Roll No.

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Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
B.Tech. Degree Examinations May 2014
Fourth Semester
Mechanical Engineering

MEC222 Fluid Mechanics and Machinery

Time: Three hours

Maximum: 100 Marks

Answer all questions
(Use of necessary tables & charts permitted)

1. A thin 40 cm40 cm flat plate is pulled at 2 m/s horizontally through a 3.6 mm thick
oil layer sandwiched between two plates, one stationary and the other moving at a
constant velocity of 0.3 m/s as shown in the figure given below. The dynamic
viscosity of the oil is 0.027 Pa.s. Assuming the velocity in each oil layer to vary
linearly, (a) plot the velocity profile and find the location where the oil velocity is
zero and (b) determine the force that needs to be applied on the plate to maintain
this motion.
(Marks 10)

2. A multi-fluid container is connected to a U-tube, as shown in the figure. For the

given specific gravities and fluid column heights, determine the gage pressure at A.
Also determine the height of mercury column that would create the same pressure at
A.
(Marks 5)

3. The dam in the figure below is a quarter circle 50 m wide into the paper. Determine
the horizontal and vertical components of the hydrostatic force against the dam.
Determine the magnitude, direction and line of action of the resultant hydrostatic
force. Through a neat figure, show how the point CP where the resultant strikes the
dam can be located.
(Marks 10)

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4. (a) Explain how particle image velocimetry can be applied in flow visualization.
(Marks 5)
(b) A steady, incompressible, two-dimensional velocity field is given by
Where the x and y coordinates are in meters and the magnitude of velocity is in m/s.
Determine if there are any stagnation points in this flow field and if so, where they
are. Calculate the x and y components of the acceleration at the point (x=2m, y=3
m)
(Marks 5)
5. (a) Air enters a nozzle steadily at 2.21 kg/m3 and 45 m/s and leaves at 0.762 kg/m3
and 150 m/s. If the inlet area of the nozzle is 80 cm 2, determine (i) the mass
flow rate through the nozzle, and (ii) the exit area of the nozzle.
(Marks 5)
(b) A tank 1m1m has a 1.2 cm diameter mouthpiece at the side. When the head of
water over the mouthpiece is 0.8 m, it is discharging freely to the atmosphere.
Determine the flow rate and the pressure at the vena contracta. Assume that the
velocity coefficient of the mouth piece to be 0.95.
(Marks 5)
6. A turbine is set 40 m below the water level of a reservoir and is fed by a 60 cm
diameter pipe. A short pipe of 45 cm diameter discharges the water from the turbine
to the atmosphere. (i) Neglecting friction, estimate the power extracted by the
turbine when the discharge is 0.8 m3/s. (ii) If the total frictional loss of 10 m is
assumed and the turbine efficiency is 85%, estimate the power output. (Marks 10)

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7. Determine the maximum discharge of water that can be carried without cavitation by
a horizontal 100 mm 50 mm venturimeter, which has a coefficient of discharge of
0.95. The inlet pressure is 10 kPa (gage), vapour pressure of water is 4 kPa (abs)
and the local atmospheric pressure is 96 kPa (abs).
(Marks 5)
8. A discharge of 0.06 m3/s flows through a horizontal bend as shown the figure given
below. Note that at point 2 discharge occurs into the atmosphere. Calculate the
force on the bolts in section 1.
(Marks 10)

9. Two reservoirs with a difference in water surface elevation of 10 m are connected by

a pipeline ABC which consists of two pipes of AB and BC joined in series. Pipe AB is
10 cm in diameter, 20 m long and has a value of f=0.02. Pipe BC is of 16 cm in
diameter, 25 m long and has an f= 0.018. The junctions with the reservoirs and
between the pipes are abrupt. Calculate the discharge. (Include all minor losses).
(Marks 10)
10. A reaction turbine works at 450 rpm under a head of 115 m. The diameter of the
inlet is 1.2 m and the flow area is 0.4 m2. At the inlet, the absolute and relative
velocities make angles of 20 and 60 respectively with the tangential velocity.
Determine (i) hydraulic efficiency. Assume the velocity of whirl at the outlet to be
zero.
(Marks 10)
11. The discharge Q over a small rectangular weir is known to depend upon the head H
over the weir, the weir height P, gravity g, width of the weir L and fluid property
density , dynamic viscosity and surface tension . Express the relationship
between the variables in dimensionless form.
(Marks 10)

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