Group No.

: 02
Course No. : EEE 306

Experiment No. : 05
Experiment Name :

STUDY OF BUET POWER PLANT AND

SUB-STATION

Name : MD. Abul Kalam Azad

Student NO. : 0406015
Level 3 ; Term 1
Dept. : EEE

Date Of Performance : 19-06-07 & 26-06-07

Date Of Submission : 03-07-07

Objective :
The objective of the study is to get an exposure to a realistic small power plant
and LT substation.

Introduction :
BUET has a small (2 MW) power plant and its own distribution network and
sub-stations to meet its electrical energy demand. The power plant is located at west
palasy campus of BUET and uses gas as its primary source of energy. The power plant
supplies electricity to three sub-stations through under ground cable. The sub-stations
distributes to each building, pump, street lighting at 230v.
The peak demand of BUET campus at present is 1750kw. The power plant
supplies electrical energy to BUET campus from early morning till mid-night and from
mid-night till early morning electrical energy is taken from the DESA distribution
system. The changeover is done automatically by Automatic Transfer Switches (ATS)
located at each sub-station.

Experiment description:
Our visit is divided into two parts:
Power plant visit
Sub-stations visit

Power plant visit:

The BUET power plant consists of two 1 MW (actually their rating is 1030 KW
each) gas engine generators and very soon another 2 MW generator will be incorporated
in the system. The plant is fully automated with control and monitoring panels.
Power plant has main two parts:
Generation unit
Control unit

Generation unit :
This part consist mainly generator engine and its mountings and fittings as well as
accessories also. A 16 cylinder gas engine is coupled with a synchronous generator and a
flywheel also. This engine starts with the help of a DC motor. Therere two generator
operating parallel to supply electricity. The cooling system of machine is done with the
help of water circulation and water is cooled by radiator placed on roof. Insides air
temperature is controlled by adjustable fans. Lubricant oil is also used for smooth running
of machine.

Some data of generation unit :

Manufacturer : Caterpillar.
Capacity : 1030 KW (each).
Number of cylinder : 16
Number of radiator fan : 10 (for each generator)
Number of ventilation fan : 4
Fuel : Natural gas.
Speed of machine : 1500 rpm.
DC battery voltage : 24 v.
Generating voltage : 440v(L-L).
Frequency : around 50 Hz.
Power factor (pf) : always keep above 0.8
Temperature inside cylinder : 643 degree Celsius.
Temperature of coolant (water) : 98 degree Celsius.
Rated pressure of supply gas : 11 psi.
Observed pressure of supply gas : 7 psi.
We operate our generator between 40% to 80% of rated KW for efficiency of our
power plant.

Protection measure of generating unit :

Fire extinguisher.
Air muffler.
Radiator fan.
Cooling water.
Lubricating oil.

Flow diagram of generation unit :

Filtrate Air

Gas from
gas line

DC
motor

Exhaust

Engine + Generator

Filter

Lubricant
oil

Cooler +
Radiator
Control
panel

Feeders

Control unit :
Control unit consist two control panel for generator , six feeder , radiator fan
controller and other control system. These are described here :

Generator control panel 1 :

From this panel we can control as well as protect generator 1
Observation result :
Power generation : 736 KW , 436 KVAR.
Frequency : 50.53 Hz.
Power factor (pf) : 0.86
Voltage (3-) : 400.3v , 403.6v , 403.7v.

Generator control panel 2 :

From this panel we can control as well as protect generator 2

Observation result :
Power generation : 750 KW , 335 KVAR.
Frequency : 50.6 Hz.
Power factor (pf) : 0.91
Voltage (3-) : 400.3v , 404v , 403v.
Current (3-) : 20A , 110A , 121A.

Feeder :
From this section electric energy is supplied to external load. There are six feeder
which are described here :
Feeder 1 :
From this feeder electric energy is sent to Nzrul Islam Hall (New).
Observation data :
Supplied power : 126 KW
Frequency : 50.2 Hz
Power factor (pf) : 0.86
Three phase voltage : 401.2v , 406.9v , 409.2v
Single phase voltage : 233.5v , 233v , 231.2v
Line current : 209A , 197A , 214A
Feeder 2 :
From this feeder electric energy is sent to Main sub-station no. 1 :
Observation data :
Supplied power : 232 KW , 289 KVAR.
Frequency : 52 Hz
Power factor (pf) : 0.95
Three phase voltage : 403.4v , 403.2v , 400.3v
Line current : 289A , 239A , 319A
Feeder 3 :
From this feeder electric energy is sent to M. A. Rashid Hall.
Observation data :
Supplied power : 291 KW , 133 KVAR
Frequency : 50.2 Hz
Power factor (pf) : 0.94
Three phase voltage : 400.3v , 401v , 401.2v
Single phase voltage : 232.1v , 234.2v , 232v
Line current : 453A , 451A , 460A

Feeder 4 :
From this feeder electric energy is sent to Nazrul Islam Hall (Old).
Observation data :
Supplied power : 82 KW
Frequency : 50.5 Hz
Power factor (pf) : 0.98
Three phase voltage : 400v , 403.8v , 407.8v
Single phase voltage : 231.2v , 233v , 233.2v
Line current : 120A , 109A , 111A
Feeder 5 :
From this feeder electric energy is sent to Main sub-station no. 2 :
Observation data :
Supplied power : 485 KW , 238 KVAR
Frequency : 50.5 Hz
Power factor (pf) : 0.89
Three phase voltage : 397.8v , 400.4v , 404.8v
Single phase voltage : 231.3v , 232.3v , 230.2v
Line current : 860A , 714A , 717A
Feeder 6 :
From this feeder electric energy is sent to EME Building :
We can take data because it has no display on its body.
There is also a section from which we can control radiator fan. It has 20 block.
Each block is used to control each fan of radiator.

Protection :
Another important part of control unit is protection. Protection devices are set in
generator control panel. Protections keep generator safe from damages.
Emergency protection is taken against are :
Emergency stop
Fail to start
Over speed
Low lubricating oil pressure
High coolant temperature
EMCP diagnostic fault
Over voltage
Under voltage
Under frequency

Reverse power trip

If one of this fault is occurred then corresponding light and alarm be on and then we
take steps to our valuable generator.
Description of these protective device :
Emergency stop :
This alarm is on when any problem occurs in engine or generator. Then we stop
the generator as quickly as possible.
Fail to start :
This gives signal when generator fail to start.
Over speed :
When generator run with over speed then this signal turns on.
Low lubricating oil pressure :
If lubricating oil pressure come down then minimum pressure rating provided by
manufacture then this alert turned on.
High coolant temperature :
When temperature of coolant water rise above the maximum rated temperature
given by manufacture then this alert light become on.
Over voltage :
If generated voltage rise above maximum acceptable voltage then this warning is
on.
Under voltage :
If generated voltage goes down minimum acceptable voltage then this warning is
on.
Under frequency :
If generator operated less than minimum acceptable frequency then the alarm on.
Reverse power :
When a generator becomes consuming power rather delivering then reverse power
trip separate the generator from line to keep generator run as a motor.

Block diagram of complete power plant :

Exhaust

DC battery
(24 v)

Radiator

Lubricant
oil

Gas from
gas line

Gas engine

Generator 1

Control
panel - 1

Gas from
gas line

Gas engine

Generator 2

Control
panel - 2

Exhaust

Control
panel of
radiator for
generator 1

Radiator

DC battery
(24 v)

Distributio
n Network
through
substations

Feeder - 1

Feeder - 2

Feeder - 3

Control
panel of
radiator for
generator 2

Feeder - 4

Feeder - 5

Feeder - 6

Lubricant
oil

Sub-stations visit :
In sub-stations visit we visit M. A. Rashid Hall sub-station and Main sub-station.
Our sub-station transformer step down voltage from 11 KV to 415 V coming from DESA
line.
All BUET sub-substations consists of mainly the following components :
Step down transformer
Incoming and outgoing feeders
HT and LT panel
Circuit breaker
Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)
Relays
Metering instruments (CT , PT , meter)
We can divide this part of visit in two parts :
M. A. Rashid Hall sub-station
Main sub-station

M. A. Rashid Hall sub-station :

Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) :
Reading :
Current : 480 A
Voltage : 400 V (L-L) ; 215 V (L-N)
Frequency : 51.2 Hz
Transformer :
Capacity : 750 KVA
11 KV / 415 V Y

Feeders :
It has eight feeder :
Titumir Hall
S. W. Hall
Sher E Bangla Hall
M. A. Rashid Hall
Azad pump(40 HP) and Azad quarter
IPCDR & IAT Bhabon
Ladies hostel
Old pump house (60 HP)

Main Sub-station :
It has three panel.
Panel 1 :
ATS 1:
Current : 300A , 300A , 280A
Voltage : 390V
Frequency : 50 Hz

Feeders :
This panel has eight feeders :
Machine shop
Arch. Building
O. A. bhabon(west)
A/C bhabon(east)
EME lift
Civil lift
Store / Mechanical
Auto shop
Panel 2 :
ATS 2 :
Current : 620A , 580A , 620A
Voltage : 385 V
Frequency : 50.7 Hz

Feeders :
This panel has eleven feeders :
Civil Bhabon
Central library
Auditorium
A/C plant Auditorium
Engg. Office
URP bhabon
IICT
Feeder 2 reading :
Current : 600 A
Voltage : 385 V
10

Panel 3 :
ATS 3 :
Current : 440 A
Voltage : 395 V
Frequency : 51 Hz

Feeders :
This panel has five feeders :
Library
EME / EE
EME / ME
Arch. Bhabon
Controller bhabon
Arch. Building feeder reading :
Current : R 38.7 A ; Y - 12.6 A ; B 9.1 A
Controller Building feeder reading :
Current : R 62.3 A ; Y 73.6 A ; B 122.4 A
EME feeder reading :
Current : R 221.6 A ; Y 119 A ; B 153.2 A

Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) :

It is a SPDT type switch which switches line from DESA to BUET or from BUET
to DESA. This switching is operated by microcontroller based timer relay.

Power factor improvement (PFI) plant :

Its a capacitor bank used to improvement of load and connect parallel to ATS.

Switch-gear protection :
It protect device from damages during fault.

Meter :
Its a HT meter provided by DESA for measuring electrical energy used by
BUET.

11

Transformer :
Manufacturer : Energy Pack (class A)
Type : 3 ; - Y
Normal operating temperature : 50 55 degree Celsius
Rated KVA : 500 KVA
Frequency : 50 Hz
HT side :
Voltage : 11 KV
Current : 26.24 A
LT side :
Voltage : 415 V
Current : 695.6 A

In general block diagram of sub-station :

DESA line

Ring main
unit
(RMU)

DESA HT
meter

Switch
Gear

3
Transforme
r ( - Y)
BUET line

ATS

PFI

Feeders

12

Load