Documente Academic
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OPTICS
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A light wave of frequency 5 1014 Hz enters a medium of refractive index 1.5. In the medium the velocity of the
light wave is .... and its wavelength is ....
(1983, 2M)
A convex lens A of focal length 20 cm and a concave lens B of focal length 5 cm are kept along the same axis with
a distance d between them. If a parallel beam of light falling on A leaves B as a parallel beam, then d is equal to
..... cm.
(1985, 2M)
A monochromatic beam of light of wavelength 6000 in vacuum enters a medium of refractive index 1.5. In the
medium its wavelength is ..... its frequency is ....
(1985, 2M)
In Young's double slit experiment, the two slits act as coherent sources of equal amplitude A and of wavelength
of . In another experiment with the same set up the two slits are sources of equal amplitude A and wavelength
, but are incoherent. The ratio of the intensity of light at the mid point of the screen in the first case to that in
the second case is ....
(1986, 2M)
A thin lens of refractive index 1.5 has a focal length of 15 cm in air. When the lens is placed in a medium of refractive
index. 4/3, its focal length will become ... cm.
(1987, 2M)
A point source emits sound equally in all directions in a non-absorbing mediuim. Two points P and Q are at a
distance 9 m and 25 m respectively from the source. The ratio of amplitudes of the waves at P and Q is .....
(1989, 2M)
A slab of material of refractive index 2 shown in figure has a curved surface APB of radius of curvature 10 cm and
a plane surface CD. On the left of APB is air and on the right of CD is water with refractive indices as given in
the figure. An object O is placed at a distance of 15 cm from the pole P as shown. The distance of the final image
of O from P, as viewed from the left is ....
(1991, 2M)
n1 = 1.0 A
C
n2 = 2.0
n3 =
4
3
O
P
E
15cm
B
D
20cm
8.
A thin rod of length f/3 placed along the optic axis of a concave mirror of focal length f such that its image which
is real and elongated, just touches the rod. The magnification is ....
(1991, 1M)
9.
A ray of light undergoes deviation of 30 when incident on a equilateral prism of refractive index
10.
11.
12.
13.
2 . The angle
made by the ray inside the prism with the base of the prism is ....
(1992; 1M)
The resolving power of electron microsocope is higher than that of an optical microscope because the wavelength
of electrons is .... than the wavelength of visible light.
(1992, 1M)
If 0 and 0 are, respectively, the electric permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space, and the
corresponding quantitites in a medium, the index of refraction of the medium in terms of the above parameter is ....
(1992, 1M)
A slit of width d is placed in front of a lens of focal length 0.5 m and is illuminated normally with light of wavelength
5.89 107 m. The first diffraction minima on either side of the central diffraction maximum are separated by
2 103m. The width d of the slit is .... m.
(1997, 1M)
Two thin lenses, when in contact, produce a combination of power + 10 diopters. When they are 0.25 m apart, the
power reduces to + 6 diopters. The focal lengh of the lenses are ..... m and m.
(1997, 2M)
14. A ray of light is incident normally on one of the faces of a prism of apex angle 30 and refractive index
2 . The
(1997, 2M)
TRUE/FALSE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The intensity of light at a distance r from the axis of a long cylindrical source is inversely proportional or r.
(1981; 2M)
A convex lens of focal length 1m and a concave lens of focal length 0.25 m are kept 0.75 m apart. A parallel beam
of light first passes through the convex lens, then through the concave lens and comes to a focus 0.5 m away
from the concave lens.
(1982; 2M)
A beam of white light passing through a hollow prism give no spectrum.
(1983; 2M)
Two slits in a Youn g's double slit experiment are illuminated by two different sodium lamps emitting light of the
same wavelength. No interference pattern will be observed on the screen.
(1984; 2M)
In a Young's douuble slit experiment performed with a source of while light, only black and white fringes are
observed.
(1987; 2M)
A parallel beam of white light fall on a combination of a concave and a convex lens, both of same material. Their
focal lengths are 15 cm and 30 cm respectively for the mean wavelength in white light. On the same side of the
lens system, one sees coloured patterns with violet colour nearer to the lens.
(1988; 2M)
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
2.
3.
i r
r'
7.
1/2
4.
5.
185
1/2
u f
(a) b
f
(b) b
u f
u f
(c)
f
(d) b
u f
45
(a) separate the red colour from the green and blue
colours
(b) separate the blue colour from the red and green
colours
(c) separate all the three colours from the one another
(d) not separate even partially any colour from the
other two colours
9.
f1 f2
(a) x = f + f , y =
1
2
f1 ( f2 + d )
(b) x = f + f d , y = f + f
1
2
1
2
(c) x =
f1 f 2 + d ( f1 d )
( f1 d )
,y=
f1 + f 2 d
f1 + f2 d
rays
120
4
(c) 2
(a)
f1 f2 + d ( f1 d)
,y =0
(d) x =
f1 + f 2 d
186
2
(d)
(b)
combination shall be :
(a) straight
(b) circular
(c) equally spaced
(d) having fringe spacing which increases as we go
outwards
25. A concave lens of glass, refractive index 1.5 has both
surfaces of same radius of curvature R. On immersion
in a medium of refractive index 1.75, it will behave as
a :
(1999; 2M)
(a) convergent lens of focal length 3.5 R
(b) convergent lens of focal length 3.0 R
(c) divergent lens of focal length 3.5 R
(d) divergent lens of focal length 3.0 R
26. In a compound microscope, the intermediate image is:
(2000; 2M)
(a) virtual, erect and magnified
(b) real, erect and magnified
(c) real, inverted and magnified
(d) virtual, erect and reduced
27. A hollow double concave lens is made of very thin
transparent material. It can be filled with air of either
of two liquids L1 or L2 having refracting indices n 1 and
n 2 respectively (n 2 > n 1 > 1). The lens will diverge a
parallel beam of light if it is filled with : (2000; 2M)
(a) air and placed in air
(b) air and immersed in L1
(c) L1 and immersed in L2
(d) L2 and immersed in L1
28. A diverging beam of light from a point source S having
divergence angle falls symmetrically on a glass slab
as shown. The angles of incidence of the two extreme
rays are equal. If the thickness of the glass slab is t
and its refractive index is n, then the divergence angle
of the emergent beam is :
(2000; 2M)
(1999; 2M)
(a) zero
(b)
(c) sin 1 (l/n)
(d) 2 sin 1 (l/n)
29. In a double slit experiment instead of taking slits of
equal widths, one slit is made twice as wide as the
187
2L
(a) d/2
(c) 2d
(b) d
(d) 3d
D
n1
n2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
1 1
1
1 n2
(d) sin
n1
(b) 2 = 3
(d) 4 = 1
1 n2
1 n1
n2
1 n1
(c) sin
n2
(a) 1 = 2
(c) 3 = 4
greatier deviation
no deviation
same devaition as before
total internal reflection
188
3h
h
C
2h
(a)
5
2
3
2
(c)
5
2
(b)
(d)
3
2
(c) R
R2
(b) R1
(d) R
3
(a) cos =
2d
(b) cos =
4d
4
d
2
(b)
3
(a) 2
(c)
w =
r
4/3
Water
Glass
(d)
(b) 1/sin i
(d) 1
2 3
Air
B
0.2m
(a) 28
(c) 32
30
Glass
A
Water
(b) 30
(d) 34
189
(a) PQ is horizontal
(b) QR is horizontal
(c) RS is horizontal
(d) Either PQ or RS is horizontal
45. A point object is placed at the centre of a glass sphere
of radius 6 cm and refractive index 1.5. The distance of
the virtual image from the surface of the sphere is :
(2004; 2M)
(a) 2 cm
(b) 4 cm
(c) 6 cm
(d) 12 cm
(a) sin 1 d
(b) sin 1 2d
(c) sin 1 3d
(d) sin 1 4d
33.25 cm 15 cm
25 cm
1
O
(a) 10 cm
(c) 20 cm
(b) 15 cm
(d) 25 cm
20 cm
+11
+10
+9
9 10 11
(a) 5 + 0.1
(c) 0.5 + 0.1
(b) 5 + 0.05
(d) 0.5 + 0.05
190
2.
3.
4.
5.
In an interfernce arrangement similar to Young's doubleslit experiment, the slits S 1 and S 2 are illuminated with
coherent microwave sources, each of frequency 106 Hz.
The sources are synchronized to have zero phase
difference. The slits are separated by a distance
d = 150 M. The intensity I () is measured as a function
of , where Q is defined as shown. If I0 is the maximum
intensity, then I () for 0 90 is given by :
(1995; 2M)
n0 n2
n
,
and 0 , respectively. The angle
and IV are n 0 ,
2 6
8
of incidence for which the beam just misses entering
Region IV is
(2008; 3M)
Region I
Region II
Region III
Region IV
n0
6
n0
2
1 3
(a) sin
4
1 1
(b) sin
8
1 1
(b) sin
4
1 1
(d) sin
3
n0
8
S1
d/2
d/2
S2
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
More than one options are correct?
1.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
6.
191
I () = I0 /2 for = 30
I () = I0 /4 for = 90
I () = I0 for = 0
I () is constant for all values of
7.
8.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
P
60
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.
60
Medium I
( n1 )
Medium III
( n3 )
7.
E
F
Medium II
( n2 )
B
1
5
is it possible to achieve this with the
3
angle B equal to 30 degrees?
(ii) For n =
8.
9.
193
2
value of b is such that the condition for total reflection
at the face C is just satisfied for one wavelength and
is not satisfied for the other.
(1991; 2 + 2 + 4M)
2
where
A
P
sin = 0.8
90
Q
B
t = 1.0m
Air
P ( x1 , y1 )
B (x, y)
Medium
L1
0.5mm
O
L2
0.15m
A
S
Air
A (0, 0)
Screen
1.30m
n1
A
Y
194
= 1.20 +
according to : n 1
= 1.45 +
1.8m
where is in nm.
and n 2
(1998; 8M)
70
n2
n1
60
20
1.80 104
10.8 104
40
0.8m
0.9m
30
d = 1.0mm
D = 1.0m
Screen
S1
P
0.6cm
R
S
O
S2
3.
A ray of light in medium 1 given by vector
ur
A = 6 3i$ + 8 3 $j 10k$ is incident on the plane of
separation. Find the unit vector in the direction of the
refracted ray in medium-2.
(1999; 10M)
27. A quarter cylinder of radius R and refractive index 1.5
is placed on a table. A point object P is kept at a
distance of mR from it. Find the value of m for which
a ray from P will emerge parallel to the table as shown
in figure.
(1999; 5M)
+ve
A
mR
Q
S
30 cm
196
1 2
S2
P
O
40cm
S
S1
2m
10cm
C
30
60
f = 2.2
p = 3
B
C
(a) the angle of emergence and
(b) the minimum value of thickness of the coated film
on the face AC for which the light emerging from
the face has maximum intensity. [Given refractive
index of the material of the prism is 3 ]
36. Figures shows an irregular block of material of refractive
index
Screen
D
45
= 2
=1
60
A
= 1.514
D
197
= 2
60
60
60
=2
A
P
3 as shown in figure.
p = 3
(2005; 4M)
2.
An optical component and an object S placed along its optic axis are given in Column I. The distanc between the
object and the component can be varied. The propertices of images are given in Column II. Match all the properties
of images from Column II with the appropriate components given in Column I. Indicate your answer by darkening
the appropriate bubbles of the 4 4 matrix given in the ORS
Column I
Column II
(A)
(B)
(C)
(r)
Magnified image
(D)
(s)
Image at infinity
3. Column I shows four situations of standard Young's double slit arrangment with the screen placed far away from
the slits S1 and S2. In each of these cases S1P0 = S2P0, S1P1 - S2P1 = /4 and S1P2 - S2P2 = /3, where is the wavelength
of the light used. In the cases B, C and D, a transparent sheet of refractive index and thickness t is pasted on
slit S2. The thicknesses of the sheets are different in different cases. The phase difference between the light waves
reaching a point P on the screen from the two slits is denoted by (P) and the intensity by I(P). Match each situation
given in Column I with the statement(s) in Column II valid for that situation.
Column - I
Column - II
(p) (P0) = 0
(A)
P2
S2
P1
P0
S1
198
(B) ( - 1) t = /4
P2
S2
(q) (P1) = 0
P1
P0
S1
(C) ( - 1) t = /2
(P1) = 0
(r)
P2
S2
P1
P0
S1
(D) ( - 1) t = 3/4
P2
S2
P1
P0
S1
(t)
1.
COMPREHENSION
1.
Light travels as a :
(2007; 4M)
(a) parallel beam in each medium
(b) convergent beam in each medium
(c) divergent beam in each medium
(d) divergent beam in one medium and covergent
beam in the other medium
2.
3.
Speed of light is :
(2007; 4M)
(a) the same in medium-1 and medium-2
(b) large in medium-1 than in medium-2
(c) large in medium-2 than in medium-1
(d) different at b and d
Passage
The figure shows a surface XY separating two
transparent media, medium-I and medium-2. Teh lines
ab and cd represent wavefronts of a light wave travelling
in medium-I and incident on XY. The lines ef and gh
represent wavefronts of the light wave in medium-2
after refraction.
b
d
Medium-1
c
f
h
Medium-2
199
ANSWERS
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. 2 108 m/s, 4 107 m
2. 15
3. 4000, 5 1014 Hz
4.
25
9
9. zero
5. 60
8. 1.5
0 0
10. smaller
11.
14. 15
6.
TRUE/FALSE
1. T
2. F
3.
4. T
5. F
6. T
5. (a)
12. (c)
19. (b)
26. (c)
33. (b)
39. (b)
46. (d)
53. (c)
6.
13.
20.
27.
34.
40.
47.
54.
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(d)
(b)
2. (d)
9. (d)
16. (c)
23. (d)
30. (d)
37. (c)
43. (a)
50. (c)
57. (c)
3.
10.
17.
24.
31.
37.
44.
51.
(a)
(c)
(c)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(c)
4. (a)
11. (c)
18. (b)
25. (a)
32. (b)
38. (a)
45. (c)
52. (c)
(c)
(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)
(b)
(c)
(b)
7.
14.
21.
28.
35.
41.
48.
55.
(d)
(c)
(d)
(b)
(c)
(b)
(c)
(a)
2. (a, c)
3.(b, d)
4. (a, b, c, d)
5. (a, c)
6. (b, c)
7. (c, d)
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. (i) 15 cm (ii) 13.84 cm
2. 13.97 W/m2
3.5892
4. 75 cm
7. (i) 2 (ii) No
9. 7 106 W
10.
1
49
11. (a) b = 8 105 ()2 (b) 4000 = 37, 3000 = 27.13 (C) 9I
13. (i) 1 mm (ii) increase 15. (a) Slope = cot i (b) 4y1/4 = x (c) (4m, 1m)
1 2
2
n n1 n1 (ii) 73
17. (i) i1 = sin 1
2
19. 0.4 m, 0.6 m
20. 7 106 m, 16, 5.71 105 m
mirror
22. 9.3 m
3
4
(ii) 1.579 m
1
26.
5 2
$ $ $
(3i+4j5k)
27.
4
3
200
3I max
(c) 650 nm; 433.33 nm
4
12.
1
(c) 300nm
16
38. 3.5 mm
32. 1.6
3 R
34.
3
1
39. 60
36. 6.06 m
COMPREHENSION
1. (a)
2. (c)
3.
(b)
SOLUTIONS
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1.
v =
c 3 10
=
1.5
4.
2.
v 2.0 108
=
= 4.0 107 m
f 5.0 1014
4I 0
Therefore, the desired ratio is 2I = 2
0
Here I0 is the intensity due to one slit.
5.
1 1
d
+
20 5 100
Solving this, we get d = 15 cm
f medium
=4
f air
ll
5cm
6.
20cm
medium
1
1
fair = (1.51)
R1 R2
1
1.5
1
1
fmedium =
4 / 3 R1 R2
0=
3.
and
fmedium = 4fair = 4 15 = 60 cm
1
I 2 (in case of point source)
r
I A2
A
?
6000
= air =
= 4000
1.5
or
3.010
v
v
f = air = medium =
= 5.0 1014 Hz
? air ? medium
6.0 107
201
1
r
A1
r2 25
=
A2 = r1
9
7.
5f
5f
or OP' =
2
2
Length of image of rod
or
+Ve
v=
2 A
1
CP' = OP' OC =
O
9.
u 2 1 u2 1
=
v
u
R
1
1
1
=
v
10 7.5
F = focus
C = centre of the curvature
Object
Image
P
f
3
60 + m
sin
=
2
60
sin
or
v = 30 cm
Therefore, image of O will be formed at 30 cm to the
right of P.
Note that image will be virtual. There will be no effect
of CED.
A + m
sin
2
=
sin( A /2)
=
v 15
10
P'
f /2
Magnification =
= 1.5
f /3
15cm
8.
5f
f
2 f =
2
2
5f
3
1
0 0
1/ e00
c
=
=
v
1/ e
0 0
12. Given
Minima
1 1 1
Applying the mirror formula : v + u = f
or
1 3
1
v 5f = f
Central
maxima
d
f
3
1
1
= 5f f
v
Minima
202
2y = 2 103 m
y = 1 103 m
First minima is obtained at
2.
y
d sin = but sin = tan =
f
y
d =
f
d =
ll
5.89 10 7 0.5
f
=
y
1 103
= 2.945 104 m
1.0m
3.
1
m
4
P = P1 + P2 d P1 P2
=
The power is
P1 P2
= 6
...(2)
4
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2), we can find that P1 = 8 dioptre
and P2 = 2 dioptre
P1 + P2
f1 =
1
m = 0.125 m
8
A
60
r2
i 1 = 90
Air
4.
5.
6.
i2
C
R
1
f2 =
m = 0.5 m
2
sin i2
2 = sin r
2
i2 = 45
Deviation = i2 r2 = 45 30 = 15
(Deviation at face AC only)
v
f
D
d
TRUE FALSE
1.
0.25m
0.75m
or
P
P
1
=
or I
S
2rl
r
At I1 , second focus of convex lens coincides with first
focus of concave lens. Hence, rays will become parallel
to the optic axis after refraction from both the lenses.
I=
R
C = sin 1
D
Correct option is (a).
w = 4/3 = 8
3/2 9
g
sinc =
6.
Imax =
Imin =
I1 + I 2
I1 I 2
) =(
2
) =(
2
4I + I
4I
= sin 1 (tan r)
= 9I
= I
A
7.
1
1 1
+ =
f (f = constant) ....(1)
v u
v2 dv u 2 du = 0
or
or
8
9
sin >
| du |
f
Size of image = b
u f
Correct option is (d).
5. r + r' + 90 = 180
8.
r
90
f
2 = u f
u
1
1
= 1.5 D
0.4 0.25
u2
v2
1
1
+
P = P1 + P2 =
f1 ( m) f2 ( m)
=
v2
|dv| =
Denser
Rarer
r'
i
i=r
45
r' = 90 r
Further,
i=r
Applying Snell's law,
D sin i = R sin r'
or
D sin r = R sin (90 r) = R cos r
or
i = 45
1
sin 45 > or
1
1
>
2
R
= tan r
D
204
9.
m=
P1
l1
f0
P2
v
f ( f d)
1
f2
= 2 1
.
=
u
f2 + f 2 d f1 d f2 + f 1 d
fe
f2
below its optic axis.
of m or
f2 + f 1 d
Therefore, y - coordinate of the focus of system will
be
35cm
P1 I2 = 36 cm
f0 + fe = 36
....(1)
Further angular magnification is given as 5. Therefore,
f0
fe = 5
f 2 .
y=
f
+
2 f1 d
...(2)
( f1 d ).
y= f + f d
2
1
or
10. Deviation : d = ( 1) A
Given net = 0
(1 1)A1 = (2 1)A2
( 1 1)
(1.541)
or A2 = ( 1 A1 = (1.721) (4) = 3
2
Correct option is (c).
f (f d)
y= 2 1
f2 + f 1 d
I2
I1
D
dy
=l y =
d
D
Therefore, distance between two dark fringes on either
or
side = 2y =
L2
f1
L1
distance =
u = + (f1 d), f = + f2
Hence,
2 D
d
Marginal rays
1 1
1
1
1
= f +u = f + f d
v
2
1
Dark
f 2 ( f1 d )
v=
f2 + f1 d
d
x =d+ v=d+
f 2 ( f1 d )
f2 + f1 d
D
sin = y/D
f1 f2 + d ( f1 d)
f1 + f 2 d
Dark
205
i
120
P
A
O'
1
1
1
1 1
1
+
=
40 25 F F1 F2
F
F=
or
E V=
200
2
cm = m
3
3
1
P = F (m )
3
2
= 1.5
P=
O
3m
12.0m
15.0m
1
1 1
+ =
f
u v
1
1
1
+
=
u 12.0
2.0
u =
24.0
(1.20)(2.0)
=
= 2.4 cm
10.0
12.02.0
A
b
t
1 2t
O 2f f
1m
C
206
First
minimum
or
b =
or
y
b =
D
or
y=
D
b
yb
or
= sin = 0
...(1)
D
Now, at P (First minima) path difference between the
rays reaching from two edges (A and B) will be
yb
yb
(Compare with x =
in YDSE)
D
D
or
x =
(From Eq. 1)
Corresponding phase difference (f) will be
x =
2
=
.x
f=
1
g
1
1
1
f
m
R
R
2
2
. = 2
R1
R2
Normal at P will
pass through C
C
1 1.5
1
1
1
=
1
=
f 1. 75 R R 3. 5R
f = + 3.5R
Therefore, in the medium it will behave like a convergent
lens of focal length 3.5 R. It can be understood as,
u n > g , the lens will change its behaviour.
Image
2 =
1.5
P
O
B
FO
A A'' O
+ve
A'
E
B'
F0
2 2
2 1
=
v
u
R
Substituting the values with sign
Appling
B''
1.5 1.0
1.51.0
=
+X X
+R
(Distance are measured from O and are taken as positive
in the direction of ray of light)
2.5
0.5
=
X
R
X = 5R
1
nL
1
1
1
=
f
nm
R1 R2
207
1
1
C
D
B
L
sin
sin
1
2 , at Q, n =
2
2n =
sin
2 sin
Similarly, IJ = d
HI = AB = d
d
DS = CD =
2
AH = 2.AD
d
GH = 2CD = 2 = d
2
GJ = GH + HI + IJ
= d + d + d = 3d
31. Rays come out only from CD, means rays after
refraction from AB get total internally reflected at AD.
From the figure :
D
r
r
A
D
r1
max
r2
n1
B
C
n2
E
i
r1 + r2 = 90
r1 = 90 r2
(r1 )max = 90 (r2 )min and (r2 )min = C (for total
internal reflection at AD)
Imax = I (1 + )2 > 4I
and
Imin = I
where
(r1 )max = 90 C
Now applying Snell's law at face AB :
n1
sin max
sin max
sin max
=
n2 = sin(r1 ) max = sin(90 C )
cos C
or
1 > 0
n2
n2
sinC= n or C = sin 1
1
n1
sin max =
n1
cosC
n2
n1
n1
1 n2
= sin 1 cossin
n1
n2
208
At point A,
At point B,
=
IA IB = 4I
..(1)
sin i
plus two syllabus = sin r comes from sin i =
IA = I + 4I = 5I
constant
IB = I + 4I 4I = 5I
1 = 1, 1 sin i1 = 2 sin i2
1
2
r
d
When the wavelength is decreased from 600 nm to 400
2 = , or sin i = sin r
4
or
6
sin i
= sin r
or
2
or the number of fringes in the same segment will
3
increase by a factor of 3/2.
Therefore, number of fringes observed in the same
segment = 12
3
= 18
2
P
(b)
(a)
(c)
D
i
i
A
iB = iC
or
1 = 4
36. PQ = QR = 2h
i = 45
ST = RT = h = KM = MN
209
So,
h2 + (2h2 ) = h 5
KS =
sin r =
I
2 3
=
= 30
d
0.2/ 3
Therefore maximum number of reflection are 30.
h 5
40. PR = d
PO = d sec
and CO = PO cot 2= d sec cos 2
path difference between the two rays is,
x = CO + PO = (d sec + d sec cos 2)
phase difference between the two rays is
= (one is reflected, while another is direct)
Therefore, condition for constructive interference should
be)
P
h
2h
S
2h
T
M
O
N
2h
37.
sin i sin45
5
=
= sin r =
1/ 5
2
1
1
1
= ( 1)
f
R
R
1
2
1
For no dispersion, d = 0
f
or
x =
1
1
=0
d
R
R
1
2
or
t = 1 = 1.51 = 2
or
(2cos2 ) =
cos
2
n
t=
1
3
, .....
2 2
or d cos (1 + cos 2) =
or
R1 = R2
38. Path difference due to slab should be integral multiple
of or x = n
or
( 1)t = n n = 1, 2, 3, ...
or
cos =
4d
ll
0.2
l2
3
l=2
3
26cm
1
1 1
=
f
v u
0.2m
30
30
or
1 1
1
=
v 4 20
or
v = 5 cm
Magnification for concave lens
210
4cm
400
560
(2n 1)
= (2m 1)
2
2
v 5
= = 1.25
u 4
As size of the image at I1 is 2 cm. Therefore, size of
images at I2 will be 2 1.25 = 2.5 cm
m=
2n 1
7 14
= ....
= =
2m 1
5 10
i.e., 4th minima of 400 nm coincides with 3rd minima of
560 nm.
Locaion of this minima is,
or
42. Applying
Snell's law ( sin i = constant)
at 1 and 2, we have
(2 41)(1000)(400 106 )
2 0.4
= 14 mm
Next 11th minima of 400 nm will coincide with 8th
minima of 560 nm.
Location of this minima is,
Y1 =
Air
r
r
Water
Glass
(2 111)(1000)(400 106 )
2 0.1
= 42 mm
Required distance of Y2 Y1 = 28 mm
Hence, the correct option is (2).
+ Y2 =
Here,
or
1 sin i1 = 2 sin i2
1 = glass , i1 = i
2 = glass = 1 and i2 = 90
g sin i = (1) (sin 90)
ug =
I = Imax cos 2
2
47.
1
sin i
1
43. CriticalangleC = sin 1
Wavelength increases in the sequence of VIBGYOR.
According to Cauchy's formula refractive index ()
decreases as the wavelength increases. Hence the
refractive index will increases in the sequence of
ROYGBIV. The critical angle C will thus increase in the
same order VIBGYOR. For green light the incidence
angle is just equal to the critical angle. For yellow,
orange and red the critical angle will be greater than
the incidence angle. So, these colours will emerge from
the glass air interface.
Hence, the correct option is (a).
44. During minimum deviation the ray inside the prism is
parallel to the base of the prism in case of an equilateral
prism.
Hence, the correct option is (b).
I max
= Imax cos 2
4
2
cos
1
=
2
2
=
3
2
or
2 2
=
x
3
where
x = d sin
Substituting in Eq. (1), we get
sin =
3d
= sin 1
3d
Correct answer is (c).
or
33.24
= 40 cm
1.33
Distance of image from mirror
= 15 +
= 15 +
25
= 33. 8 cm
1.33
...(1)
1 1 1
From the mirror, + = f
v u
1
1
1
+
=
f
33.8 40
52.
f = 18.3 cm
Most suitable answer is (c).
r = f tan
rf
r 2 f 2
or
3
f .
2
1
1
2
1
=
=
30 f 3 f 3 f
f = 10 cm
Therefore, focal length of convex lens = + 10 cm and
that of concave lens = 15 cm
Correct answer is (d).
Air
Waterq
1 2
15
= f
f 15
2
1 1 1
1 1
2
+ =
=
v u f
v 25
15
v = 12 cm
51. From the lens formula :
Image
1 1 1
=
f v u we have
Object
1
1
1
f = 10 10
or
f=+ 5
Further,
u = 0.1
and
v = 0.1
(from the graph)
Now, differentiating the lens formula we have,
f
f
v
v
left
r1 = r2 =
A 60
=
= 30
2
2
u2
v u
or
f = 2 + 2 f
v
u
Substituting the values we have,
right
sin ? C =
or sin ? =
0.1 0.1 2
f = 2 + 2 (5)
10
10
= 0.05
f + f = 5 + 0.05
? = sin
n0 / 8 3
=
n0 / 6 4
1
1 3 1
sin ? C = =
6
6 4 8
1 1
3.
4.
u = 2 gh = 2 10 7 .2 = 12 = 12 m/s
Speed of ball as observed by fish is
4
u = 16 m/s
3
(c)
1.
I max ( I1 + I 2 ) 2 I1 / I 2 + 1
=
=
I min ( I1 I 2 )2 I 2 / I 2 1
= 9 (Given)
5.
I1
2
Solving this, we have I = 4
2
But
A1
= 2
A2
2
2
( x ) = ( d sin )
(i) for = 30
where =
A2
c 3 108
=
= 300 m and d = 150 m
v
106
2
1
(150) =
=
300
2 2
At P (directly infront of S 1 )
y= b
2
Path difference.
d
=
2
4
I0
I () = I0 cos 2 =
(option a)
4 2
(ii) For = 90
b
S1
y=
S2
2
=
(150) (1) =
300
b
2
or
and
(iii) For = 0, = 0 or
b
y.(b) ( b)
b2
2
X = S 2 P S 1 P =
=
=
d
d
2d
Those wavelengths will be missing for which
X =
1 = 2X =
2 =
1 3 2 5 3
,
,
.....
2
2
2
I () = 0
6.
I () = I0
1 1 1
For a lens : v u = f
b2
d
2X b2
=
3
3d
O I
2X b 2
=
3
5d
Correct option are (a) and (c).
3 =
213
= 0
2
(Option c)
2 1
2 1
=
v
u
R
With proper signs :
1 1
1
= f +u
v
i.e.
1.5
1
1.51
1
3
1
8
=
=
=
or
20 x
60
x 40 120 120
120
= 15 cm
8
(ii) Now, before striking with the concave surface, the ray
is frist refracted fro a plane surface. So, let x be the
distance of pin, then the plane surface will form its
image at a distance
1
1 1
+ =
f
v u
i.e.
x=
2 1 2 1
=
with proper signs,
v
u
R
Now, using
1 1
1
= f u
v
1.5
4/3
1.54/3
we have 20 ( 4 / 3x) =
60
1
3
1
26
+
=
=
x
40 360 360
or
7.
sin 45 >
1
or
or
>
2.
1
n
8.
Resultant intensity at P :
IP = IA + IB + IC
=
1
n
n>
2
or
n > 1.414
Therefore, possible values of n can be 1.5 or 1.6 in the
given options.
PA
4 ( PA)
90
4(3)
PB
4( PB ) 2
cos 60 + IC cos 60
180
4(1.5) 2
cos 60 + 20 cos 60
= 0.79 + 3.18 + 10
= 13.97 W/m2
3.
' =
214
(1)tD
d
...(1)
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.
4
x (h
app. = h) from it.
3
y = '
Given,
( 1)tD 2D
=
d
d
or
(2D )
d
....(2)
4.
1 D
y1 = 31 = 3
4cm
4cm
O
(a)
O
(b)
(2 103 )
= 11.7 104 m = 1.17 mm
(ii) Let n 1 bright fringe of 1 coincides with n 2 bright
fringe of 2 . Then,
n11D
n2 2 D
=
d
d
dactual
or
4
3=
or
Ymin =
2 1
2 1
=
v
u
R
n1
Given is slightly greater than sin 1
n2
(i) When n3 < n1 :
n3 n1
n3
n2
i.e., n 3 < n 1 < n 2 or n < n or sin 1 < sin 1
2
2
n2
n1
we have,
1
4/3 14/3
=
(25/8) 4
R
1
1 8
1
=
=
3R
3 25 75
R = 25 cm
Now, to find the focal length we will use the lens
Maker's formula :
or
1
1
1
=
(
1)
f
R1 R2
Hence, critical angle for III and II will be less than the
critical angle for II and I. So, if TIR is taking palce
between I and II, then TIR will definitely take place
between I and III.
(ii) When n3 < n1 : Now two cases may arise :
Case I : n 1 < n 3 < n 2
In this case there will be no TIR between I and III but
TIR will take place between III and II. This is because:
I
III
i
P
1
4 1
= 1
25
41 D 4( 6500 10 10)(1.2)
=
= 15 .6 10 4 m
3
d
( 2 10 )
= 1.56 mm
6.
n1
2 5200 4
=
=
=
n2
1 6500 5
or
4
3
II
1
75
i
i >
i>
Applying Snell's law at P :
n 2 sin = n 3 sin i
f = 75 cm
n2
sin i = sin
n3
or
ic < 45
n1
Since, sin is slightly greater than n
2
n2 n1
n1
sin i is slightly greater than n n or n
3
2
3
(ii)
or TIR will now take place on I and III and the ray will
be reflected back.
Case 2 : n 1 < n 2 < n 3
This time while moving from II to III, ray of light will
bend towards normal. Again applying Snell's law at P:
II
1
1
=
= 2
sin ic sin 45
5
1
1
3
For = 3 , sin ic 1 = = 5 / 3 = 5 ,
ic = 37, y = 30
(Given)
x = 60 , x > ic
B
i
n1
but n is nothing but sin (c)I,III
3
I
III
B
A
but
i>
y < ic
Total internal reflection will take place on face
AC but not on BC.
n 2 sin = n 3 sin i
n2
sini = n sin
3
8.
P
n1
Since, sin slightly greater than n
2
n2 n1
n1
sin i will be slightly greater than n n or n
3
2
3
2 1 2 1
=
, one by one on two
v
u
R
spherical surfaces.
First on left surfaces :
Applying
n1
but n is sin (c)I,III
3
i.e,
sin i > sin (c)I,III
or
i > (c)I,III
Therefore, TIR will again take place between I and III
and the ray will be reflected back.
Note : Case I and case III of n 3 > n 1 can be explained
by one equation only. But two cases are deliberately
formed for better understanding of refraction, Snell's
law and total internal reflection (TIR).
7.
1 4/3
14/3
v1 = +2
1
1
v1 = 6
or
v1 = 6mm
i.e., first image will be formed at 6 mm towards left of
P.
Second on right surface : Now, distance of first image
I1 from Q will be 10 mm (towards left).
or
4/3
1
4/31
v2
10 = 2
or
216
4
1 1
4
=
or v2 = 5mm
3v2 = 6 10
15
32
64
I2
I1
6mm
91
16
1
4
2mm
2mm
5mm
31
16
31
4
Note :
I1 I 2
I min
1
=
=
I max
49
I1 + I 2
11. (a) Total internal reflecion (TIR) will take place first for
the wavelength for which critical angle is small or is
large.
A
i=
( )
( )
10
() (0.001)2 = 105 W
2
PB = I rB
10
() (0.002)2 = 4 105 W
2
2
=
x =
1000 =
6000
3
Now, resultant power at the focal point :
P = P1 + P2 + 2
1
0.8 =
or
0.8 =
1
1.20 +
b
(4000)2
P1 P2 cos
(for 4000)
= 90 i
217
(b)
106 W
For 4000
For 5000
8.0 105
= 1.232
For 5000 : = 1.2 + 2 = 1.2 +
(5000)2
Applying =
sin iair
sin imedium
or
5000 = iair
P r
i
(c)
R
r
....(1)
1 1 1
1
1
= +
+
v u f = (0.15) (0.10)
QS
= sin i
PS
or
v = 0.3 m
v
0.3
=
= 2
u 0.15
Hence, two images S 1 and S 2 of S will be formed at 0.3
m from the lens as shown in figure. Image S 1 due to
part 1 will be formed at 0.5 mm above its optic axis
(m = 2). Similarly, S 2 due to part 2 is formed 0.5 mm
below the optic axis of this part as shown.
Hence, d = distance between S 1 and S 2 = 1.5 mm
D = 1.30 0.30 = 1.0 m = 103 mm
= 500 nm = 5 104 mm
Therefore, fringe width,
Linear magnification, m =
PR / PS
sin r
=
QS / PS = sin i
(QS) = PR
Substituting in Eq. (1), we get x = 0
Phase difference between rays 1 and 2 will be zro.
Or these two rays will interfere constructively. So,
maximum intensity will be obtained from their
interference.
or Imax = ( I1 + I 2 ) 2 = ( 4I + I ) 2 = 9I
1
12. sin c =
( = critical angle)
n c
D ( 5 10 4 )(10 3 )
=
mm
d
(1.5)
1
= mm
3
Now, as the point A is at the third maxima
1
OA = 3 = 3 mm
3
1
c
or
n2 1
r' = 90 r
(r') = 90 r
(r')min = 90 (r)max
OA = 1mm
sin(i )max
sin90
( imax = 90)
and n = sin( r )
= sin( r )
max
max
sin (r)max =
1 1 1
Therefore, using v u = f we have
PR
= sin r
PS
Then,
or
or
n 2 1 1
n2 2
or
1
OA = 2 = 2 mm = 0.67 mm .
3
1
= sin c
n
218
(ii)
A
0.5mm
0.25mm
0.25m
1.5m
B (x, y)
t=0
S1
S2
D = 1.0m
0.15m
0.3m
1.3m
Normal
O
Y
dy
dx
dy
= cot i
dx
Applying Snell's law at A and B
n A sin i A = nB sin iB
X
O
Y'
F
A
B
P
...(1)
n A = 1 because y = 0
Y
(c)
(d)
15. (a)
nB = Ky3 / 2 + 1
=
or
y 3/ 2 + 1 because K = 1.0(m) 3/ 2
(1)(1) = ( y 3 / 2 + 1) sin i
(b)
y 3/2
+
(a)
sin i =
y
3/2
+1
y3/2
cot i =
y 3/ 2 or
y3 / 4
...(2)
dy
= y3 / 4
dx
y
or
y 3/ 4 dy = dx
4200 =
y 3 / 4dy = dx
or
or
6000
4200
or
6000
= 1. 429 1.43
4 y1/ 4 = x
17. (i)
...(3)
n
n
c = sin 1 1 or sin c = 1
n
n
x = 4.0 m
[From Eq. 3)
Therefore, coordinates of point P are
P = (4.0 m, 1.0 m)
r1 = A r2 = ( 45 c )
Applying Snell's law at face AB, we have
n=
sin i1
sin r1 or sin i1 = n sin r1
A
45
r2
First minima
I1
r1
n1
n
45
B
f
n
= sin 1
( 1 sin 2 c sin c sin c = 1
n
2
n 1 n1 n1
= sin 1
n
2 n
b
Angular width will decrease by 30% when is also
decreased by 30%.
Therefore, new wavelength
Angular width of first maxima = 2 =
i1 = sin 1
( n 2 n12 n1 )
2
30
= ( 6000 )
6000
100
= 4200
(ii) When the apparatus is immersed in a liquid of
refractive index , the wavelength is decreased times.
Therefore,
i1 = sin 1
( n 2 n12 n1 )
2
220
either ( a) n1 = n or
or
r2 = 0
or
r1 = A r2 = 45 0 = 45
sin i1
Now applying Snell's law at face AB, we have n = sin r
1
or 1.352 =
sin i1
sin 45
1 1 1
1
1
1
= =
=
f
v u
1.2 0.6 0.4
f = 0.4m
For the second half
Using
sin i1 = 0.956
t = 15790
t = 1.579m
i1 = sin 1( 0.956) 73
1
1
1
=
f
1.2 d (0.6 + d )
= 6300
Wavelength of light in the given liquid :
1
1
1
=
+
0. 4 1. 2 d 0.6 + d
Solving this, we get d = 0.6 m
Magnification for the second half will be
or
6300
=
4737 = 4737 10 10 m
1. 33
Fringe width, =
v
0.6
1
m2 = u = (1.2) = 2
'D
d
v
1.2
m1 = u = (0.6) = 2
(1 103 m )
= 6.3 106m
= 0.63 mm
(ii) Let t be the thickness of the glass slab.
Path difference due to glass slab at centre O.
glass
1 t
x =
liquid
1.53
1 t
=
1.53
or
x = 0.15t
Now, for the intensity to be minimum at O, this path
difference should be equla to
or
x =
'
2
0.15t =
4737
'
2
t = 0.4m
A,A
1
2
B
0.6m
0.6m
0.6m
221
(6)(7 107 )
= 0.6
7 10 6
' = 1.6
(iii) In part (i), shifting of 5 bright fringes was equal to
103 . Which implies that
5red = 103 m
[Here = Fringe width]
(' 1)=
3/2
4/3
3/24/3
We get v (0.80.4) =
0.3
4
v4 = 0.54m
i.e., fourth image is formed to the right of the lens at
a distance of 0.54 m from it. Now finally applying the
same formula for glass-air surface.
10
5
red =
Now since =
D
or l
d
green
red
m = 0.2 103 m
1
3/ 2
13/ 2
=
v5 0. 54
0.3
green
red
v5 = 0.9m
i.e., position of final image is 0.9 m relative to the lens
(rightwards) or the image is formed 0.1 m behind the
mirror.
5 10 7
3
green = red
= (0.2 10 )
7
red
7 10
green = 0.143 103 m
= green red = (0.143 0.2) 103 m
= 5.71 105 m
green
1
1
1
=
(
1)
f
R1 R2
We have
S1
1 3 1 1
= 1
0. 3 2 R R
(Here, R1 = R and R2 = R)
R = 0.3
2 1 2 1
Now applying
=
at air glass surface,
v
u
R
we get
3/21
3/2
1
=
0.3
v1
(0.9)
2 1 2 1
=
at glass
v
u
R
4/ 3 3/ 2
4/33/2
v2
2.7 =
0.3
v2 = 1.2m
6th Minima
O
S2
5th Minima
2
So, let
v1 = 2.7m
i.e., first image I1 will be formed at 27 m from the lens.
This will act as the virtual object for glass water
2 1 2 1
=
v
u
R
...(2)
2
Due to the path different x, the phase dfference at O
will be
<
Where
2
2
x =
(5 + )
= (10 +
Intensity at O is given by
222
2
.)
3
I max and since
4
...(3)
I (f) = Imaxcos 2
2
3
I max = Imaxcos 2
4
2
3
= cos 2
4
2
From Eqs. (3) and (4), we find that
or
....(4)
=
6
x1
s
=d
in S
1
31
i.e., x = 5 + = = 0.3t (t = 0.3t )
6 6
P1
y2
1
S2
31
(31)(5400 1010 )
=
m
6(0.3)
1.8
or t = 9.3 106 m = 9.3m
(l = l0 = 600 nm)
i = sin 1 (3/4)
or
in 1
ds
O
=x
t =
4
1.80 10 4
23. n 1 = 1.20 + 10.8 10 and n 2 = 1.45 +
( = )
20
02
Here, is in nm.
(a) The incident ray will no deviate at BC if n 1 = n 2
1.20 + 10.8 10
02
9 104
20
= 1.45 +
1.80 10 4
02
sin =
, n = 1, 2, 3, ....
2
(2n 1)
2d
(2n 1)0.5
2n 1
=
2 1.0
4
(2n 1)
1 or n 2.5
4
So, n can be either 1 to 2
As sin 1 therefore
3 102
or 0 = 600 nm
0.5
(b) The given system is a part of an equilaterla prism
of prism angle 60 as shown in figure.
or
= 0.25
60
d sin = (2n 1)
( = 0 )
0 =
or,
When n = 1, sin1 =
1
1
or tan 1 =
4
15
n = 2, sin 2 =
3
or
70
tan2 =
20
60
40
y1 = tan 1 =
B
At minimum deviation,
y2 = tan 2 =
1
15
m = 0.26m
m = 1.13m
7
[In this case, net path dfference x = x1 = x2 ]
[In this case x = x1 = x2 ]
60
= 30 = r (say)
r1 = r2 =
2
3
4
sin i
sin r
sin i = n 1 sin 30
n1 =
223
x1
s
=d
in S
1
P1
1
S2
=
in 1
ds
d sin 2 =
or
y2
sin 2 =
or
x2
tan 2 =
=
1
in
ds
or
y2
S2
y2 =
y0 =
1
3
y0
D
nm
3
y0 = 0.58m
30
y2
D
m = 1.13m
= =
or x1 = x2 =
2
2
2 2
or d sin 1 =
(0.5)
1
=
=
or sin 1 =
2d (2)(1.0) 4
2
tan 1 =
1
15
y1
D
1 m = 0.26 m
15
Therefore, y-coordinates of the first minima on either
side of the central maixmum are y1 = 0.26 m and y2 =
1.13 m.
or
y1 =
(D = 1m)
Central
P2 maximum
x = 0
P
y = 0.58m
P1
O
OP1 = y1
and
OP2 = y2
O
P
At point P,
x 1 = x 2
Above point P x 2 > x1 and
Below point P x 2 > x 2
Now, let P1 and P2 be the minimas on either side of
central maxima. Then, for P2
x2 x1 =
x1 x2 =
P2
Similarly, by for P1
tan =
3 (3)(0.5) 3
=
=
2d (2)(1.0) 4
d
sin
2 =
x
2
or
3
2
or x2 = x1 +
2
2
=+
3
=
2
2
224
S2
1 t
x 1 =
m
yd
D
or
yd
1 t
=
D
m
g
D
1 t
y=
m
d
Substituting the values, we have
ur
$
$
26. Incident ray A = 6 3$i + 8 3j10k
) (
= 6 3 $i + 8 3 $j + 10k$
1.5
1.5
1
1
y=
4/3 4/3
y = 4.33 103 m
or we can say y = 4.33 mm
z
P
y
Q'
x
10 k
2
. x
1.5
1 (0.04 106 )
6 107 4 / 3
2
3j
I () = Imax cos 2 2
13
I = Imax cos 2 6
1 = 2
q
Q'
O
r=1
1 = 3
8
i+
I = 3 Imax
4
uuur
uuur
QO + PQ
13
=
3
Now,
1t
(b) At O, x1 = 0 and x2 =
m
ur
Vector A makes an angle i with z-axis given by
10
i = cos1
2
(10) + 6 3
x x x
, ,
..... and so on
1 2 3
1.5
1 (10.4 106 m)
x =
4/3
) + (8 3 )
2
= cos1
2
1.5
1 (10.4 10 6 nm)
=
4/3
x = 1300 nm
Maximum intensity will be corresponding o
i = 60
Unit vecotr in the direction QOQ' will be
q$ =
1300
1300
1300
= 1300nm,
nm,
nm,
nm .....
3
2
4
6 3i$ +8 3 $j
( )
(6 3 ) 2 + 8 3
225
=
2
1 $ $
3i + 4 j
5
3
2
sin i sin60
=
sin r
sin r
3/2
sin r =
v +60
=
= 3
u 20
i.e., first image formed by the lens will be 60 cm from
it (or 30 cm form mirror) towards left and 3 times
magnified but inverted. Length of first image A1 , B1
would be 1.2 3 = 3.6 cm (inverted)
and linear magnification, m1 =
3/ 2
2
r = 45
Now, we have to find a unit vector in refracted ray's
direction OR. Say it is $r whose magnitude is 1. Thus,
A
B1
0.6cm
B
Optics axis of mirror
$r = (1 sin r) q$ 1 cos r) k$
1
=
3.0cm
[ q$ k$ ]
A1
$r =
60cm
3.0cm
1 1 $ $ $
=
(3i + 4 j ) k
2 5
20cm
$
$
(3i$ + 4j5k)
5 2
1 1 1
Using mirror formula, v + u = f
2 1 2 1
=
v
u
R
First on plane surface
27. Applying
1.5
1
1.51
= 0 (R )
AI1 mR =
v
15
1
=
=+
u
+30
2
i.e., final image A' B' will be located at a distance of 15
cm from the mirror (towards right) and since
magnification is +
0.5
1.5
=
R
(1.5m + 1) R
3 = 1.5m + 1
3
m=2
2
or
m=
1
, length of final image would be
2
1
= 1.8 cm
2
1
therefore, its image B' would be (0.6) = 0.3 cm
2
above optic axis. Similarly, point A1 is 3 cm below the
4
3
28. (a) Rays coming from object AB first refract from the
lens and then reflect from the mirror.
Refraction from the lens :
u = 20 cm, f = + 15 cm
1 1 1
Using lens formula v u = f
v = 15 cm
11.5
1
1.5
=
R
(1.5mR + R)
[v because final image is at infinity]
1 1
1
+
==
v 30
30
or
B'
1
1
1
=
v 20
15
v = +60 cm
A'
A'B' = 1.8cm
15cm
226
1
= 1.5 cm
2
3.6t = n
2
3
1
m = m1 m2 = (3) + =
2
2
3
A'B' = (m) (AB) = (1.2) = 1.8cm
2
Note that, there is no need fo drawing the ray diagram
if not asked in the question.
tmin =
2 3.6
or
tmin =
648
nm
7.2
or
tmin = 90 nm
1 1 1
Xi is obtained using v u = f
Flint
A1
1
1
1
can be written as X X = f
i
0
A2
Crown
1
Similarly, Yi is obtained from m =
O
1 + 2 = 0
or (1 1)A1 + (2 1) A2 = 0
...(1)
Here, 1 and 2 are the refractive indices for crown and
flint glasses respectively.
B
t
1 = 1.8
2 = 1.5
x = 21 t
= 2 (1.8)t = 3.6t
Ray 1 is reflected from a denser medium, therefore, it
undergoes a phase change of , whereas the ray 2
gets reflected from a rarer medium, therefore, there is
not change in phase of ray 2.
Hence, phase difference between rays 1 and 2 would
be f = . Therefore, condition of constructive
intereference will be
= ( b1 r1 ) A1 + ( b 2 r 2 ) A2
= (1.51 1.49) (6) + (1.77 1.73)(4)
= 0.04
Net dispersion is 0.04
31. 2X at R will be zero if X1 = X2
or
d sin = d sin
or
=
or
tan = tan
227
y1
y2
D1 = D2
or
or
10
y 2 = D1 , y1 =
(40) cm
200
D2
y2 = 2 cm
1
1
1
1
1
= (1 1)
+ (2 1)
F'
R R
R
t=100mm
or
Q
S2
3 2 (1)
1
= 1
R
F ' 2 R
or =
1 1 (2)
=
R
R
R
So,
or
or
or
F' =
R
10
(R = 10 cm)
=
2 2
( 1)t = X 1
( 1) (100) = 0.16
1 = 0.0016
= 1.0016
10
or 2 = 25 or 50 25 = 10 or 25 = 40
1
1
1
=
+
F
f1 f2
40
= 1.6 or = 1.6
25
3
1 =
2
I1
I0
1
=
I 2 0.36 I 0 = 0.36 or
I1
I2
4
2 =
3
1
1
1
1
= (1 1)
+ (2 1)
R R
R
3 2 4 1
= 1 + 1
2 R 3 R
I min
I max =
I1
1
=
I 2 0.6
2
2
0.6 1
= 1
2
=
2 16
I1
1
+ 1
+
1
I2
0.6
1 1
2
3R
=
or F =
R 3 R 3R
2
Now, image coincides with the object when ray of light
retraces its path or it falls normally on the plane mirror.
This is possible only when object is at centre of
curvature of the lens system.
Hence, F = 15 cm (Distance of object = 15 cm)
=
3R
or
= 15 cm or R = 10 cm
2
In the second case, let be the refractive index of the
liquid filled between lens and mirror and let F' be the
focal length of new lens system. Then,
228
h+x
h+x
S'
Initial
S'
Final
2h = n
2
...(1)
2h + 2x = n + 1
or
...(2)
2h 2x = n 1
...(3)
2
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) or Eqs. (1) and (3), we get
600
= 300 nm
=
2
2
6600
= 1500
t = 2 =
2 2.2
(I) sin 45 =
2 1
2 1
v1 = + R
For refraction at second surface,
...(1)
3 2
3 2
v2 v1 = + R
Adding Eqs. (1) and (2), we get
( 2)
sin r
1
2
or
r = 30
i.e., ray becomes parallel to AD inside the block. Now
applying
sin r =
2 1
2 1
=
on face CD,
v
u
R
...(2)
1.514
2
1.514 2
=
OE
0.4
Solving this equaion, we get
OE = 6.06 cm
3
1
sin r1 =
1
Path difference x = n
2
3 sin r1
1
2
or
r1 = 30
Now,
r1 + r2 = A
r2 = A r1 = 30 30 = 0
Therefore, ray of light falls normally on the face AC
and angle of emergence i2 = 0.
or
x=
sin 60 =
1 1 1
37. Differentiating the lens formula v u = f with respect
v2
v1
to time, we get
3
3 1
R
or v2 = 3
v2 = v1 R
3 1
Therefore, focal length of the given lens system is
2
dv v du
=
...(1)
dt 2 . dt
u
Further, substituting proper values in lens formula.
We have
3 R
3 1
35. (a) sin i1 = sin r1
60
1 dv
1 dv
.
+
. = 0 (as f = constant)
v 2 dt
2 dt
1 1
1
+
=
v 0.4
0.3
30
90
30
(u = 0.4m, f = 0.3 m)
or
v = 1.2 m
Puting the values in Eq. (1)
C
229
dm
=
dt
v
u
B,D
dv
du
v.
dt
dt
2
u
(0.4)(0.09)(1.2)(0.01)
=
(0.4) 2
= 0.3/s
Magnitude of rate of change of lateral magnification
= 0.3/s
D
D
n1 1 = n2 2
d
d
n1
2 7
=
=
n2
1 5
This imples that 7th maxima of 1 coincides with 5th
maxima of 2 . Similarly 14th maxima of l1 will coincide
with 10th maxima of 2 and so on.
1.
or
n11 D
Minimum distance =
d
= 7 5 107 103
= 3.5 103 m = 3.5 mm
1 1
1 1
C1 =sin = sin
= 45
2
2
COMPREHENSION
1.
2.
d = c and f = e
d f = c e
Hence, the correct option is (c).
3.
1 3
1 3
C2 =sin = sin
= 45
2
2
Therefore, minimum angle of incidence
for total internal reflection to take place on both slabs
should be 60.
imin = 60'
sin i1
= sin r or
1
d
Medium-1
a
X
sin i1
3 = sin30
c
f
Medium-2
3
or i1 = 60
2
(b) In the position shown net deviation suffered by
sin i1 =
230
e
g
Y
h