Enhancing Indias Competitiveness: A New Economic Order in

Making
The recent budget has been pragmatic that focuses on enhancing the
foundations of competitiveness and social wellbeing of its people. The
budget, without a doubt, has been visionary in more than one ways and is
reflected in the distinct direction that the present regime is trying to push the
country towards. The budget tries to serve the poor at the same time being
pro-business and pro-investment in sectors like infrastructure, housing, and
power. All this in addition to accepting the recent recommendations of the
Finance Commission to devolve a greater share of tax collections up to 42%
from the earlier 32%. This suggests that the government clearly appreciates
the idea of states as being the primary unit of geography where finer
economic development objectives are decided.

The focus of the budget has been in solving the problems of the poor
through targeted subsidy regime by reducing leakages in transfers. The JAM
(Jan Dhan Yojana, Aadhar Card and Mobile Phones) Number Trinity as pointed
out in the economic survey aims to make the system leak-proof in the
coming future. The government has thought long and hard on solving the
problems of the poor. It is evident from the schemes meant for the people at
various stages that do not have medical or general insurance. The old age
pension scheme and the way the other insurance schemes have been
designed with benefits to poorest of the poor in times of need in the form of
accident premiums at amounts as small as Rs 330 a year, etc. with a
coverage of Rs 2 Lakh point towards the same.

Implicit in the design of such schemes is the fact that the government
seems to opt for market-based solutions to take care of problems of the
people rather than a governmental welfare driven model. It was also evident
by the announcement to create a National Skills Mission through the Skill
Development and Entrepreneurship Ministry that aims to make the workforce
employable and stay employable. A look at the provisions also suggests that
the government is keen to invest in startups as well as in promoting small
businesses by providing funds for entrepreneurship. The opening up a Micro
Units Development Refinance Agency (MUDRA) Bank, with a corpus of Rs.

20,000 Crore also bolsters this point. There also seems to be an explicit
understanding that India of tomorrow will have to be driven by entrepreneurs
and a shift in the mindset is required from being job seekers to job creators.
The education system also gets a boost, but opening up newer institutions
especially IIM's and IIT's makes the education system focus on quantity but
not quality. This is where the task of the HRD Ministry would be cut out to
focus on IIT's/ IIM's as a pillar in the ecosystem of creating enterprises.

For the corporate sector and investor community, this is probably the first
time that the focus has been on providing internationally competitive tax
rates (though deferred over the next four years). Similarly, the indication on
a timely implementation of the much-awaited goods and services tax (to be
implemented from next year) indicates that the government is keen towards
its aim of a common unified market that will integrate the economy and
boost growth and enhance regional competitiveness. The focus on reducing
red tape by focusing on simplifying norms for opening and complying with
rules also indicates the government is keen on improving India's rank on
indices such as the Global Competitiveness Index and the Ease of Doing
Business Index by leveraging technology to solve problems.

The push towards infrastructure is evident with an allocation of Rs. 70,000

Crores more to the sector from the previous year despite the reduction in
fiscal space. The creation of the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund
(NIIF), with annual flows of Rs. 20,000 Crore will help the trust to raise debt,
and in turn, invest as equity in infrastructure finance companies. It will then
enable infrastructure finance companies to leverage extra equity, many
folds. Thus, one clearly sees a boost for India's creaky infrastructure.

The greater devolution to states also means that now the union government
is trying to go on the path of cooperative federalism that had been talked
about for long. It means states will now have greater freedom to design
policies and implement programs suitable to the needs of the people residing
therein. The only two caveats i.e., first the states being unable to implement
policies and secondly the deepening wedge and greater regional disparity
due to better performance of some states. This is where the states will have
to understand the competitive federalism and take it in a healthy spirit. The

Institute for Competitiveness's annual State Competitiveness Index ranking

may be of benefit for states to see their performance and improve it over
time.

The budget thus manages to do well for quality of life of citizens, as well as
social progress especially for the common people. It signals a departure from
the past with a new economic order in place one that has at its core a focus
on states, infrastructure, entrepreneurship, competition and access to
markets as the prime drivers of tomorrow's India. Will the budget have a
transformational impact on India's future? It certainly has the potential; The
rest will depend on India's implementational capability.