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COMPREHENSIVE PROJECT
REPORT
On
A Study on consumer preference
towards organized retailing jn
Bareilly
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF
(MBA DEPARTMENT)
SUBMITTED BY
Pradeep kumar-1301470025
DECLARATION
We, Pradeep kumar hereby declare that the
report for comprehensive project entitled A Study
on consumer preference towards organized
retailing in Bareilly is a result of our own work
and our indebtedness to other work publications,
references have been duly acknowledged.
Place : - Bareilly
Date :-
Pradeep kumar
Roll no.-(1301470025)
INSTITUTESCERTIFICATE
Certified that this comprehensive project
titled
Study
on
consumer
preference
I also certify
2013-2015
ACKNOLEDGEMENT
Only due to the blessings of GOD and OUR PARENTS, we have been
successful to handle this project. It is a pleasure to recognize the many
individuals who helped us in all phases of the project. Without their help, we
would not have finished this project, or even started it. Achievement of a goal
is not a one persons job. It is obtained by guidance & co-operation of others.
Our sincere thanks to MR.Anant Shri vastava, HOD-MBA for his moral
support and constant encouragement without which it was not possible for us
to complete the project work successfully.
We take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to all thefaculty
members of Department of Management Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of
Engineering technology Bareilly whose advice and supervision had helped in
the completion of the project work. We are also very thankful to
MR.Anubhav Saxena (Internal Guide), Asst. Prof. at SRMS CET Bareilly for
guiding us in completing our project successfully.
Place:Bareilly
Date:
Pradeep kumar)
Roll NO.-1301470025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SR. NO.
PARTICULAR
Declaration
Certificate of Institute
Preface
Acknowledgements
Executive Summary
Part 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
PART 2
4.
PRIMARY STUDY
Introduction of Study
4.1 Literature Review
4.2 Background of the Study
4.3 Objectives of the Study
5.
Research Methodology
5.1 Research Design
5.2 Sources of Data
5.3 Data Collection Method
5.4 Population
5.5 Sampling Method
5.6 Sampling Frame
5.7 Date Collection Instruments
PAGE NO.
Annexure
Questionnaire for
Bibliography& References
Remarks
LIST OF FIGURES
SR. NO.
1.
PARTICULAR
Different categories of organising retail sector
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE NO.
SR. NO.
PARTICULAR
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
PAGE NO.
PART I
GENERAL
INFORMATIO
N
Chapter 1:-
What is retailing?
Retailing is a distribution channel function, where one organisation
buys products from supplying firms or manufactures products themselves,
and then sells these directly to consumers.
In majority of retail situations, the organisation, from whom a
consumer buys, is a reseller of products obtained from others, and not the
product manufacturer. However, some manufacturers do operate their own
retail outlets in a corporate channel arrangement.
10
11
12
Reliance Retail
3. Koutons:
4. Footwear
Reebok
Bata
5. Khadims:
6. Home and office improvement
Godrej Lifespace
Home Stop
Home Town
7. Electronics
eZone:
Viveks:
8. Catering services
Yum! Restaurants:
McDonalds
Caf Coffee Day
9. Telecom
The Mobile Store:
MobileNXT:
10. Pharmaceuticals
Apollo Pharmacy
MedPlus:
13
12. Jewellery
Gitanjali:
Tanishq:
Reliance Jewels
13. Timewear
Citizen:
Titan
14. Crossword
15. Entertainment
14
15
Company name
Country
No. of outlets,
WALMART
US
395305
7331
16
CARREFOUR
FRANCE
142229
13419
TESCO
UK
103573
3750
METRO GROUP
GERMANY
102942
2541
JAPAN
84375
22590
KROGER
US
73633
3672
AEON (i)
JAPAN
73416
14803
TARGET
US
71125
1591
SCHWARZ
GERMANY
70969
8575
10
COSTCO
US
69704
518
17
Category killers: small specialty stores that offer a variety of categories. They
are known as categorykillers as they focus on specific categories, such as
electronics and sporting goods. This is also knownas Multi Brand Outlets or
MBO's.
Specialty stores: are retail chains dealing in specific categories and provide
deep assortment Mumbai's Crossword Book Store and RPG's Music World are
a couple of example.
Chapter: - 2
Brand Name
Spencers
Outlet type
Supermarkets
Location
Across
cities
all
major
Hypermarkets
DFL (Joint venture with Food World
DSP Merrill Lynch and
Rahejas)
Supermarkets
Chennai, Bangalore
and Hyderabad
Pantaloon
Supermarket
Across
cities
Food Bazaar
all
2International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol.2 Issue 1, January 2012, ISSN 2231
5780 , Data has been compiled from the website of different companies
18
major
Big Bazaar
Hypermarket
Supermarkets
Chennai, Bangalore,
Pondicherry and tier
two towns in Tamil
Nadu
Trinethra
Supermarkets
Major cities
in
Andhra Pradesh and
Tamil Nadu
Fabmall
Supermarkets
Bangalore
Chennai
and
Franchisee
ownership Margin Free
model
regulated
by
cooperative
Discount stores
Major cities
in
Kerala, Tamil Nadu
and Karnataka
Monday to Sunday,
Jumbo
Supermarkets
Hypermarkets
Bangalore
Sabka Bazaar
Discount stores
Trumart
Supermarkets
MaharashtraMumbai
Hypermarkets
Ahmedabad,
Mumbai
Spar
Supermarkets
Mumbai
Namdharis Group
Namdharis Fresh
Supermarkets
Bangalore, Delhi
Adani Group
Adanis
Supermarkets
Gujarat
Supermarkets
Delhi
Supermarkets
Delhi
Food Mart
Hyper Market
Across
cities
all
major
Reliance Fresh
Discount Stores
Across
cities
all
major
6Ten
Discount Stores
North India
19
Chapter: - 3
Kind of Indianretail
industry
The Indian retail industry is divided into organized and unorganized
sectors. The Indian retail sector is highly fragmented, with a major share of its
business is being run by unorganized retailers like the traditional family run
stores and corner stores. The organized retail however is at a very nascent
stage, though attempts are being made to increase its proportion bringing in a
huge opportunity for prospective new players.
There are two types of Retailing:
Organized Retailing
Unorganized Retailing
Organized Retailing
Organized retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers,
that is, those who are registered for sales tax, income tax, etc. These include
20
the corporate-backed hypermarkets and retail chains, and also the privately
owned large retail businesses.
Unorganized Retailing
Organized Retailing
Organized
retailing
refers
to
Unorganized Retailing
trading Unorganized retailing, on the other hand,
21
The organized stores are not having number The unorganized stores are having number
of options to cut their costs
ORGANISED RETAILING
Organized retailing comprises mainly of modern retailing with busy shopping
malls, multi storied malls and huge complexes that offer a large variety of
products in terms of quality, value for money and makes shopping a
memorable experience.
22
include the corporate-backed hypermarkets and retail chains, and also the
privately owned large retail businesses.
According to AT Kearney report for the year 2011, organized retail
accounts for 7 per cent of India's roughly US$ 435 billion retail market and is
expected to reach 20 per cent by 2020.Food accounts for 70 per cent of underpenetrated by organized retail. Organized retail has a 31 per cent share in
clothing and apparel and continues to see growth in this sector. The home
segment shows promise, growing 20 to 30 per cent per year. India's more
urban consumer mind-set means this sector is poised for growth.Indian retail,
but it remains.
Organized retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed
retailers, i.e. those who are registered for sales tax, income tax, etc.These
include the corporate backed hypermarkets and retail chains and also the
privately owned large retail businesses.
Rank
Retailer
Home country
USA
Carrefoer Group
USA
USA
Royal Ahold
Metro AG
Target corporation
USA
Alertson`s, inc.
USA
USA
10
Kmart corporation
USA
France
Netherlands
Germany
23
24
Orgnasing Retailing
Watches
Footwear
50
45.6
45
Clothing, textiles, & fashion accessories
40
37.8
30
Furnishings, furniture home & office, utensils
25
percentage
20
Catering services
18.9
Entertainment
Jewellery
12.6
15
10.6 10.4
Pharma
10
9.1
other
6.9
4.1
2.8 2.6
0.8
25
In addition to the high cost of real estate the sector also faces very high stamp
duties on transfer of property, which varies from state to state (12.5% in
Gujarat and 8% in Delhi). The problem is compounded by problems of clear
titles to ownership, while at the same time land use conversion is time
consuming and complex as is the legal process for settling of property
disputes.
Lack of adequate infrastructure
Poor roads and the lack of a cold chain infrastructure hampers the
development of food and grocery retail in India. The existing supermarkets and
foods retailers have to invest a substantial amount of money and time in
building a cold chain network.
Multiple and complex taxation system
26
The sales tax rates vary from state to state, while organized players have to
face a multiple point control and system there is considerable sales tax evasion
by small stores. In many locations, retailers have to face a multi-point octroi
with the introduction of value Added Tax (VAT) in 2005, certain anomalies in
the existing sales tax system causing disruption in the supply chain are likely
to get corrected over a period of time.
There is price war between different retail organizations. Each and every one is
saying to provide goods at low cost and offers various promotional schemes.
In such a case it is difficult to keep ones customers with oneself.
OPPORTUNITIES TO RETAIL
DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
Retail marketing gets various opportunities to grow up in the Indian
market. Not only retailing but Manufacturers as well as suppliers, and buyers
have various opportunities, some of which are mentioned below
What is in store
27
Organized retail provides brands much needed visibility and platform for
customer interaction. It also helps in launching of new product or product
variant and in market penetration. It has wider product range and more
frequent, speedier deliveries.
Urbanization
Increased urbanization has shifted consumers to one place and thus a single
retail can catch more customers.
Nuclear family
As the time passed away joint families came in a new form i.e. nuclear family.
Again the income level of these nuclear families increases because both
members started earning. This results into increased power of purchase and
lack of time. Now they want everything under one roof. This brought the
concept of organized retailing.
Plastic revolution
Increased use of credit cards is in favour of retail marketing. It creates
requirement even when it is not necessary.
Jo Dikata Hai Woh Bikta Hai
Organized retail stores put stress on proper infrastructure like well-maintained
building, air conditioning, trained employees, electronic machine, parking
facilities and proper display of goods category wise. Here customers feel
comfort, joy and entertainment. Purchasing becomes joy for him. Selfselection saves time and gives more opportunities and satisfaction. Fix cost
removes the threat of misleading. They avail various discounts and
promotional schemes presented by the manufacturers. They also get product of
different varieties and of proper quality.
Employment
Retail marketing is one of the largest employments generating industry. It
provides employment to skilled, semi-skilled as well as to unskilled persons.
Thus it helps in the socio- economic development of the society.
Price war
28
UNORGANISED RETAILING
Traditional or Unorganized retail outlets are normally street markets,
counter stores, kiosks and vendors, where the ownership and management rest
with one person only. This sector accounts for two thirds of the market and
requires low skilled labor. These are highly competitive outlets, with negligible
rental costs (unregistered kiosks or traditional property), cheap workers (work
is shared by members of family) and low taxes and overheads.
29
vendors,
the
owner
manned
general
30
be
obtain
by
In smaller towns and urban areas, there are many families who are traditionally
using these kiranashops/ mom and pop stores offering a wide range of
merchandise mix. Generally these kirana shops are the family business of
these small retailers which they are running for more than one generation.
These kirana shops are having their own efficient management system and
with this they are efficiently fulfilling the needs of the customer. This is one of
the good reasons why the customer doesn't want to change their old loyal
kirana shop.
31
A large number of working class in India is working as daily wage basis, at the
end of the day when they get their wage, they come to this small retail shop to
purchase wheat flour, rice etc. for their supper. For them this the only place to
have those food items because purchase quantity is so small that no big retail
store would entertain this.
Similarly there is another consumer class who are the seasonal worker. During
their unemployment period they use to purchase from this kirana store in credit
and when they get their salary they clear their dues. Now this type of credit
facility is not available in corporate retail store, so this kirana stores are the
only place for them to fulfill their needs.
Another reason might be the proximity of the store. It is the convenience store
for the customer. In every corner the street an unorganized retail shop can be
found that is hardly a walking distance from the customer's house. Many times
customers prefer to shop from the nearby kirana shop rather than to drive a
long distance organized retail stores.
This unorganized stores are having number of options to cut their costs. They
incur little to no real-estate costs because they generally operate from their
residences.
Chapter: - 4
32
33
34
PART 2
PRIMARY
STDUY
35
Chapter 4:-
INTRODUCTION OF THE
STUDY
Literature Review
36
37
38
39
price, quality, safety and space for shopping are the determinant factors for
unorganized retail.
Purohit and Kavita(2013) according to their studies that the traditional
retailers are not very much clear about the consequences of the modern
retailing the traditional retailers are neutral or undecided, modern retailing will
cut the profit margin of the traditional retailers; the modern retailing will lead
healthy competition in the market, modern retailing will reduce the sales
volume of the traditional retailers and traditional retailers should improve
customer care services in the era of modern retailing.
Shaoni Shabnam (2013): It is important to highlight that in organized retail,
the status of employment is much better than that in unorganized retail. Hence
it is definitely desirable that more and more labor gets absorbed in this sector
of retail. In the current context, the labor employed in unorganized retail stands
unfit for finding employment in organized retail. If appropriate training and
skills could be imparted to them, it is possibly feasible to offer better forms of
employment to them in the organized retail sector. The status of employment is
much better than that in unorganized retail. Hence it is definitely desirable that
more and more labor gets absorbed in this sector of retail. In the current
context, the labor employed in unorganized retail stands unfit for finding
employment in organized retail. If appropriate training and skills could be
imparted to them, it is possibly feasible to offer better forms of employment to
them in the organized retail sector.
Meeta Punjabi (2013): According to their study they suggest that the
development efforts in this area are based on three grounds: First, farmers
associated with the modern value chains earn higher returns than selling to the
traditional markets. Second, the modern supply chains have specific quality
requirements which are easier to meet by the large and medium farmers and
the small farmers tend to get left out of these markets.Third, there are several
successful examples of linking small farmers to these modern value chains
with effort from government agencies, NGOs and development agencies. This
knowledge presents strong grounds for a closer look at the emerging sector in
India.
Mathew Joseph (2013): Unorganized retailers in the vicinity of organized
40
sales and profit weakens over time. There was no evidence of a decline in
overall employment in the unorganized sector as a result of the entry of
organized retailers. There is some decline in employment in the North and
West regions which, however, also weakens over time. The rate of closure of
unorganized retail shops in gross terms is found to be 4.2% per annum which
is much lower than the international rate of closure of small businesses. The
rate of closure on account of competition from organized retail is lower still at
1.7% per annum. There is competitive response from traditional retailers
through improved business practices and technology up gradation. A majority
of unorganized retailers is keen to stay in the business and compete, while also
wanting the next generation to continue likewise. Small retailers have been
extending more credit to attract and retain customers.
4.2
:-
BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY
The Indian Retail Industry is the fifth largest in the world. Comprising
of organized and unorganized sectors, Indian retail industry is one of the
fastest growing industries in India, especially over the last few years. Though
initially the retail industry in India was mostly unorganized, however with the
change of taste and preferences of consumers, the Industry is getting more
popular these days and getting organized as well. The Indian Retail Industry is
expected to grow from US$330 billion in 2007 to US$640 billion by 2015.
According to the 10th Annual Global Retail Development Index
(GRDI) of A.T. Kearney,India is having a very strong growth fundamental
base thats why its the perfect time to enter into Indian Retail Market. Indian
Retail Market accounts for 22% of countrys GDP and it contributes to 8% of
the total employment. The total retail spending is estimated to double in the
next five years. Of this, organized retail currently growing at a CAGR of
22%- is estimated to be 21% of total expenditure. The unorganized retail sector
41
is expected to grow at about 10% per annum with sales expected to rise from
$309 billion in 2006-07 to $496 billion in 2011-12. This paper focused on
changing face of Retail Industry, organized or unorganized retail industry,
major players in retail industry and also highlights the challenges faced by the
industry in near future.
42
economy India is set to emerge as one of the fastest growing organized retail
markets in the world.
Retailing is one of the biggest sectors and it is witnessing revolution in
India. The new entrant in retailing in India signifies the beginning of retail
revolution. India's retail market is expected to grow tremendously in next few
years. According to AT Kearney, The Windows of Opportunity shows
thatRetailing in India was at opening stage in 1995 and now it is in peaking
stage in 2006. The origins of retailing in India can be traced back to the
emergence of Kirana stores and mom-and-pop stores. These stores used to
cater to the local people. Eventually the government supported the rural retail
and many indigenous franchise stores came up with the help of Khadi &
Village Industries Commission. The economy began to open up in the 1980s
resulting in the change of retailing. The first few companies tocome up with
retail chains were in textile sector, for example, Bombay Dyeing, S Kumar's,
Raymonds, etc. Later Titan launched retail showrooms in the organized retail
sector. With the passage of time new entrants moved on from manufacturing to
pure retailing.
Retail outlets such as Food world in FMCG, Planet M and Music world
in Music, Crossword in books entered the market before 1995. Shopping malls
emerged in the urban areas giving a world-class experience to the customers.
Eventually hypermarkets and supermarkets emerged. The evolution of the
sector includes the continuous improvement in the supply chain management,
distribution channels, technology, back-end operations, etc. this would finally
lead to more of consolidation, mergers and acquisitions and huge investments.
India's retail market is expected to grow tremendously in next few years. India
shows US$330 billion retail market that is expected to grow 10% a year, with
modern retailing just beginning.
In India, the most of the retail sector is unorganized. The main
challenge facing the organized sector is the competition from unorganized
sector. Unorganized retailing has been there in India for centuries. The main
advantage in unorganized retailing is consumer familiarity that runs from
generation to generation. It is a low cost structure; they are mostly operated by
43
owners, have very low real estate and labor costs and have low taxes to pay.
Organized retail business in India is very small but has tremendous scope.
model
or
consumption
44
pattern
throughout
the
country.
Manufacturers and retailers will have to devise strategies for different sectors
and segments which by itself would be challenging.
Real estate issues:
The enormous growth of the retail industry has created a huge demand for real
estate. Property developers are creating retail real estate at an aggressive pace.
With over 1,000 hypermarkets and 3,000 supermarkets projected to come up
by 2011, India will need additional retail space of 700,000,000 sq.ft.
(65,000,000 m2) as compared to today.
Human resource problems:
Trained manpower shortage is a challenge facing the organized retail sector in
India. The Indian retailers have difficulty in finding trained person and also
have to pay more in order to retain them. This again brings down the Indian
retailers profit levels.
Frauds in Retail:
It is one of the primary challenges the companies would have to face. Frauds,
including vendor frauds, thefts, shoplifting and inaccuracy in supervision and
administration are the challenges that are difficult to handle. This is so even
after the use of security techniques, such as CCTVs and POS systems. As the
size of the sector would increase, this would increase the number of thefts,
frauds and discrepancies in the system.
Challenges with Infrastructure and Logistics:
The lack of proper infrastructure and distribution channels in the country
results in inefficient processes. This is a major hindrance for retailers as a nonefficient distribution channel is very difficult to handle and can result in huge
losses. Infrastructure does not have a strong base in India. Urbanization and
globalization are compelling companies to develop infrastructure facilities.
Transportation, including railway systems, has to be more efficient. Highways
have to meet global standards. Airport capacities and power supply have to be
enhanced. Warehouse facilities and timely distribution are other areas of
challenge. To fully utilize India's potential in retail sector, these major
obstacles have to be removed.
45
2. Weaknesses (limitation):
Lack of Competitors
Highly Unorganized
Low Productivity
Shortage of Talented Professionals
No Industry status,
3. Opportunities (benefits):
Healthy Competition will be boosted and there will be a check on the
prices (inflation).
Create transparency in the system.
Intermediaries and mandi system will be evicted, hence directly
benefiting the farmers and producers.
Quality Control and Control over Leakage and Wastage.
Heavy flow of capital will help in building up the infrastructure for
the growing population.
46
47
4.3 :STUDY
OBJECTIVE OF THE
48
To find out, what attributes consumers are looking for in retailing product,
Significance of Study
The following are the Significances of the Study:-
This study report will help to Retailing Companies in improving their selling
strategy
The report contains the suggestions and findings of the product of the
company which will help them to improve their quality of the product.
The study work did on the basis of the retailer viewpoints which will help the
company to understand the customer needs, requirement, perception and many
more things.
The reports conclusion and suggestion will help the companies to understand
the coverage of the market with the use of sales strategy and also provide the
idea to the company in findings the necessary field where the product is highly
demanding.
This report will help to the society or in commercial sector who wants to go
for research work in future on Retailing industry.
49
50
Chapter: - 5
Research methodology
Research design
Sampling Procedure
Sample location
Sampling Method
Sample Size
Data collection
Data collection instrument
51
52
53
Books.
Magazines & Journals.
Websites.
Newspapers,
Ebscohost, etc.
In this study I have used Questionnaire for the primary data collection
and for secondary data collection I have used internet, magazines, reference
books and articles which are necessary for my project completion
54
To come at the particular result we have to collect the data from the
Research Type
Quantitative Research
Research Design
Secondary Sources:
Population
400
Sampling Method
Sampling location
Ahmedabad.
Sample size
384
Structured Questionnaire
respondents through various ways. In this report work I have used the
questionnaire to collect the data from the respondents.
SUMMRY OF RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
Table: - Table shows the summary of Research Methodology
55
56
Questionnaire
Title:
]Based in Ahmedabad
]Unorganized Retail
57
]Depends/Not Fixed
4.
Very good
Average
Fair
Poor
[ ]Big Bazar
[ ]Food Bazar
[ ]Spinach
[ ]Reliance Fresh
[ ] Star Bazar
[ ] Apna Bazar
[ ]Le Marche
Bhandar
[ ] Shoprite
[ ] Subhiksha
]Sarkari
[ ] Foodland Garments
[ ]Shoppers Stop
[ ] Lifestyle
[ ] Globus
[ ]Hyper city
[ ] National Handloom
[ ]other
Weekly
Bimonthly
Monthly
Vegetables
Grocery(DalRice,Wheat)
FMCG(Biscuit,Detergent,s
oaps)
Oil
Garments/Clothes
Utensils
7. Why do you prefer to go for Organized Retail formats?
58
O.R.
U.R.
[ ] Price is less
[ ] Near house
[ ] Good Service
[ ]Good Quality
[ ]Ambience
[ ]Long Relationship
Aspiration
[ ]Good Offers
[ ] Self Service
[ ]Large Variety
]Overall
experience
8. Kindly rate the below of an organized retail and unorganized retail based upon
your preference?
(1-poor,5-best)
Organized Retail
Un Organized Retail
Parameter
1 2 3 4 5
Price
Quality
Variety
Location
Service
Everything at one place
Offers
Relationship
Ambience
Home Delivery
Faster
9. What is your gender?
[ ]Male
[ ]Female
10. What is your age?
[
[
[
[
] 18 as under
] 19-35
] 36-50
] 50 or more
59
12. Kindly tell any other experience or factors you feel makes your Organized Retail
to Un Organized Retail
[ ] No
Websites:
1. http://www.dnb.co.in/IndianRetailIndustry/issues.asp
2. http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1098&context=jekem
60
3. http://web.yonsei.ac.kr/dslab/Journal/Journal%20of
%20International%20Consumer%20Marketing
%20%202011.pdf
4. http://www.abesit.in/pdfs/a-study-of-diversity-in-retailpurchases-behaviour-in-food-prof-manish-kumar.pdf
5. http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Vol8issue3/A0830105.pdf
6. http://indianresearchjournals.com/pdf/IJMFSMR/2013/June/7.
pdf
7. http://www.abhinavjournal.com/images/Commerce_
%26_Management/Aug12/7.pdf
References:-
61
iDholakia, R. R. (1999). Going shopping: key determinants of shopping behaviour and motivations.
environments: Comparing retailer and consumer perspectives. Journal of Retailing and Consumer
Services, 13, 417430.
ivTerblanche, N. S. and Boshoff, C. (2006). The relationship between a satisfactory in-store
shopping experience and retailer loyalty. South African Journal of Business Management, 37(2), 3343.
vKalhan, A. (2007). Impact of Malls on Small Shops and Hawkers. Economic Political Weekly, 6,
2063-2066.
viGoswami,
P. (2008). Would Kiranas in Urban India Survive the Modern Trade Onslaught?
viiDas, G. & Kumar, R. V. (2009). Impact of Sales Promotion on Buyers Behaviour: An Empirical
organized retailers when shopping for groceries? Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,
21(1), 127 143.
ixInside store (2009). Unplanned Buying at Traditional Retail in India. A Research Report Insight
consumer durables. International Journal of Business and Management Tomorrow, 1(1), 1-13
xiiiKushwaha, S. and Gupta, M. K. (2011). Customer perception in Indian retail industry: A
comparative study of organized and unorganized retail industry. Research Journal of Economics
and Business studies, 1(1), 61-73.