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Jimmy Oliapuram

Marc Thurnheer
Roman Gohl
Ramon Schnider
Alexander Bchi
Group B2
December 2014

TASS Report 3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life cycle impact assessment of a


wind farm

Figure 1: Alpha ventus windpark [9]

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1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
2

Abstract................................................................................................................ 3

Eco- and ubp-indicator......................................................................................... 4

Impact assessment.............................................................................................. 5
4.1

Global warming potential...............................................................................5

4.2........................................................................................................................... 6
5

Sensitivity analysis............................................................................................... 7

Simplifications and assumptions..........................................................................7

Result................................................................................................................... 7

List of References................................................................................................. 8

List of Figures....................................................................................................... 9

10

List of tables...................................................................................................... 9

11

Apendix............................................................................................................. 9

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2 ABSTRACT
Wind energy is currently one of the fastest growing renewable energy resource in
the world. There are only limited locations that have strong enough wind speeds to
be suitable as wind farm sites.
Wind turbines produce energy with virtually no emissions, however, there are
environmental impacts associated with their manufacture, installation, and end of
life. This report describes the results of the life cycle assessment of 1 kWh
generated by the alpha ventus wind park, including a description of the purpose and
scope, data, assumptions, methodologies, results and interpretation.

Manufacturing, transport, installation and end of life have been considered for the
model and are compared using the life cycle impact assessment method. In
addition, the energy production was conducted based on by the wind turbines over
20 years. Life cycle assessment discovered that environmental impacts are
concentrated in the manufacturing stage, which accounts for xy% of impacts.

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3 ECO- AND UBP-INDICATOR


The Eco indicator method uses the damage-oriented assessment of environment
impacts over the entire life cycle of a product. Traditionally in LCA the emissions and
resource extractions are expressed as 10 or more different impact categories, like
acidification, ozone layer depletion, ecotoxicity and resource extraction.
Comparable to eco-indicator the Ecological scarcity implementation contains seven
specific impact categories, with for each substance a final environmental loading
points score as characterization factor. [14]

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4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT
4.1 GLOBAL

WARMING POTENTIAL
Global warming potential impacts result in a warming effect of the earths surface
due to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and are measured in
mass of carbon dioxide equivalents.
The total carbon dioxide equivalents emission for the whole alpha ventus wind park
is 18 grams per kWh. Figure 1 and 2 shows the potential impacts of global warming
per kWh of electricity produced by the power plant. As with other impact categories,
it is the manufacturing stage that dominates the life cycle, with the production of
the wind turbines RePower and Areva M5000 (tower, nacelle rotor) with 42% and
the foundation of both foundations are 39%. The end-of-life phase also has a
significant contribution (-15%), providing environmental credits associated with
avoided metal production of iron, steel, copper and aluminium. The transformation
stations onshore and offshore have a small influence to the environment.
The emission to air of carbon dioxide (92%) is the primary contributing substance,
which results from the combustion of fuels in production of the turbine raw
materials, as well as methane (5%) resulting from steel production.

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4.2
.

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5 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
Sensitivity analysis provides a purposeful evaluation of the underlying assumptions,
parameters and methodological choices of the LCA, which aims to provide an
understanding of the importance and scale of the choices made in the LCA. Table 1
shows the results of the sensitivity analysis, which assess the following eight
scenarios

6 SIMPLIFICATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS

7 RESULT

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8 LIST OF REFERENCES
[1] Alpha ventus, [Online]. Available: http://www.alphaventus.de/fileadmin/user_upload/av_Factsheet_de_Dez2012_2.pdf. [Zugriff am
9. November 2014].
[2] Slideplayer, [Online]. Available: http://slideplayer.de/slide/853376/. [Zugriff
am 10. November 2014].
[3] Enprimus, [Online]. Available: http://www.enprimus.de/214.html. [Zugriff am
10. November 2014].
[4] Alstom, [Online]. Available:
http://www.alstom.com/Global/Germany/Resources/Documents%20%20Brochures/ALSTOM%20GRID_Vertriebsreferenzen%20Deutschland.pdf?
epslanguage=en-GB. [Zugriff am 9. November 2014].
[5] Google, [Online]. Available: http://www.google.ch/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCwQFj
AA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fressourcen.wupperinst.org%2Fdownloads
%2FMaRess_AP2_4.pdf&ei=TKRsVPlEi6eDBObhg_gM&usg=AFQjCNG7ato7EOE6
AoeykKjmd_unlOe2jQ&sig2=22OqTVwZUof_L8UakPvsVQ. [Zugriff am 28.
Oktober 2014].
[6] Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke Gmbh, [Online]. Available:
http://www.nsw.com/ProductsbrServices/Cable/PowerCables/SubmarinePowerCa
bles/tabid/71/Default.aspx. [Zugriff am 19. November 2014].
[7] google maps, [Online]. Available: https://www.google.ch/maps. [Zugriff am 19
November 2014].
[8] Sauter controls, [Online]. Available: http://www.sautercontrols.com/pdm/docs/de_mu_de643884.pdf. [Zugriff am 10. November 2014].
[9] Avesco, [Online]. Available:
http://www.avesco.ch/fileadmin/Dokumente/Diverses/ZE_Stromagg_09_de_scree
n.pdf. [Zugriff am 9. November 2014].
[10 Eurostat, [Online]. Available:
]
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/File:Modal_split_
of_inland_freight_transport,_2000_and_2010_(1)_(%25_of_total_inland_tkm)de.png. [Zugriff am 10. November 2014].
[11 Wikipedia, [Online]. Available:
]
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_Force_I_(Schiff,_2009). [Zugriff am 19.
November 2014].
[12 Alpha Ventus, 19. November 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.alphaPage 8 | 9

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ventus.de/fileadmin/user_upload/av_Factsheet_de_Dez2012_2.pdf.

[13 Techfieber, [Online]. Available: http://photos.techfieber.de/wp]


content/uploads/2010/06/windpark-alpha-ventus.jpg. [Zugriff am 10. November
2014].
http://pre-sustainability.com/download/DatabaseManualMethods_oct2010.pdf

List of Figure

9
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure

1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:

Alpha ventus windpark [9]...........................................................................1


The flow chart of the project........................................................................4
Areva M5000................................................................................................ 6
RePower5M.................................................................................................. 6
Screenshot Sima Pro..................................................................................11
Sankey Diagramm..................................................................................... 12

10 LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Production processes and quantities [1] [2] [3] [4].......................................5
Table 2: Recycling processes and quantities [1] [4] [3] [2].........................................7
Table 3:Allocation to the different means of transport in Germany of the year 2010
[10]............................................................................................................................. 8
Table 4:Recycling and waste rates.............................................................................. 8
Table 5:How processes are linked in Sima Pro..........................................................11

11 APENDIX

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