Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
HYDRAULICS
STUDENT/
MATRIC NO.
SESI - SEM
2013/2014 2
SECTION
02
LECTURER
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1
TITLE
PAGE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background
1.2
1.3
Problem Statement
1.4
Objectives of Study
1.5
Scopes of Study
2.1
2.2
Analysis
2.3
Result
RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Appendix 1 - Work Program
Appendix 2 - Site Plan
Appendix 3 - Calculation Sheet
CHAPTER 1
1.1
INTRODUCTION
Background
The
International
Islamic
University
Malaysia
(Universiti
Islam
1.2
result of heavy or continuous rainfall exceeding the absorptive capasity of soil and
the flow capacity of drainage, river or stream. This causes a water s to overflow onto
adjacent lands or river bank. In general, those land most subject to recurring floods,
situated adjacent to river and streams or drainage system is known as floodplains
area. Table 1.0 shown flood type and their causes.
2
Table 1.1: Flood type and their causes
Flood Type
Causes of Flooding
Riverbank Overflow
Backwater effect from tidal influence affecting lower
reaches
Poor drainage from inland flood prone area
Inadequate drainage and storage system to catyer for rapid
urbanization
Flash floods are caused by the combination of various factors, among others
including the failure of the system due to blocked and silted drainage, insufficient
drainage systems, high rainfall intensities and improper garbage disposal.
1.3
Problem Statement
There are several flood occurrences in the Project area that have been
recorded. However, severe flooding occurred in October 2010, April 2012 and the
recent one in October 2013 (Rekod by Development Department IIUM). Most of the
floods occurred during the inter monsoon period which brought high intensity
rainfall to the relatively small catchment areas. In general, flood occurring at the lowlying areas could be aggravated by the insufficient capacity river, inadequate
capacity of drains and coupled with sediment loading in the river and drainage
system.
Floods occurred in many parts of the Project area and the frequent flooded
locations are listed below:
1.
2.
almost 0.6m at those area. The recorded flood depth are between 0.3m 0.65 m
during heavy rainfall.
3
1.4
Objectives of Study
The main objectives of this study are as follows:
1.5
1.
2.
Scopes of Study
The study was focused on Sg. Pusu near the gate 1 of IIUM, which was the
location of the recent flood around the area. The scopes of study are:
1.
2.
3.
CHAPTER 2
2.1
2.
2.2
L (m)
280
200
y (m)
2.75
3.2
Geometrical Properties
B (m)
z
2.5
4
6
0
S (%)
0.2
0.32
Analysis
Analysis was made in accordance to MSMA 2nd Edition by JPS. The flow
rate was calculated using rational method and hydraulic anaylisis was made using
Manning equation. Calculation sheet is attached in Appendices.
5
2.3
Result
Exsiting geometrical properties for both channel is sufficient to receive the
calculated flow rate. However the transition between these two channels was proved
to be the cause of the flood problem.
The rectangular channel acted as a expansion for trapezoidal channel. Even
though the bottom width of rectangular channel is wider than trapezoidal channel, the
width is smaller compared to the critical width required by trapezoidal channel
resulting the backwater. Height of backwater is greater than the depth of trapezoidal
channel which caused the flood.
CHAPTER 3
RECOMMENDATION
The solution proposed to solved the problem is to embank the top bank of
trapezoidal channel to increase the depth up to the height of backwater. 300mm
freeboard has also been proposed as required by MSMA.
This is the most suitable solution and selected based on following
justifications:
1.
2.
3.
REFERENCES
Amat Sairin Demun (2010). Lecture Module for SKAA 2513 Hydraulics.
Unpublished, UTM.
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia, JPS (2012). Urban Stormwater
Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA 2nd Edition). Retrieved from
http://www.water.gov.my on January 22, 2013.
APPENDIX 1
Work Program
March
No.
Works Description
Action by
Site Survey
Yusri/Rashidi
Yusri/Rashidi
Plan Drawing
Nazirah
Calculation
Asyraf
Report Preparation
Putri
Submission
Week
5
Week
6
April
Week
7
Week
8
Week
9
May
Week
10
Week
11
Week
12
Week
13
APPENDIX 2
Site Plan
UTMSPACE
E S T D
1 9 9 3
TM
APPENDIX 3
Calculation Sheet
Project:
Calculate by:
Group Assignment
Section:
Asyraf
Date:
Sg. Pusu
Reference
Sheet. No:
9/5/2014
Calculation
1/3
Output
T K
Where:
i = average rainfall intensity (mm/hr)
T = average recurrence interval, ARI (years)
d = storm duration (hours)
Appendix 2.B
Table 2.B1
d=2
Equation 2.3
ARI = 100years
T K
66.328 1000.144
64.64
0.859
d
2 0.23
i = 64.64mm/hr
CiA
360
Where:
Q = flow rate (m3/s)
C = runoff coefficient
i = average rainfall intensity
A = catchment area (ha.)
Table 2.5
77
360
360
C = 0.95
A = 450ha.
Q 77 m3 s
Project:
Calculate by:
Group Assignment
Asyraf
Section:
Date:
Sg. Pusu
Sheet. No:
9/5/2014
Reference
Calculation
2/3
Output
d 2.75m
B 2.5m
z4
Table 2.3
n 0.035
L 280m
S
69.7 68.8
0.0032
280
AR
2.5 y 4 y
2
2.5 2 y
1 4
yo yc
A
P
5
2
By zy
2
Qn
77 0.035
0.0032
B 2y
1 z2
Qn
S
y 2.74m
yo 2.74m
subcritical
subcritical
yo d OK
Table 2.3
d 3.2m
B 6m
n 0.015
L 200m
68.8 68.4
S
0.002
200
A
P
5
2
Qn
S
6 y
6 2 y
yo yc
By
B 2y
77 0.015
0.002
Qn
S
y 3.21m
subcritical
yo 3.21m
subcritical
yo d OK
Eo 3.49m
Emin Eo h Eo 0 Eo 3.49m
Bc 6m
B2 control
Project:
Calculate by:
Group Assignment
Asyraf
Section:
Date:
Sg. Pusu
Sheet. No:
9/5/2014
Reference
Calculation
3/3
Output
q2 Q B2 77 6 12.83 m3 ms
yc 2 2.56m
Emin 2 3.84m
y2 yc 2 2.56m
y2 2.56m
E1,3 3.84m
y3
q
12.83
y3
3.84m
2 gy32
19.62 y32
y1
A
By1 zy12
2.5 y1 4 y12
y1
y1
3.84m
2T
2 B 2 zy1
2 2.5 8 y1
y3 2.56m
y3 2.56m
y1 3.02m d1
overflow
y1 3.02m
Q 2T
1
y
gA3
x
S K 2
1
K
y 3.02 2.74
17.5
S
5 0.0032
Let 1
Q 2T
K
and 1
gA3
K
x 17.5
3.020
2.964
2.908
2.992
2.936
26.436
25.988
2.852
2.796
2.880
2.824
25.540
25.092
2.740
2.768
24.644
R
A
43.288 1.593
41.820 1.566
40.378 1.538
38.960 1.511
37.567 1.483
Total Length
475.36 280
Backwater length channel length
x m
1687.047
1611.090
0.803
0.785
0.352
0.289
39.935
47.493
1537.293
1465.631
0.766
0.744
0.219
0.141
61.037
92.098
1396.078
0.719
0.054
234.799
475.36
Proposed Channel
Proposed to increase top bank along channel 1.
Depth to be provided = 3.1m
16.3.3
Freeboard = 0.3m
Proposed
geometric:
B 2.5m
y 3.4m
z4