of the most standard
software of the market;

or complete system (algebraic and differential functions) in ASCII format;

or reduced system (differential functions after elimination of the algebraic state variables)
in ASCII format.

A complementary file makes it possible to know the meaning of the variables.

Automatic fault clearing times computation

A module makes possible the automatic determination of the fault clearing times.
This search is performed by a dichotomic procedure which reduces a user-supplied starting
interval.
Each step of the dichotomic search is performed by the automatic run of the main simulation
software.
An automat detects the stable or unstable state of the system.

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

PACKAGE OVERVIEW

RESULTS ANALYSIS
Post-processor for results analysis
The graphic post-processor makes easier both the interpretation of results and the
editing of reports. Zooming, curves comparison, superposition, change of scales,
elimination of time, etc enables a spontaneous approach of the result analysis.
Any variable can be plotted, it is for example possible to look at all the elementary block
outputs, without needing to declare a priori which variables will be observed.
However, the size of the output files is not huge, because state variables are the only
variables to be stored. All other variables are re-calculated in the post-processor.
Advanced layout can be designed by choosing fonts and curves shapes or adding
comments and footers,
Some additional features such as command files allow important time savings. They
replace repetitive tasks : the sequences of commands are recorded when applied to a
given case, and can be automatically replayed on another case.
IMPORT functions are provided to compare EUROSTAG results with external quantities
such as measures, results of other programmes, etc...
EXPORT functions allow to integrate EUROSTAG results in packages such as
spreadsheets .
As for the other modules, the Extended Meta File is available on the Windows environment
and allows to enerate graphical copies of charts and pages.

Users defined tabular and curve outputs

A dedicated module allows the user to get a synthetic view of the results. It generates
tables of EUROSTAG results associated to a given instant, or a given time range, or
curves. In each table or set of curves, the results of a type of system component (node,
branch, generators, motor, ...) are given for a list of these components. This list is built by
the user through specific filters, for instance critical thresholds.
The user can access all types of simulation results, including interface variables,
macrolanguage block outputs, characteristics of the equipment, etc... Mathematical
operations are possible, and output in ASCII format can be used in spreadsheets.
This tool allows an easy and fast processing of large power systems results.

Results on One Line Diagrams

The load fow and dynamic results can be displayed on the one line diagrams. The filtering
mechanisms offered by the "User defined tabular outputs" module can be used to issue
only the relevant results. Colouring features allow to emphasize chosen ranges of values.

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

HADWARE CONFIGURATION

WORKSTATION CONFIGURATION
EUROSTAG is available on different workstation types. The list of supported
hardware, operating systems and associated minimal configurations for
EUROSTAG Release 4.3 is the following.

Manufacturer

O.S.

Memory

Disk Swap Space

HP

HP-UX 11.x

256 MB

512 MB

Screen :
Minimum screen resolution: 1024 x 768 pixels

Remarks :
The software is delivered on a CD ROM.
Processor 400 MHz at least
The printing of the results requires a postscript printer,
Disk space necessary for the storing of the data and results : between 50
MB and 1 GB, depending on the use and the number of the users.

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

HADWARE CONFIGURATION

PC CONFIGURATION

Prerequisite :
The hardware components must comply with the Microsoft documents
"Windows Hardware Compatibility test" for Windows NT, 2000, XP.

Minimum requirement :

Model

PC with Pentium processor

O.S.

Windows /NT 4.0/2000/XP (English Version)

Memory

at least 256 Mbytes

Hard disk

60 Mbytes for EUROSTAG software

Floppy disk

3- disk drive

CD-Rom drive :

Compulsory

Network Card

Compulsory

Screen

At least : 1024 x 768 pixels

Remarks :

The printing of the results requires a windows compatible printer .

Disk space necessary for the storing of the data and results : between
50 MB and 1 GB, depending on the use.
Running EUROSTAG requires to install a FlexLm licensing mechanism
whose configuration depends on the type of licence (Node-locked or
Floating). The configuration tools are included in the delevery process.

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

DIMENSIONS

The standard provided executable code allows the simulation of Power

Systems with the following dimensions :

8 000 state variables;

3 000 buses;
4 000 branches;
1 000 automata;
3 000 macroblocks;
500 generators;
600 induction motors;
1000 dynamic injectors.

Other (larger) dimensions are available on request.

DOCUMENTATION

Two complete sets of manuals are provided with the executable code.
The documentation consists in following manuals, all written in English :
EUROSTAG software theory;
EUROSTAG Users manuals.

TUTORIAL

The EUROSTAG tutorial is composed of a manual accompanied by the data

files of the proposed exercises.
This tutorial has two main functions :
It allows the beginner to become familiar with and gradually master the
steps for operating the software and defining the models or data.
basic knowledge of static and dynamic stability modelling of network
components is required.
It clarifies and teaches new functions for the user who is familiar with all or
a section of EUROSTAG.

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

NEW FEATURES OF EUROSTAG 4.3

The following text is the description of the new features of EUROSTAG 4.3
with respect to EUROSTAG 4.2.
These specifications complete, and replace in case of contradiction, the
specifications given here above and corresponding to the previous release
EUROSTAG 4.2.

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

NEW FEATURES OF EUROSTAG 4.3

Modeling aspects

Dispersed generation
a

Wind turbines

Wind turbine coupled with an asynchronous generator

- with pitch control
- with stall control

Variable-speed wind turbine with direct driven synchronous generator

- PMG (Permanent Magnet Generator)

Wind turbine coupled with DFIG (Double Fed Induction Generator)

(variable speed)

Modeling aspects

Dispersed generation
a

windturb

Wind turbines

DFIG

M15

interro
regdfig

reconne

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

NEW FEATURES OF EUROSTAG 4.3

Modeling aspects
Aero-derivative turbines (40 MW range)

Validated Rowen model

Includes:
a

Texh(Pel) modeled by a piecewise function and corrected by

Tamb

Governor droop behavior

Fuel control system

Acceleration limiter activated in case of close located fault

Modeling aspects
Aero-derivative turbines (25 MW range)

Validated thermodynamic model

Includes:
a

One step compression, two step expansion

Fuel and IGV control

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

NEW FEATURES OF EUROSTAG 4.3

Modeling aspects
Local generation
Micro-turbine model
Combustion gas
recuperator
exchanger

Alternator
HF+converter
AC/DC/AC

Compressor

Electricity
(400V, 50 Hz)

Gas
Supervision and command system

Air

Soundproofed unit

Modeling aspects
Local generation
Micro-turbine model
a

Includes:

Primary frequency control Power reference

Voltage control mode Reactive current reference
Speed Controller
DC link interface

Mode of operation: island or grid operation (validated on test

recordings)

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

NEW FEATURES OF EUROSTAG 4.3

Modeling aspects
Local generation

Photovoltac model

Modeling aspects
Local generation
Photovoltac model
a

Includes:

Solar array feeding

DC capacitor
power conditionner (chopper, DC capacitor and inverter)

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

NEW FEATURES OF EUROSTAG 4.3

Modeling aspects
Local generation
a

Photovoltac model

Impact of temperature and incoming solar radiation on output voltage

Pmax tracking point
Constant DC voltage control through a chopper
Inverter DC/AC to connect to the grid
Current control
Voltage control

Modeling aspects
Local generation
Fuel cell model related to a SOFC system
a

Includes:

Power section (fuel cells) that generates the electrical power

(constant DC voltage)
Power conditioner that converts DC power to AC power output
Current control
Voltage control
Frequency control

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

NEW FEATURES OF EUROSTAG 4.3

Modeling aspects
FACTS
D-SMES

2.4 H superconducting coil

DC bus

Voltage converter

Coupling transformer

UP: network voltage

1.53 MJ magnetic energy

2.5 MW during 0.6 s; 3/6/8 MVA

V: inverter output 480V

Iacc

VOLTAGE CONVERTER
(INVERTER PWM/ IGBT)
Vdc

Idc1

Idc

Energy stored: 1230 Adc

a

Associated
capacitor

X: leakage reactance
of the transformer

Idc2

CHOPPER

Vs

Is

Cryostat
SUPERCONDUCTING
COIL

Modeling aspects
FACTS

STATCOM
Similar structure
to D-SMES
without accumulated
active energy

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

NEW FEATURES OF EUROSTAG 4.3

Modeling aspects
Simplified HVDC model

Derive from the full HVDC model currently available

Simplification of the converter equations (identical in steady
state to load flow converter equations)
Reduction of the state variable
Increase of the model robustness with respect to severe
disturbance located near the converters
Includes the OLTC and capacitor bank converter
transformers (constant firing angle and constant Q balance)

Modeling aspects
Load model of Distribution type
N

NLOAD

ND

MOTEUR
NLOAD
BANK
C:\us ers \m erckx\tes t s _4_3\m gbis \tes t.nwk

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

NEW FEATURES OF EUROSTAG 4.3

Modeling aspects
Load model of Distribution type

Load characterized by:

a

Transformer loading

Feeder voltage droop

Induction motor loading

Proportion between resistive and rotating load

OLTC time constant

Modules evolution
Data conversion

New .dta format (new load model) -> automatic conversion

New IEEE conversion (detailed transformers)

New PSS/E conversion (PSS/E format supported up to 29 )

Overall load evolution

Extended modification of machines and/or macroblocks

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

NEW FEATURES OF EUROSTAG 4.3

Modules evolution
Model Editor

Grouped compilation of several macroblocks

Enhanced search : input variables, output variables,

parameters, initial value

Tooltips help for initial value definition

Modules evolution
Computation module

Load flow
a

Option to inhibit all the regulating transformers

Dynamic simulation :
New machine model : DFIG
a New event : DFIG stator connection/deconnection
a New automaton : triggering the DFIG connection/deconnection
a New event : algorithm parameters modification
a Energization of an area by starting a generator
a

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

NEW FEATURES OF EUROSTAG 4.3

Modules evolution
Post-Processor
Access to :

The reference frequency at node

Modulus and angle of the composed voltage at node

Markers on a curve
Arrows in chart to improve the presentation
Several time elimination curves on the same chart
Vertical alignment of the charts
User's and exported observables defined in the working units

Modules evolution
Tabular Output

Access to :
a

the reference frequency at node

the active and reactive losses on the branches

the rated current of the branches

the area of the node connected to a generator

the active and reactive power of the banks

the free attributes of all equipments

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

NEW FEATURES OF EUROSTAG 4.3

Miscellaneous

Windows graphical interface behaviour :

a

Leaving all the windows with the

or ALT-F4

No Do you (really) want to quit ? anymore

In the file selection box, files are listed regardless of the case

Error windows stay in front of the main window

Contextual menu behaviour

Data model
a

Free attributes for all equipments

Miscellaneous

Saving in a .EMF file

a

Network Editor : network

Model Editor : schemes and set of parameters

Post-Processor : pages and charts

Tabular Output : tables

All print and .EMF saving are with Eurostag logo

Printing of the output-listing (load flow, simulation)

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS