a

Mary goes to a flea market.

h b j ? t \

% 7 l ] - :

TA3*tt,

rhia

L\(h

Mearii

Sumimasen.

Kore wa

ikura desu ka.

Mise no hito
#IA

sanzen en desu.

c~:'.(. bj,~ ha
~ z~u ~~\ t a~
L \ { ,c; ~ j - - h > ,

Mearii

Takai desu ne.

A*a)'CTZ :':

&&l2 3 A e t t L * t h

Mise no hito

Are

'1

1,

~
wa

ano tokee wa

Jaa,

< ;2hTT,

k 3 TTh., &$LS f < h . ~ \ T $ & ,

Mearii

Soo desu ka.

a*GT)p?f
:
*

&

'

*
Kore wa

takai desu ne.

Are rno

T 2~
h T~T kP o

&

senhappyaku en desu yo.

>

EP&, + c 3 Z I j t \ 2
Jaa,

A man finds

sono tokee

( t : 3 b ~ ~

kudasai.

wallet on t h e ground.

Lh2L't.W

r b t d -f:ihcr,

3c\,iaTT

Shiranai hito

Kore wa dare no

saifu desu ka.

&

&

'

ikura desu ka.

sanzengohyaku en desu.

%7")-:

7 % 7 l ] - :
Mearii

Sore wa

r b

Mise no hito

qjfita L L ~ F A L L T ~ - ,

% ~ j - :

&3

'I

-r~h~,

%Ti)-:

b?zLG3 $ ~ \ ~ i a T - j - ~

Mearii

Watashi no

a&> !I h"

saifu dew.

Z 2 " ~ * ~-j-,
\&

Arigatoo gozai masu.

@ After shopping, Mary goes to a restaurant.

i L L Z f z - ?

5'~-b
Ueetoresu

k X :

L + L \ ~ - @% ~= Z L - ~

~ \ ( , q
I rasshaimase.

Menyuu o

Z"-j Fo
doozo.

2
3
4
5
6

7
8

W o r d s

T h a t

P o i n t
kore

* r#t
* .ih
* a%jh

sore

are

that one
that one (over there)

* Y h

dore

which one

a
* %!a

kono

this . . .

sono

that . . .

a no

that

this one

z-0

dono

. . . (over these)
which . . .

* ibf t
Yr
* 7't'r$z

aso ko

over there

doko

dare

where
who

oishii

delicious

sakana

fish

tonkatsu

pork cutlet

niku

meat

menyuu

menu

yasai

vegetable

enpitsu

pencil.

kasa

umbrella

kaban

saif u

bag
shoes
wallet

jiinzu

jeans

jisho

dictionary

jitensha

bicycle

shinbun

newspaper

teepu

tape

tokee

watch; clack

toreenaa

sweat shirt

F o o d

* ~.L\LL\

kutsu

* Words

that appear in the dialogue

nooto

notebook

Pen
booshi

pen
hat; cap

hon

book

otearai

restroom

kissaten

cafe

gin koo

bank
library
post office

P l a c e s

toshokan
yuubinkyoku

Counf r i e s

Kankoku

U.S.A.
Britain
Korea

Chuugoku

China

keezai

economics

konpyuutaa

computer

bijinesu

business

rekishi

history

okaasan

mother
father

Amerika

Igirisu

otoosan

M o n e y

M a f t e r s

* L\( 1;

ikura

how much

. . . en

. . . yen

takai

expensive

E x p r e s s i o n s
* L \ & - L + L \ ~ * irasshaimase
Welcome (to our store)
* (- & )
-j-( . . . 0) onegaishimasu. . . , please.
( . . . O ) kuda~ai Please give me . . .
* ( - 2 ) < f<S&\
* t"~a&,
jaa
then . . . ; if that is the

* (-4)
?!9 -P
* Z*? %

. . 01

doorno

doozo

case, . . .
Here it is.
Thank you.

What do we do when we want to talk about things that we do not know the names of?
We say "this thing," "that one," and so forth- In Japanese, we use kwe, sore, and are.

b-c$-hS,

t&la

LX

Kore wa

ikura desu ka.

Haw much is this?

Tht

5Aeh2&T$,
Sore w a

~ 3,000 yen.

sanzen en desu.

Kore refers to a thing that is close to you, the speaker ("this thing here"). Sore is
something that is close to the person you are talking to ("that thing in front of you"), and
are refers to a thing that is neither close to the speaker nor the listener ("that one over
there").
-:

ZjklA

bkta

Kore wa

watashi no

x.

&+Ltd

kJ7L;LQl +=/TTD

Are wa

watashi no

pen desu.

~ 7 T j - ,
pen dew.

L@ K ~ T T ,

+h12

btz

Sore wa

watashi no

pen desu.

There is also an expression dore for "which." Here we wiIl learn to use dore in sentences
like:

rs"ktT-j-&~,
Dore desu ka.

Which one is it (that you are talking about)?

In this lesson, we will not explore the full extent to which the word dore can be put to use,
because there is a slight complication with question words like dore, Question words like
dwe and mni cannot be followed by the particle wa. Instead, you must use the particle
ga and say:
i
L

Z*&hz & Q f = c ? ~

*>feTh',

~ o r e g a anata no

pen desu ka.

Which m e is yoiw pen?

If you want ta be slightly more specific than kore, sore, and are, you can use kmo, s m o ,
and a m together with a n m . (Note here that the re series must always stand alone,
while the m series must always be folbwed by a noun.) Thus, if you know that the item
in your hand is a watch Ctokee), instead of:

h< T T & - o

Zt-lAd

Kore wa

ikura desu ka.

How much

jS

this?

you can say:

Z9Z&fW2
Kona tokee wa

L \ ( hT-j-&~o
ikura desu ka.

HOW much is this watch?

Similarly, if you are talking about a watch that is held by the person you are talking to,
you can say:

+ a r t-$~lta; x / - t ~ . ~ x / ; ? _ ~ ~ ~ - j - ~
Sono toke wa

sanzen en

That watch is 3,000 yen-

desu.

And if the watch is far from both the speaker and the listener, you can say:

& ~ r ) Z d ; f ~ \ 13&-85Lz*lP+
3
( RLTT,
Ano tokee wa

That watch over there is 3,500 y m .

sanzengohyaku en desu.

If you already know that one of several watches is 3,500 yen but do not know which, you
can say:

z * 9 r c 3 ~ \ 6~~h
Dono tokee ga

~ ~ / t + v + ( ; ? - ~w /~- ~r ~~ fwi ~u ,~

c ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u

sanzengohyaku en desu ka.

Since dono is a question word, just like dore discussed above, we cannot use the particle
wa with it; we must use ga.

To summarize:

zfi (fa-->

Z @ noun (Ig--)

close to the person speaking

33% (kt-)
(13~)

503 noun (la--)

603 noun (I$--)

close to the person listening

noun

(fj;-)

(fi5--)

far from both people

unknown

In Lesson 1, we learned how to say things like Mean? san no denwa bangoo (Mary's
phone number) and Takeshi san no okaasa~(Takeshi's mother). We now learn how to
ask who something belongs to. The question word for "who" is dare, and for "whose,"
we simply add the particle no.

+&la Z s r L o $ * I f A t f ,

z$%taiPr'#Lnh * t % t l T T h a o
Kore w a

dare no

kaban desu ka.

Sore wa

Suu san no

kaban desu.

That is Sue's bag.

Whose bag i s this?

We: will learn just one more ko-so-a-do set in this lessan: koko,soku,u s o h , and doko are
words for places.

here, near w.w

7 -

LL

?EZ

fhere, mar you

over there
where

$;kZ

EZ

You can ask far direti~rmsby saying:

TkS,2*A,

Ljp?ilF'A,41 ( I 3 Z * Z T T - ~ > E
~ x m e me, where is fhe post

Surnirnasen,

yuubinkyoku wa

office?

doko desu ka.

If you are close by, you can point toword the post office and say:

(@jZP*h$a { (3) &%tTT,

(Yuubinkyoku wa)

(The post office 5,)right over there.

asoko desu.

We will learn how to give more specific directions in Lesson 4.

In Lesson I, we learned how to say "Item A is this, item B is that." We now learn how
to say "Item A is this, and item B is this, too."

f=CTL 2 u

Takeshi san wa

it

tzx/c~,-c+"p,

Takahi is a Japanese person.

nihonjin desu.

& % r s A %i=~3ArLT-f0

Mkhiko i s Japanese, &.

Michiko san m r nihonjin desu.

Note that these two sentences are almost identical in shape- This is natural, as they both
claim that a certain person is Japanese. The second sentence, however, is different from
the first in that we do not find the particle wa in it. We have mo instead. Mo is a particle
that indicates that that item, too, has the given property. One thing that you should watch
out for is exactly where the particle is placed. In English, the word "too" can be placed
after the sentence as a whole, as in the example above. Not so in Japanese. In the above
example, mo must directly follow Michiko san.

-.---.
3

!A[ (
.
i, B .i - .
ra

..-..A

.----. ,

TF,
[ x i ?To
s

8
8

.----*

A is X.
BMisX.

4'

two items shared property'

To negate a statement of the farm X w a Y desa, where Y is a noun, you replace h

2
with ja apdmsn.

a &

Ji33E3Sttd h P ( i t ~ \ t " + & 9 3 - t S - h ol k & Y a m d a i s ~ o f a s t d ~ n f .

Yamada san w a

gakusee ja arimasen.

'We cannot use nao to describe a situation like the folIowing: Our friehd, Pat, has dud citizenship: Pat
is a Japanese, but at the same -time, she is an Americart To describe the second half of this situation,
we cannot say, P ~ t t om ~ m & a j k desas, because the sentence would mean that Pat, in addition to
sdmebady that has been mentioned, is an American- Neither cari we say, Pcaifu wza d a i b z m dem.
(Japanese speakers would say, Patto ma amdajivt dma nrkwases.)
'In the dialogues, there are two sentences that end with d m , which call for special attention: Are m
tdad dmtl we (That one too is expensive), and Oishii desas yo (It is delicious). These sentences cannot
be negated by replacing d m with ja a n h s e ~because
,
taka%'and okhii are not nouns. Are n%o takai
ju ~ ~ n w b p eand
tt
oiskii ja a d m are therefore not grammatical. Instead, m e would have to say
f~kaa
k r i m m and uishikzr a?+mmm.We will learn about the conjugation pattern of adjectives in
Lesson 5.

Ja in ja arimase~is a contraction of dewa. In written Japanese, the uncontracted form

is more common; thus, the above sentence more likely appears in writing as Yamada sari
wa gakusee dewa arimasex.
affirmative:

( X I$) Y F T o

negative:

(X

X & Y.

12) Y 6 8 9 %ePvQ

X i~ isnot Y.

Statements often end with the tags ne or yo, depending on the way fhe speaker views the
interaction with the listener. If the speaker is seeking the listener's confirmation or
agreement to what has been said, then ~ z s("right?") could be added.
7

r b

')-$&a - t k h % h & ,i:X/hs(

3
TTita,
Rii san no

senmon wa

sh13 i Kore wa

Ms.Lee,yourmaj~risliterature,~ght?

bungaku desu ne.

L'*&;&, 3a*x/h,

This is mt meat, is it?

niku ja arimasen ne.

Another particle, yo ("I tell you"), is added to a statement if the speaker wants to assure
the listener of what has been said. With yo added, a statement becomes an authoritative
decree.

Z h h > - l a S753QCeh!J 3 W d 0
Tonkatsu wa

sakana ja arimasen yo.

Let me assare you. "Tozkatsu" is not faSkt.

f

i > F ' l T

xrx;cshta . ~ T - ~ J Z L L T - ~ - . L ,
Surnisu san wa

igirisujin desu yo.

(In case you're wondering,) Mr. Smith is Brifish.

E x p r e s s i o n NO*.$@)

u.&SIfA,

(-&)<EeLlb ( . . . O) k z d h a i is "Please give me X." You can use it to

request (concrete) items in general.
(-&)ifi&fiqL\b%yb( . . . 01 megaishimmu too is a request for item X.
When used to ask for a concrete object, ( . . . 01 onegakhimu sounds
slightly more upscale than ( . . . o) kudcasai. Jt is heard often when ordering
food at a restaurant ("I will have . . ."I. ( . . . 01 o n e g a i s h h u can also be
used to ask for "abstract objects," such as repairs, explanations, and
understanding.

(-%)EjFb ( - - -

is used when an offer is made with respect to

item X. In the dialogue, the restaurant attendant uses it when she is about
to hand the menu to the customer. It may also be used when a person is
waiting for you to come forth with item X; a telephone operator, asking for
your name, would probably say Onanaae o doozo. (0is a politeness marker.
Therefore onamae is "your honorable name.")
0) doozo

On the pronunciation of number words b Note that the words for 300, 600,
800, 3,000 and 8,000 involve sound changes. "Counters" whose first sound is
h, like h y a h (hundred), generally change shape after 3, 6, and 8. Some
counters that begin with s, like sen (thousand), change shape after 3 and 8.
Refer to the table at the end of the volume.

Big numbers ) In addition to the digit markers for tens (juu), hundreds
(hyaku), and thousands (sen), which are found in Western languages as
welI, Japanese uses the marker for tens of thousands (man).Thus 20,000, for
example, is niman (=2 x 10,000), rather than rtiiuusm (=20 X 1,000). While
the next unit marker in Western languages is one milfion, Japanese
describes that number as 100 x 10,000, that is, hyakumun.
More complicated numbers can be considered the sums of smaller
numbers, as in the following examples.
234 567 = 23 x 10,000
4 X 1,000

z-xv

&3-

5X

6~
7

100
10

Is C 9 3 3 A

h/

br A,%!&
=Up <

3 < C tg~ 3
8Q

(nijuusanman)

(yonsen)
(gohyaku)
(rokujuu)
(nana)

@$3I; (Numbers)
I

100

?Ye<

200

t:v.i-.
nihyaku

tL

10,000

hyaku

sen

<

c=*X,

ichiman

20,000

nisen

4x3 A
niman

30,000 3 / t 3 / L
sanbyaku

400

sanman

<

1kV+
yonhyaku

500

L*Vr.
gohyaku

40,000 k k 2 &
yon rnan

<

50,000 Z*3. A
goman

G<*A
rappyaku

60,000 6

rokusen

700 Q Q V + {

QQ*#4,

nanahyaku

<

rokuman

70,000 Q Q 3 A

nanasen

nanaman

80,000 C;;S2;3k
happyaku

hachiman

woao

600 3 ~ ~ 5 V . t . {
kyuuhyaku

A. Read the following numbers. @

B. Look at the pictures and answer how much the things are.
. . -=

Example: Q :
Pen wa

L l ( bT-$-$xo
ikura desu ka.

Hachijuu en desu.

52

kyuuman

Ex.

X,

C. Pair Work-One

of you looks at picture A and the other looks at picture B

(p. 50). (Don't look at the other picture.) Find out the price of all items.

Example: A : R /I, V 0 7Cd L

Enpitsu wa

I3 : ve

< & TT &',

ikura desu ka.

< 2&T3-0

Hyaku en desu.

Picture A

A. Items (1)through (6)are near you, and items (7)

through (12) are near your friend.
Your friend asks what these things are. Answer the questions. Pay attention to
Z h (kore)and %h (sore).@
Example 1: Your friend :

Q AT-j-$k,
Sore wa

You : Z
Kore wa

nan desu ka.

x.

^:

-esTT,
pen desu.

Example 2: Your friend : :

)z (3 3 /Y Tf

Kore w a nan desu ka.

Z

You:

PL-j--T--$o
Sore wa

toreenaa

desu.

6. Look at the picture and tell what each building is. @

Example:

X/Tj*a,
Are wa

nan desu ka.

A : AhtA Z
Are wa

L a h*h'T$,

toshokan desu.

Ex.

C. Pair Work-Point out five things in the classroom and ask your partner what
they are using L f i (kore),5;tz(sore), or &fi (are). Refer to the picture on p. 53
for the vocabulary.

Example 2:

Example 1:

A : +jh.tl

A : & h i 3 QLT-j-fia,
Are wa

nan desu

ka.

Sore wa

B :t

Zif~\T-"p,
Are wa

tokee desu.

wa

Kore wa

QXIT-f*~,
nan desu ka.
%

~x=j-,
pen desu.

of you looks at card A and the other looks at card B (p. 51). Ask
and answer questions to find out the price of each item. Use ZC5, (kono),t c D

D. Pair Work-One

(sono), or

(ano)appropriately.

Example: Customer : L a &ak ti L ( L; TT h x ,

Kono hon wa

ikura desu ka.

<

Store attendant : i=+?ttVe z AT?,

Nisen

hyaku en desu.

Card A

Part I. You are a store attendant. Tell

the customer how much each item is.

Part 11. You are a customer. Ask for the

prices 'of items (1)-(5).

Pair Work-Point at each item below (picture A) and ask whose it is. Your partner
will refer to the picture B (p.52) and tell you who it belongs to.
Example: A : Z kz 43

fsfic3

Kore wa

dare no

hx ti. TT&.,
kasa desu ka.

n h l i b

B : $ 7 ' 1 - $ A @ ha5TT,
kasa desu.

Mearii san no

Picture A

Switch roles with your partner.

@B%ft";shr%
tjRIZhrl;hPf
Look at the pictures below and describe each picture. @

Ex. Japanese

Example:
Otoosan wa

nihonjin desu.

Sh*&3hS i
Okaasan mo

Mother

Father

S Z i S h t A G113X/t'h/T%
~

nihonjin desu.

(1) second year

(3) 22-years old

Mary

(4)

Tanaka

Takeshi

zG
fL\

(5) vegetable

tokee

Robert

(6) U. of London students

A. Look at the chart on the next page and answer t h e questions. @

a h & ? c r

ExampIe:

Q : 9711-$At3

1~13X,cX/-p$-$a,

Mearii san wa

& a h 1 r ) .

. C - i S X . C / Y L ' p & q a * ~ o p$I,fic/&T-j-,

A 2

nihonjin ja arimasen.

lie,

1.
2.

3-

nihonjin desu ka.

i:+C

Ak-? t 9 h t 3

-f;@

Takeshi san wa
4 I
Z B t:

chuugokujin desu ka.

7 % 73 UX/*C*-j-&.,
amerikajin desu

0 3 L f;*XI*~\l2
4 1 K h Y

4. a)<- 1. 3 A o
Robaato san no
t i

Suu

sari

no

6. f ~ 4 - f L 3 /;id
Takeshi san wa

ka.

fill"; ( ~ ~ T - g - 6 . 0

sensee wa

5. X - S h Q l

L'hCTh*,

& & ' I d .

Dl<--j
. 3 At3
Robaato san wa

Yamashita

Amerikajin desu.

kankokujin desu ka.

+!-A,%Ar2 ~ = & z & ~ * - p j - ~ ~ ~

senmon wa

nihongo desu ka.

+FL,& Al2 C - f ~ ~ F w p j - h ~ ~
senmon wa

keezai desu ka.

F ~ l t < b \ $ <(

Toozai daigaku no

$.. { *rlT-j-&h,
gakusee desu ka.

- 5 x/ta

r h h 1 L 1

7. 9 7 1)

& & E X .

F =/~"<LW
{ QI d 2 ( +k~>Tlrf-lr*,

n2

Mearii san wa

gakusee desu ka.

Rondon daigaku no

8. i?= C
j L 3 AE3 t z i Q k * ~ \ c i l " * k ~ ,
Takeshi san wa
-f i

ninensee desu ka.

xlta L ~ ~ ; & A + ? L \ T T & ~ ~

9. 2 - 3

Suu san w a
5

ichinensee desu ka.

10. a / < - -k 3 h i d
Robaato san wa

Nationality

School

tah*~~TTh~,
yonensee desu ka.

American

Japanese

U. of Arizona Tozai Univ.

Korean

Seoul Univ.

Major

Japanese

history

computer

Year

2nd year

4th year

3rd year

British

Japanese

U. of London Tozai Univ.

(Japanese
business
teacher)

4th year

B. Pair Work-Ask your partner whose belongings items (1) through (7) are. Your
partner will refer to the picture on t h e next page and answer the questions.
*

&

Example: A : Z h G d % 7 ' ) - 3 h @SL\,<~TT$~,

Mearii san no

Kore wa

saifu desu ka.

Mearii san no

lie,

A :

saifu ja arimasen.

6.

'I-~&cT)S~h,iXrfh~,
Rii san no

Kore wa
9

saifu desu ka.

b>

B : 2 2 , ')-SLa ~ L \ L S T - $ - ~
Ee,

Rii san no

saifu desu.

&

ajz

97')Mearii

&a@ #"Lh1/@ 3

@b

Yoo ko

(Review Exercises)

A. Role Play-One student is a store attendant. The other is a customer. Use

Dialogue I as a model.

B. Role Play-One student is a waiter/waitress. The other student goes to a

restaurant. Look at the menu below and order some food or drink, using
Dialogue II as a model.

Pair work @ C.
Example: A : 2 XlV9 tA t: ( l; T T h a ,
Enpitsu wa

Hyaku en desu.

ikura desu ka.

Pair Work @ D.
Example: Customer : z

13

63

Kono hon wa

l\
(

6 TT f i x o

ikura desu ka.

Store attendant : C=+X/iY+ ( Z hTT,

Nisen hyaku en desu.

Card B

Ex.

(3)

Part I. You are a customer. Ask for the

price of items (1)-(5).

Part 11. You are a store attendant. TeIl

the customer how much each item is.

Pair Work @)
Example:

A : LkLba fs#'L@ h'sTTi3',

Kore wa

dare no

K l & ' l t >

6 :%7'1-3/La
Mearii san no

kasa desu ka.

&+TTo
kasa desu.

Picture B

-f 5

2Suu

Takeshi

Mearii

Robaato

Yamashita sensee

Iln t h e

C l a s s r o o m

Useful Expressions
I understand./I understood.

b15.3 3 I# k,
Wakarimashita.

a%&,

&?$%!I

I don't understand./I don't know.

Wakarimasen.
@=I

rJ

Yukkuri

bh7-C ( ~
itte kudasai.

S S L ~ ~

& 9 ~6 Z*

Moo ichido

jtte kudasai.

~ f I{

f2-3L

L ~

Please speak slowly.

Please say it again.

G17Z 37T(?S3hl
Chotto

matte kudasai.

Please wait.

?-ba$g%

Making a Date

Mary and Takeshi are talking.

@ On Sunday morning, at Mary's host family's.