Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
System Stability.
J.K.Senapati
Dy. Gen. Manager
P.K.Pattanaik
P. K. Swain
Asst.Gen.Manager
Manager
OPTCL-Odisha
1. Introduction
The rapid development of power system with the
large number of interconnected lines, equipments in
synchronized manner for ensuring the continuity of
power supply at a good voltage regulation has
become the catch word for the utilities that deal
power system network. Reliability and stability are
the two most important aspects for the study of
electrical power system. To maintain stable and
reliable power, every utility/company should secure
competitive electrical equipments to accommodate
the rapidly changing power system network
situations. Progressive deregulation of market,
complexity of industrial processes and upcoming
demand of load in the network system have also
compelled and necessitated the utility for the
introduction of sophisticated protection schemes that
can employ a quick response to the fault occurrences
Many utilities use interconnected tie lines, ring main
network etc.. to enhance the system reliability and
stability. But this inter-connected net work has its
own advantages and disadvantages. One of the major
disadvantages of the system is to attain proper relay
co-ordination in the system. Some times the fault on
any line causes the tripping of the other healthy lines
connected in the system which results in cascade
tripping due to mismatch of Supply and Demand in
the net work. Instances of complete black out of the
system have also been observed due to the tripping of
the important line/lines.
Similarly the situation of over loading also develops
in the distributing sub-stations due to the tripping of
distribution transformers or inter-connected lines.
For this condition, the other available healthy system
also trips on over loading and causes the system
disturbance or black out etc. The power evacuation
from the generating station is also the critical
situation for the outage of the system network.
So, to avoid the precarious conditions as described
above and to maintain system stability, an innovative
design approach have been selected in the protection
schemes. This concept is named as LADR (Load
Accessed Directional Relay). The detail of the
concept has been dealt in this paper with suitable
G.P.Mishra
Asst. Manager
3.
Sub-Station Load
Maximum station load :- 180 MW
Minimum station load :- 100 MW
Average station load :- 140 MW
HT
LT BUS
Tripping Schedule
+
86-2
(Low
M2
Imp.
Tfr
90
MW
M3
S4
M4
51 F 2 (70 MW)
M5
51 F3 (70 MW)
D1
4,
48
2
2,
28
5,
58
3
3,
38
6,
68
Relays ( LADRs )
1*,2*,3*,4*,5*,6* - Main Distance Protection Relays.
4.1.2.a. Fault Realization and Programme
For the case of fault on the line No.1, the distance
protection relay 1*, 4* actuate and isolate the faulty
part from the system. But due to reduction of tie link,
rest of the two lines share the extra loads, with a
5.
-48
-210
ALCO
BPH
102
13
50 SBPR
45
BPADAR
132
Katapali
132 Main
11
30
50
Katapali
220
Sl
1.
2.
RRKHL 15
SITUATIONS
Over
loading
Situation of 132 KV
Burla- B.Padar DC
line.
Over
loading
Situation of 132 KV
Burla- Katapali line
BLGR
Bpadar 220
SCHEMES
1. Numerical Relay at
Burla PH end on each
B.padar line will provide
ALARM from load limit
of 75 MW (375 Amp) for
ramping down of the
machines till to the
resetting limit of this relay.
2. Relay will issue trip
command after 4 minutes
for the load of 80 MW (
400 Amp) and above.
3. The numerical Relay will
trip Bpadar end after 5
Minutes as Back up.
Relay at KATAPALI end
will
trip
the
AUTO
TRANSFORMER after 75
MW and cause extra load
flow to the allowable limit
through BPADAR lines
from BPH
NOTE 1. If 132Kv ALCO
draws load from BPH above
40 MW then this scheme
will
be
disabled
at
KATAPALI end for system
stability.
4.4. System
Disturbance:-
stability
During
BUSCOUPLER
20
SPS-1 (20)
VAL-2 (200
VAL-1(200)
BHUSAN-2 (40)
BHUSAN-1(40
BURLA-2) 90
BURLA-1 (90
TARKRA-2
(-20 to 235 )
3. Disturbance of the adjacent System Network:Some time the flexible links participate in the
abnormal power flow due to
the system
disturbance of the adjacent Network. So the values
of electrical parameters also change. For this
situation also LADR relay plays the role of
TARKRA-1
( -20 to 235)
IB-3( 90
IB-2 (90
KORBA-3
( - 220 to + 40)
KORBA-2
(- 220 to +40)
RAIGRH
(40- 200)
1. Outage important/
major Load Links:For this condition,
the
generators
become surplus and cause over voltage and over
frequency situation and tripping out of those
generators if the setting value reaches the limit,
resulting further disturbance. Now LADR relay as
per the change of the electrical parameters decides
and activates the pre-defined programme for
ramping down the available generators in the
system in proportionate according to their share to
the network and avoids the system disturbance due
to match of supply and demand.