Turkish Verbs

Modification
Meaning
Negative
Passive

Causative
Reflexive
Mutual action
g
ormek
g
or
usmek
g
or
usu
lmek
g
or
ust
urmek
g
or
ust
ur
ulmek

Suffix
Use
-meFor general tense only, add -mez
-nStems ending in vowels
-ilStems ending in consonants other than l
-inStems ending in l
-dirMost verbs
-tStems ending in a vowel
-itStems ending in s or c
-in... to yourself
-is... to each other
to see
giymek
to see one another or to converse
giyinmek
to be conversed about
giyindirmek
to make to converse with one another
giyindirilmek
to be made to converse with one another
giyindirildirmek

to
to
to
to
to

wear clothes
dress oneself
dress someone else
be dressed by someone else
be forced to be dressed by someone else

Conjugation
1. Drop -mek from the infinitive to get the stem.
2. Modify for meaning, as above
3. Select the tense and
Tense
Present
General (Aorist)
Future
mis-past
di-past
Necessity
Conditional
Subjunctive

append something:
Append
Meaning
-(i)yor
Actions happening right now I am writing (now).
-(i)rThings generally true I am a writer.
-(y)ecekActions that will happen
-misPresent state caused by past action,
or things the speaker is reporting without having seen.
-diBoth simple past did and past perfect have done
-meliActions that must, or should, be taken
-seIf .... (with non-simple moods, expresses
unfulfilled conditions, hopeless wishes of the past, etc.)
-eNo statement of fact, things that might happen or have happened
(with non-simple moods, expresses unfulfillable past wishes,
or quotes of those expressions)

4. Select the mood and append something:

Mood
Append
Simple
Past
-idiConditional
-isePast conditional
-idi- + -isiInferential
-imisInferential conditional
-imis- + -ise-

Conjugation pattern
I (mostly)
II
II
II
I
II

5. Apply the appropriate conjugation ending:

-im
-iz
Type I
-sin
-siniz
Type II
-(dir)
-(dir)ler

-m
-n
-

-k
-niz
-ler

Type III

-eyim
-eyin
-e

-elim
-esiniz
-eler

6. Entire pattern:
Present
General (aorist)
Future
mis-past
di-past
Necessity
Conditional
Subjunctive
Participles
Present
Aorist
Future
mis-past
di-past
To be
idim
idin
idi

Simple
-(i)yor + I
-ir + I
-ecek + I
-mis + I
-di + II
-meli + I
-se + I
-e + III

-(i)yordi
-irdi
-ecekti
-misti
-diydi
-meliydi
-seydi
-edi

Past
+ II
+ II
+ II
+ II
+ II
+ II
+ II
+ II

Conditional
-(i)yorse + II
-irse + II
-ecekse + II
-misse + II
-diyse + II

-en
g
oren = seeing (right now)
-ir
g
or
ur = seeing (in general)
-ecek
g
orecek which-will-be-seen
-mis
g
orm
us = seen
-dik
g
or
ulmedik = extraordinary (unseen)
past pos
To be
past neg
idik
de
gildim
de
gildik
idiniz
de
gildin
de
gildiniz
idiler
de
gildi
de
gildiler

Past conditional
-(i)yordise + II
-irdise + II
-ecektiyse + II
-mis idiyse + II
-di idiyse + II

Imperative

-[y]in
-sin

Inferential
-(i)yormis + I
-irmis + I
-ecekmis + I
-mis imis + I

-meliymis + I
-seymis + I
-eymis + I

-[y]iniz
-sinler

Ability (to be able to ...)

Append this to the stem:
-[y]ebilmek
with bilmek conjugated some way

Inferential conditional
-(i)yormisse + II
-irmisse + II
-ecekmisse + II
-mis imisse + II